CREATIVE WRITING REVIEWER ● Foil

- Contrast to the major

CHARACTER character to highlight the
- Imagined person who inhabits a particular qualities of the
story. latter.
- May be based on a real person whom
the writer uses as a model. ● Flat characters and Round
characters
TYPES OF CHARACTER - Flat characters - stock
character or stereotypes who
● Stock characters or Stereotyped are capable of advancing the
characters plot, but require only the
- Characters in commercial barest outlines of description.
fiction are usually - Round characters - usually
stereotypes. the protagonist.
- Require minimally detailed - Have more than just
portrayal. one trait.
- Have dominant virtues. - Complex and at times
● Hero/Heroine complicated.
- Leading character or the - Possess traits that
“good” character who may even seem
opposes the villain. contradictory.
- Villain - “bad” character. - Seem very real to
- Lead character - ordinary readers just like our
human being friends, neighbors,
- Also called the etc.
antihero/heroine
because he does not ● Static and Dynamic characters
fit the traditional - Static characters - do not
heroic mold. experience basic character
● Protagonist changes
- Older and more neutral term - Dynamic characters -
than “hero/heroine” for the experience changes
leading character. throughout the development
- Opponent of the antagonist. of the story.
● Major or Main Characters - May undergo sudden
- Also called lead characters. changes but these are
- More complex than the usually expected
minor characters. based on the events of
the story.
POINT OF VIEW
 - Very important in telling a story. - Narrator knows everything about the
- Refers to the narrator of the story, characters.
the vantage point from where the
readers observe the events, the Editorial omniscience
writer’s special angle of vision, or - The author, who knows everything,
whose perspective is told. may express through the narrator
occasional comments or opinions.
NARRATOR
- Every story has the teller from whose Authorial intrusion
eyes we look through as we read. - If the author comments directly on
an action.
FOCUS
- Functions like a camera. The limited point of view
- Frame through which characters, - Also called selective omniscience or
events, and other important details central intelligence.
are viewed. - Uses a major or minor character as
the sole viewpoint character.
VOICE
- Words that embody the story. NARRATIVE DEVICES

Stream of Consciousness
UNDERSTANDING VARIOUS POINTS - Intended to render the flow of
OF VIEW myriad impressions-visual, auditory,
physical, associative, and subliminal-
● First person as they occur in the narrator’s mind,
- Narrator is a participant. and not in a smooth, sequential, or
- First-person pronouns (I, me, flowing way.
my, mine, we, our, us)
- Narrator may either be a Interior monologue
major or a minor character. - Make the character speak out loud
● Second person like delivering a speech for the
- Second-person pronouns readers to overhear.
- Mostly told in future tense. - Fully constructed.
● Third person
- Third-person pronouns PLOT or PLOT STRUCTURE
- Nonparticipant narrator. - Sequence of events that has
- Author takes on the role of beginning, middle, and end.
the narrator.
Exposition
All-knowing point of view
- Sees into the minds of all characters.
 - The writer introduces the character, Climax
situation, and, usually, the setting or - Central moment of crisis.
time and place. - Point of greatest tension which
- You can begin a story in medias res initiates the falling action.
(in the middle of things).
Resolution/Denouement
Rising Action - Final part of the plot.
- Introduce complications that are
either internal or external. SETTING
- Place and time in which a event
● Conflict - event, situation, or happens.
circumstance that shakes up a stable
situation. LOCALE
- A struggle between two - Story takes place.
opposing forces.
- Propels the events of the Physical Environment
story and raises the issues - All things or characteristics that are
that must be resolved. discernible, such as shapes, colors
and textures, natural features, and
External conflict - arises between the landscape.
character and an outside force. - May also include smaller details.
● Man against Nature - positions the
protagonist against an animal or Sociological Environment
natural events. - Cultural, economic, and political
● Man against Man - characters are attributes of a time, place, and
pitted against each other. people.
● Man against Society - man stands - Reflects the characters’
against a man-made institution, such understanding and experience of the
as family, Church, universities, they live in as well as their beliefs
government, and mass media. and attributes about people.

Internal conflict - within the character. Psychological Environment

- Personality of a place used as a
● Man against self - struggle that setting.
involves a character trying to
overcome his/her own nature or ATMOSPHERE or MOOD
make a choice between two or more - Element that evokes certain feelings
paths. or emotions in readers.
THEME
CLIMAX AND FALLING ACTION
 - Central idea, thesis, message a story
conveys, or a generalization or an Message/Moral
abstraction from it. - Message or moral is an objective,
universal truth that we might be
Dramatic Issue unaware of before reading it.
- Dramatic premise or main idea sets - Oftentimes obviously stated
its core dramatic issue.
- Sets the story’s conflicts which need SYMBOL
to be addressed to arrive at a - Something that suggests more than
resolution and achieve fulfillment. its literal meaning.
- Heart of a story’s premise.

Goodluck 😊💙