Global crises necessitated

international cooperation

Prepared by
Dr. Safaa Fatouh Gomaa
Doctorate in law-University of Mansoura
Master of administration Business, Eslsca School-
French University
Legal researcher at governmental organization
Faculty member, policy &law faculty-University of
van Holland

2023
Abstract
The chain reaction of crises is sweeping the globe. Climate change,
inflation, and a lack of energy primarily lead to starvation, high prices,
and harsh winters; as a result, the world's people suffer due to these
crises; this suffering necessitates international cooperation to address
these crises. This study focuses on the framework for global crises that
occur on a daily basis across the world's countries, consuming the lives,
salaries, and health of the world's peoples. This paper describes the tools
of international cooperation for dealing with global crises. Climate
change, inflation, and a lack of energy, as cross-border crises, are
significant issues for all international communities because they are the
primary cause of wasting people's lives, wages, and health around the
world. As a result, all countries must band together to protect their
citizens from starvation, high prices, and harsh winters caused by climate
change, inflation, and a lack of energy.
As a result, the researcher will concentrate on determining the gravity of
cross-border crises and how international cooperation can mitigate this
gravity. Many questions are addressed in this paper, including what the
destructive effects of global crises are. Why do countries have to deal
with these crises? What are the instruments of international
collaboration? It is hoped that this research will help responsible
international organizations implement policies to address global crises.
Keywords: climate change, inflation, lack of energy, international
cooperation, wasting salaries, harsh winters.

Background
Three major crises are plaguing the world: climate change, inflation, and
energy shortage; firstly, long-term changes in temperature and weather
patterns are referred to as climate change. These changes could be
natural, such as variations in the solar cycle. However, since the 1800s,
human activities have been the primary cause of climate change, owing
primarily to the use of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and gas. The
combustion of fossil fuels produces greenhouse gas emissions, which act
like a blanket wrapped around the Earth, trapping heat from the sun and
raising temperatures. Carbon dioxide and methane are two examples of
greenhouse gas emissions that are causing climate change. These are
caused by using gasoline to drive a car or coal to heat a building, for
example. Clearing land and forests can also result in the release of carbon
dioxide. Garbage landfills are a major source of methane emissions.
Among the major emitters are energy, industry, transportation, buildings,
agriculture, and land use. (The united nation, 2022)
Secondly; Price increases, or inflation, can be thought of as the gradual
loss of purchasing power. The average increase in price of a selection of
goods and services over time can serve as a proxy for the yield for which
purchasing power declines. A currency unit effectively buys less as a
result of the increase in prices, which is frequently expressed as a
percentage. Deflation, which happens when prices fall and purchasing
power rises, can be compared to inflation. Additionally, Inflation seeks to
assess the total impact of fluctuating prices on a wide range of goods and
services. It allows for a single valuation representation of an economy's
rise in the cost of goods and services over time. (J. Fernando, 2022)
The first and most traditional of these is the notion that prices are
influenced by the quantity of money in use. In its most basic form, this
point of view assumes that variables such as how often wages are paid,
how the economy is structured, and how people save and spend money
are fixed in terms of the relationship between the amount of money
people want to hold and the total value of the transactions they engage in
annually. As long as these variables remain constant, the price level will
be directly proportional to the money supply and inversely proportional to
the physical volume of production. (C. Oner, 2022)
Europe is experiencing an energy crisis. Prices have risen due to
uncertainty about the flow of natural gas as a result of Russia's war in
Ukraine. Natural gas prices have risen to $500 per barrel of oil
equivalent, more than ten times the normal average, fueling fears of
winter shortages and cold homes. Important commodities have already
been impacted. Fertilizer production, which relies heavily on natural gas,
is being halted due to rising costs. Manufacturers are stockpiling glass in
preparation for future shortages. Climate change has exacerbated the
situation, with a historic drought drying up Europe's rivers and reducing
hydroelectric capacity. (G.Brew, 2022)

Statement of the problem:

(1) The inflation crisis leads to high living expenses; the Ukrainian
crisis leads to great inflation over the world that lead to high living
expenses for globe peoples, as Russia's conflict in Ukraine exacerbates
the crisis of rising living costs; Eurozone inflation hit a new high of 8.6%
in June.
According to Eurostat data, consumer price inflation increased from 8.1%
in May to its highest level since relevant records were kept in 1997, two
years before the euro was introduced. The most recent snapshot revealed
that energy prices rose at a nearly 42% annual rate in June, compared to
39% in May, putting additional pressure on the European Central Bank as
it prepares to raise interest rates for the first time in 11 years later this
month. The world's largest economies are experiencing the highest rates
of inflation in 40 years, putting pressure on central banks to raise interest
rates as the effects of the coronavirus pandemic disrupt global supply
chains and Vladimir Putin's invasion of Ukraine increases energy costs.
This week, the heads of the US Federal Reserve, the European Central
Bank, and the Bank of England warned that after decades of stability, the
pandemic was about to unleash a new period of persistently high inflation
on the world economy. But compared to other major economies, the UK
is experiencing higher inflation and a slower economic slowdown. The
UK experienced 9.1% inflation in May, the highest rate in the G7 and
higher than the average for the Eurozone. (The Guardian, 2022)
(2) The lack of energy due to Ukrainian crisis, leads to reusing coal
that will severe the climate change crises; Climate change is the most
significant long-term global impact of coal. Coal is primarily composed
of carbon, which when burned produces carbon dioxide, a heat-trapping
gas. When carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere, it acts like a
blanket, warming the earth more than is normally the case. Drought,
rising sea levels, flooding, extreme weather, and species extinction are all
consequences of global warming. The magnitude of these effects is
directly proportional to the amount of CO2 we emit, including from coal-
fired power plants. Coal accounts for roughly one-fourth of all carbon
emissions related to energy in the United States. (Union of concerned
Scientifics, 2019) In response to concerns about gas shortages brought on
by Russia's capacity reductions, Germany's two houses of parliament
passed emergency legislation to reactivate idle coal-fired power plants to
support electricity generation. The government's environmentalist
economics minister, Robert Habeck, called the decision "painful but
necessary." Leading Greens in the coalition government back it, saying it
is necessary as a short-term crisis management tool.The upper house of
parliament gave it final approval on Friday along with a package of
measures to promote the growth of renewable energies, including a
minimum on the percentage of land each federal state must permit for
wind farms. Part of these measures included classifying renewable
energies as a matter of public security. (The Guardian, 2022) briefly,
the Ukrainian crisis aggravates the climate change crisis because the
energy crisis caused by the Ukrainian war will force many countries,
including Germany, to rely on coal to compensate for the energy
shortage, exacerbating the severity of the climate change crisis.
(3) The lack of energy leads to harsh winters for European peoples:
In order to avoid fuel shortages this winter, European nations are paying
exorbitant prices for gas and scrambling to reduce energy consumption.
However, early weather forecasts indicate the possibility of a cold spell,
which could temporarily increase demand. Soaring European gas and
power prices as a result of reduced Russian supplies are fueling inflation,
stifling industrial activity, and burdening consumers with record-high
bills as the northern hemisphere winter approaches. Despite high gas
storage levels and a steady supply of liquefied natural gas (LNG), the
continent faces the risk of power outages, blackouts, and energy
rationing, which could exacerbate the continent's economic woes.
According to early winter forecasts released on Thursday by the
European Commission, Europe may experience a harsh winter in
December, due to a possible additional energy shortage as countries
struggle to deal with dwindling Russian gas supplies and exorbitant
energy costs. (K. Abnett , B. Sharafedin, 2022)

Statement of the problem solution;

(1) The hosting with a warm winter initiative: Launching the hosting
with a warm winter initiative from nations that have warming places in
winter is necessary to address the issue of harsh winters for Europeans.
International obligations force the countries that have warming locations
to welcome the residents of Europe during the winter of 2023 in these
locations. This initiative will alleviate the suffering of Europeans who are
experiencing a harsh winter as a result of the Ukrainian crisis's energy
shortage.
(2) The hosting with low living expenses initiative: The exchange rate
of both the euro and the dollar has become very high in many developing
countries as a result of global inflation and the energy crisis, which
benefits people in European countries who suffer from the high cost of
living in their countries as a result of inflation, because few euros and
dollars can be exchanged with many other currencies in the developing
countries that host them, allowing them to alleviate the cost of living
crisis. Europeans' salaries or unemployment benefits are insufficient to
cover the cost of living in their home countries; meanwhile, it is allowing
them to live in luxury in developing countries that host them during times
of crisis. Where they can save half of their salary and spend the other half
to live a luxurious life in developing countries that host Europeans. In
conclusion, this initiative alleviates the suffering caused by high living
expenses for Europeans.
(3) The hosting with clean energy initiative: To address the issue of
reusing coal due to the Ukrainian crisis's energy shortage, it is necessary
to launch the hosting with a clean energy' initiative from nations that have
a natural source of energy, as clean source, in the winter, such as the sun.
This initiative will lessen the severity of climate change caused by
reusing coal. In conclusion, because this initiative stops coal from being
burned again, it significantly lessens the severity of climate change.
It is necessary at this time to take this hosting initiative, which has three
dimensions—a warm winter, clean energy, and affordable living costs—
which will lessen the passive effects of the Ukrainian crisis.
Egypt is the most suitable country in the world to implement the three
dimensions hosting initiative, as it has warming places with high capacity
for foreign hosting, while also becoming a center of clean energy sources.
Furthermore, the dollar or euro has a very high conversion rate to the
Egyptian pound, allowing Europeans to live with affordable living
expenses. Egypt plays an important role in mitigating the suffering
caused by global crises. Egypt enables Europeans to live with affordable
living expenses, a warm winter, and a clean source of energy. As a result,
Egypt helps to solve the climate change crisis because it has many clean
energy sources, and it also helps to solve the harsh winter for Europeans
because it has many warming places. It helps to solve the inflation crisis
because of the very high conversion rate to the Egyptian pound, which
allows Europeans to live in Egypt with affordable living expenses.

Warming winter

Egypt

Objective of the Study:

This research focuses on global crises that necessitated international
cooperation to resolve. The most serious crises in the world are inflation,
climate change, and energy scarcity. These crises require international
cooperation to overcome, and the international community must launch
numerous initiatives to mitigate the severity of global crises. These
initiatives must focus on three dimensions: clean energy, warming winter,
and affordable living expenses.
 Methodology
Experiments- as a research strategy – is a suitable plan for this research,
because it is a hypothetic—deductive approach because it depends on
studying the causal relationship between variables.

Findings:
Global crises necessitated international cooperation to resolve. The three
most serious crises confronting the world today are inflation, climate
change, and energy scarcity. International cooperation is required to
resolve these crises, and the international community must take numerous
initiatives to reduce the severity of global crises. These programmes must
prioritise three areas: clean energy, winter warmth, and low-cost living.

Conclusion:
1- There is a domino effect of crises happening around the world.
Hunger, high prices, and harsh winters are primarily brought on by
climate change, inflation, and a lack of energy.
2- The international community must take numerous actions to mitigate
the severity of global crises. These programmes must prioritize three
areas: clean energy, winter warmth, and low-cost living.
3- Egypt is the best country in the world for implementing the three
dimensions hosting initiative because it has warm places with high
capacity for foreign hosting while also developing clean energy sources.
Furthermore, the dollar or euro has a very high conversion rate to the
Egyptian pound, making it possible for Europeans to live comfortably in
Egypt.

Recommendations
According to the study, it is advisable to launch the initiative "Egypt's
hosting is unlikely to experience a global crisis," which will help
Europeans combat the passive effects of such crises because Egypt has
solutions for them.

References:
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fund(IMF),https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/fandd/issues/Series/Bac
k-to-Basics/Inflation , retrieved 25.11.2022
- G.Brew,( 2022), Europe Can Survive a Bad Winter, foreign policy,
online; https://foreignpolicy.com/2022/08/30/europe-energy-crisis-bad-
winter-russia-ukraine-gas/ , retrieved 21.1.2023

- J. Fernando, (2022), what you need to know about the purchasing power
of money and how it changes, investopedia,
https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/inflation.asp., retrieved
25.11.2022

- K. Abnett , B. Sharafedin, (2022), Analysis: Europe's energy security

this winter? Depends on the weather, Reuters,
https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/europes-energy-security-this-
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- The Guardian, (2022), Germany to reactivate coal power plants as

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en/climatechange/what-is-climate-change , retrieved 21.1.2023

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Multimedia / Explainer, https://www.ucsusa.org/resources/coal-power-
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