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How ICT Utilization Develops Collaborative Skills?

Cabonilas, Jade S.
Cabunilas, Jennie Lou T.
Gozo, Shara Jane P.

Collaboration is one of the 21st-century skills that is thought to be necessary for people
to immerse in the globally competitive world. This ability is seen to be essential for people to
adapt to and prosper to survive and meet the global and knowledge-based society. However,
can this skill still develop and enhance amidst technological advancement or not? Does ICT give
advantages in collaborative skills or not?

Technological advancement has had a significant impact on various aspects of life. Even
in a market setting technology is wisely equipped so that work can be done easily for technology
is convenient to use. But, can technology have a potential impact to enhance the collaborative of
the learners?

Theories on Collaboration Skills and ICT in 21st Century Learning

1. Social Network Theory (Granovetter, 1973)

This theory focuses on the structure and dynamics of social networks. ICT tools can
facilitate the creation and maintenance of collaboration networks by enabling connections
between individuals with diverse expertise and resources.

Empirical Studies How ICT Utilization Develops Collaborative Skills

1.1 Enhancing Student Engagement Through the Affordances of Mobile Technology: A

21st Century Learning Perspective on Realistic Mathematics Education

 Aibhin Bray, Brendan Tangney

 01 Mar 2016

The study found that a combination of a transformative, mobile technology-mediated

approach, Realistic Mathematics Education (RME), and a model of 21st century learning can
increase student engagement and confidence in mathematics. In this study, Mobile technology
provides tools and platforms for real-time communication, allowing students to easily share
ideas, resources, and feedback with their peers, fostering collaboration and teamwork.

1.2 Students’ Collaboration in Technology-Enhanced Reciprocal Peer Tutoring as an

Approach Towards Learning Mathematics

 Riitta Maarit Oikarinen, Juho Oikarinen, Sari Havu-Nuutinen, Susanna Pöntinen

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 14 Feb 2022

The study highlighted how students' collaboration, such as instruction, thinking aloud,
feedback, support, and new ideas during their peer tutoring, contributed to students' mathematical
attainment and technological discourse. Technology facilitated instruction, thinking aloud, feedback,
support, and the exchange of new ideas during peer tutoring sessions, leading to improved
collaboration among students . In this study, they use technology, such as Microsoft 365, GeoGebra,
L'Math, and Abit-editor, provided students with new tools and resources to engage in collaborative
learning activities.

2. Activity Theory (Engeström, 1987)

This theory examines how individuals use tools and context to achieve goals. ICT tools
act as "mediators" in collaborative activities, shaping how individuals interact, share
information, and solve problems. Analyzing collaboration through the lens of Activity Theory
helps identify how ICT tools can be optimized for specific tasks and group dynamics.

Empirical Studies How ICT Utilization Develops Collaborative Skills

2.1 Collaborative Engagement Through Mobile Technology in Mathematics Learning

 Mina Sedaghatjou, Sheree Rodney

 01 Jan 2018

Mobile technologies, specifically touchscreen-based devices, can enhance mathematical

learning through collaborative engagement. The use of an iPad application called TouchCounts
helped children develop their number sense through one-to-one multimodal touch, sight, and
auditory feedback. Where TouchCounts, an iPad application, enhances mathematical learning by
providing one-to-one multimodal touch, sight, and auditory feedback to children, which helps them
develop their number sense. The application allows learners to interact with mathematical tools and
engage in collaborative practices with their peers, drawing on each other's cultural experiences for a
shared understanding of mathematical meanings.

2.2 Mobile MathTactics - Mathematics Game Based Learning

 Mohd Zulothman Mustapha, Mohd Zulothman

 01 May 2012

Mobile MathTactics is a mobile game-based application designed to teach children

mathematics, specifically focusing on addition, subtraction, and multiplication. The integration
of technology in the form of the Mobile MathTactics application enhances collaborative skills in
learning math by creating an engaging and interactive environment, facilitating communication,
and providing flexibility for collaborative efforts in math education.
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3. Transactive Memory Theory (Wegner & Raymond, 1987)

This theory focuses on how individuals share and coordinate knowledge within a group.
Collaborative ICT tools like shared documents, wikis, and project management platforms
facilitate knowledge sharing, building a collective understanding and enhancing collaboration.

Empirical Studies How ICT Utilization Develops Collaborative Skills

3.1. Technology-Enhanced Collaborative Learning in STEM

 Changzhao Wang, Ji Shen

 01 Jan 2023

Collaborative learning in STEM education has been enhanced by modern technologies,

such as multimodal tools, virtual reality, and machine learning. In this study, technology
enhances collaborative skills of students by connecting learners across space, allowing them to
collaborate and communicate with each other regardless of physical distance. Technology
guides collaborative processes by providing tools and platforms that support effective
collaboration, such as shared documents, project management tools, and communication
platforms.

3.2 Supporting Students’ Productive Collaboration and Mathematics Learning in Online

Environments

 Arthur B. Powell, Muteb M. Alqahtani, and Balvir Singh

 12 August 2017

Teachers can support students' instrumentation of collaborative environments and

mathematical understanding by progressively decentralizing their role and supporting
students' development of collaborative practices. The online collaborative environment, Virtual
Math Team with GeoGebra (VMTwG), engages students in collaborative activities and helps
them develop their geometrical understanding. It contains support for chat rooms with
collaborative tools for mathematical explorations, including a multiuser version of GeoGebra,
where team members can construct dynamic objects and drag elements to visually explore
relationships.

4. Social Presence Theory (Walther, 2011)

This theory, proposed by Joseph Walther, suggests that the more "present" we feel
online, the more likely we are to develop close relationships and collaborate effectively.
Technology can create a sense of presence through features such as avatars, video, and
emoticons.
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Empirical Studies How ICT Utilization Develops Collaborative Skills

4.1 A Collaborative Digital Pen Learning Approach to Improving Students' Learning

Achievement and Motivation in Mathematics Courses

 Chester S. J. Huang, Addison Y. S. Su, Stephen J.H. Yang, Hsin-Hun Liou

 01 Apr 2017

The development and implementation of the digital pen learning system (DPLS) for
mathematics courses showed positive effects on students' learning achievement and motivation.
The DPLS allows students to work together on math problems, promoting collaboration and
teamwork. The digital pen enables students to write, draw, and interact with digital content,
facilitating active participation and engagement in the collaborative learning process. By using
the DPLS, students can share their ideas, discuss solutions, and provide feedback to each other,
fostering communication and collaboration skills. The collaborative problem-solving approach
supported by the technology encourages students to work together, share responsibilities, and
learn from each other's perspectives. This collaborative learning environment created by the
DPLS helps enhance students' collaborative skills and promotes effective teamwork in
mathematics courses.

4.2 Learning Music and Math, Together as One: Towards a Collaborative Approach for
Practicing Math Skills with Music

 Eric Roldán Roa, Érika Roldán Roa, Irene-Angelica Chounta

 08 Sep 2020

Heterogeneous groups achieved better results in terms of game score than

homogeneous groups. The use of a digital application facilitated the design and orchestration of
collaborative, game-based learning activities for STEAM. Students were able to work together in
groups using the digital application to participate in a tournament-style workshop. The
interactive and engaging environment provided by the digital application promoted teamwork
and collaboration among the students as they practiced math skills with music.

5. Diffusion of Innovation Theory (Everett, 2003)

Developed by Everett Rogers, this theory explores how individuals and groups adopt
new technologies. It suggests that individuals go through various stages of adoption, including
awareness, interest, evaluation, trial, and decision. When it comes to ICT, collaboration
platforms and tools may appeal to users based on their perceived advantages, ease of use, and
compatibility with existing workflows.
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Empirical Studies How ICT Utilization Develops Collaborative Skills

5.1 Promoting STEM Content Epistemology in Technology Enhanced Collaborative

Learning Environments

 Katerina Kasimati1, Chryselpi Gkantara, Sarantos Psycharis, Ourania Petropoulou

 26 Nov 2019

The results of the teachers' evaluation indicated that their involvement in STEM content
implemented in an electronically appropriately designed environment could enhance literacy in
STEM content epistemology and collaborative skills of learners. The study utilized a
technologically supported learning environment, specifically the Edmodo collaborative platform,
to enhance collaboration skills among teachers and learners.

5.2 Technology Enhanced Collaborative Learning for Learning of Calculus

 Rohani Ahmad Tarmizi, Ahmad Fauzi Mohd Ayub, Kamariah Abu Bakar, Aida Suraya Md.
Yunus

 01 Jan 2010

Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) has a positive impact on

mathematical learning and enables new types of learning experiences. It allows for a "smooth
learning flow" and promotes active thinking, choice-making, and skill execution among students.
The teacher's role also changes, becoming more supportive and guiding in nature.

CSCL allowed for more students to be actively engaged in information processing and
skill execution compared to traditional teacher-centered learning. It provided opportunities for
students to work together, share ideas, and learn from each other's perspectives.
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Ways Tech Supports Collaborative Learning by Tom Vander Ark

1. Utilized communication tools. Example, Kidblog and Blogger enable students to create a
digital space for writing a blog and work with peers to engage in discussion and provide
feedback.

2. Project-Based Work & Learning. Virtual meeting: Example, Google Hangouts, Zoom,
GoToMeeting.

3. Game-Based Learning. A growing number of apps like Quizlet Live, Kahoot!, and Gimkit use
game-based learning to promote collaborative problem-solving. Teachers can immediately act
upon data and provide feedback to students.Google Classroom enables posting commenting,
and the facilitation of classroom discussions.

4. Learning Platforms With Collaborative Features. Examples, Edmodo provides a digital

space where students and teachers can interact in a safe learning network. Edmodo facilitates
access to resources, promotes global collaboration and fosters the development of digital
citizenship skills. Canvas from Instructure allows students to reflect and collaborate with peers.
Teachers can also use the platform to communicate with student teams.

Pros of ICT in developing collaborative skills in the 21st century:

1. Facilitates communication and teamwork beyond geographical boundaries: ICT

tools like video conferencing platforms, project management software, and cloud-based
document editing enable real-time collaboration across continents and time zones. This allows
teams to work together on projects, share ideas, and provide feedback regardless of their
physical location.

2. Enhances accessibility and inclusivity: ICT tools can cater to diverse learning styles
and abilities. For example, text-to-speech software can assist students with reading difficulties,
while closed captioning can benefit those with hearing impairments. This fosters a more
inclusive environment where everyone can participate in collaborative activities.

3. Promotes creative problem-solving and knowledge sharing: Collaboration

platforms like wikis and online brainstorming tools allow teams to share ideas, build on each
other's contributions, and explore different perspectives. This can lead to more innovative
solutions and deeper understanding of complex issues.

4. Develops digital literacy and communication skills: Working with ICT tools
requires individuals to learn basic technology skills, such as online communication etiquette, file
sharing, and digital content creation. This equips them with essential skills for the 21st century
workplace, where technology is integrated into most tasks.

5. Provides access to diverse resources and expertise: The internet offers a vast
amount of information and connects individuals with experts and collaborators around the
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world. This allows teams to tap into a wider pool of knowledge and resources, enhancing the
quality of their work and their understanding of diverse perspectives.

Cons of ICT in developing collaborative skills in the 21st century:

1. Overreliance on technology: Excessive dependence on digital tools can hinder face-

to-face communication and interpersonal skills development. Collaboration can become
superficial if it solely relies on online interaction, neglecting the importance of building trust
and rapport through in-person communication.

2. Digital divide and accessibility issues: Unequal access to technology and internet
connectivity can leave individuals and communities marginalized, particularly in developing
countries. This can hinder their ability to participate in collaborative activities and benefit from
the potential of ICT.

3. Distractions and technical difficulties: Technical glitches, internet connectivity

issues, and distractions from notifications can disrupt the flow of collaborative work and hinder
productivity. Additionally, excessive multitasking while using ICT tools can impede focus and
effective communication.

4. Cybersecurity and privacy concerns: Sharing information and working online can
raise concerns about data security and privacy breaches. Ensuring safe and responsible online
practices is crucial for fostering trust and ethical collaboration.

5. Lack of proper training and guidance: Simply providing ICT tools is not enough for
effective collaboration. Individuals need proper training on how to use these tools effectively for
collaborative purposes, including developing online communication skills, managing group
dynamics, and resolving conflicts.

From these countless studies stated above, it can be concluded that ICT utilization
develops collaborative skills. Technological advancement has a good positive potential to
enhance the skills of the learners. Through ICT, learners can do well in their academic life where
they can learn actively and above all a great advantage to enhance their digital collaboration
skills. However, as a user, we should also keep in mind the consequences if we inappropriately
use technology.
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