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Philippine Politics and

Governance
Quarter 2 – Module 5
Citizenship and Youth Empowerment

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INTRODUCTION (What I need to know)

Article II, Section 1 provides that “the Philippines is a democratic and republican state.
Sovereignty resides in the people and all government authority emanates from them.
In this module you will learn the about citizenship. After learning from the previous
modules, the different venues for participation, this module presents and evaluates the multiple
expressions of citizenship in the Philippines.

(MELC) Most Essential Learning Competency

 Explain the importance of active citizenship
 Explain issues and programs related to political engagement and youth empowerment

After reading this module, you should be able to:

a) describe citizenship and the various avenues for citizen participation;

b) classify the rights and obligations of a citizen;
c) enumerate the programs that address issues related to political engagement and youth
empowerment.

DISCUSSION AND ACTIVITIES (What is it)

Citizenship
 pertains to an individual’s membership in a political community. It indicates a person’s
belongingness to a larger community, which is the nation. The Philippine nationality law is
based upon the principles of jus sanguinis and therefore descent from a parent who is a
citizen or national of the Republic of the Philippines is the primary method of acquiring
Philippine citizenship. This is contrasted with the legal principle of jus soli where being born
on the soil of a country, even to foreign parents, grants one citizenship.
 it is indispensable as it is considered as one of the elements of the state. They have both
rights and responsibilities and that their rights are distinct from those provided by the
Philippine Constitution.

Nationality - encompasses all those who render allegiance to the State, be it a citizen or
otherwise.

Alien is a foreigner who temporarily resides in another country or one who passes through
another border. It receives limited protection over his person and property.
Classification of Aliens
1. Resident alien. A foreigner residing in the jurisdiction of another State, and to some
extent, his rights and property are protected.
2. Non-resident alien. Refers to the citizen of the State as provided in Art IV, Sec 1.

Refugees are stateless persons who have fled their home State for shelter and asylum in another
State. They deliberately withdraw their citizenship and denounce allegiance to the State and
laws.

Doctrines of citizenship
a. Jus sanguinis- the citizenship of a child is determined by blood relationship. This is the
doctrine the Philippines apply in determining one’s membership to the political society.
b. Jus soli/jus loci- the citizenship of a child is determined by the place of birth.

Modes of acquiring citizenship:

1. By birth. This is called the involuntary method. Citizenship is acquired through blood
relationship to the parents.

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 Natural Born Citizens (Sec. 2, Art. IV)
1. Citizens of the Philippines from birth without having to perform any act to acquire or
perfect their Philippine citizenship;
2. Those born before January 17, 1973 of Filipino mothers, who elect Philippine
citizenship upon reaching the age of majority

2. By naturalization. This is called the voluntary method of acquiring citizenship through

naturalization process.
Naturalization, it means the act of formally adopting a foreigner into the political body of
the State, and clothing him with the rights and privewleges of citizenship.

Three ways of acquiring naturalization process

a. Act of court. This suggests that citizenship may be granted to an applicant pursuant to
the judgment of the court. Regional Trial Ocurt has the jurisdiction
b. Direct act of Congress. The legislative normally promulgates an act directly bestowing
citizenship on an alien applicant.
c. Derivative method. Citizenship is conferred on the wife of naturalized husband, minor
children of naturalized person, and alien woman upon marriage to a national.

3. By marriage
Citizens of the Philippines (Sec. 1, Art. IV):
1. Those who are Filipino citizens at time of adoption of the 1987 Constitution;
a. Those who are citizens under the Treaty of Paris;
b. Those declared citizens by judicial declaration applying the jus soli principle, before
TioTiam v. Republic (25 April 1957, G.R. No. L-9602);
c. Those who are naturalized in accordance with law (Act 2927);
d. Those who are citizens under the 1935 Constitution;
e. Those who are citizens under the 1973 Constitution.
2. Those whose fathers or mothers are citizens of the Philippines;
3. Those born before January 17, 1973, of Filipino mothers, who elect Philippines citizenship
upon reaching the age of majority;
 Time to elect: 3 years after age of majority
4. Those naturalized in accordance with law.
Caram Rule – under the 1935 Constitution, those born in the Philippines of foreign parent,
who before the adoption of the Constitution had been elected to public office in the
Philippines, are considered Filipino citizens.

Effects of Naturalization :
1. ON THE WIFE. It vests citizenship on wife who might herself be lawfully naturalized; She
need not prove her qualifications but only that she is not disqualified. (Moy Ya Lim Yao v.
Comm. of Immigration, 41 SCRA 292).

2. ON THE MINOR CHILDREN

(i) If born in the Philippines – automatically becomes a citizen;
If born abroad
If born before the naturalization of the father
(ia) residing in RP at the time of naturalization – automatically becomes citizen;
(ib) if not residing in RP at the time of naturalization – considered citizen only during
minority, unless begins to reside permanently in the Philippines;
(ii) If born born outside the Philippines after parents’ naturalization considered Filipino,
provided registered as such before any Philippines consulate within 1 year after
attaining majority age and takes oath of allegiance.

Doctrine of Indelible Allegiance– an individual may be compelled to retain his original

nationality notwithstanding that he has already renounced or forfeited it under the laws of
the second state whose nationality he has acquired.
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LOSS OF PHILIPPINE CITIZENSHIP:
1. Naturalization in a foreign country;
2. Express renunciation of citizenship (expatriation);
– The mere application or possession of an alien certificate of registration does not amount
to renunciation (Mercado vs. Manzano, G.R. No. 135083, May 26, 1999)
3. Subscribing to an oath of allegiance to constitution or laws of foreign upon attaining of 21
years of age;
 Citizens may not divest citizenship when Philippines is at war.
4. Rendering service to or accepting commission in the armed forces of a foreign country;
5. Cancellation of certificate of naturalization;
6. Having been declared by final judgment a deserter of Philippines Armed Forces in times of
war.

REACQUISITION OF CITIZENSHIP
1. By naturalization;
2. By repatriation;
 RA 8171 is an act providing for the repatriation of:
a. Filipino women who have lost their Philippine citizenship by marriage to aliens and;
b. natural-born Filipinos who have lost their Philippine citizenship on account or political
or economic necessity.
3. By direct act of Congress.
RA 9225 also known as the "Citizenship Retention and Re-acquisition Act of 2003,"
approved on August 29, 2003 provides that, upon taking the oath of allegiance to the Republic:
a. Natural born citizens of the Philippines who have lost their Philippine citizenship by
reason of their naturalization as citizens of a foreign country are deemed to have re-
acquired Philippine citizenship; and
b. Natural born citizens of the Philippines who, after the effectivity of the said RA become
citizens of a foreign country shall retain their Philippine citizenship.

Derivative Citizenship - The unmarried child, whether legitimate, illegitimate or adopted, below
eighteen (18) years of age, of those who re-acquire Philippine citizenship upon effectivity of
the said RA shall be deemed citizens of the Philippines.

Dual Allegiance
 Refers to the situation where person simultaneously owes, by some positive act, loyalty to
two or more states.

Duties And Responsibilities Of A Filipino Citizen

The prime duty of the government is for its citizens to serve and protect in turn it shall be
obligation of the entire citizen to do their duties and responsibilities as a Filipino citizens of the
country as listed below:
1. Defend our country from enemies and invaders.
2. Pay his/her taxes willingly and promptly.
3. Be loyal to our country.
4. Take care and conserve our natural resources.
5. Help our country for growth and development.
6. Keep our surroundings clean.
7. Study well and become a productive individual.
8. Obey the laws and maintain peace and order in the community.
9. Preserve the Filipino culture and identity.
10. Participate actively in various government programs.
11. Vote wisely and chose candidates who can serve the people and our country.
12. Respect the rights of others.
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The more important duties and obligations of every citizen in a democratic society are the
following:
1. To be loyal to the Republic.
2. To defend the State
3. To contribute to the development of welfare of the State
4. To uphold the Constitution and obey laws
5. To cooperate with duly constituted authorities.
6. To exercise rights responsibility and with due regard for the rights of others.
7. To engage in gainful work.
8. To register and vote

LEGAL BASIS FOR YOUTH EMPOWERMENT

1. Republic Act 8044 or known as The Youth in Nation-Building Act. This refers to an act
creating the National Youth Commission, establishing a National Comprehensive and
Coordinated Program on Youth Development, Appropriating Funds Therefore, and for
Other Purposes. The State recognizes its responsibility to enable the youth to fulfill their
vital role in nation-building and hereby establishes the National Comprehensive and
Coordinated Program on Youth Development, creates the structures to implement the
same and appropriate adequate funds to provide support for the program and
implementing structures on a continuing sustained basis.

2. National Service Training Program – The inclusion of the NSTP in the Philippine higher
education curricula allows the youth to be educated about civic involvement. Moreover,
the NSTP also instills in the youth the value of volunteerism through participation in
different activities that involve community building and the like. Such involvement in civic
affairs brings forth a realization among the youth that they are proactive movers of the
society.

3. SK and Katipunan ng Kabataan (KK) were created through the Local Government Code of
1991(Republic Act 7160) that provides opportunity for young people to directly participate
in local governance. Composed of all youth aged 15 to 21 years old. In 2015, Republic Act
10742 an act known as the “Sangguniang Kabataan Reform Act of 2015” amended the
previous law on SK and KK and made a vast reform. One of which is the age bracket. In
1995, with the passage of R.A. 8044, that created the National Youth Commission, the
secretariat functions of SK were transferred to the NYC which in effect replaced PCYA. In
2002, the age bracket for KK membership was changed, through R.A. 9164, from 15 to 21
years old to15 to 17 years old. But under the present law, youth shall refer to those
persons whose ages range from fifteen (15) to thirty (30) years old.

Activity 1: Fill me right

Directions. Choose the correct answer from the given choices in the box. Write your answer on
your answer sheet.

Citizen Citizenship Jus Sanguinis

Jus Soli Naturalization Repatriation

1. It is the term used for involuntary method of acquiring citizenship through birth or blood
relationship.

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 2. It denotes membership of a citizen in a political society which membership implies,
reciprocally, a duty of allegiance on the part of the members and duty of protection on the
part of the state.
3. This is the act of formally adopting a foreigner into the political body of the state and
clothing him with the rights and privileges of citizenship.
4. A member of a democratic community who enjoys full civil and political rights and is
accorded protection inside and outside the territory of the State.
5. It is the term used for involuntary method of acquiring citizenship through place of birth.

Activity 2: Proud to be a Filipino citizen

Directions: List down below the duties and rights of a Filipino Citizen. Write your answer on
your answer sheet.

___________________

DUTIES
__________________
__________________
__________________
__________________

__________________

RIGHTS
__________________
__________________
__________________
__________________

Activity 3: Let’s Join Together!

Directions: Briefly discuss the following questions below.

Explain in two (2) sentences the importance of the following activities found in column A and
why you need to participate in such. Answer the guide question below. Write your answer on
your answer sheet.

Community Activities Importance Reasons for Participation

A. From the activities above, choose at least one (1) you wish to participate in and cite its
1. Eco-Bricks Project

2. Run for Nature

3. Plant a Tree
Program

significance.
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_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________.

ASSESSMENT
I. Directions. Read and analyze each sentence below and write True if the statement is correct,
and write False if incorrect. Write your answer on your answer sheet.

__________1. A citizen should have loyalty or sense of patriotism to his/her state.

__________2. There are no ways to lose citizenship.
__________3. A citizen of a country may not obey the laws.
__________4. One may reacquire his/her citizenship by naturalization.
__________5. A citizen may give up or renounce his/her citizenship.

II. Directions. Identify what is being asked. Write your answer on your answer sheet.

1. Membership in a political community which is personal and more or less permanent in

character where he enjoys the exercise of political rights above civil privileges provided by
law.
2. Law known as “Sangguniang Kabataan Reform Act of 2015.
3. Encompasses all those who render allegiance to the State, be it a citizen or otherwise.
4. Refers to the situation where person simultaneously owes, by some positive act, loyalty to
two or more states.
5. Age bracket of youth under the present law on Sagguniang Kabataan.
6. A foreigner who temporarily resides in another country or one who passes through
another border.
7. Are stateless persons who have fled their home State for shelter and asylum in another
State.
8. Meaning of NSTP.
9. It means the act of formally adopting a foreigner into the political body of the State, and
clothing him with the rights and privileges of citizenship.
10.A method where Citizenship is conferred on the wife of naturalized husband, minor
children of naturalized person, and alien woman upon marriage to a national.

III. Directions. The following programs below will enable the youth to participate and be
empowered. Explain in two or more sentences the significance of the said programs to the Youth.
Write your answer on your answer sheet.

1. Sanggunian Kabataan.
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______.
2. School Student Government.
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
__.

ANSWER KEY OF ACTIVITIES

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REFERENCES

Pawilen, R.A. and Pawilen, R.M. (2017).Philippine Politics and Governance. Rex Bookstore Inc.
Tabajen, R. and Pulma, E. (2016). Philippine Politics and Governance.JFS Publishing Services
Mendoza, Diana J. et al. (2016). Politics Without Borders. Phoenix Publishing House Inc.
Lazo, R.S. (2009). Philippine Government and the 1987 Consitution. Rex Bookstore Inc.
Villanueva, Prince Aian G. (2017). Philippine

Department of Education – Philippines (2016) K to 12 Senior High School Curriculum

Guide.Philippine Politics and Governance.

Department of Education – Philippines (2020) Most Essential Learning Competencies.Philippine

Politics and Governance.

https://www.academia.edu/40343586/
DUTIES_AND_RESPONSIBILITIES_OF_A_FILIPINO_CITIZEN_VISION_AND_MISSION_OF_A_GOO
D_CITIZENSHIP_MOVEMENT

https://nyc.gov.ph/pydp/

DIVISION QUALITY ASSURANCE MANAGEMENT TEAM IN HUMSS

WRITERS: DIANA VIE F. FALGUI

SANDRA MAE D. CALPITO
VALIDATORS:
DR. MARILEX A. TERCIAS DR. EUGENE M. TORALBA
DR. ALBERTO O. RABANG DR. VIRGINIA B. FREGILLANA
JEANNEROSE M. ACOSTA ZOSIMA IRENE H. FERNANDEZ
MA. JOCELYN J. SOTONG DANILO T. SIBLAG
VICTOR B. ABAN JAMELIE M. CRISPINO

CONSULTANTS:
DR. DANILO C. SISON DR. TEODORA V. NABOR
DR. CORNELIO R. AQUINO DR. JEROME S. PARAS
DR. MAYBELENE C. BAUTISTA

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ANSWER KEY OF ASSESSMENT

I.

1. True
2. False
3. False
4. True
5. True

II.

1. Citizenship
2. Republic Act 10742
3. Nationality
4. Dual Allegiance
5. 15-30
6. Alien
7. Refugees
8. National Service Training Program
9. Naturalization
10.Derivative Method

III. Answers vary