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A Nutritional Evaluation of Insect Meal as a

Sustainable Protein Source for Jumbo Quails:
Physiological and Meat Quality Responses
The use of insect meals in place of soybean meal in diets is critical for sustainable intensification of poultry
production, but the utility of this alternative dietary protein source is unknown for the Jumbo quail. Therefore, this
study investigated the effect of partial substitution of soybean with black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) meal on feed intake,
physiological, and meat quality parameters of Jumbo quails. Three hundred and fifteen mixed-gender quails (53.8 ±
5.19 g live-weight) were reared on five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic experimental diets formulated by replacing
soybean products with BSFL meal at 0 (BSFL0), 25 (BSFL25), 50 (BSFL50), 75 (BSFL75), and 100 (BSFL100) g/kg.
Feed intake, body weight gain, gain-to-feed ratio (G:F), blood parameters, and carcass and meat quality traits were
determined. Quadratic trends were observed for overall feed intake (y = 605 (±17.56) + 2.1 (±0.82)x − 0.02
(±0.008)x2; R2 = 0.20; p = 0.023) and overall body weight gain (y = 155 (±4.70) + 0.57 (±0.22)x − 0.005 (±0.002)x2;
R2 = 0.22; p = 0.026) in response to BSFL levels. However, there were neither linear nor quadratic trends for meat
quality and blood parameters, except for albumin-to-globulin ratio. Only gizzard size linearly increased (y = 0.05
(±0.004)x + 2.3 (±0.09); R2 = 0.18; p = 0.04) with BSFL levels. We concluded that BSFL meal could replace soybean
products in Jumbo quail diets at 54 g/kg without compromising weight gain and meat qualit

Performance, egg quality, and sensory

analysis of the eggs of quails fed whole
rice bran stabilized with organic acids
and stored for different amounts of time
Authors: E. Gopinger edezoo@yahoo.com.br , C. Bavaresco, V. Ziegler, J.S. Lemes, D.C.N. Lopes, M.C. Elias,

and E.G. XavierAUTHORS INFO & AFFILIATIONS

Publication: Canadian Journal of Animal Science

2 May 2016

https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2015-0144

Abstract
Whole rice bran (WRB) was added to Japanese quail feed, and the effects of stabilization of the WRB
with organic acids and its storage for different amounts of time were evaluated with respect to
performance and egg quality, centesimal composition, and sensory characteristics. We used 150 90-d-
old Japanese quails. We had a 5 × 2 factorial scheme of five storage periods (0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 d),
with and without organic acid treatment. To replace corn, 20% WRB was added to the diet. Feed
consumption increased for up to 71 d of bran storage (P = 0.01) and then subsequently decreased. An
increasing quadratic relationship was observed between egg mass and storage time for up to 71 d of
storage (P = 0.03); egg mass then decreased thereafter. The specific gravity of the eggs produced by
birds that received treated WRB at 0 d of storage was greater than those of eggs produced by birds that
received treated WRB after 90 d of storage. In conclusion, the organic acid treatment maintained the
quality of the WRB over up to 120 d of storage and could comprise 20% of the laying quails’ diet without
affecting growth performance, egg quality, bromatological composition, or the sensory attributes of the
eggs.
Performance and Egg Quality of Laying Hens Fed Diets Containing Raw, Hydrobarothermally-Treated and
Fermented Rapeseed Cake Magdalena

Kopacz 1 , Aleksandra Alicja Drazbo ˙ 1,* , Katarzyna Smieci ´nska ´ 2 and Katarzyna Ognik 3

The present study was conducted to investigate how raw rapeseed cake (RRC), hydrobaro thermally-
treated rapeseed cake (HRC) and fermented rapeseed cake (FRC) fed to laying hens over a period of 12
weeks affected their performance, and the quality, fatty acid (FA) profile and oxidative stability of eggs.
A total of 304 Hy-Line Brown laying hens at 36 weeks of age were distributed in a completely
randomized design to four treatment groups with 38 replicates per treatment and two hens per
replicate. The birds had ad libitum access to feed and water throughout the study. During the
experiment, the birds were fed isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets in mash form, with various protein
sources. In the control group (C), soybean meal (SBM) was the main source of dietary protein, whereas
the experimental groups were fed diets containing 20% of RRC, HRC or FRC. Hydrobarothermal
treatment and fermentation decreased the glucosinolate (GLS) content of RC, and fermentation reduced
the concentration of phytate phosphorus (PP). In comparison with the RRC group, layers from the HRC
and FRC groups were characterized by higher laying performance, comparable with that in group C.
Irrespective of its physical form, RC added to layer diets adversely affected eggshell quality in all
experimental groups, whereas albumen quality was highest in the FRC group. In comparison with group
C, diets containing RRC, HRC and HRC led to a significant decrease in the content of saturated fatty acids
(SFAs), an increase in the proportion of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the total FA
pool in egg yolks, and a decrease in the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio. The inclusion of RRC, HRC and FRC in layer
diets decreased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in egg yolks, relative to group C. Group FCR
eggs were characterized by the highest activity of catalase (CAT) and the lowest lipid peroxides LOOH
concentration, compared with the remaining groups. The addition of RC to layer diets did not
compromise the sensory quality of eggs, and eggs produced in group FRC received the highest overall
score. It can be concluded that the inclusion of 20% RRC, HRC and FRC in layer diets does not
compromise the sensory quality of eggs and has a beneficial influence on the FA profile and antioxidant
potential of egg yolks. The use of Animals 2021, 11, 3083. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11113083
https://www.mdpi.com/journal/animals Animals 2021, 11, 3083 2 of 15 FRC is recommended because it
contributes to the highest laying performance, superior albumen quality and the highest sensory quality
of eggs, relative to RRC and HRC.

Potential Value of Using Insect

Meal As an Alternative Protein
Source for Japanese Quail Diet
A feeding trial was conducted to determine the potential value of replacing 100 % of meat and bone
meal (MBM) ingredient as the major animal protein source in Japanese quail diets by 50% and
100% of insect meal derived from S. littoralis Larvae. A total of 360, 7 days-old quail chicks, were
randomly divided into three equal groups (120 chicks) with three replicates each. They were offered
three different diets 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The Diet 1 contained MBM only as a major source of
animal protein, diet 2 had both MBM (50%) and insect meal (50%) while diet 3 contained insect meal
(100%). Results: Partial or total replacement of S. littoralis larvae with MBM increased body weight
gain and improved feed conversion ratio (p≤0.05). Moreover, treated groups with insect meal were
economically much more profitable than conventional MBM. On the other hand, serum total protein,
albumin, globulin, triglycerides, cholesterol, total antioxidant, thyroxin, estradiol-17B, and
testosterone hormones level were significantly higher (p≤0.05) in treated groups than in the control
one. While, serum alkaline phosphates, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase
activities in all treated groups were within equal range and did not differ among them. The inclusion
of insect meal protein as a replacement for MBM up to 100% replacement has no adverse effect on
growth performance, carcass characteristics, hematological and serum biochemical indices of
growing Japanese quail chicks. Moreover, it can be used as one of a protein source for lowering the
production costs of poultry diets.

Recent advances in role of insects as

alternative protein source in poultry
nutrition

ABSTRACT

Insects are considered as a potential substitute for fishmeal (FM) and soybean
meal (SBM) in feeding mixtures for poultry diets. The intent of this paper is to
appraise the current work relating to the use of insects as alternative protein in
poultry feeding and the potential of large production of insects for the poultry feed
industry. Certainly insects have a mammoth prospective as a protein source and
other active substances (i.e. polyunsaturated fatty acids, antimicrobial peptides)
for poultry. On the basis of numerous studies, insects meal belonging to the
orders Diptera (black soldier fly, housefly), Coleoptera (mealworms),
Megadrilacea (earthworm), Lepidoptera (silkworm and cirina forda) and
Orthoptera (grasshoppers, locust and crickets), may be fruitfully used as feed
ingredient in poultry diets. Information regarding their nutritional composition and
biological evaluation was collected and compared it to SBM and FM.