Lecture 7

– Fuel Supply System

– Cooling System

AEG 210
Prof. S. Karmakar
FAE, BCKV
Importance of Fuel Supply System
Fuel is required for producing energy in
every engine. The chemical energy of fuel
is converted to thermal energy by
combustion. This thermal energy is then
finally converted to mechanical energy.
A well-designed fuel system is required to
supply the fuel from the fuel tank to the
engine cylinder through the fuel injectors
at a desirable pressure.
 Fuel Supply
System

Fuel feed pump (A)

Primary filter housing (B)
Secondary filter cartridge (C )
Pressures switch (D )
 Desirable quality of fuel
 The fuel used should be chemically pure
and clean
 Fuel must have sufficiently high energy
value (calorific value)
 The fuel must vaporize well inside the
cylinder
 Fuel must ignite easily in the engine
 Fuel System
Calorific value: The heat liberated by
combustion of a fuel is known as calorific
value or heat value of the fuel.
It is expressed in kcal /kg of the fuel.
Calorific values of commonly used fuels are as
follows:
• Petrol – 11, 100 kcal/ kg
• High speed diesel (HSD) – 10,800 kcal/ kg
 Components
The fuel supply system of IC engine consists of:
(i) Fuel tank
(ii) Fuel filter
(iii) Sediment bowl
(iv) Fuel lift pump
(v) Carburettor (only in SI engine)
(vi) Fuel pipes
(vii) Spark Plug / Injector
Fuel Injection System of Mahindra
(Sarpanch)
Few Components
Fuel System
 Assignment 1
Draw fuel supply system of tractor and explain
the functions of different components of the
system.

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Flow Chart of Fuel System
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Cooling System of Tractor
Need of cooling system

Fuel is burnt inside the cylinder of an IC engine

of a tractor to produce power.
The temperature produced on the power stroke
is around 1600˚C.
Uncontrolled high temperature may lead to
expansion of the parts of the engine.
This expansion or melting of the metal
eventually stops the engine operation and
thereby power generation.
Need of cooling system contd…

Hence, the engine needs to be cooled down to a

particular temperature (80-90ºC) to keep it in
proper working condition.
To reduce the temperature, engine cooling
system is required.
Need of cooling system contd…

Cooling system serves the following purposes –

 To maintain optimum temperature of engine for
efficient operation
 To dissipate surplus heat from engine
components like cylinder, cylinder head, piston,
piston ring, valve
 To maintain the lubricating property of the oil
inside the engine cylinder for normal functioning
of the engine
Water cooling system

Tractor engines use water as cooling medium.

This is the reason why these are called “water
cooled engines”.
Water circulates around the cylinders and
absorbs heat from the cylinder walls. The heated
water is conducted through a radiator which
helps in cooling the water.
Types of water cooling system contd…

There are three common methods of water

cooling:

 Open jacket or hopper method,

 Thermo-siphon method, and
 Forced circulation method
Types of water cooling system contd…

Modern tractors are equipped with forced

circulation water cooling system. The
components of forced circulation system are:
 Water pump
 Radiator
 Fan
Fan
 Fan belt
 Water jacket
Fan Belt
Types of water cooling system contd…

 Thermostat valve
 Temperature gauge
 Hose pipe Thermostat Valve

Fan

Water Pump Temperature Gauge Hose Pipe

Types of water cooling system contd…

Close view of a tractor (Mahindra & Mahindra) cooling system

Working of the cooling system

In forced circulation method, it is noticed that a

water pump is used to force water from the
radiator to the water jacket of the engine.
After circulating the entire run of water jacket,
hot water goes to the radiator, where it passes
through tubes surrounded by air.
Water-cooling systems include the internal
passages in the engine block and head, a radiator
to reject heat to the air and a fan to move air
Working of the cooling system contd…

A forced-circulation water cooling system

Working of the cooling system contd…

through the radiator. A water pump is used in

modern engines for water circulation.
A pressure relief valve in the radiator cap
maintains the pressure in the cooling system.
Thermostat valve is a control valve, which is
used to control the water flow when activated by
a temperature signal.
The thermostat is usually placed in the water
passage between the cylinder head and the top
of the radiator.
Working of the cooling system contd…

The purpose of the thermostat is to close the

passage when the engine is cold, so that the
water circulation is restricted.
Thermostats are designed to start opening at
70ºC to 75ºC and then fully open at 88-90ºC.
GOOD LUCK