Wall Detailing Requirements – CSA-A23.

3-04 & 14 Page 1 of 5

Wall Detailing Requirements – Canadian Standards (CSA-

A23.3-04 & 14)

Panel Reinforcing – Vertical Bars

For CSA-A23.3-14:
Sv ≤ 3t Clause 14.1.8.4
≤ Clause 14.1.8.4
500mm

For CSA-A23.3-04:
Sv ≤ 3t Clause 14.1.8.4
≤ Clause 14.1.8.4
500mm
≤ Clause.21.6.5.1
450mm for Rd > 2, non-
plastic region
≤ Clause.21.6.5.1
300mm for Rd > 2,
plastic hinge
region

For CSA-A23.3-04 & 14:

Sv ≥ where db =
Scl diameter of
+ vertical bars
2db
where Scl = Clear
Spacing Required
Scl ≥ where hagg > Max
1.4 Nominal Size
db Aggregate
≥ Assume
1.4 Tangentially
hagg Spliced
≥ 30 Clause 6.6.5.2 of
mm A23.1-04 & 14

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Wall Detailing Requirements – CSA-A23.3-04 & 14 Page 2 of 5

Two curtains of reinforcing are required when:

1. A panel thickness exceeds 210 mm (Clause 14.1.8.3).

2. A ductile wall in plastic hinge region satisfies Clause 21.6.5.3 of CSA-A23.3-04 (this requirement
does not exist in the 2014 edition).
3. A squat shear wall satisfies Clause 21.7.4.5 of CSA-A23.3-04 or Clause 21.5.10.5 of CSA-A23.3-
14.

According to Clause 21.6.4.4 of CSA-A23.3-04, ductile walls shall not have horizontal and vertical bar
diameters bigger than one-tenth of the thickness of the wall at the bar location. In CSA-A23.3-14,
similar requirement is postulated in Clause 14.1.8.2 that applies for all walls.

According to Clause 14.1.8.3, when two curtains of reinforcing is specified, clear cover to the
reinforcing bars should not be more than 1/3 of the thickness of the wall.

According to Clause 14.1.8.7, for ρv ≥ 0.005 or db > 19.5 mm (20M), vertical distributed reinforcing
may require lateral ties that satisfy Clause 7.6.5. S-CONCRETE interprets these clauses as a limit of
maximum bar diameter size because the panel distributed reinforcements are not tied.

Clause 21.5.5.4 of CSA-A23.3-14 has a similar requirement, except that this applies only for ductile and
moderately ductile walls in plastic hinge regions; and the tie should satisfy the buckling prevention ties
requirements of Clause 21.2.8.1.

Clause 21.6.5.1 and 21.7.3.3.1 of CSA-A23.3-04 are now Clause 21.5.5.1 of CSA-A23.3-14.
Panel Reinforcing – Horizontal Bars
See Shear Reinforcing for Walls.

Zone Reinforcing – Vertical Bar Spacing

Clear spacing between vertical bars must meet minimum requirements. This translates to a maximum number of
bars permitted for a given tie configuration and splice type. Splice type also affects the maximum number of bars
permitted.

Clause 6.6.5.2 of A23.1-04 & 14

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Wall Detailing Requirements – CSA-A23.3-04 & 14 Page 3 of 5

Note that in CSA-A23.3-14, the requirements from Clause 21.6.5.1 of CSA-A23.3-04 no longer exist.

Zone Reinforcing – Area of Steel and Splice Type

Let As = Area of
Concentrated
(or Zone)
Reinforcement
Azone = Gross Area of
Zone

Clauses 14.1.8.8.3 & 10.9.2 for Rd ≤ 2:

As ≤ 0.04Azone for Lap

Splice
As ≤ 0.08Azone for
Bearing or
Mechanical Splice

Clause 21.6.4.3 of A23.3-04 or Clause 21.5.4.3 of A23.3-14 for Rd > 2:

As ≤ 0.03Azone for Lap

Splice
As ≤ 0.06Azone for
Bearing or
Mechanical Splice

Clauses 21.6.6.3 & 21.6.6.4 of A23.3-04 or Clauses 21.5.6.1 & 21.5.6.2 of A23.3-14 for Rd > 2:

As ≥ 0.0010 t Lw for
non-plastic regions
As ≥ 0.0015 t Lw for
plastic hinge
regions

Clauses 21.5.6.1 & 21.5.6.2 of A23.3-14 for Rd = 2:

As ≥ 0.0005 t Lw for
non-plastic regions
As ≥ 0.00075 t Lw for

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Wall Detailing Requirements – CSA-A23.3-04 & 14 Page 4 of 5

plastic hinge
regions

Clause 21.6.6.5 of A23.3-04 or Clauses 21.5.6.3 of A23.3-14 for Rd > 2: additional requirements for
flanged walls.

According to Clause 21.6.6.1 of A23.3-04 or 21.5.6.1 of A23.3-14 for Rd > 2, a minimum of 4 bars (in 2
layers) shall be placed in all corners, ends of panels, and at intersections of panels. For A23.3-14 only,
this requirement also applies to plastic regions of R = 1.5 walls according to Clause 21.6.3.7.4.
d

According to Clause 12.14.2.1, lap splices shall not be permitted for vertical bars greater than 35.7mm
in diameter (35M). Furthermore, if the section is subjected to tensile loads, bearing splices should not be
used. Lap or mechanical splices are recommended instead under these circumstances.

According to Clause 21.6.4.4 of A23.3-04 for Rd > 2 or Clause 14.1.8.2 of A23.3-14 for all Rd:
db ≤ 0.1t for horizontal & vertical bars

Zone Reinforcing – Ties

According to Clause 6.6.5.2 of A23.1-04 & 14, tie spacing should be greater than or equal to:

Maximum Tie Spacing

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Wall Detailing Requirements – CSA-A23.3-04 & 14 Page 5 of 5

Clause 21.8.3.1 of CSA-A23.3-04 is renumbered in CSA-A23.3-14 as Clause 21.6.3.1.

Clause 21.7.3.3.2 of CSA-A23.3-04 is renumbered in CSA-A23.3-14 as Clause 21.5.6.4.
Clause 21.6.6.9 of CSA-A23.3-04 is renumbered in CSA-A23.3-14 as Clause 21.2.8.1.

According to Clause 7.6.5.1, the diameter of the tie must be greater than or equal to:

Tie requirements for CSA-A23.3-04:

Tie requirements for CSA-23.3-14:

According to Clause 14.1.8.7, for As ≥ 0.005Azone or db > 19.5 mm (20M), vertical distributed
reinforcing may require lateral ties that satisfy Clause 7.6.5. Same requirement is postulated in Clause
21.5.5.4, except that this applies only for ductile and moderately ductile walls in plastic hinge regions,
and the tie should satisfy the buckling prevention ties requirements of Clause 21.2.8.1.

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