2022-DSE

PHY Name
PAPER 2
Class

Class Number

ST. PAUL’S COLLEGE

F.6 INTERNAL EXAMINATION Mr. Kwok
Subject
2021 – 2022 Teacher Ms. Chan
PHYSICS PAPER 2
(1 hour)

Question-Answer Book
This paper must be answered in English.
Question 3 Marks
INSTRUCTIONS
MC /8
(1) After the announcement of the start of the
examination, you should first write your SQ / 10
Name, Class and Class Number in the
spaces provided on Page 1. Circle your
subject teacher. Total / 20

(2) This paper consists of TWO sections,

Section C and D. Each section contains
eight multiple-choice questions and one
structured question which carries 10 Question 4 Marks
marks. Attempt ALL questions in these
TWO sections.
MC /8
(3) Write your answers in the spaces provided
in this Question-Answer Book. For SQ / 10
multiple-choice questions, write your
answers in the boxes provided in this Total / 20
Question-Answer Book. You should write
only ONE answer for each question. If
you write more than one answer, you will
receive NO MARKS for that question.

(4) Graph paper and supplementary answer

sheets will be provided on request. Write
your name, class, class number and the
question number on each sheet, and fasten
them with string INSIDE this Question-
Answer Book.
FOR GRADER
(5) The diagrams in this paper are NOT
necessarily drawn to scale.
Overall Marks
(6) The last pages of this Question-Answer
Book contain a list of data, formulae and MC / 16
relationships which you may find useful.
SQ / 20
(7) No extra time will be given to candidates
for writing after the ’Time is up’
announcement.

2022-DSE-PHY 2-1 1
Section C : Energy and Use of Energy

Q.3: Multiple-choice questions

3.1 A tungsten filament bulb has an efficacy of 15 lm W–1 and a rating of ‘240 V, 60 W’. It is installed
at the ceiling of a flat (which is 3 m above the floor) and connected to a 220V mains supply.
Assume the efficacy and the resistance of the bulb does not change with the voltage across it. What
is the illuminance on a small area of the floor vertically below the bulb ?

A. 6.7 lx A B C D
B. 7.3 lx
C. 27 lx    
D. 29 lx

3.2 An LED lamp lights up when it is connected to a power supply. It keeps lighting up when the
potential difference across it decreases. Which of the following statements is/are correct ?

(1) The wavelength of the light emitted remains unchanged.

(2) The brightness of the lamp decreases.
(3) The energy consumed by the lamp decreases.

A. (3) only A B C D
B. (1) and (2) only
C. (2) and (3) only    
D. (1), (2) and (3)

2022-DSE-PHY 2-2 2
 3.3 Which of the following statements about an induction cooker and a microwave oven is/are correct ?

(1) Both make use of the heating effect of current.

(2) Both work inefficiently on dry foods.
(3) Both convert electrical energy into heat.

A. (2) only A B C D
B. (3) only
C. (1) and (2) only    
D. (1) and (3) only

3.4 An air conditioner is used to keep a room cool. Which of the following statements about the
condensing coil of the air conditioner is/are correct ?

(1) It cools down the air inside the room.

(2) It is located outside the room.
(3) Refrigerant is at high pressure passing through the condensing coil.

A. (2) only A B C D
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only    
D. (1), (2) and (3)

2022-DSE-PHY 2-3 3
 3.5 Which of the following is/are correct regarding the overall thermal transfer value (OTTV) of
buildings ?

(1) Higher OTTV implies a more energy efficient building.

(2) OTTV of a building can be increased by opening the windows to allow convection.
(3) OTTV of a building depends on the material of its walls.

A. (1) only A B C D
B. (3) only
C. (1) and (2) only    
D. (2) and (3) only

3.6 A hybrid electric vehicle with a regenerative braking system is now decelerating, which of the
following answers matches with this situation ?

A B C D

   

2022-DSE-PHY 2-4 4
 3.7 Wind turbines with the same efficiency are set up in two regions P and Q. The length of each blade
of each wind turbine in region P is one-third of that in region Q. The average wind speed in region
P is twice that in region Q. Estimate the ratio of the average power generated by each turbine in
region P to that in region Q.

A. 1:6 A B C D
B. 4:9
C. 8:9    
D. 27 : 4

3.8 The figure below shows a solar panel which makes an angle  with the horizontal. Sunlight falls
vertically on the panel.

Which of the following ways can increase the output voltage of the panel ?
(1) Connect all the solar cells in the panel in series.
(2) Increase the angle .
(3) Connect the output of the panel with a step-up transformer.

A. (1) only A B C D
B. (3) only
C. (1) and (3) only    
D. (2) and (3) only

2022-DSE-PHY 2-5 5
Q.3: Structured question

The figure below shows a shipping container without window.

(a) Inside the container, there is an air conditioner. Part of the energy label affixed to the air
conditioner is shown below:

840
2.52

Find the coefficient of performance of the air conditioner. (2 marks)

(b) On a hot day, the air conditioner in (a) is used to cool the container. The temperature outside is
32 C and the container is not shone directly by sunlight. The average U-value of the envelope of
the container is 5.1 W m−2 K−1. The total area of the envelope is 72 m2. The air conditioner
works at its maximum power. After a period of time, the container is cooled to a temperature such
that the heat removed by the air conditioner is equal to the heat gain through the envelope.

(i) Estimate the temperature inside the container. (2 marks)

2022-DSE-PHY 2-6 6
 (ii) Explain why the actual temperature inside is higher than the answer in (b)(i).
(2 marks)

(c) Later, the above shipping container is transformed into a site office and part of the walls are replaced
by glass windows. The owner of the site office wants to apply solar control films to the windows.

(i) Two kinds of films are available. Their percentages of absorption of different components
in sunlight are as shown.

Consider both the load of air conditioning and the load of lighting. Which kind of film
should be chosen ? Briefly explain. (3 marks)

(ii) Besides applying solar control film, suggest one more way to increase the energy efficiency
of the site office. (1 mark)

2022-DSE-PHY 2-7 7
Section D : Medical Physics

Q.4: Multiple-choice questions

4.1 Cindy suffers from long sight. Her near point is 1.5 m. What is the power of her correcting lens
such that she can see clearly an object 0.2 m from her eye ?

A. −0.769 D A B C D
B. +0.769 D
C. +4.33 D    
D. −4.33 D

4.2

The figure above shows how light propagates in a section of optical fibre. The angle of incidence
for total internal reflection just to occur in the core is θ. Which of the following statements is
correct ?

A. When the angle of incidence is larger than θ, total internal A B C D

reflection does not occur.
B. The value of θ changes when the optical fibre is bent.    
C. The refractive index of the cladding is larger than that of the core.
D. The value of θ decreases if the cladding is removed.

4.3 The frequency of an ultrasound wave affects

(1) its attenuation when travelling in a certain medium.
(2) the percentage decrease in its intensity after transmitting through the interface between two
media.
(3) the spatial resolution of the image when it is used in an ultrasound scan.

A. (1) and (2) only A B C D

B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only    
D. (1), (2) and (3)

4.4 A radionuclide is injected into a patient’s body. Its physical half-life and biological half-life are
both approximately equal to 4 days. How long does it take for the activity of the radionuclide inside
the patient’s body to reduce to below one-hundredth of its original value ?

A. 4 days A B C D
B. 7 days
C. 14 days    
D. 50 days

2022-DSE-PHY 2-8 8
 4.5 Which of the following images is/are produced by measuring the intensity of ionizing radiation
transmitted through a patient’s body from an external source ?
(1) CT image
(2) Radionuclide image
(3) Ultrasound image

A. (1) only A B C D
B. (1) and (2) only
C. (1) and (3) only    
D. (2) and (3) only

4.6

A patient is having an ultrasound A-scan of an internal organ. Given that the speed of sound in soft
tissue is 1500 m s−1, what is the time taken for the transducer to detect the reflected pulse from the
front surface of the organ after the pulse is emitted ?

A. 30 s A B C D
B. 60 s
C. 120 s    
D. 240 s

4.7 Which of the following statements about cone cells is incorrect ?

A. One end of a cone cell is cone-shaped. A B C D

B. Cone cells are responsible for colour vision.
C. There are three types of cone cells in a human eye.    
D. Cone cells are evenly distributed on the retina except at the blind
spot.

4.8 An ultrasound wave is incident on a boundary formed by media A and B. Suppose the acoustic
impedances of A and B are 3 × 106 kg m−2 s−1 and 6 × 106 kg m−2 s−1 respectively. What is the
intensity reflection coefficient ?

A. 0.11 A B C D
B. 0.25
C. 0.33    
D. 0.50

2022-DSE-PHY 2-9 9
Q.4: Structured question

(a) (i) High-energy X-rays are used in the treatment of a cancer tumour inside a patient’s body.
The patient is given a series of scans before the treatment is started. Discuss how these
scans are used to help provide the best and safest treatment for the patient when using the
high-energy X-rays. (1 mark)

(ii) In the past, doctors could only use a simple X-ray image to assess head injuries. A CT scan
is now a preferred technique. By describing the basic principles of a CT scanner and the
advantage of the CT scan over a simple X-ray image for head injuries, discuss why the CT
scan has replaced the simple X-ray image to assess head injuries, but a simple X-ray
procedure is suitable for assessing other injuries. (4 marks)

2022-DSE-PHY 2-10 10
 (b) Below shows several curves of equal loudness. (Io = 1.0 × 10-12 W m-2)

(i) Kelvin is standing 0.6 m in front of a loudspeaker. The loudspeaker is producing a pure
note of 100 Hz, and the note heard by him is 40 phons. What is the intensity of the
note ? (1 mark)

(ii) Kelvin now moves away from the loudspeaker until he can only barely hear the note. What
is the distance between Kelvin and the loudspeaker now ? (2 marks)

(iii) A student claims that “hearing loss must be permanent and the amount of damage depends
solely on the intensity of noise”. Comment on his statement. (2 marks)

END OF PAPER

2022-DSE-PHY 2-11 11
 List of data, formulae and relationships
Data

molar gas constant R = 8.31 J K-1 mol-1

Avogadro constant NA = 6.02 × 1023 mol−1
acceleration due to gravity g = 9.81 m s-2 (close to the Earth)
universal gravitational constant G = 6.67 × 10-11 N m2 kg-2
speed of light in vacuum c = 3.00 × 108 m s-1
charge of electron e = 1.60 × 10-19 C
electron rest mass me = 9.11 × 10-31 kg
permittivity of free space  0 = 8.85 × 10-12 C2 N-1 m-2
permeability of free space 0 = 4 10−7 H m-1
atomic mass unit u = 1.661 × 10-27 kg (1 u is equivalent to 931 MeV)
11
astronomical unit AU = 1.50 × 10 m
light year ly = 9.46 × 1015 m
parsec pc = 3.09 × 1016 m = 3.26 ly = 206265 AU
Stefan constant  = 5.67 × 10-8 W m-2 K-4
Planck constant h = 6.63 × 10-34 J s

Rectilinear motion Mathematics

For uniformly accelerated motion : Equation of a straight line y = mx + c

v = u + at Arc length = r
1
s = ut + at 2 Surface area of cylinder = 2 r h + 2 r 2
2
v 2 = u 2 + 2as Volume of cylinder = r2 h

Surface area of sphere = 4 r 2

4
Volume of sphere =  r3
3

For small angles, sin   tan   (in radians)

Energy and Use of Energy Medical Physics


E= illuminance   1.22λ Rayleigh criterion (resolving power)
A d

Q A (TH − TC ) power =
1
=k rate of energy transfer by conduction
f
power of a lens
t d
 L = 10 log
I
U = thermal transmittance U-value intensity level (dB)
d I0
1
P =  Av 3 maximum power by wind turbine Z=c acoustic impedance
2
Ir (Z − Z ) 2
= = 2 1 2 intensity reflection coefficient
I 0 (Z 2 + Z1 )
transmitted intensity through a
I = I0e−x medium

2022-DSE-PHY 2-12 12
 Q1Q2
A1. E = mc T energy transfer during D1. F= Coulomb’s law
heating and cooling 4 0 r 2

Q
A2. E =  m energy transfer during D2. E= electric field strength due to a
change of state 4 0 r 2 point charge

V
A3. pV = nRT equation of state for an D3. E= electric field between parallel
ideal gas d plates (numerically)

1 l
A4. pV = Nmc 2 kinetic theory equation D4. R= resistance and resistivity
3 A
3RT
A5. Ek = molecular kinetic energy D5. R = R1 + R2 resistors in series
2N A

1 1 1
D6. = + resistors in parallel
R R1 R2

v p
B1. F =m = force D7. P = IV = I 2 R power in a circuit
t t

B2. moment = F  d moment of a force D8. F = BQ sin  force on a moving charge in a
magnetic field
B3. EP = mgh gravitational potential D9. F = BIl sin force on a current-carrying
energy conductor in a magnetic field
1 0 I
B4. E k = mv 2 kinetic energy D10. B= magnetic field due to a long
2 2 r straight wire

0 NI magnetic field inside a long

B5. P = Fv mechanical power D11. B=
l solenoid

v2 
B6. a= =  2r centripetal acceleration D12. =N induced e.m.f.
r t

Gm1m2 VS N S ratio of secondary voltage to

B7. F= Newton’s law of D13.  primary voltage in a
r2 gravitation VP N P
transformer

D
C1. y = fringe width in double- E1. N = N0e−kt law of radioactive decay
a slit interference
E2. ln 2
C2. d sin  = n diffraction grating t1 = half-life and decay constant
equation k
2

1 1 1 activity and the number of

C3. + =
u v f
equation for a single E3. A = kN
lens undecayed nuclei

E4. E = mc 2 mass-energy relationship

2022-DSE-PHY 2-13 13