Cloud Computing (KCS-713)

Unit-3
Layered Cloud Architecture
Architecturally, Cloud can be divided as 4 layers:
Physical layer: Contains physical servers, network etc

Infrastructure layer: Virtualized servers, networking and storage resources. Infrastructure as a

Servce the hosted
is
delivery of infrastructure services such as servers, networks and other hardware to
consumers. laaS provides consumers access to on-demand, scalable storage and compute power.

Platform layer: contains components or services like Windows

Azure, Google App Engine A
platform for development and deployment. Platform as a Service offers a complete platform and the
tools to develop and deploy applications the
on
platform.
Application Layer: This is the layer end users interact with. This contains software which is delivered
as service like Gmail. Salesforce, dropbox etc. Software as a Service is the hosted delivery of Software
that consumers can access over the internet. Two features of a SaaS application are scalability and
configurability. SaaS applications should be able to quickly scale with demand. In mature Saas
applications, the customer should be able to customize their instance of the software using meta-data.

Cloud architecture is not as simple as it first seems. Cloud is the outcome of several layers of cloud
architccture intelligently placed over one another. Before we move towards the various layers, take a
look at the more general picture of cloud layers below

lHardware Layer: This bottom most layer of cloud architecture, the hardware layer. primarily deals
with all the hardware powering clouds. The hardware includes but is not restricted to routers. servers,

SWitches. power and cooling systems.

layer, the infrastructure layer is where all the

Infrastructure Layer: Also called the virtualization
servers are pooled together into one.

structures
Platform 1ayer: The platform layer comprises
the operating system and other requisition
and is based over the infrastructure layer
the topmost layer - contains
Application Layer: As the name suggesis,
the application layer -
end-user.
applicalions that direetly interact with the
Cloud
Coud cOnputing architecture is made
of several layers for better operational eftciency.
network and
virtualized resources like servers.
COnirolier or CL 1s at the lop and is used to manage
the demands of the users.
as a storage controller to manage
Wialrus is the nexI layer and used
sloragc. machines and extemal users.
virtual networking between Virtual
Cluster Controller or CC' manages the Virtual inachines
Controller or SC is a block-form storage device,
dynamicaly attached by
Siorage
 next layer is NC or Node Controller. It acts hypervisor and controls the Virtual machines
The as a

activities such as exccution, management and termination of many instanceS.

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hayerd doud th itahute beaiau

Architecture of Cloud Computing9
Client Infrastructure Front End

internet

Application
Service

RUntime CloUC
Back End

Storage
intrastructure
Main Characteristics of a Cloud
1. On-demand self-service

s e r v i c e proVider.
In
interaction from the
computing resources can be provisioned without human necded
Cloud r e s o u r c e s as

words, a manufacturing organization can provision additional computing machine

other be a storage space.
virtual
scrvice provider. This can
without going through the cloud
instances, database instances, and so on.

access their cloud

interface to
can use a web self-service portal as an
Manutacuring organizations s e r v i c e s as they
provision and de-provisi1on
usage, and also
to
accounts to see thCir cloud services, their
necd to.

2. Broad network
access

diverse customer
the network and can be accessed by
resources are available over
broadband
Cloud computing network-ideally high
available over a
It other words, cloud services are
platforms. clouds it could be a local
area

link-such as the internet, or in the case of a private

communication

network (LAN).

cloud computing and broad network

Network bandwidth and latency
important aspects of
are very
service (QoS) on the network. This is particularly
access, because they
relate to the quality of
sensitive manufacturing applications.
important for serving time

3. Multi-tenancy and
resource pooling

a multi-tenant model. Multi-tenancy allows

resources designed to support
are
Cloud computing infrastructure while retaining
or the same physical
share the same applications
multiple customers to similar 1o people living in an apartment building,
their information. It's
privacy and security
over

still have their own apartments and privacy within

infrastructure but they
sharing the same building works.
that infrastructure. That is how cloud multi-tenancy

customers are serviced Irom the same physical resourcecs

pooling means that multiple
Resource
and flexible enough to service multiple client
Providers' resource pool should be very large
When it comes to resource pooling, r e s o u r c e
provide lor economy of scale.
requirements and to
applications.
allocation must not impact performances of critical manufacturing

4. Rapid elasticity and scalability

resourees in the cloud
about cloud compuling is the ability to quickly provision
One of the great things don't need them.
them. And then to remove them when they
i4s manulacturing organizatio11s necding cases, automatically, in
scale or down rapidly and, in some
resources can up
Cloud computing and
feature of cloud computing. The usage, capacity.
response to busincss demands. It is a key
can be scaled up or
down with n0 additional contract or penalties.
thereforc cost,
 tda-gron
sacn uny of the cioud computng rure
g g apuy to siorage or vitual machnes or cusamr t u

c
adoumg
cabity.theTe o

ore piacn

e he ioud can handie that scalang up or scalng áow

ad sczlahiity he cioud
Aher
1catrt zi2abic for zpd elasticn needs r z

facturng pplicatioms fa i ufang organization

before
supeTvsory conrol nd de2 accist oSCADA sys
s t a

oductao. hey can have it up and ring e seai of peysa or

hurcwarc 10 De shup

Measured service
ions pa aco
resourccs uszge is meeered znd marutacuring o r g
computing
have used. Resource utilizztion can be opimizedby evaregngcharge-per-*or
warthey insznces har are nning sto
usage-abether viruai
server
thzt cloud resource E
Ths eas

and reported by the cloud service provider.

monitored. measured
th cioud s variable based on he actual co
i on pay or what you usehe payment is
ganizatio standords and 1hnoo LIST
Nahra Inhkuke o Architecture
AIST Cloud Computing Reference
SIST deffres cloud computing as-
to a shared poo.
convenien. on-demand network 2ccss

ha:
m o d e tor enabling ubiquitous. applications. and senies

resources (e.g..
networks.
seT ers. storage. provider
gLrable computing eiion or senice
with minimal management
provisioncd
and releascd
and.
senices a r c
serve as a
means tor bruad comparnsons oi cloud
intended to tor eloud
shon devrption is
on the overall best uses

while providing a baseline tor discussion

ep.oyment sirategieS

0.putin aptops. and mobi.e pliones.

identified self-service.
accessibility from desktops. tha: can be
ST defin.t.on
resources
elastic
users and applications.
MoTEs that are pooled among muluple
as necded hat contains
idly reapporioned create cloud computing
inirastructure

characteristics are combined. they

When these
an abstraction layer.
Doth a physical layer
and
that support the cloud
services (1.e sern ers.
resources
consists of hardware
The physical layer
siorage and nctwork
components). ihereoy e\prs
soilware deployed across
the physica. layer.
abstraction layer consIsts of the
The delinitton.
NISTs
essential haracteristies
of the cloud per
e

DeploymentModels as per NISST

 by
ployment models represent a specific type of cloud environment that are distinguished
A :loud deple
yship, sizc, and access. NIST offers guidance via their definitions of each of the tour deploy

ud models (Private, Community, Public, and Hybrid).

cloud

Private Cloud
dedicated to a Singie
Private cloud computing is a deployment model that is purchased and
cient or company in a single-tenant environment where the hardware, storage and nevo

assume the highest levels of security.

other nan ine
2Data thal is storcd in the private clouds data centercannot be accessed by anyone
their data is too
cient that owns it. This is a great solution for organizations that feel as though
sensitive or valuable to put on a public, community or hybrid cloud.
automate their data center thereby
3 The private cloud also gives administrators the ability to for sate and
important
minimizing manual provisioning and management which is incredibly
secure day-to-day operations to flourish.

Community Cloud
a
model as one that is used Cxclusively by
. NIST defines a community cloud deployment c o n c e r n s (e.g.. mission
that have shared
consumers from organizations
specitic community of
and compliance considerations).
security requirements, policy,
in the
more of the organizat1ons
managed, and operated by
one or
2. tmay be owned, oll premises.
it may ex1st on or
or some
combination of them, and
community. a third party,
if they share
companies work on the same platform
platform allows several
This muli-ienant joint
3 A community cloud
allows companies to
collaborate on

similar needs and

concerns.

or research in a secure setting.

projects, applications,

Public Cloud made

by cloud service providers and
model that is owned
. A public cloud is a deployment demand without investing in
capabilities on

available to the public. Customers can gain new

into the public cloud.

new hardware or software by tapping
only for the resources
fec or pay for
cloud provider a subscription
2. Customers simply pay their administration. maintenance.
for all the
wish to use. The vendor is then responsible
they troubleshooting.
and
capacity planning, backups,
massiVC amounts of storage that allows
handle
cloud can simullaneously al
. ach publie available to their users a
and become more
lo handle multiple projects
businesses the ability
moment's notice.

Iybrid Cloud cloud models in a single

collaboration of private and public
models are a
easily
iybrid cloud deployment environments where applications can

comprised of parallel
Chvironmcnt. Hybrid clouds are

clouds.
nove between private and public
Aaisof Cloud Senice Models (NIST Guided
thre posstble cloui senas calvgoNIS
AS Cioud Coanouting Detinition provides and
n r
mdeis) Sottare as a Senice (Saas), Platrom as a Sernicr qPaaS),
S n a r (laaS) With resnor: to the NIST Cloud Compuing ReleNN
Senice aer, nhich is part
C R A L oud s e n i s a r mads available in the

Orhs staA
that is
distinguished by factors: the computing canability
S Pes a:s are bes nwo

CSCseomnon seniee centre) (end user, dencloper. or

l
the praman and or
the PaaS context refers to adevoelopment platton
Dons The term plattorn" in
in the
The tem "plattorm" is broadly uscd
plartormm tor cloud-enabled applications. with regnd to

n d u s y . t herefore helps to understand the context of the tem

SasSoftwareas 2 service)
cloud
the CSC is to use the CSP's applications nunning on a

provided to
The capabiliry

either a thin client intertace.

are accessible rom vanous
client devices through
icatons
intertace.
web-based email). or a program
a web brOw ser (e.g.
intrastructure including netw ork,
or control the underlying cloud
does not manage
even individual appiication
capabilities, with the
storage. or
s . operating systems.
user-specitic application contiguration
settings
poSsible exception of limited
applications (e.g., web or

The tem "applications" in the

SaaS context refers to cloud enabled
characteristic -

broad network access.

essential
mobile) by nature of supporting
virtual machine.
applications that may be installed on a

This differs from VM desktop

thin client
accesible from
various client devices through either a
are interface
SaaS applications
email). or application programming
erface. such as a
web browser (eg.. wcb-based

ot an APl. A web application is not necessarily

be evtensible by way
S2aS applications may cloud service.
itselt qualities as a
C2sidered SaaS. unless
the application

tor all aspects of making the software service

Te SaaS providr is ypically respons:ble
of any Paas and laaS dependencies.
2v2:.able. including the availability
 is
The NIST Relerence Architecture for Cloud Computing clarifics that the SaaS provIder
esponsible tor deploying, contiguring, maintaining, and updating the operation of the solwac

applications on a cloud infrastructure.

10The tenm "provider" refers to the for making the service available and hay
entity responsible
therelore be ditferent than the SaaS applieation devcloper.

PaaSPattorm as a Service)
or
The capability provided to the CSC is to deploy onto the cloud infrastructure CSC-crealcd

cquired applications created using progranmming languages, libraries, services, and loo1s
supported by the provider.

The does not manage control the underlying cloud infrastructurc including networK,
CS or
and
the deployed applications
servers, operating systems, or storage, but has control over

for the application-hosting environment.

possibly configuration settings
The term "platfornm" in the PaaS context refers to a development and/or deployment platlorm
for cloud-cnabled applications.

4. The tem "platform" in the PaaS context refers to a development and/or deployment platform
for cloud-enabled applications.
web or
cloud enabled applications (e.g..
The term "applications" in the PaaS context refers to
characteristic broad network access. This differs
mobile) by nature of supporting essential
-

installed on a virtual nmachine.

from VM/desktop applications that may be
CSCs:
extensible SaaS or web application by its primary
6 PaaS is distinguished from an

end users. The applications can be CSC-created or acquired.

developers versus

tools
The applications can be created using programming
languages, libraries, services, and
7.
of compatible
This does not necessarily preclude the
use
supported by the provider.
and tools from other sources.
programming languages, libraries, scrvices,
service available, including any
8 A PaaS may be
provider responsible for making the platform
as a shared responsibility model.
laaS dependencies. These typical terms may be negotiated

laaS (Infrastructureas a Service)2

networks, and other
.The capability provided to the CSC to provision processing. storage,
the CSC can deploy and run arbitrary software, which
fundamental computing resources where
can include operating systems
and applications.

2. The CSC docs not manage or control the underlying cloud inlrastructure but has control over
sclect
storage, and deploycd applications, and possibly limited control of
operating systems,
networking components (e.g., host firewalls)
soltware-defined.
3 The infrastructurc service is typically
 Infrastructure asa Service is distinctly different from cloud infrastructure (see definition) and
4
also different irom the underlying physical infrastructure.

ana
The tems "sofiware" and in the laaS context refers to VM/desktop software
"application"
applications, rather than referring to cloud-cnabled SaaS or web applications.

The infrastructure service may optionally include a pre-installed operating sysiem and one
.
support VM/desktop software and applications, such as web server.

that the CSC deploy and run many

The "arbitrary software" in this
ternm context means can

software.
types of VM/desktop

Architectural Design Challenges M )

I. Cost needs
the platform according to the company's
Cloud computing itself is affordable, but tuning clouds can prove
can be expensive. Furthermore,
the expense of transferring the data to public

to be a problem for short-lived and small-scale projects.

and acquisitions. But
can save some money on system
maintenance, managemcnt,
Compaies control in an
the absence of routine
invest in additional bandwidth, and
they also have to
increase costs.
infinitely scalable computing platform
can

2. Service Provider Reliability as price. The

technical service provider are as important
The capacity and capability of a
should be the
need them. The main
concen

provider must be available when you via

scrvice the techniques
sure you comprehend
sustainability and reputation. Make
s e r v i c e provider's claims.
observes its services and defcnds dependability
which a provider
3. Downtime seller can promise a platform
shortcoming of cloud technology. No
Downtime is a significant reliant on their
makes small companies
downtime. Cloud technology think
that is free of possible internet connection probably want to
with an untrustworthy
connectivity, so companies
cloud computing.
wice before adopting
4. Password Security the more people
vital role in cloud security. However,
password supervision plays
a
Industrious Anybody aware of your passwords
secure it is.
account, the less
have accessing your cloud
you store there.
the in formation you that passwords are
will be able to a c c e s s authentication and make sure
multi-factor
Businesses should employ leave. Acccss rights related to
when stall members
particularly
protected and altered regularly, alloc:ated to those
who require them.
should only be
passwords and
usernames

being for
the cloud should be defined
as
5. Data privacy in
information that is kep1
Sensitive and personal Businesses must have a plan to securely
third parties.
1not to be shared with
intemal use only,
manage
the data they gather.
and cfficiently
6. Vendor lock-in lock-in" happens
is eisier than leaving it. *Vendor
agreemeit
Entering a cloud computing or just not possible.
It could be that the
cxpensive
is cither cxcessively
when altering providers viable vendor substitute.
is no
nonstandard or that there
Scrvice is
Dare

anu
down buyer carefulness. Guarantce the services you involve
to are typical
lcomes
Irasportable to other providers, and above all, understand the requirements.
wnat
to know
loud compuing 1S a good solution for many businesses, but it's important
lirst wIll nelpP
gelng imto, Having plans to address thesc six prominent challenges
youTe
ensure a successful experiepec.

hat is Cloud Storagéf

a cloud
model that stores data on the Internet through
Cloud storage is a cloud computing on demand
service. It's delivered
who manages and operates data storage as a
compuling provider own dala storage
capacily and costs, and eliminates buying and managing your
w ith just-il-lime
ald
scale and durability, with "*anytime, anywhere
infrastnucture. This you agility, global
gives
access.

Cloud Storage Work?

How Does
and operales data storagce
from a third party cloud vendor who owns
purchased
is vendors
Cloud storage model. These cloud storage
dehvers il over the Internel in a pay-as-you-go
around the
capacily and applications all
to make data accessible to your
and durability
manage capacity, security
world. API.
protocols or directly via an
traditional storage
access cloud storage through secure and analyze
Applications to help collect, managc,
services designed
vendors offer complementary
Many
scale.
data at massive
Skaa)
Benefits of Cloud Storage
three areas:
data in the cloud
lets IT depártmentstranstTorm
Storing hardware to purchase, storage
to
there is no
With cloud storage, capacily on
Total Cost of Ownership.
remove
scenarios. You can add or

uscd lor "'somcday"

provision. or capilal being characteristics. and only pay for slorage
and retention
performance moved to lower
demand, quickly change accessed data can
even be automatically
use. Less frequently
that you actually economies of scalc.
wilh auditable rules, driving
accordance
cost tiers in should
intiastructure
teams are ready to execute,
When development amount of storage
Time to Deployment. deliver the exact
2 allows IT to quickly
Cloud storage application
n e v e r slow
them down. on solving complex
allows T to focus
needed. This
when it's
necded, right storage systems.
manage
having to
problems instead of leverage point
ercates a tremendous
in the cloud
Central1zing storage
3. Infommation Management. management policies, you can perform
cloud storage lilecycle down data in
for new use cases. By using automated tiering or locking
lasks including
information management
powerful
requirements.
Support ol conipliance
Cloud Storage ReguirementS
D a t a i -

and multiplec
idcally across muliple facilities
1Dala should be redundiantly stored, should not result
im
urability. mechanical faults
Dur
Nalural disasters, hunan emor, or
cach lacility.
ices in

lala loss between

a difference
but there is
be available when necded.
should retrieval
alabiliiy. All
dat balanee of
A deliver the right
dala and arehives.
The ideal cloud storage will
roduction
prod
111Cs and cost. access
and
transit. Permissions
both at rest and in
dala is 1deally enerypted,
Sccurity. All they do for
on premises
storage.
work jusl as well in the cloud as

ontrols should

Typesof Cloud Storage and block storage.

Eacn

storage, file
storage,
data slorage: object
There are three types of cloud
their own use cases
advantages and has
offers their
own storage's
advantage of object
cloud often take
Applications developed in the solutions like
Amazon Simple
. Object Storage characteristics. Object storage scalc
metadata that require
scalability and from seratch
vast applications or

Service (S3) are ideal for building modern stores for analytics,
backup,
Storage existing data
and can also be used to import
and tlexibilily,
This
archive a file system.
shared files and
require File
need to access server.
Some applications Attached Storage (NAS)
File Storage
-

with a Network like large

often supported for use c a s e s
of storage is (EFS) are ideal
type File System
Amazon Elastic
directories.
solutions like user home
storage environments,
media stores, or
development
content repositories, often require
databases or
ERP systems
applications like (DAS)
d i r c c t - a t t a c h e d storage
Other enterprise
3 Block Storage -each host. This is analogous to
Amazon Elastie
storage for solutions like
dedicated. low latency cloud storage
ultra low latency
Block-bascd

Arca Network
(SAN). and offer the
or a Storage each virtual s e r v e r
with
are provisioned
Block Store (EBS)
workloads.
required for high performance

Storag
Advantagesof Cloud

accessibility feature of drag and

I. 'sability and interlace and provide a
LIser
with an easy-t0-use both have a
services come
ilDrive Irom Apple. They
Most of the cloud drive lrom Google or

can think of Google online drive without any expert

drop. For instance, you upload your
lile on your
retrieve that
can casily mobile device, you can
and you drive using a
Sinple interface, saved a lile in
where you are
if you have It doesn't matter
nowledge. For example, device WIth
internel connectivily.
online
other which is saved
.e a computer
or any can access your liles,
using internet
coniicclio1, you
ripht now. If you have a good
centers.
SO}Newhere on the data
 uri

axsoriated with the imtemct, then

is
a n y t h i r safety becomes our primary conccrn, and mostly tue
mall businesses use cloud storage services, so before they choose a cloud service tor iner
they make sure thal service provided giving them better security
doud storape saves your data aCross
7heokeud the rcdundant servers, if of the data Centers
data will be managed by the other data Cnters, which make your data sale gi
so cven onc
collapsov. vour an
I s d f all the data centers of the storage provider get collapse or destroycd, then only your data
and ihis is cntirely formed of
uld be lest impossible phenomena because a cloud storage service is
of data centers
thousands

S n eof the cloud storage vendors keep the copies of your dala at the different data centers, so evcn i

hedata get lost or corrupted at the server, the backup must be there.

3.Cost-efficient

onlinc
only using the cloud the storage problem. By using
storage service, the business outsources
By the
resources. With this technology.
storage. the enteprise reduces the expenses of internal
data

the cloud
inner power and support to manage and store their data,
company itselt docs not need any
storage
handles all. There are some cloud
vendor services provided which give cloud storage
storage
individual users.
al an affordable price. which is a win-win offer for small business and
for a lifetune

4. Convenient sharing of files

with
which helps you to share your file
Every cloud storage service provides the file-sharing features,
users to view your data. Mostly
You can either send a anotheruser or invite multiple
file to
other users
the same cloud service can
share
cloud environment in which two users using
the vendors provide a

few service vendors that offer

the eross-platfom file sharing
a l l

thet dala. though there are only a

features
5. Automation
file in the cloud, it
systenm, and il you want to store any
like a your hard disk on
Cloud storage works cloud storage service, and
There may be more
than one user using a
task.
will not temper any ongoing since it is all is managed and
would not affect the task of another
the
curent responsibility of one user
automated by the cloud vendor

6. Multiple users
associated with it. With cloud storage,
than one use
have more
access to your files to
environment can
The samc cloud can give
instance, you
with the common 1ile. For
ultiple users can
collaborate
author1zed person can
access your file from
The
access and edl your ile
muluple users so
thcy can

any part of the world

n real-umc

. Synchronization
data
synchronizalion, you sync the cloud storage
can
feature. Wilh
gives the sync
EVery storage vendor
access our dala Irom any device and any part
have discussed, we can
As we
with any device you want.
 Norld. but this accessibility is done with the help of synchronization. With proper credenais
of the
access your
ean log your subscribed storage service with any devicc, and you will be able to
in 1o
to
you
data from one devICe
hat have been stored in that cloud storagc. There is no need to copy
datatha
all
all
bul you nced a good intcmet conncction to have access to all of your
ather,
anothe
files.

8. Convenient

onine.
all is done
do not need any
hard disk or flash drive to access or view your data-
VOu a storage
device or you can
or data, you may require
il you want to download any file
However,
want to surf your data, then
it would not occupy any
that data in your device. But if you
download will reflect on every
to the data, all the changes
device. Even if you make any changes knowledge
space on your or technical
with that storage service. You do not require any expert
device which synced
is
vendor itself.
is managed by the
cloud storage service. All the heavy lifting
the
to use

9. Scalable the
can upgrade
enough, you
plan ofstorage is
not
scalable and lexible. If
the current the extra space
will
Cloud storage is
from location to another;
data one
And do not necd to move any
you
service plan. extra features.
environment with some
to your storage
be added

10. Disaster recovery encounter

of their data. If they
store all the copies why
where they and that is
business has a backup storage plan data from their backup
plan,
Fvery retrieve the best
of data problem, they service provides
can
or loss Cloud storage
collapse this problem. so itf
any to deal with as a data backup
storage,
is the best method cloud storage
cloud storage business can use
data. Any cloud.
platform for disaster recovery
retrieve backup
data from the
can

there is a data loss, the company

Shorhooiet Ss
frmaxen S3
2)Sevvrce Provicer
exn CLM cvga urakty.
clouol noviclex C
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