ULTRATEV Locator Ver E (Eng)

UltraTEV Locator
Operating Manual
Version E
June 2010
EA Technology Ltd
Capenhurst Technology Park
Capenhurst
Chester
CH1 6ES
UK
Tel: +44 (0)151 339 4181

Fax: +44 (0)151 347 2139
Email: instruments@eatechnology.com
Web: www.eatechnology.com
© EA Technology Ltd 2010

EA Technology Ltd UltraTEV Locator Operating Manual E503/L/01/E
Contents
1 Safety Note ......................................................................................................... 3

2 Operational Note ................................................................................................. 4
3 Non-Intrusive Detection of Partial Discharge Activity .......................................... 5
3.1 General ........................................................................................................ 5
3.2 Airborne Ultrasonic Discharge Activity ......................................................... 5
3.3 Electromagnetic Discharge Activity.............................................................. 6
4 The Partial Discharge Range of Equipment ........................................................ 7
5 UltraTEV Locator Overview............................................................................... 10
5.1 Charging the Unit ....................................................................................... 10
5.2 Turning the Unit On/Off.............................................................................. 11
5.3 System Information Screen........................................................................ 11
5.4 Main Menu ................................................................................................. 11
5.5 Setting up the Unit ..................................................................................... 12
5.5.1 Adjusting Settings ............................................................................... 12
5.5.2 TEV Settings....................................................................................... 13
5.5.3 Ultrasonic Settings .............................................................................. 13
5.5.4 Cable PD Settings............................................................................... 13
5.5.5 Temperature Settings ......................................................................... 13
5.5.6 System Settings.................................................................................. 13
5.6 File Browser ............................................................................................... 14
5.7 Scrolling ..................................................................................................... 14
5.8 Text Input ................................................................................................... 14
5.9 Saving Measurement Data......................................................................... 15
5.10 TEV Measurement Screens ....................................................................... 15
5.11 TEV – Continuous...................................................................................... 16
5.12 TEV – Continuous Pulse Mode .................................................................. 17
5.13 TEV – Dual Probe ...................................................................................... 18
5.14 TEV – Discharge Pattern ........................................................................... 20
5.15 TEV Pulse Count Histogram ...................................................................... 21
5.16 Ultrasonic – Internal Probe......................................................................... 22
5.17 Cable PD.................................................................................................... 23
5.18 Temperature .............................................................................................. 24
6 Function Checker .............................................................................................. 25
7 TEV Measurement Procedure........................................................................... 26
7.1 Background Noise...................................................................................... 26
7.2 Making a Magnitude Measurement............................................................ 26
7.2.1 Notes on Amplitude Measurements .................................................... 27
7.3 Locating Partial Discharge Sites ................................................................ 28
7.3.1 Locating Partial Discharge Sites ......................................................... 28
7.3.2 Notes on Location Measurements ...................................................... 28
7.3.3 Identification of Discharge Sources .................................................... 28
7.3.4 Testing Plant Which Can be Racked Out............................................ 29
8 Ultrasonic Measurement Procedure.................................................................. 31
9 Accessories....................................................................................................... 32
9.1 Ultrasonic Contact Probe ........................................................................... 32
9.2 Flexible Sensor .......................................................................................... 32
9.3 UltraDish .................................................................................................... 33
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10 Guide to Interpretation of UltraTEV Locator TEV Readings .......................... 34

11 Relating TEV Reading (in dB) to Discharge Magnitude (in pC) ..................... 35
11.1 Surface Discharges.................................................................................... 35
12 Instrument Specification ................................................................................ 38
12.1 TEV Measurements ................................................................................... 38
12.2 Ultrasonic Measurements .......................................................................... 38
12.3 Cable Pd Measurements............................................................................ 38
12.3 Hardware ................................................................................................... 38
12.4 Environmental ............................................................................................ 39
12.5 Dimensions ................................................................................................ 39
12.6 Power Supplies .......................................................................................... 39
12.7 Battery Charger.......................................................................................... 39
Maintenance............................................................................................................. 40
13 Calibration ..................................................................................................... 40
14 Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive (WEEE) ...................... 40
15 Warranty ........................................................................................................ 41
16 Notes ............................................................................................................. 42
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1 Safety Note
The instrument is designed to detect partial discharge sources in Medium/High

Voltage (MV/HV) Plant. If no discharges are detected, this does not necessarily
imply that an item of MV/HV Plant is discharge free. Discharge sites often have
dormant periods and insulation structures can fail through causes other than those
attributable to partial discharges. If discharges of considerable magnitude are
detected in plant that is connected directly to the medium/high voltage power
system, the authority responsible for the plant should be notified immediately.
Warning
The UltraTEV Locator is designed for use at ground potential only.
• When testing electrical plant ensure that the metalwork is earthed before taking
any measurements.
• Maintain safety clearances between structures at high voltage and the

instrument, its probes and the operator at all times.
• Adhere strictly to local safety procedures.
• Do not make measurements when there are electrical storms in the vicinity.
• Do not make measurements immediately following the energisation of a circuit.
• Do not disturb plant during measurements either mechanically (e.g. by shaking

or striking it), electrically (e.g. by increasing the voltage) or physically (e.g. by
applying heat).
• Do not operate the instrument or its accessories in an explosive atmosphere.
• Mains supply voltages are present within the battery charger.
• This unit contains no user serviceable parts, always return to EA Technology or

your local distributor for service and repair.
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2 Operational Note
When using TEV based instruments the following points should be noted:
1) Care must be taken where work is performed in tight corners, where the proximity
of other earth planes will affect the reading. If possible maintain a distance of
more than 30cm from metal work which runs perpendicular to the sensor
faceplate.
2) Strong electromagnetic fields from mobile phones, RF transmitters, VDUs and

un-screened electronics in the frequency range DC to 1GHz can have an effect
on the readings. A measure of local fields can be obtained by holding the
UltraTEV Locator in free-air at least 1 metre away from any conducting surface.
If you have any specific requirement or operating conditions then please contact:
instruments@eatechnology.com.
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3 Non-Intrusive Detection of Partial Discharge Activity
3.1 General
Partial discharges are electric discharges that do not completely bridge the
electrodes. The magnitude of such discharges is usually small; however, they do
cause progressive deterioration of insulation that may lead to eventual failure.
Non-intrusive partial discharge detection provides a fast and simple to use method
for identifying potential sources of insulation failure that could otherwise result in the
loss of supply to customers or the endangering of staff or other personnel.
A partial discharge emits energy in the following ways:
Electromagnetic:
• Radio
• Light
• Heat
Acoustic:
• Audio
• Ultrasonic
Gases:
• Ozone
• Nitrous oxides
The most practical techniques for non-intrusive testing are based on the detection of
the radio frequency part of the electromagnetic spectrum and ultrasonic emissions.
3.2 Airborne Ultrasonic Discharge Activity
Acoustic emission from partial discharge activity occurs over the whole acoustic
spectra. Audible detection is possible but depends on the hearing ability of the
individual. Using an instrument to detect the ultrasonic part of the acoustic spectra
has several advantages. Instruments are more sensitive than the human ear, are
not operator dependent and operating above the audible frequency, are more
directional.
The most sensitive method of detection is using an airborne ultrasonic microphone

centred at 40 kHz. This method is very successful at detecting partial discharge
activity provided there is an air passage between the source and the microphone.
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3.3 Electromagnetic Discharge Activity
When partial discharge activity occurs within high voltage switchgear insulation it
generates electromagnetic waves in the radio frequency range which can only
escape from the inside of the switchgear through openings in the metal casing.
These openings may be air gaps around covers, or gaskets, or other insulating
components. When the electromagnetic wave propagates outside the switchgear it
also impinges on the metal casing of the switchgear producing a transient voltage in
the external metal cladding of the switchgear. The Transient Earth Voltage (TEV) is
a few millivolts to a few volts and lasts only a short time with a rise time of a few
nanoseconds.
The partial discharge activity may be detected non-intrusively by placing a probe on

the outside of the switchgear whilst the switchgear is in service.
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4 The Partial Discharge Range of Equipment
The range consists of the UltraTEV Detector, UltraTEV Plus+, UltraMet Plus+,
PD Locator (PDL1), UltraTEV Alarm, PD Monitor (PDM03CF), PD Monitor Plus+,
UltraTEV Locator and UltraTEV Monitor.
UltraTEV Detector
The UltraTEV Detector is an easy to use
hand-held instrument which combines
ultrasonic and Transient Earth Voltage
(TEV) detection. The instrument is
capable of early detection of both surface
and internal partial discharge in electrical
switchgear. The UltraTEV Detector can
be used as part of a Condition Monitoring
regime and also as a personal Safety
Tool.
The UltraTEV Plus+ is the ultimate hand UltraTEV Plus+

held instrument for the detection and
measurement of partial discharge in
switchgear. Both TEV and surface
discharges can be detected and are
displayed as numerical values on a
colour screen. The instrument also has
the ability to display the number of PD
pulses per cycle, severity levels,
maximum levels for internal discharges,
and a numerical value for ultrasonic
emissions, which can be heard with the
supplied headphones.
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PD Locator The PD Locator can be used in single

probe mode for TEV magnitude
measurements, or double probe mode to
accurately locate the source of PD
activity using the time of flight technique.
The PD Locator can measure PD
magnitude over a large range with high
accuracy and is the benchmark
instrument for the assessment of partial
discharge activity.
The UltraTEV Alarm provides substation UltraTEV Alarm

monitoring of TEV and ultrasonic activity
and gives an alarm indication locally and
remotely if there is any significant activity
above the UltraTEV alarm levels. The
UltraTEV Alarm can have multiple nodes
connected to allow full substation
coverage. The system also reports on
relative humidity and temperature within
the substation, when the GPRS
communication option is chosen.
The PD Monitor is a twelve-channel

instrument capable of monitoring
discharge activity of a switchboard for a
PD Monitor week or more and recording the results.
Due to its sophisticated time of flight
circuits this instrument is particularly
effective where high background activity
is present as it will screen out
interference sources. The PD Monitor is
also useful for detection of intermittent
discharge activity, which is often missed
when carrying out a survey with, for
instance, the UltraTEV Detector or
UltraTEV Plus+.
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The PD Monitor Plus+ provides PD Monitor Plus+

permanent and semi-permanent
substation monitoring. It has all of the
capabilities of the PD Monitor and can
have up to 255 nodes attached. This
provides the ultimate in TEV detection
and location with full analysis available,
over the internet, from anywhere in the
world, providing continuous monitoring of
critical assets.
UltraTEV Locator The all-new UltraTEV Locator has all of

the capabilities of the PD Locator and
more, in a powerful compact package. It
can be used to accurately locate the
source of PD activity using the time of
flight technique. The PD Locator can
measure PD magnitude over a large
range with high accuracy and is an
essential instrument for the assessment
of partial discharge activity.
The all-new UltraTEV Monitor provides UltraTEV Monitor

permanent and semi-permanent
substation monitoring. It is the most
powerful and versatile system ever
developed for monitoring Partial
Discharge (PD) activity in HV and MV
substation assets. It is capable of
monitoring PD activity in up to 250
substation assets simultaneously,
including measurement and analysis.
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5 UltraTEV Locator Overview
External Sensor
Front Panel
Touch-screen
Display
On/Off Button
TEV Function TEV Function

Checker Checker
Photo
Reference
50/60Hz
CH2 TEV
Sensor with
Dual Probes Magnetic
Attachment
CH1 TEV CH1 Ultrasonic

Sensor Sensor
5.1 Charging the Unit
Before first use, the unit should be fully charged. Full charging takes approximately
7 hours, however, if the unit is already partially charged this time will be reduced.
The unit automatically stops charging once the battery is full. The charging status is
indicated by the LED next to the charger socket.
• If the LED is off, there is no power from the charger

• If the LED is red, the battery is being charged
• If the LED is green, the charging is complete
• The UltraTEV Locator can be left switched on during charging, however, this will
increase the charging time
• Do not take measurements with the unit whilst the charger is plugged in
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5.2 Turning the Unit On/Off
Push to turn the unit on. After approximately 15 seconds the EA Technology
Logo will appear on screen. To turn the unit off, push .
5.3 System Information Screen
After the logo screen, the system information screen is displayed. To skip the
system information screen tap the touch screen.
The system information screen displays the following information:
• Model Number – The model number

• Control S/W Version – The current control software version
• User Interface Version – The current user interface software version
• Serial Number – The serial number of the unit
• Calibration Due – The calibration due date of the unit.
(The unit should be calibrated annually)
The system information screen can also be viewed by selecting: Info from the
SETTINGS screen.
5.4 Main Menu
After the system information screen, the main menu is displayed, as shown below:
Menu items are selected by tapping the touch screen.
• TEV – The TEV measurement screens

• ULTRASONIC – The Ultrasonic measurement screen
• CABLE PD – The Cable PD measurement screen
• TEMPERATURE – The Temperature measurement screen
• FILE BROWSER – The File Browser screen
• SETTINGS – Allows a user to change settings for the various modes
and to view the system information
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5.5 Setting up the Unit
The UltraTEV Locator is preset with default settings in the factory and is ready to
take measurements immediately. Some users may wish to modify the settings
according to their preferences or procedures.
From the main menu, select SETTINGS using the touch screen. The available
settings appear in a list under various headings. The list can be scrolled up and
down using the arrows on the right of the touch screen:
• TEV Settings – Settings for the TEV measurement screens

• Ultrasonic Settings – Settings for the Ultrasonic measurement screen
• Cable PD Settings – Settings for the Cable PD screen
• Temperature Settings – Settings for the Temperature measurement screen
• System Settings – System preferences settings
In addition to these settings, there are a number of buttons along the bottom of
the screen: Info, -, +, Defaults, Save, Menu.
Info – View the system information screen that is displayed at start up

- – Decreases a setting
+ – Increases a setting
Defaults – Resets the settings to their factory defaults
Save – Saves the setting configurations
Menu – Returns to the Main Menu
5.5.1 Adjusting Settings
In the SETTINGS screen, use the arrows on the right side of the screen to display
the setting to be modified. To select the setting, highlight the value by tapping the
touch screen, then change the value using the - and + buttons. Once the setting has
been changed to the desired value, press the Save button to save the new
configuration.
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5.5.2 TEV Settings
• Red Threshold – Sets the red ‘traffic light’ threshold (default 29dB)
• Amber Threshold – Sets the amber ‘traffic light’ threshold (default 20dB)
• Trigger Buzzer – Turns the ‘trigger buzzer’ on or off
5.5.3 Ultrasonic Settings
• Red Threshold – Sets the red ‘traffic light’ threshold (default 6dB)
• Gain – Adjusts the measurement gain, higher gains allow
measurement of smaller signals (default 100dB)
• Recording Length – Sets the duration of the sound recording (default 10
seconds)
5.5.4 Cable PD Settings
• Red Threshold – Sets the red ‘traffic light’ threshold (default 20,000pC)
• Amber Threshold – Sets the amber ‘traffic light’ threshold (default
3,000pC)
5.5.5 Temperature Settings
• Red Threshold – Sets the red ‘traffic light’ threshold (default 35ºC)
• Amber Threshold – Sets the amber ‘traffic light’ threshold (default 30ºC)
5.5.6 System Settings
• Day – The current Day of the week

• Month – The current Month
• Year – The current Year
• Hour – The Hour of the time of day
• Minute – The Minute of the time of day
• Button Buzzer - Turns the ‘button buzzer’ on or off
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5.6 File Browser
The file browser is accessed either via the main menu or the browse button when
saving measurement data. The file browser provides an explorer style view of the
measurement data stored on the device and allows this data to be copied to an
external USB memory stick. All data is stored in a specific folder structure consisting
of a base study name and an equipment name. When transferring files to a USB
stick, all folder structures are preserved.
In the file browser screen, the current level in relation to the root can be seen at all
times across the top of the screen. To change level, use the ‘Back’ and ‘Select’
buttons. Select a folder from the list and then click on the ‘Select’ button to go to
that folder. Click on the ‘Back’ button to return to the previous folder.
Clicking on the ‘Delete’ button will delete the selection from the internal disk and any
data below that in the folder structure. For example, deleting a study will delete the
study and any equipment within that study along, with each of the files for each piece
of equipment.
To copy data to an external USB memory stick, first ensure that a compatible USB
stick has been inserted in the USB port on the rear of the device. The screen
caption will indicate if a USB device has been detected. Data can be copied at any
of the folder levels. Similarly to the delete function, copying a study will also copy all
of the underlying equipment folders and the files contained with each of those.
Selecting a single file from an equipment folder will copy the single file, although the
folder structure will be preserved on the USB device.
The file browser also has the provision for the creation of folders. Clicking the
‘Create’ button will create a new folder (providing a valid name is entered and the
user does not cancel the input), at the current selected level.
5.7 Scrolling
A number of screens incorporate the ability to scroll down the page using the scroll-
bar on the right hand side of the screen. Scrolling can be achieved either by
pressing the appropriate arrows or ‘thumbing’ the scroll bar in the direction required.
The latter option is akin to actually scrolling the page with your thumb.
5.8 Text Input
On occasions where user text input is necessary, an on-screen keyboard will be

displayed. Touching the text (when the keyboard is displayed) will move the cursor
or highlight the text as desired. To finish typing and save the text click on the button
marked ‘Done’. Clicking the ‘Back’ button will cancel the changes and return to the
previous screen. As well as the standard alpha-numeric characters, there is a set of
standard symbols and punctuation characters accessed by pressing the function
button labelled ‘Fn’.
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5.9 Saving Measurement Data
All measurement data can be saved to a file for later analysis. Data is saved in the
universal XML format which can be viewed in any text editor or web browser. This
data format can also be imported into applications such as Microsoft Excel. All data
must be given a study and equipment name, this information is stored within the data
file and also provides the folder structure within which the files exist. To pick an
existing study/equipment name, click on the ‘Browse’ button. This will bring up the
file explorer screen where the study and equipment can be selected.
When saving measurement data, the instantaneous readings when the ‘Save’ button
is pressed are saved. The exception to this is the ultrasonic audio recording, this will
start recording when the ‘Save’ button is pressed on the save screen not the
ultrasonic screen. A slight delay will then occur as the system records the audio.
5.10 TEV Measurement Screens
Pressing the TEV button on the touch screen will select the TEV measurement
screens. There are a number of different screens to select and the screen used in
the previous session will appear initially. The screens available are:
• TEV – Continuous
• TEV – Continuous Pulse Mode
• TEV – Dual Probe
• TEV – Discharge Pattern
• TEV – Pulse Count Histogram
By default after start up, the TEV – Continuous screen will appear.
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5.11 TEV – Continuous
This screen displays the readings from Channel 1 in a continuous display that is
updated every second. This screen is shown below.
Battery
State
Measurement
Mode Maximum
Reading
TEV Reading
Historic Traffic Light

Display Display
• Measurement Mode – Informs the user which mode is currently selected

• TEV Reading – Shows the current measured TEV level in dB
• Historic Reading – Shows the last 15 measured values on a scrolling
histogram, colour coded as per the traffic light indicator
• Traffic Light Display – Shows the status of the current TEV level as either,
Green, Amber, or Red, and is determined in the settings menu. The default
settings are the same as the UltraTEV Detector (less than 20 dB = green, 20 -
29 dB = amber, and greater than 29dB = red)
• Maximum Reading – the maximum reading obtained since entering this
mode or the maximum being reset
In addition to this information, there are a number of buttons along the bottom of the
screen: Reset, Mode, Back, Save, and Menu.
Reset – Resets the maximum reading

Mode – Moves to the next TEV screen
Back – Moves to the previous TEV screen
Save – Saves the current readings
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5.12 TEV – Continuous Pulse Mode
This screen displays the more advanced information about the TEV levels detected
from Channel 1. This is a continuous display that is updated every second as shown
below.
• TEV Reading – Shows the current measured TEV level in dB. This is colour
coded as per the traffic light indicator
• Pulses – Shows the pulse count over a 2 second period. The UltraTEV
Locator measures pulses over half a second and multiplies this by 4 to
provide a comparable readout to the MiniTEV and UltraTEV Plus+
• P/Cycle – Shows the pulses per cycle based on either a 50Hz mains
frequency reference signal
• Severity – Shows the short term severity, this is calculated by TEV magnitude
(mV) multiplied by the number of pulses per cycle
screen: Mode, Back, Save, Menu.

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5.13 TEV – Dual Probe
This screen activates the instrument in Dual Probe mode where both TEV probes
are active. In addition to dual TEV levels, precedence information is also displayed.
• Channel 1 TEV level – use the + and - buttons on the left to increase or
decrease the TEV trigger level shown as a large number
• Channel 2 TEV level – use the + and - buttons on the right to increase or
decrease the TEV trigger level shown as a large number
• Channel 1 Trigger – This is indicated by a green rectangle below the TEV
level and shows whether the UltraTEV Locator is triggering on Channel 1 at
the current TEV level
• Channel 2 Trigger – This is indicated by a green rectangle below the TEV
level and shows whether the UltraTEV Locator is triggering on Channel 2 at
the current TEV level
• Channel 1 First – This is indicated by a red rectangle below the Trigger
indication and appears when Channel 1 is triggered before Channel 2
• Channel 2 First – This is indicated by a red rectangle below the Trigger
indication and appears when Channel 2 is triggered before Channel 1
• Trigger Level – This indicates the trigger used for the precedence indication
and is either Auto or Manual
The precedence information displayed on the ‘First’ indicators is used to locate the
source of the discharge signal.
On both sides of the screen there are three buttons: +, Auto, -.
+ – Increases the TEV trigger level

Auto – Takes an automatic measurement of the TEV level. This button is
highlighted when the measurement is being taken
- – Decreases the TEV trigger level
The buttons on the left side of the screen control Channel 1, the left probe, and the
buttons on the right side of the screen control Channel 2, the right probe.
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In addition to these functions, there are a number of buttons along the bottom of the
screen: Auto / Manual, Test, Reset, Mode, Back, Save, Menu.
Auto / Manual – Toggles the precedence trigger from Auto to Manual

Test – Activates the test pulse at the sides of the instrument
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5.14 TEV – Discharge Pattern
This screen displays the discharge pattern on a mains cycle time base (20 milli-
seconds) for Channel 1. To use this feature, the 50Hz mains reference source must
be connected to the instrument or the photo sensor must be able to pick up a
reference from mains powered lights. The time base is split up into forty slots and
will indicate if a trigger has been detected in this slot over the update period. The
display is then updated every second.
• To adjust the TEV level, use the ‘+’ and ‘-’ buttons on the right to increase or
decrease the TEV trigger level shown in the centre of the screen
• The discharge pattern on a mains cycle is shown beneath the trigger level; the
horizontal axis represents the time base and is marked at 0, 90, 180, 270 and
360 degrees. Triggers are shown as vertical lines along the time base
On the right hand side of the screen there are two buttons: + and -.
+ – Increases the TEV trigger level

- – Decreases the TEV trigger level
screen: Mode, Back, Save, Menu.

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5.15 TEV Pulse Count Histogram
This screen displays a histogram to TEV pulse magnitude on the x axis against pulse
per cycle on the y axis.
This screen can be useful to identify more than one discharge at different levels and
different pulse rates. In particular a high pulse rate discharge can be masked by a
lower rate higher magnitude discharge.
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5.16 Ultrasonic – Internal Probe
The Ultrasonic Measurement screen is shown below:
• The ultrasonic reading is displayed in dB microvolts (dBμV)

• The ‘traffic light’ display indicates if the reading is above the threshold set in
the Ultrasonic Settings menu. The default value is the same as the
UltraTEV Detector, i.e. > 6dB = RED
• The gain can be adjusted from 60 to 100 dB in 20dB steps using the ‘G-’ and
‘G+’ buttons at the bottom of the screen. If an arrow pointing up appears next
to the gain value, increase the gain setting to improve the accuracy of the
reading. If an arrow pointing down is displayed, decrease the gain
accordingly
• The volume of the heterodyne signal supplied to the headphones can be
adjusted by sliding the scroll bar to the level required
• The filter frequency can be set to either 25kHz or 40kHz depending on the
external sensor being used. The filter frequency can be changed using the
‘Mode’ button at the bottom of the screen
screen: G-, G+, Mode, Save, Menu.
G- – Decreases the gain

G+ – Increases the gain
Mode – Changes the filter frequency
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5.17 Cable PD
The Cable PD measurement screen is shown below:
• PD Reading – Shows the current measured discharge level in pC

• Historic Reading – Shows the last 15 measured values on a scrolling
histogram, colour coded as per the traffic lights
• Traffic Light Display – Shows the status of the current discharge level as
Green, Amber, or Red, and determined by the settings
• Maximum Reading – the maximum reading obtained since entering this
mode or the maximum being reset
screen: Reset, Save, Menu.

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5.18 Temperature
The temperature measurement screen is shown below. To use this feature the non-
contact temperature sensor must be connected to the instrument.
• Temperature Reading – Shows the current temperature on the non-

contact temperature sensor in degrees Celsius
• Traffic Light Display – Shows the current temperature as Green,
Amber, or Red, determined by the settings
• Maximum Reading – Shows the maximum reading obtained since
entering this mode or the maximum being reset
• Pressure - Shows the ambient barometric pressure in
millibars
• Dew Point - Shows the dew point associated with the
ambient temperature and humidity
• Ambient Temperature – Shows the ambient temperature around the
instrument in degrees Celsius
• Humidity – Shows the relative humidity around the
instrument as a percentage
screen: Reset, Save, Menu.

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6 Function Checker
UltraTEV Locator is supplied with built in function checkers. The purpose of these is
to verify the UltraTEV Locator is operational before taking a measurement on any
switchgear. Note: It is not intended to check the calibration of the instrument.
The function checker consists of two plates, one on either side of the instrument
located behind the label marked ‘probe test point’. A test pulse can be applied to
the plates in order to confirm the operation of the instrument.
To check whether the UltraTEV Locator is operating correctly, switch the instrument
on and select the TEV – Dual Probe screen. Connect both probes to the instrument
and activate the test pulse by tapping ‘Test’ at the bottom of the screen. Place the
probes firmly against the sides of the instrument and adjust the levels on both probes
to achieve a consistent trigger on both channels. The trigger level should be
approximately 38dB ± 4dB with one channel triggering first. Note due to the signal
paths when two probes are used the magnitudes will vary from those measured with
only one probe. If the probes are then swapped over, the opposite channel should
trigger first.
Switch off the test pulse with the ‘Test’ button.
It is recommended that the UltraTEV Locator is checked before each use.
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7 TEV Measurement Procedure
7.1 Background Noise
Electromagnetic signals from external sources can also induce transient earth
voltages on the outside of the switchgear. These sources may be overhead line
insulators, transformer bushings, strong radio signals, and even traffic on a nearby
Motorway. These sources subsequently produce TEV signals on metalwork that is
not connected to the switchgear, such as metal substation doors or fencing. This
background noise must therefore be measured on such surfaces before any
measurements are made on the switchgear. If the background noise is <10dB then
the UltraTEV Locator pulse counter is not incremented and will read zero.
Measure the background noise level on a piece of metalwork that is not part of or
connected to the switchgear, (e.g. a metal door, a metal fence). Record three
consecutive dB values and counts on the metalwork and then take the mean
amplitude reading as the background measurement.
7.2 Making a Magnitude Measurement
Switch the instrument on and select ‘TEV’ on the touch screen and then put the
instrument into TEV – Continuous mode using the buttons on screen. Connect a
probe to Channel 1. To take a measurement hold the TEV probe squarely in contact
with the metalwork on which the measurement is to be taken (preferably keeping the
probe body away from neighbouring metalwork as shown below). The unit will
display the TEV reading on the screen and the historic readings on the scrolling
histogram.
Correct Incorrect
Other single probe modes available include:
TEV – Continuous Pulse Mode

TEV – PDL Mode
TEV – Discharge Pattern
Page 26 of 42 Tel +44(0)151 339 4181
Measurements on switchgear are made at the centre of each component of each

panel e.g. cable box, CT chamber, busbar chamber, circuit breaker or VT. The
position of the circuit breakers or other MV/HV switches should be recorded,
because if these are in the off position, certain components will not be energised and
therefore readings will not be valid on such components.
Record the first set of readings at each switch position unless the measurement
amplitude is greater than 10dB above the background, and greater than 20dB, 50
counts. If this is the case, record three consecutive sets of readings.
7.2.1 Notes on Amplitude Measurements
1. At least one measurement should be made per panel on an extensible type

switchboard. If signals of significant magnitude are detected on a panel, further
measurements should be made to establish where the signal strength is a maximum.
2. Measurements on cable sealing ends (i.e. where a cable is terminated for

connection to an overhead line, or to plant with exposed high voltage conductors)
should normally be made with the probe about 1.5m above ground level.
3. As the magnitude of TEV signals reduces rapidly with distance travelled, a rough
location of a discharge site will be given by the position of the largest signal. Within 5
metres of the site however, local maxima can occur due to constructive interference
between the signal and its reflections.
4. For more accurate measurements, the discharge site should be located by

comparing the arrival times of the transients at different points. This is achieved by
using the UltraTEV Locator in the double probe mode as described in following
section.
Page 27 of 42 Tel +44(0)151 339 4181
7.3 Locating Partial Discharge Sites
Before attempting to use the UltraTEV Locator on items of plant, operators should
familiarise themselves with the equipment. The following text assumes that the
operator is familiar with the functions of the controls on the instrument.
7.3.1 Locating Partial Discharge Sites
1. Set the instrument to TEV – Duel Probe mode. Place the probes on the test
specimen at least 600mm apart and press the 'Auto' buttons on both probes.
2. On completion of the auto magnitude measurement ‘Trigger’ should flash

simultaneously under both readings and the leading channel should be indicated by
‘First’ on screen. Note: To obtain satisfactory triggering, it may be necessary to
reduce the attenuator settings by a few dB's. Moving the probes should quickly
establish where the discharge source is located.
7.3.2 Notes on Location Measurements
When locating discharges, it is important that the operator takes into consideration
the possible signal paths. For example, when tests are made on cable sealing ends,
the external TEV mode signals always travel along the outside of the cable sheath
away from the termination regardless of whether the discharge source is in the
sealing bell or in the cable.
This is a consequence of the high frequency skin effect that restricts high frequency
currents to a thin layer on the surface of conductors. The signals cannot travel
through the thickness of the cable sheath. Instead they must travel to the base of the
sealing bell before transferring to the outside of the cable sheath and travelling back,
along the outside of the cable, to ground.
7.3.3 Identification of Discharge Sources
The various types of discharge site exhibit characteristic patterns of behaviour in

terms of signal amplitude and time of occurrence relative to the phase of the high
voltage supply. The TEV – Discharge Pattern mode can be used to help identify the
discharge type. It must be noted that the phase relationship between the mains
reference signal and the discharge source in general will not be known, therefore the
assessment must be made on the pattern.
Tests for discharges in cable sealing ends can be frustrated by corona discharges
from sharp projections on components such as arcing horns and conductor clamps.
If the discharges are found to occur repeatedly, in quick succession, around the peak
negative voltage of the high voltage supply, and nowhere else during the cycle, and
the discharges are all of similar amplitude, this is indicative of corona from a sharp
projection on a component at high voltage. If the discharges occur around the
Page 28 of 42 Tel +44(0)151 339 4181
positive peak, the corona is associated with a sharp projection on the 'earthy' side of
a discharge gap. If the absolute phase is not known, it will not be possible to
distinguish between these two options but the presence of a corona source will still
be apparent. If these are the only discharges detected, no further tests need be
made and the circuit can remain in service.
Discharges between two insulating surfaces (e.g. in a void within the insulation)
generally show considerable variation in amplitude between events. They occur in
two parts of the cycle starting before each zero voltage crossing and finishing just
before the ensuing voltage maximum. Within these time slots, their occurrences can
be fairly random. The behaviour is similar for both time slots.
Discharges between an insulating and a metallic surface (e.g. at a poorly fitting

electrode) exhibit similar characteristics but there is asymmetry between the positive
and negative going time slots. Discharges between two metallic surfaces (e.g.
between the earth foil of a capacitor bushing and its connecting plug) are, generally
larger in amplitude and more regular in terms of amplitude and timing.
If one side of the discharge site has a small external radius and the other is relatively
flat (e.g. a piece of metallic swarf adjacent to, but not in electrical contact with, the
chamber of a gas insulated switchboard or, at the edge of a stress grading foil in a
capacitor bushing), the discharges exhibit strong asymmetry between the positive
and negative going cycles.
A poor electrical contact is easily recognised because it generates a large number of

discharges when the current is a maximum. This is most likely to occur when the
item under test is being energised from a test transformer. Note: The item under test
will normally be reactive and so the current will be a maximum around the voltage
zeros.
7.3.4 Testing Plant Which Can be Racked Out
A problem can occur in identifying the source of discharges when testing plant which
can be racked out, such as circuit breakers, voltage transformers, etc. If discharges
are found on this type of plant, it is possible to arrange for the item to be isolated by
racking it out to determine whether the discharges are in the plant item or are coming
from the busbar chamber. In particular, it may be necessary to determine whether a
discharge site is in the plug bushing of the circuit breaker or the orifice bushing of the
busbar chamber.
A discharge site in the orifice bushing may remain active if the plug bushing is
withdrawn and it might therefore be expected that the level of discharge on the
busbar chamber would be unaffected when the circuit breaker is racked out if the
source is in the orifice bushing. However, this is not the case.
When the plug bushing is disconnected from the orifice bushing, there is no central
conductor at the outer end of the orifice bushing. A short length of circular wave-
guide will therefore be created which will appear as an open circuit to all signals
below it's cut off frequency.
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The effect of this is to reflect internal discharges generated in the orifice bushing
back into the bushing, preventing them from being detected externally. It will
therefore appear that the discharge source is in the circuit breaker as the discharge
on the busbar will have disappeared. If this situation occurs, it will be necessary to
carry out separate HV tests using a test transformer to energise the circuit breaker
under standard HV test safety procedures.
Page 30 of 42 Tel +44(0)151 339 4181
8 Ultrasonic Measurement Procedure
Ultrasonic activity above the background levels may be a significant indication of

partial discharge. Genuine discharge can be identified by a crackling sound (similar
to a sizzling frying pan), through the headphones.
Turn on the unit and select Ultra Mode from the menu. Plug in the supplied
headphones and adjust the volume. The reading will continuously update on screen.
A measurement of the background noise should be taken within the substation. This
is done by pointing the probe away from any direct ultrasonic sources, such as
switchgear and fluorescent lighting, and taking a measurement. Record three
consecutive sets of readings and take the mean amplitude reading as the
background measurement.
To survey the switchgear, point the ultrasonic sensor towards any air gaps,
particularly breaker spouts, air filled cable boxes, VT and busbar chambers. Set the
gain to maximum initially and reduce the gain if the readings are too high.
Note: appropriate safety distances must be maintained at all times.
To convert from dBµV to dB SPL (sound pressure level) subtract 19dB from the
reading.
Page 31 of 42 Tel +44(0)151 339 4181
9 Accessories
9.1 Ultrasonic Contact Probe
The Ultrasonic Contact Probe is provided

to enable discharges to be detected in
enclosed areas where there is no direct
air path from the discharge source to the
sensor. The Probe connects to the
external sensor connector and is
clamped on to the area or interest using
the magnets surrounding the sensor
plate. The probe will detect discharge
sources inside the enclosed area by
detecting the energy transmitted to the
enclosure. Care must be taken to
eliminate other sources that could cause
the signals from discharges to be
masked, e.g. accidental movement of the
probe itself.
9.2 Flexible Sensor
The Flexible Sensor provides a means of

reaching inaccessible parts on the
switchgear. The sensor is mounted at
the end of a flexible goose-neck which
allows the angle of the sensor to the
handle to be adjusted. This allows the
user to make measurements where it
would be difficult to use the built in
sensor and still be able to read the
display.
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9.3 UltraDish
The UltraDish provides a means of

detecting discharge sources at a
distance. It comprises a transparent
parabolic reflector that focuses the
ultrasonic sound on to a sensor mounted
at the focus point of the reflector. The
UltraDish gives an effective increase in
gain compared to the built in sensor.
The UltraDish can be aimed at the target
by using either the optical sight or the
built in laser pointer activated by a switch
on the handle.
Page 33 of 42 Tel +44(0)151 339 4181
10 Guide to Interpretation of UltraTEV Locator TEV Readings
TEV Reading Conclusion
1. High background reading, i.e. greater (a) High levels of background noise can
than 20dB. mask discharges within the switchgear
(b) Possibly due to an external influence.
If possible remove the external source
and re-test alternatively re-survey
using the PD Monitor to identify any
discharges in switchgear.
2. If all the readings on the switchgear No significant discharging. Re-survey

and the background reference are less annually.
than 20dB.
3. For switchgear readings greater than Strong possibility of internal discharge

10dB above the background and if the activity within the switchgear.
reading is greater than 20dB (absolute),
i.e. not 20dB above the background level, Recommend further testing using the
and is more than 50 counts. PD Locator or PD Monitor.
4. For readings with a count rate greater There may be transmitted background
than 1000. electromagnetic activity in the region. If
the readings are greater than 20dB then it
is recommended that a PD Monitor be
installed to identify external
electromagnetic activity.
A high count rate may be caused by

surface discharges. If this is the case,
ultrasonic emissions will be present which
can be detected with the UltraTEV
Locator, provided an air path is present.
Page 34 of 42 Tel +44(0)151 339 4181
11 Relating TEV Reading (in dB) to Discharge Magnitude (in pC)
Conventional Partial Discharge detection according to IEC60270, measures the

apparent charge transfer from the high voltage conductor system when a discharge
occurs. Thus the discharge magnitudes are normally expressed in pico-coulombs
(pC). At the detection frequencies used by conventional PD detectors (typically 10 -
300 kHz), all items of high voltage plant, with the exception of long cables, can be
considered to be lumped capacitors.
The TEV measurement works over the frequency range 3 - 100MHz. At these
frequencies high voltage power plant items behave similarly to transmission lines
rather than capacitors. The area under the voltage/time curve would be proportional
to the charge transfer during the discharge process.
TEV sensors measure the peak voltage of the detected transient, rather than the
area under the curve. Therefore, it does not measure the charge directly.
Furthermore, it is the peak of the wave detected on the external surface of the metal-
cladding that is measured and this will be a fraction of that within the cladding.
As the pulse travels along the external surfaces of the metal-cladding it disperses,
i.e. spreads out. This has the effect of reducing the peak amplitude whilst
maintaining the area under the curve. Therefore, the further away from the
discharge source the pulse is detected, the greater the attenuation.
Clearly the relation between dB and pC is dependent on many factors, most of which
are difficult to quantify.
Some recent laboratory tests undertaken by an independent party, and field

measurements undertaken by EA Technology, on various system components,
combining both conventional discharge detection and TEV measurements, yielded
the results detailed in the tables on pages 36 and 37.
11.1 Surface Discharges
The most successful way of detecting surface discharges is using ultrasonic

techniques. Surface discharges produce very low TEV signals compared to internal
discharges. In addition, the electromagnetic signals produced by surface discharges
are lower in frequency than the operating band of the TEV instruments. This is due
to the slower rise times of the waveforms. In many cases the signals will not be
picked up by TEV only instruments as they will be lower than the ambient noise
levels.
Page 35 of 42 Tel +44(0)151 339 4181
Table 1 dB-pC guidance for 25kV close to termination
TEV Reading PD Conventional

(dB) Measurement (pC)
0 32
5 56
10 100
15 178
20 316
25 560
30 1,000
35 1,780
40 3,160
45 5,600
50 10,000
55 17,800
60 31,600
Table 2 gives some empirical results for a phase to earth discharge in a compound-
filled 11kV cable end box.
Table 2 dB-pC guidance for compound-filled 11kV distribution cable end box

0 100
5 178
10 316
15 562
20 1,000
25 1,780
30 3,160
35 5,620
40 10,000
45 17,800
50 31,600
55 56,200
60 100,000
Page 36 of 42 Tel +44(0)151 339 4181
Table 3 gives some empirical results for a phase to earth discharge in a SRBP
bushing in an Oil Circuit Breaker.
Table 3 dB-pC guidance for SRBP Bushing in Oil Circuit Breaker

0 134
5 239
10 423
15 753
20 1,340
25 2,390
30 4,230
35 7,530
40 13,400
45 23,900
50 42,300
55 75,300
60 134,000
Table 4 gives some empirical results for an internal discharge in a Cast Resin CT at
11kV.
Table 4 dB-pC guidance for Cast Resin CT at 11kV

0 224
5 399
10 708
15 1,260
20 2,240
25 3,990
30 7,080
35 12,600
40 22,400
45 39,990
50 70,800
55 126,000
60 224,000
It must be stressed that the tables above should only be used as a rough guide.
Whilst it is generally correct that increasing pC levels equates to increasing dB
levels, factors such as the source of the discharge activity and the attenuation path
all have significant influence on calibrating results.
Page 37 of 42 Tel +44(0)151 339 4181
12 Instrument Specification
12.1 TEV Measurements
Sensor: Capacitive
Measurement Range: 0 – 60dBmV
Resolution: 1dB
Accuracy: ±1dB
Max Number of Pulses/Cycle: 655
Min Pulse Rate: 10Hz
12.2 Ultrasonic Measurements
Measurement Range: -7dBµV to 68 dBµV

Resolution: 1dB
Accuracy: ±1dB
Transducer Sensitivity: -65dB (0dB = 1volt/µbar rms SPL)
Transducer Centre Frequency: 40 kHz
Transducer Diameter: 16mm
Heterodyning Frequency: 38.4 kHz
12.3 Cable Pd Measurements
Sensor: RFCT
Measurement Range: 0 – 25,000pC
Resolution: 98pC
Accuracy: 98pC
Min Pulse Rate: 10Hz
12.3 Hardware
Enclosure: Self-coloured injection moulded plastic case

Indicators: Colour back-lit LCD
Charging indicator LED
Controls: Membrane keypad
Connectors: TEV/Ultrasonic Lemo mixed socket
TEV Lemo mixed socket
Cable PD BNC socket
External Ultrasonic sensor Lemo multipole socket
Non-contact temperature sensor Lemo multipole
socket
3.5mm stereo headphone socket
USB 1.1 port
2.1mm 18V Charger Input
1.3mm 9V AC mains reference input
Headphones: Min. 8 ohms
Page 38 of 42 Tel +44(0)151 339 4181
12.4 Environmental
Operating Temperature: 0 – 55 degrees C

Humidity: 0 – 90 % RH non-condensing
IP Rating: 30
12.5 Dimensions
Size: 240mm x 140mm x 140mm

Weight: 1.7kg
12.6 Power Supplies
Internal Batteries: 3.7V 13.6Ah Lithium-Ion

Typical Operating Time: approx. 5 hours
Battery Conservation: Automatic ‘switch off’ when low battery voltage
detected.
12.7 Battery Charger
Rated Voltage: 90 – 264V AC

Frequency: 47 - 63Hz
Charging Voltage: 18V DC
Charging Current: 2500 mA
Time for Full Charge: 7 hours
Dimensions: 74mm x 44mm x 34 mm
Weight: 0.12 kg
Operating Temperature: 0 - 40 degrees C
Humidity: 20 – 85% RH non-condensing
Page 39 of 42 Tel +44(0)151 339 4181
Maintenance
It is important that the unit is kept clean and dry. It is not weatherproof. Avoid
storage in damp and humid conditions and do not subject it to temperature extremes,
excessive vibration or shocks. Do not stand on the case.
Internal, rechargeable batteries power the instrument.
No attempt should be made to gain access to the internal circuitry of the instrument,
or its accessories. Advice should be sought from the manufacturer, or the supplier, if
any doubt exists over the equipment's performance or operation.
The unit should be cleaned with a damp cloth. If more heavily soiled, a foam
cleanser may be used, provided care is taken not to allow fluid to enter the
instrument. Abrasive cleaners must not be used. Take care not to scratch the
plastic overlay of the front panel, especially in the area of the LCD window.
13 Calibration
The recommended calibration interval of 12 months is based on EA Technology’s
experience with this product.
Your application may require a different calibration interval dependant on the

frequency of use. The calibration interval should begin on the date the instrument is
placed in service. Proper storage prior to being placed in service will not affect the
recommended calibration interval.
14 Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive (WEEE)

EA Technology is a member of an approved compliance scheme as defined by the
WEEE directive. When the product reaches the end of its operational life it must be
recycled by a licensed waste management operator, or alternatively be returned to
EA Technology for recycling.
Page 40 of 42 Tel +44(0)151 339 4181
15 Warranty
EA Technology products are warranted against defects in material and workmanship

for twelve months from the date of shipment. The battery and accessories (charger,
cables, etc.) are guaranteed for a period of twelve months. During the warranty
period, EA Technology will, at its option, either repair or replace units that prove
defective.
For warranty service and repair, products should be returned to EA Technology at

the address above. It is the purchaser’s responsibility to return the faulty product to
EA Technology and is at their cost. Repaired/replacement products will be returned
at the cost of EA Technology.
The warranty shall not apply to defects caused by improper maintenance,

modification or misuse.
Warranty Extension
All registered products will receive an additional 12 months warranty free of charge.
To register your product visit: www.eatechnology.com/business/instruments
Note
EA Technology has a policy of continual product development and enhancement.

While every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of this document, there
may be minor variations between the details given and the equipment supplied.
EA Technology Ltd
Capenhurst Technology Park
Capenhurst
Chester
CH1 6ES
UK
Tel: +44 (0) 151 339 4181

Fax: +44 (0) 151 347 2139
Page 41 of 42 Tel +44(0)151 339 4181
16 Notes
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1 Safety Note ......................................................................................................... 3

10 Guide to Interpretation of UltraTEV Locator TEV Readings .......................... 34

The instrument is designed to detect partial discharge sources in Medium/High

• Maintain safety clearances between structures at high voltage and the

• Adhere strictly to local safety procedures.

• Do not make measurements immediately following the energisation of a circuit.

• Do not disturb plant during measurements either mechanically (e.g. by shaking

• Do not operate the instrument or its accessories in an explosive atmosphere.

• Mains supply voltages are present within the battery charger.

• This unit contains no user serviceable parts, always return to EA Technology or

2) Strong electromagnetic fields from mobile phones, RF transmitters, VDUs and

3 Non-Intrusive Detection of Partial Discharge Activity

A partial discharge emits energy in the following ways:

3.2 Airborne Ultrasonic Discharge Activity

The most sensitive method of detection is using an airborne ultrasonic microphone

3.3 Electromagnetic Discharge Activity

The partial discharge activity may be detected non-intrusively by placing a probe on

4 The Partial Discharge Range of Equipment

The UltraTEV Plus+ is the ultimate hand UltraTEV Plus+

PD Locator The PD Locator can be used in single

The UltraTEV Alarm provides substation UltraTEV Alarm

The PD Monitor is a twelve-channel

The PD Monitor Plus+ provides PD Monitor Plus+

UltraTEV Locator The all-new UltraTEV Locator has all of

The all-new UltraTEV Monitor provides UltraTEV Monitor

5 UltraTEV Locator Overview

TEV Function TEV Function

CH1 TEV CH1 Ultrasonic

• If the LED is off, there is no power from the charger

5.2 Turning the Unit On/Off

5.3 System Information Screen

The system information screen displays the following information:

• Model Number – The model number

5.4 Main Menu

Menu items are selected by tapping the touch screen.

• TEV – The TEV measurement screens

5.5 Setting up the Unit

• TEV Settings – Settings for the TEV measurement screens

Info – View the system information screen that is displayed at start up

5.5.1 Adjusting Settings

5.5.2 TEV Settings

5.5.3 Ultrasonic Settings

5.5.4 Cable PD Settings

5.5.5 Temperature Settings

5.5.6 System Settings

• Day – The current Day of the week

5.6 File Browser

5.8 Text Input

On occasions where user text input is necessary, an on-screen keyboard will be

5.9 Saving Measurement Data

5.10 TEV Measurement Screens

5.11 TEV – Continuous

Historic Traffic Light

• Measurement Mode – Informs the user which mode is currently selected

Reset – Resets the maximum reading

5.12 TEV – Continuous Pulse Mode

Mode – Moves to the next TEV screen

5.13 TEV – Dual Probe

On both sides of the screen there are three buttons: +, Auto, -.

+ – Increases the TEV trigger level

Auto / Manual – Toggles the precedence trigger from Auto to Manual