Edited by Foxit PDF Editor Copyright (c) by Foxit Software Company, 2003 - 2009 For Evaluation Only. Xe re Wi] 4 Yi’ Vs ia Za ee) Reading Bei). “| TRUFFLES. rete CODING 3 ‘SKATEBOARDING NONFICTIONEdited by Foxit PDF Editor Copyright (c) by Foxit Software Company, 2003 - 2009 Bricks Reading 240 For Evaluation Only. NONFICTION Published by ee Sahoipyoungron Publishing Co nc. B 17, Wor Cup bukero 12-gt Mapo-9u, Seout Korea 03978 “ela2 2226-1168, Fax822-326-1626, ‘woraibricks.com Firstprnting January 2020 First published January 2020 When ordering this tit, please use SBN 979-11-6273-062-1 Publisher Chul Ho Yoon ‘Managing Director AeSookLee Senior Editor Seung Eun Lee Development Editor Bo Ram Kim Assistant Editor Jung Hyo Kim ‘Authors. Sarah Lee, Stephanie Bery Content Reviewers. Briana McClanahan, Medonald Curtis, Sean Switzer Seung Eun Lee ‘Managing Designer Sang Eun Seo! Cover Design Rachel Ericson Interior Design Design Museo Young Choi, ung MiLee, Soo Jung Lee Tom Carling Msteations. 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Every efforthas been made to trace al sources of thustrations/photes/nformation inthis book, butif ny have been inadvertently oveiooked, the publisher will be pleased to make the necessary arrangements atthe rst opportunity TG isnot aston printed thant matetEdited by Foxit PDF Editor Copyright (c) by Foxit Software Company, 2003 - 2009 For Evaluation Only. & W Ey y LU Y We, G" WA) 0GGo0 eading NONFICTION BricksUNIT OVERVIEW Introductory Photos Build Vocabulary Each Passage provides appeal to the eyes and help provides 8 key words with information on a subject that students become more definitions that are essential is of interest to students, involved in the lesson that to understanding the text. giving them a chance to they will learn, ‘Two types of practice are broaden their understanding offered to help students of the world. make predictions about what they will be reading. Pree Characters guide Think and Talk helps Word Check allows students to the topic in an students build a bridge students to find out the interesting way through their between their prior meaning of an unfamiliar knowledge and experience. knowledge and new word in context and a familiar information and get ready for word in new context coming lessons.Edited by Foxit PDF Editor Copyright (c) by Foxit Software Company, 2003 - 2009 Reading Check helps students stay focused on the ideas of each paragraph. Nonfiction Text Features help students identify features of nonfiction texts, such as diagrams, photos, graphs, etc. and gather information from them. For Evaluation Only. Comprehend It! helps students completely understand what they learned and encourages them to monitor their ‘comprehension Write It! allows students to review a grammatical structure or expression and apply it by writing a sentence, Summarize It! helps students identify important points in the passage and learn how to make a summary. Focus on Skills helps students achieve a deeper understanding of the topic using graphic organizers. Talk about It! draws students Into the topic by personalizing what they have learned through speaking,eC TLL Subject LOT Ml CMC tS) Py Mold, the Green Lifesaver! (Penicillin, Narrative Nonfiction) Truffles, the “Diamond of the Kitchen” (Truffles, Informational Text ) How Do Tears Help Us? (Tears, Expository Text ) Let’s Beat Motion Sickness! (Motion Sickness, Informational Text ) Why Do English Words Have Silent Letters? (Silent Letters, Informational Text ) English & the “R” Sound (English Accents, Informational Text ) Rovers, the First Visitors to Mars (Mars Rovers, Informational Text ) Challenges of a Mars Mission (Mars Human Mission, Informational Text )Subject Word List Unit Edited by Foxit PDF Editor Copyright (c) by Foxit Software Company, 2003 - 2009 For Evaluation Only. Bsa) Birthdays, Our Favorite Time of Year ( Birthday Tradition, Informational Text ) See the World with a Passport (Passport, Informational Text ) What's Your School Like? (Schools, Realistic Fiction ) Coding: The Key to Your Future (Coding, Informational Text ) The Art of Skateboarding (Skateboarding, Informational Text ) Changes in Cheerleading (Cheerleading, Informational Text) Can Social Media Be Fun and Safe? (Social Media, Informational Text ) Internet News: Can You Always Believe It? (Fake News, Informational Text )Ted ee Think 2° + What is mold? * Who discovered penicillin from mold?Edited by Foxit PDF Editor Copyright (c) by Foxit Software Company, 2003 - 2009 (| For Evaluation Only. ear r= fungus discover 1.2 living thing that often looks like plants ¥to find or see something before anyone Dut has no leaves or flowers, (pla) fung| ise substance ‘na particular kind of soli, liquid, or gas matter spoil v. to damage or ruin the freshness of something extract ¥. to get something from something else by the use of a machine or chemicals bacteria 1. (plural) very small living things infection treat rn. a disease in the body caused by germs \. to cure or make someone get better | VISUALIZE | Look and match to complete the sentences. © a fungus that can be eaten. @ The mushroom is « @ People extract « ¢ make a hole in your teeth. © Bad bacteria can « © oil from olives. | APPLY | Fill in the blanks to complete the sentences. infection substance discover spoil treat @ Bacteria will _____ milk if you don't put it in the fridge, caused by germs. © My brother had an eye ® The doctors went to Africa to sick people. new facts through hundreds of tests. @ Scientists © Sugar is a sweet that comes from plants. UNITO! 7Edited by Foxit PDF Editor Copyright (c) by Foxit Software Company, 2003 - 2009 Re For Evaluation Only. LD, 7 -- the Green Lifesaver! ~ What's that green, fuzzy thing on your bread? Or those black dots on your bathroom wall? It's mold! Mold is a kind of fungus that can spoil food and cause disease. But not all kinds are bad. In fact, some mold can save human lives. During the early 1900s, a doctor named Alexander Fleming was busy in his lab. He wanted to find out how to kill bacteria. Back then, many people died from bacterial infections. A person could even die from asmall serateh that bacteria got into. Fleming worked hard, but he couldn't find anything that could fight bacteria. In the summer of 1928, he came back from a family vacation and entered his lab. The window had been left open. When he went to close it, he saw something very annoying. There was green mold growing on the dishes that he grew bacteria in. When he took a closer look, he was shocked by what he found. There were no bacteria around the mold! He discovered the mold was “penicillium” and that a substance from the mold had killed the bacteria. He called it penicillin and tried to extract enough penicillin from the fungus to produce medicine. But it wasn't easy to do. SESS (Fleming, 1928) ic Penicitium Penicilin — No bacteria growth (Zone of Bacteria growthEdited by Foxit PDF Editor Copyright (c) by Foxit Software Company, 2003 - 2009 . For Evaluation Only. CLD cuecn ve What is the closest jing for the word “scratch”? aa ~Qsmall wound *o shiner More than ten years later, scientists Howard Pete eat Florey and Ernst Chain were finally able to get enough penicillin out of the mold. They successfully changed penicillin into medicine! Penicillin treated » millions of wounded soldiers during World War II. 2 Fleming, Florey, and Chain received the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1945, Even today, penicillin keeps us safe from many painful infections. Penicillin is used to treat different kinds of infections, Li cHeck ~ Which paragraph describes the use of penicillin in real life? O2nd O3rd = O4th © ReadaChart Mtr People often think all fungi are harmful to human, but some fungi play an important role in human life. People are around some helpful molds every day. e Creed Se ee rd CE cueck v Which food is made using fungi? j Oblue cheese De Obutter Oem eS cag Cana oc 4g., penicillin, other antibiotics They breakdown dead plants and animals and Pe tae ce UNITOI 9Edited by Foxit PDF Editor Copyright (c) by Foxit Software Company, 2003 - 2009 OTM EEE choose nee cwsrncs nese @ What is the passage mainly about? a. how many people have died from infections b. how long scientists have studied bacteria cc. how mold saved millions of lives @ Inthe early 1900s, Alexander Fleming studied to find a. the best environment to grow bacteria b. a way to kill bacteria c. something that could get rid of mold © When was penicillin discovered by Alexander Fleming? a. in 1900 b. in 1928 c. in 1945, © What is NOT true about penicillin? a. It is a kind of mold that causes disease. b. Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin by accident. c. Itwas changed into medicine by Howard Florey and Ernst Chain. © What can be inferred from the passage? a. Eating moldy bread can treat some wounds. b, Penicillin is no longer used to treat disease. c. Before the 1920s, there was no medicine for bacterial infections. Lae @ Number the underlined words in the correct order. Alexander Fleming wanted to find out kill, ( )_ how bacteria. y¢ @ Unscramble and complete the sentence. The recipe 10Edited by Foxit PDF Editor Copyright (c) by Foxit Software Company, 2003 - 2009 EMME <= Not all types of mold are bad, some molds can save human lives. In the Beginning | early 1900s, there were no antibiotic medicines to cure bacterial diseases. Paragraphs 2. | British scientist Alexander Fleming worked hard In 1928, almost by accident Fleming discovered Middle — ________. He found out that the mold made a Paragraph 3 substance that could attack certain bacteria. He called this substance penicillin. But he couldn't success to extract enough penicillin though. Almost ten years later, Howard Florey and Ernst Chain found and finally changed it into medicine. Penicillin was used widely for treating soldiers during World War IL In 1945, Fleming, Florey, and Chain for their great discoveries. End Paragraph 4 away to produce enough penicillin __ won the Nobel Prize in Medicine to find out the way to kill bacteria no bacteria was growing near to mold Focus ©n Skills | Sequence Read and number the events in the correct order. The Around 1940, Howard Florey and Ernst Chain succeeded in turning penicillin into medicine. covery of Peni: In 1928, Alexander Fleming discovered that a substance from mold killed bacteria. He called the substance penicillin In 1945, Fleming, Florey, and Chain received the Nobel Prize in Medicine. In the early 1920s, Alexander Fleming tried to find a way % to save people from bacterial infections. Penicillin treated a lot of sick and wounded soldiers in World War IL bout fp, Have you ever seen mold? Was it helpful or harmful? UNITO 11Edited by Foxit PDF Editor iieeitled@mun Copyright (c) by Foxit Software Company, 2003 - 2009 ESBS Sn Truffles, the “Diamond of the Kitchen” oe ee es 4 + What are truffles? + Why are truffles so experEdited by Foxit PDF Editor Copyright (c) by Foxit Software Company, 2003 - 2009 For Evaluation Only. bumpy df not smooth; uneven ‘adj. not common; not alot of flavor sniff out 1 the particular taste of a food or drink phrase to discover something by smelling rocky dig out ‘ag filed with rocks or stones phrase to get something out ofa place by moving sol, sand, etc. nutrient 1n. something in food that plants or animals precious need to live and grow adj. worth a lot of money | VISUALIZE | Look and match to complete the sentences. @ He's digging out « to sniff out bombs. @ It’s not easy to walk « ¢ potatoes from the soil @ The dogistrained @ on rocky ground. | APPLY | Fill in the blanks to complete the sentences. precious nutrients + bumpy — flavor ~—rare @ Indian curry has a strong and smell. @ Milk provides important _ to help you grow. © The road is so that Tom can’t drive. @ Snow is very _ in the desert. © Some jewelry is made from stones.Have you tried cho olate truffles before? They'r small balls a of chocolate. But why are they called “truffles?” It's because they look like real truffles! Truffles are a kind of fungi, like mushrooms, but truffles only grow underground. They are black or white and look a bit like bumpy potatoes. They have Chocolate truffles a strong smell and rich flavor that most chefs love. Truffles only grow among special tree roots, such as oak and poplar. They also like rocky soil. Truffles get sugar from the tree roots, and they give the trees nutrients in return. Can you guess how much truffles cost? They can be as much as 2,000-9,000 dollars per kg. Some people call them the ‘diamond of the kitchen” for this reason. Why are they so expensive? It’s because they're very rare! For hundreds of yea s, people tried to grow them but failed. They found out that it planting seeds in a field! Black truffles LULA CHECK vf eure ees tut iiit had eee cei onl &Edited by Foxit PDF Editor Copyright (c) by Foxit Software Company, 2003 - 2009 In addition, truffles are really hard tc because we can't see them. They grow about 30 cm or deeper underground. Only special dogs and pigs can find them! These animals are trained to sniff them out from under the ground. But there's one problem. Pigs like to cat truffles too! So truffle hunters usually take their dogs to dig out the precious truffles. Do truffles look delicious to you? Next time you go to a nice restaurant, try some truffles! For Evaluation Only. Truffles are generally served raw and sliced over pasta or salads. EEO cute v Which paragraph describes what truffles look like? Ost O2nd O3rd © Read a Chart see are the black truffle and the white truffle. (@ Black Truffles Top producing country Perigord, France Season (lawest) |“ December—early March + earthy aroma Flavor “nutty, mushroom-like flavor + about 3,000 dollars per kg CS cue ck v There are several different types of truffles. The two most common truffles that you'll Where are most white truffles from? OFrance Piedmont, Italy + September—December (mostly in October and November) + strong but pleasant aroma | + deeper flavor (sweet with garlic flavor) + about 6,000 dollars per kg OltalyEdited by Foxit PDF Editor Copyright (c) by Foxit Software Company, 2003 - 2009 Cy eo Gt i Choos: FoF Evaluation Only. @ What is the passage mainly about? a. what truffles need to grow b. what truffles are and why they are expensive c. how truffle dogs are trained © What is NOT true about truffles? a. They taste like potatoes b. They have a strong smell and flavor. c. They only grow among the roots of some trees. © Truffles get ___ from the trees’ roots and they give the trees a. nutrients, flavor b. sugar, seeds c. sugar, nutrients @ Which of the following is NOT a reason for the high price of truffles? a. They grow deep underground so they're hard to find. b. They grow only in certain environments, so it’s difficult to grow them c. They need hundreds of years to grow, so they're rare. © What can be inferred from the passage? a. You can easily find truffles around oak trees. b. A good sense of smell is important to find truffles. c. Training dogs to find truffles is easier than training pigs. Write lt! notas...as @ Complete the comparing sentence using the phrase “not as... as.” Growing truffles wasn’t _____ planting seeds in a field. (easy) @ Rewrite the sentence using the phrase “not as... as.” The white truffle is more expensive than the black truffle. The black truffle is __________________the white truffle. 16Edited by Foxit PDF Editor Copyright (c) by Foxit Software Company, 2003 - 2009 TELAPZN LEM Complet "Or Evaluation Only. Species | . Color | - mostly black or 7 roots + (generally) round Shape e + They look like bumpy potatoes fungi Cost + $2,000-9,000 per kg dogs or pigs Growth | * They grow among the ofcertaintrees. | Write + They grow about 30 cm or more underground Hunting | *8Y special trained to sniff out truffles Nickname | - the diamond of the kitchen Focus ©n Skills | Cause & Effect Match each cause with its correct effect. Truffles grow 30 cm or more underground. Many people enjoy the flavor of truffles. Chefs love to cook with them. Truffles only grow in the wild among the roots of certain types of trees. It's hard to farm and control truffles. Truffles have unique tastes and aromas. Only well-trained dogs or pigs can sniff out truffles growing underground. Truffles are rare and precious Truffles are very expensive. soe Have you ever eaten some foods with truffles, such as truffle snacks and oil? How was the taste of them? UNITO2 17Sede ea ‘Oh, my eyes! | am not sad, but my eyes are watering. Do you kn When do your e) + What makes your eyes produce tears? “ + How do tears protect your eyes?Edited by Foxit PDF Editor Copyright (c) by Foxit Software Company, 2003 - 2009 For Evaluation Only. water constant \. to produce liquid, such as tears ‘adi. going on without stopping blink irritant 1n. a substance that makes part of the body vs to close and open the eyes very quicki ° a a y sore or painful moist emotional adj. slightly wet adj. having and showing strong feelings, sting reduce vs to feel a sudden, sharp pain 0 make smaller or less in amount or size | VISUALIZE | Look and match to complete the sentences. @ Jay's eyes were © anirritant to your skin @ Strong sunlight can be « @ the baby’s eyes sting. © The shampoo makes « © moist with tears. | APPLY | Fill in the blanks to complete the sentences. constant water reduce ~~ emotional__ blink @ People 15-20 times per minute. @ Kevin exercises to his weight. © There will be rain for weeks. @ Every time she hears the sad song, her eyes © Tedis an person, so he feels things more deeply. UNITO3 19Edited by Foxit PDF Editor Copyright (c) by Foxit Software Company, 2003 - 2009 _-tHow YALlD Help UsP Imagine you are in the kitchen chopping onions. Suddenk your eyes. Are you crying because you're sad? No! Your For Evaluation Only. you feel tears forming in yes are only “watering.” Our eyes can make tears for many reasons. Did you know we produce about 132 kg of tears a year? It's a natural reaction to many different events. In fact, we have tears in our eyes all day long. Every time you blink, a film of tears covers your eyeballs. It keeps dirt and germs away and helps your eyes stay moist. When you use your smartphone for a long time, you don't blink as often. So your eyes feel dry and might sting. That's because your eyes need these constant tears. Tears Film Layers Teac fm ‘Mucin layer Oil layer Water layer (Our tear film is made up of three layers. They work together to maintain our eye's health, COD cc v What is the closest meaning for the word “bothersome”? Oexciting — QannoyingEdited by Foxit PDF Editor Copyright (c) by Foxit Software Company, 2003 - 2009 For Evaluation Only. Tears can protect our eyes from sudc.. irritants, such as smoke and wind. In such cases, our eyes immediately produce a large amount of tears to wash out the harmful substances. For example, your eyes sting and start watering when ther smoke. Chop a bowl of onions and it's the same thing! You'll be crying because the gas from raw onions is quite bothersome to the eyes. Of course, we are in tears when we are too sad or too happy. When we're emotional, our brain tells our eyes to produce lots of tears. These tears calm us down and reduce stress in the body. CHECK V Which paragraph describes the tears Tears keep you healthy and make you feel that express emotions? better. So don't be afraid to cry sometimes! O2nd O3rd Oath OP CTEVIEVICIUM How Tears Come Out From Eyes @ The hormones ause the gland to produce tears. gas from onions. "The tears wash (out the irritants. CST cueek v Where do your eyes send signals when they notice smoke? Obrain — Otear glandEdited by Foxit PDF Editor Copyright (c) by Foxit Software Company, 2003 - 2009 For Evaluation Only. Choose ww ww ores Oy @ What is the passage mainly about? a. how many times we cry in life b. where tears come from c. why our eyes produce tears @ Our eyes have constant tears to keep them clean and a.dry b.moist —_c. emotional © When do our eyes make large amount of tears? a. when smoke gets into our eyes b. when we watch TV for a long time c. when we blink our eyes @ Which of the following is NOT a reason that our eyes make tears? a. to protect our eyes from germs b. to wash out harmful things c. to make other people fee! upset © What can be inferred from the passage? a. Our eyes produce the same amount of tears every day. b, Using a smartphone for a long time can damage our eye health. c. We must cry every day to reduce stress. itelt! we+ver © Complete the sentence with the correct form of the word. ig You are not crying. Your eyes are only ——__. (water) © Complete the sentence using “be + verb-ing.” Mina is not reading a book. She (sleep) 22Edited by Foxit PDF Editor Copyright (c) by Foxit Software Company, 2003 - 2009 For Evaluation Only. Our eyes are tearing even when we're not sad. We make Paragraph 1 ! It's a natural reaction to various things. Tears keep our eyes clean and moist all day long. Our eyes _— Paragraph 2 when we blink. When we don't blink as often, our eyes sting Tears Our eyes Paragraph 3 | immediately make lots of tears so they can wash out the harmful substances, such as a gas from onions and smoke. Our eyes produce tears when we're too sad or too happy. Tears help us Paragraph graph A | sim down and protect our eyes from sudden irritants _tears for many reasons feduce stress in our body make a film of tears Focus On Skills | Classify & Categorize What are the different types of tears? Complete the chart. © Types of Tears They are produced about 1 gram in a day. They coat your eyes to so your eyes stay clean and comfortable. They are produced when your eyes are eee They protect your eyes from sudden irritants EeCEN Theyare produced _ acrid —happiness, sadness, even intense humor. They help you calm down. hit by wind, dust, or gas in moments of strong feelings keep them moist Uy Dour py, When do you usually cry? R=) Do you know what type of tears they are when you cry? UNITO3 23Edited by Foxit PDF Editor Copyright (c) by Foxit Software Company, 2003 - 2009 For Evaluation Only. Yuk, | feel sick and dizzy, ve got motion sickness. | eel like throwing up. My head hurts and | don’t feel well, + What causes motion sickness? ng STAN Ay crease eee: NY Edited by Foxit PDF Editor << Copyright (c) by Foxit Software Company, 2003 - 2009 — Tit For Evaluation Only. throw up sense phrase to have the food in a person's stomach to feel or be aware of something come out through the mouth: to vomit motion mxUe phrase to change the order or place of in. the act of moving things in a confused way affect ¥. to cause a change In someone or something inner ad nside something else joint - ‘n. a place in the human body where two ruin bones are connected ¥. to harm or damage something | VISUALIZE | Look and match to complete the sentences. @ My uncle wanted to in motion. @ The knee is . « the biggest joint in the body. © The high-speed train is © throw up on the airplane. | APPLY | Fill in the blanks to complete the sentences. mixedup ruined inner — affects sense © The weather how people feel @ My brother the socks, so | couldn't find mine. ® You should also brush the Part of your teeth. @ Animals can ____ changes in the environment. @ The crops were all by the hurricane last month. aeEdited by Foxit PDF Editor Copyright (c) by Foxit Software Company, 2003 - 2009 For Evaluation Only. Let’s Beat otion Sickness! “Oh, no. I feel carsick!” Many of you already know what this feels like. ‘zy and sick. Soon after, we When we're moving in a car or a boat, we feel di feel like throwing up. Why does this happen? A lot of times, it's because of something called “motion sickness.” It mostly affects children, but it can happen to anyone. What caus signals from different body parts. Do you know that not only your eyes but your ears motion sickness? It usually happens when your brain gets mixed and joints san sense motion? Your eyes can see your motion in the world around you The liquid inside your ears can also sense your body moving and keep you balanced, Your joints and muscles do the same too. They work together all the time to send information to your brain about your body and its motion. But when this information gets mixed up, that’s when we feel sick. Imagine you're reading a book in a moving car. Your inner ears will feel motion, but your eyes and joints won't. Watch out, because that’s when motion sickness kicks in, y Eyes Brain, Brain! James is sitting stil reading a book. Ears No... Brain, he is moving now. | The liquid is shaking! naa Joints We don't think so. He is not 26Edited by Foxit PDF Editor Copyright (c) by Foxit Software Company, 2003 - 2009 For Evaluation Only. CD cue v What is the closest meaning for the word “rocky”? Ofull of rocks shaky Sounds pretty terrible, doesn't it? So what can we do to feel better? First, sit up in your seat and face the front. Focus on a distant object or close your eyes. If you're in a boat, sit in the middle. It’s less rocky there. And if none of this helps, you can get medicine before traveling. Remember these tips, and don’t let motion sickness ruin your trips! Looking out the window and focusing on the horizon will be helpful to avoid motion sickness. EEO cue v Which paragraph desci n sickness? Ost O2nd O3rd es why we © Read a Photo Get some Listen to fresh alt some music. Eat ginger. (ginger tea, candies, snacks) CT cueex v Odrink a cup of ginger tea What is a good way to prevent motion sickness? Oeat a hamburger and pizza Se @ Do not read ‘a book a phone. Do not use Do not eat a heavy ‘and greasy meal. UNITO4a 27yeu Ca Choose the correct answers. @ What is the passage mainly about? a. causes of motion sickness b. people who easily get motion sickness cc. medicine to beat motion sickness © We usually get motion sickness when __. a. our ears are filled with liquid b. our brain gets mixed signals from different body parts c. our joints sense our body moving © Which parts of our body can sense motion? a. ears, a nose, and joints b. a brain, eyes, anda tongue _c. eyes, ears, and joints @ What is true about motion sickness? a. Motion sickness usually affects more adults than children. b. Closing your eyes can prevent motion sickness. c. We only get motion sickness in cars. @ What can be inferred from the passage? a. Most people get motion sickness during a trip. b. Reading a book in a moving car can cause motion sickness. c. It’s difficult to prevent motion sickness before trips. Write It! not ony... but @ Circle the best place for the phrase “not only” in the sentence. (@) your eyes but ( () ) your ears and ( © ) joints can sense motion. @ Join the two sentences using the phrase “not only... but...” Tom has motion sickness. His dad has motion sickness too. > Tom __his dad also has motion sickness. 28mmarize Write the main question of each paragraph. Paragraph 1 Paragraph 2 Paragraph 3 Why do we get motion sickness? How can we prevent motion sickness? What is motion sickness? Focus ©n Skills | Cause & Effect Why do we have motion sickness on a ship? Write the correct letters. fr: |: Beat Si ad Pema Your brain gets mixed + You feel unwell + Focus on a fixed messages from your body parts. point in the If you are sitting in a ship and distance. reading a book, 7 + Close your eyes. your eyes tell your brain that oe + Avoid reading you're not moving + You get dizzy. your joints tell your brain that you're not moving a. you feel like throwing up asses b. stay up on deck and get some fresh air . your inner ears tell your brain that you're moving How can you help your family and friends to ease motion sickness? UNITO4 29Brel are eae TIN = Seeeeeercereers Sma Te Why Do English Have Silent.Letters: We speak “anser,” but we write Ihad a spelling test today. 'm sure | didn’t hear the letters “t,h, p.and g,” but the words are spelled with them. It's weird. Silent letters are very confusing, * What are silent letters? + Why do some English words have silent letters?pronounce ¥. to make the sound of a letter or word in a particular way silent ‘adj. not speaking or making any sound borrow ¥ to take and use a word or idea from another language or pieces of work remain \ to stay; to continue to be in a certain way without a change adj. at the beginning operate ¥. to use and control a machine or equipment print ¥6 to produce books, newspapers, magazines, etc, using a machine homophone 1 a word thats said the same as another word, but has a afferent meaning or speling | VISUALIZE | Look and match to complete the sentences. @ Bella is learning how to « @ Dan puts his phone © “Sea” and “see” are | APPLY operate borrowed. @ The weather will @ The company ® The @ Ancient English speakers © My father taught me how to © on silent in the library. ¢ homophones. © pronounce the “o” sound. the blanks to complete the sentences. prints initial = remain cold for two days. a newspaper every day. letter of “dance” is “d.” some words from French. the machine.aa Why Do English Words Have Tae Tu Knee, Knot wrong, wrist Have you ever had trouble pronouncing English words? Silent letters could be one reason. They are letters in a word that are not pronounced, like the “k” in the word knee. Over half of all Engli n words have silent letters. Why do so many words have silent letters? The sounds of some words in English have changed over time. In the Middle Ages, people pronounced the “e” at the end of words, such as bite and name. Later, they stopped saying the “e” sound, but they didn’t change the spelling. Another reason is that many English words are borrowed from other languages. One example is the word p hology, which was The Origin of English Words a Greek word. Even though the spelling remained the fic other Laraiieses same, the initial “p” became silent. English speakers others 4% Unknown 6% "s cannot easily pronounce “ps” together, so they don't creexex a’ pronounce the first letter. In the same way, we don't ap pronounce the “h” in the words hour and honest. They irre come from French, and “h” is not pronounced in French. French bay cote | woRD [ag What is the closest meaning for the word “ re iB . is that Oinitially Onewly iginally came from other languages. 32There is one more reason. Long ago, before official spellings existed, people simply added extra letters to some words. German and Dutch people who operated printing machines in England added more letters when they printed books. That's because they wanted to make English words look similar to words from their own languages. For example, Dutch printers added a silent “h” to some words, such Book printing, 16th century by Johannes Stradanus as ghost. Although silent letters are confusing, rom CHECK v they can help us tell the difference between Which paragraph describes the homophones. Without silent letters, the words different origins of the English words? now and no might look exactly the same! O2nd O3Md O4th oR CEE aE More than 60% of English words have silent letters in them. There are some rules about what letters are silent before or after certain letters. bread after “my muscle Wednesday name before “a head comb/climb scissors handsome like an before “t foreign doubt / debt hour cousin before “n talk ater “my receipt stomach business knee should autumn —_ psychology ater knife column what / when Zoom island ballet guess answer po Aue OcIoy letter “k"? Oknife — Othink aisle UNITOS 33ye CC A Choose the correct answers. @ What is the passage mainly about? a. why many English words have silent letters b. how to pronounce English words correctly c. who first introduced the printing machine to England © Why does the word “honest” have a silent “h"? a. People in the Middle Ages stopped saying “h” but kept the same spelling b. English speakers can't pronounce “h” easily, so they don't pronounce it. c. “Honest” was borrowed from French, and “h” is silent in French. © What is NOT true about the English language? a. Foreign printers in England added silent letters to some words. b. The pronunciation of all English words has stayed the same. c. The English language uses lots of words from other languages. @ The words “know” and “no” are a. borrowed spellings _b. French words —_—_c. homophones © What can be inferred from the passage? a. Some English words are spelled differently, but pronounced the same. b. When a word starts with “h,” “h” is not always pronounced c. German and Dutch people used English in the old days. hl eters @ Circle the correct word and write. The sounds of some words in English have ___ over time. (change/changing/changed) © Complete the sentence using “have/has + p, Sally ____________ her Spanish homework. (finish)RTT are} Complete the summary. Beginning | Silent letters are letters Poresraph 1 Many words in English include silent letters. + People long ago pronounced the “e” at the end of words. They eventually stopped saying it, but + Many English words Middle Some letters became silent because they were difficult to pronounce in Paragraphs 2-4 English. Other letters are silent because they are not pronounced in the original language. + Foreign printers added extra letters to make English words similar to words in their own languages. End Silent letters make people confused, but they Poregraph 5 come from other languages —_that are not pronounced in a word help us use homophones the spelling stayed the same Focus ©n Skills | Cause & Effect Why do English words have silent letters? Complete the chart. ERPEEE some silent letters > bite, knight Pere) __, but people stopped saying them. + Some words have letters that are tsunami from Japan, in English psychology from Greek ESET IE Some letters are not pronounced in the p hour, honest red original language. from France + Some letters are left in the word to show the scissors, receipt history and root of the word. from Latin eee ete People who printed books could p ghost, aghast cin k=—_—_!]=_— from Dutch printers change the spelling of the words actually were pronounced _ difficult to pronounce DOU p, Gq Read the following words and underline the silent letters. debt, scissors, what, two UNITOS 35Bele eee a ge aac VW © \ = Shectetcrrarreeertaes Resend ae oem the “R” S¢ i Ti aD + What are the difference between Ut inks British and American accent? + Why did the difference of the two a wD Stalks English accents happen?ECON ee) sound bear (born) v.to seem a certain way when heard v.t0 give birth to a child accent 1n. away people from a certain area pronounce words wealthy ‘adj. rich; having a lot of money and things incorrect eae] adj. wrong: not true ‘a. fancy, stylish, and expensive upper class fn. the group of people at the highest level of prefer society V0 like one thing better than another thing VISUALIZE | Look and match to complete the sentences. @ The upper class had lots of money and power. © People around the world have « ¢ really wonderful © Classical music sounds © different English accents. APPLY | Fill in the blanks to complete the sentences. posh born prefer incorrect wealthy @ Itis_ that India is larger than Russia @ The queen is wearing a dress at the wedding © The tiny baby was yesterday. @ The poor man's dream was to become © The active boys PE. class to science class aBritish and American people speak the same language: English. Yet, when they speak, they sound completely different. Do you know why? It's because they have different aecents. An accent is the way people pronounce words. How is the British English accent different from the American English accent? One is the important differenc +” sound. British and American people say words, such as car and mother differently. Americans usually pronounce the sound in a word. The British usually do not Can you guess which accent is older? People often think that the British Englis| accent is older than the American English accent. However, this is incorreet. At first, people in America and in England pronounced the letter “rn.” Yes, it's true—for a while, everyone Pronunciation Differences 7 had an American accent! ‘American vs. cs ae This changed at the end of the 18th century. In notte ee southern England, a new upper class ed. hot ‘na Its members were not born wealthy. During job Idga:b/ the Industrial Revolution, new technology and pass pas! dance idaens! F as CLD cue v What is the closest meaning for the word “ "2 grow [grou Otomake Oto grow 38New upper class people, England in the 18th century businesses created many new jobs. During this peri .d, this new group of wealthy people grew in numbers and became as powerful and rich as the upper class. The new upper class wanted to separate themselves from the poor classes, so they changed their accent. They stopped saying the “r” sound. These people were posh and everyone wanted to copy them, so this new way of speaking spread across England. The “posh” British accent became very popular. Today, English learners can learn American English or British English. Which accent do you have? Which accent do you prefer? READING [1 aug Which paragraph describes the different accent between the British and American English? O1st O2nd O3rd ore American English ish American and British people have different accents. They also often use different vocabulary to describe the same thing. = French fries EE Chips AN = Sweater 33 Jumper ssw oy = Movie theater elevator BE Cinema Se uit = cookies 335 Biscuits BS soccer = subway BR Tune Uncergrouna Vacation 3 Holiday COT cueck v Which word is used as “tube” in America? Osubway Clift UNITO6 39TCU CUCM LEA Choose the correct answers. © What is the passage mainly about? a. the history of the upper class in southern England b, the difference between American and British English accents c. the reason Americans pronounce the letter “r” ® Anaccentis the a.“r" sound ina word —_b. new meaning of a word _c. way of pronouncing words © What is NOT true according to the passage? a. The British accent doesn't pronounce the “r” in some words like car, b. The new wealthy class started speaking the posh accent in the 18th century. c. People in England and America didn’t use to pronounce the “r.” @ Why did the new upper class in England change their accent? a. They had trouble pronouncing the “r” sound. b. They needed to create a new language. c. They wanted to look different from poor people. © What can be inferred from the passage? a. There was a great social change during the Industrial Revolution. b. English learners prefer an American accent to a British accent. c. British and American people say all English words differently. hid eee @ Number the underlined words in the correct order. The British English accent different _is_ from the American English accent. aa) @ Unscramble and complete the sentence. Italian. 40Although both British and American people speak English, they sound Paragraph 1 i 2 | One of the differences between British English and American English is roureet the “r” sound. British usually The British English accent is often thought to be older than the American Paragraph 3 ICC) St eee nsaetene nsnrassnsnsuneEnEE NOREEN at first, The new group of wealthy people in England changed their accents and Paragraph 4 | stopped pronouncing “r" to 7 . The “posh” accent became popular across England. “rf” was pronounced by all speakers —_ distinguish themselves from the poor classes different because of their accents don’t pronounce the “r” sound Focus ©n Skills / Cause & effect Match each cause with its correct effect. Anew wealthy class developed followed by the growth of industry. American and British people have different accents. During the 18th century, Britain started the Industrial Revolution. The new wealthy wanted to separate themselves from the poor. The posh British accent became popular and common across England. The new wealthy class changed their accent and stopped saying the “r” sound, People in England thought the British accents that doesn't We can identify if someone is British pronounce the “r” sounded posh or American by listening to them. bout y What accent of English do you learn in your English class? Can you recognize an American accent or a British accent? UNITOS 41Se eee eee ae Pee ecu eae keenic nt Sema teen st Visitors + What do you know about Mars rovers? + Do you know what those rovers do on Mars?Vocabulary collect \ to get things of the same type from different places and bring them together proof fn place of information that shows Something Is tue active adj. (of a volcano) likely to throw out hot liquid rock; likely to erupt soon laboratory na place with equipment for scientific tests instrument A. a tool used for doing particular kinds of work analyze v. to separate ito parts for close study radiation n, waves of energy, such as heat or light exploration nthe act of traveling through a place to find something | VISUALIZE | Look and match to complete the sentences. @ The astronaut used the tool @ Some radiation from the Sunis © The scientist is studying « absorbed by Earth ¢ ina laboratory. « to collect moon rocks. APPLY | Fill in the blanks to complete the sentences. instrument proof analyzes _ active exploration @ A lot of volcanoes on Earth are still @ There is no that the planet has water. © The computer program ____ complex problems @ Thenew ___ is used for scientific tests. @ There are many science fiction books about the\ FE WWiwEDe The planet Mars has endless deserts and rocky ground. We can ea ind pictures of them online. Who took these amazing photos? If you guessed NASA, you're correct! They used small, wheeled robots called “rovers.” Let's look at these famous rovers. In 1996, NASA sent the first rover to Mars, and it was named Sojourner. Sojourner was the size of a microwave oven and had six wheels. It only drove for about 100 meters. But it took more than 550 pictures and studied the Martian rocks and dirt. © Read a Photo Mars Rovers ‘A photo of Mars by NASA's Curiosity CD cueck v What is the closest meaning for the word “launch”? Otoland Oto sendlanded on different sides of Mars to look for signs of life in 2004. They were the size of a golf cart and had solar “wings” to collect energy from the Sun. Their eye-like cameras took hundreds of color photos of Mars. Guess what they found? They found proof that Mars once had water and active volcanoes! When NASA sent the Curiosity rover in 2011, it was the size of a small truck. It was called a science laboratory because of its powerful science instruments. It could touch, collect, and analyze the Martian rocks by using its drill, hand lens, and X-ray machine. In addition, its radiation detector could measure dangerous levels of space radiation. NASA will send another rover in 2020. The rover will try to make oxygen from the Martian air. If human exploration is possible on Mars one day, it will all be thanks to these rovers! Mars 2020 Rover 3 Ccar-sized (the size of @ small SUV) By 7° | 3meters long, 27 meters wide, and 2.2 meters tall weight | 1,050 kilograms ae |= 6 wheels, each with its own individual motor Py teatures +23 special cameras + 2 microphones to record the sounds of Mars + look for signs of past life + learn about the planet's climate + capture sights and sounds of Mars + test a method for getting oxygen from the Martian air_ i Ahole on Mars drilled by the Curiosity rover Which paragraph describes NASA's twin rovers? O2and O3rd = O4th What science tools will the Mars 2020 + 2.1 meter long robotic arm © rover carry? $3} Ospecial cameras and microphones = Osolar arrayLJ choose the correct answers. @ Whats the passage mainly about? a. the photos taken by NASA's rovers b. the danger of the exploration of Mars c. the NASA rovers sent to the planet Mars @ What is the correct matching of rovers and their launch year? a. Sojourner — 1996 b. Spirit and Opportunity — 2004 ¢. Curiosity — 2018 © Which rover was the size of a golf cart? a.Sojourner —b. Opportunity _—_c. Curiosity @ What is NOT true about the Curiosity rover? a. It had more advanced science instruments. b, It measured high levels of space radiation on Mars. c. It was the first one to take color photos of Mars. © What can be inferred from the passage? a. The rovers helped scientists study the environment of Mars. b. The rovers are getting smaller and lighter. c. NASA's Mars 2020 rover will search for oxygen in the Martian air. © Circle the best place for the phrase “because of” in the sentence. (@) Itwas called ( (6) a science laboratory (©) its powerful science instruments. @ Unscramble and complete the sentence. Humans can’t 46Summarize | Complete the summary. NASA's Mars Rovers 1996 2003 2011 2020 Bete Piro ed Petes +Itwas launched in |] + They were + Itwas launched in || - It will be launched 1996. launched in 2003. || 2011 in 2020. +Itdrove only 100 || - They took ott + It will look for signs meters, hundreds of color of past life on Mars. + Ittook photos of Mars. with powerful «Iwill try to «They found signs science instruments. «It studied the that Mars had + It measured high from the Martian Martian rocks and levels of space air. dirt radiation, collected and analyzed the Martian rocks more than 550 pictures water and active volcanoes make oxygen Focus ©n Skills | Compare & Contrast Read and write the correct letters for each Mars rover. fio ees The Curiosity Rover + 48 cm wide, 30 cm tall, 11.5 kg + on Ares Vallis + 2.7 mwide, 2.2 m tall, 3,893 kg + Landed on August 6, 2012, on Gale Crater + Drove 18.13 km (as of 11 Feb, 2018) + 6 wheels, 17 cameras, a radiation detector, a robotic arm with + Analyzed Martian rocks and soil, + 6 wheels, 3 cameras + Analyzed Martian rocks and soil a. a drill, hand lens, X-ray machine _b. measured high levels of space radiation ¢. landed on July 4, 1997 d. drove 100 meters (1997-1998) about y, How are the two rovers different and similar? UNITO7 47Deo ey NTH oy: eceeeereeeeret Challenges of a Mars Mission + Can you guess how long does it take to get to Mars? + What are some of challenges for humans to go to Mars?challenge atmosphere rn. aninteresting and difficult problem or task a. the layer of air around Earth fuel shorten iio substance scl es Coal, G2, Croll el ¥v. to make something shorter in distance or can be burned to produce hei ve gravity nthe force that attracts objects toward one another supplies 1. (plural things needed for daly Ife fo € group of people over a period of time harsh ‘adj. difficult for people, animals, and plants spacecraft to live; severe fa vehicle used for travel in space Look and match to complete the sentences. Viking 1 was the first spacecraft made of gases. We don't fall off Earth because of gravity. Earth’s atmosphere is sent to Mars by NASA. Fill in the blanks to complete the sentences. harsh challenge — shortened ~—fuel__—supplies. Climate change is the biggest in the world. Emergency are kept in a safe place. The polar bears can survive in the weather. Long ago, trains and ships used coal for The express train the travel time between the two cities. Nsees ste MARS mission The distance between Earth and Mars changes every moment. The minimum dl Earth to Mars is ab farthest apart they can be about SUB ON CC Suet cs 1) At arrivat \ "eae When trip to another planet, launch time is y important. Leaving ly or ate can | time because both planets are ing in their own orbitbe harsh on humans. That's because its average temperature is about -63°C. The atmosphere is also thin and has too much CO2. Can humans get to Mars? NASAs scientists are studying different fuels to shorten the trip. They're also planning to send supplies like food, medicine, and fuel to Mars ahead of time. And they're building new spacecraft and spacesuits to protect the astronauts. Whew! There's a lot to prepare. But NASA is moving toward their goal. Let's hope we see the first human footprints in the Martian dirt someday! $0 iy! The atmosphere of Mars is much thinner than Earth's, and itis full of carbon dioxide. This means future Mars explorers won't be able to breathe Martian air. Mars is also much colder than Earth. The winter time temperature in its polar areas can be as low as -153°C. TEMPERATURE ON MARS ETO cueck v Which paragraph describes the harsh environment of Mars? O2nd O3rd O4th UNIT 08 51TU MLEI Choose the correct answers. @ What is the passage mainly about? a. why going to Mars is so challenging b, why people want to travel to space c. why NASA is making new spacecraft © Mars is about ___ away from Earth at its closest. a. 36 million km b.55 millionkm ——_¢. 63 million km © What is NOT a challenge NASA will face when sending humans to Mars? a. The crew may run out of supplies during the long journey. b. The crew could become ill because of the lack of gravity and high radiation. c. Mars’ atmosphere has too much oxygen to support life @ How are NASA's scientists trying to shorten the crew’s trip to Mars? a. They are studying different types of fuel. b. They are building a new spacesut, c. They are helping the crew build more muscle. © What can be inferred from the passage? a. The total journey time to Mars can be changed. b. The trip to Mars will be less dangerous than we thought. c. NASA still doesn’t have any solutions for the problems facing the Mars mission. @ Number the underlined words in the correct order. The spacecraft should be _to_ light enough land on Mars successfully. eG) @ Unscramble and complete the sentence. The new spacecraft is —-__ astronaut. “enough \strong) protect) to, 52Summarize It! Wesosesucetea Beginning | NASAisplanningto Paragraph 1 The journey to Mars will be dangerous and have some problems, + Long travel time is one of the big problems. It can The crew will need plenty of supplies to Middle keep them from running out, but the spacecraft should be light. Paregraphs 2-4 | « The crew could get sick because of They also will have difficulties to survive in the harsh environment of Mars End NASA is preparing some solutions, such as Paragraph 5 for these problems. take about 7 months to go to Mars new spacecraft and spacesuits send humans to Mars by the 2030s _high levels of radiation and weak gravity Focus ©n Skills / Problem & Solution What are the challenges for humans to go to Mars? Write the correct letters. fot Ute eee re Ml) Giesseuet Ee tack of supplies cue tothe long + NASA is developing different fuels journey: Lots of fuel, food, water and to shorten the trip to Mars. oxygen will be needed. + Crew's health problem: + Mars’ harsh environment: + NASA is building new spacecraft and spacesuits to protect the crew. a. NASA is planning to send supplies to Mars ahead of time. b. The lack of gravity and the high levels of radiation can cause serious disease. ¢. Mars is a very cold and dusty world with a very thin atmosphere. bout &, Do you have any other solutions to the problems of the Mars human mission? UNITO8 53ee UNITO9S Happy birthday to you! My favorite part is blowing out candles! When did people start celebrating birthdays with cakes and candles? + When did birthday celebrations ja. started? Bh + How do you celebrate your birthday?blow out phrase to put out a fire by blowing air from ¥. to be sure that something is true or correct the mouth honor celebrate to show great respect or admiration for ¥. to do something special for an important earache esomens event tradition prayer ener ie 1. words spoken to God or a god, especially something that has existed for a long time t0,ask for something ancient extra ‘adj. from a long time ago adj, added to the usual amount | VISUALIZE | Look and match to complete the sentences. @ The kids are blowing out * ancient buildings. @ Greece has many « the candles together. © The soccer team celebrates © ‘© winning the game. | APPLY | Fill in the blanks to complete the sentences. extra prayer believe honor _ tradition @ Sue needed an___ hour to finish her homework. @ Some people in aliens. © Tom said a for his parents’ good health. @ Eating turkey on Thanksgiving Day is an old © Mother's Day is a special day to mothers. UNITO9 55What's your favorite day of the year? For many of us, it's our birthday. We get presents, hear the Happy Birthday song, blow out candles, and eat our birthday cake. It doesn’t get much better than that! Today, birthdays are celebrated all over the world. But who started the tradition of cakes and candles? Amazingly, it goes back to the ancient Greeks. The ancient Greeks believed in many gods and goddesses. But to honor Artemis, the goddess of the moon, they made round cakes. Then candles wer on top. Why? They were ‘he Greeks also believed the rising smoke from the candles there to make the cake look like a glowing moon! lifted their prayers to the heavens. Maybe that's why we arene is the Olympian soe of hunting, the moon, wil make a wish before we blow out our birthday candles. animals, and childbirth. ECE cue What is the closest meaning for the word “glowing”? Othrilling © shining Rey ae: Birthday party in Manhattan, New York in 1906 Baby's Birthday, in 1867 by Frederick Daniel Hardy 56ers rH, The Romans were the first to celebrate birthdays for humans with cakes. During the 18th century, the Germans also started celebrating children’s birthdays with cakes and candles. They called it “Kinderfest” and put candles on the cake to show the years of the birthday child. Then they added an extra candle, hoping the child would safely live for another year. Birthday cakes weren't always sweet, though. That's Ancient Romans celebrated the birthdays with a round, only rich people got to eat sweet cakes. Imagine eating flat honey cake. because, at that time, sugar was very expensive, so an unsweetened cake. That's no fun! Luckily, sugar became cheaper to buy as technology developed. This meant people could put sugar in their cakes. Thank ECO cueck v goodness for that! K Which paragraph describes a change in the taste of Do you do anything special to celebrate birthdays in birthday cakes? your country? How do you celebrate your birthday? O2nd O3rd O4th oR CELE, Many countries celebrate birthdays with cakes and candles, but there are other special food: er world too CE cue v What is the birthday food of Australia? Ofairy bread + Qseaweed soup UNITOS 57PT cues [VIN Choose the correct answers. @ Whatis the passage mainly about? a. how birthdays are celebrated around the world b, how birthday celebrations began c. how technology changed the traditions of birthdays © Many people celebrate birthdays with a song, __,and__. a. sugar, the moon b. candles, a goddess _—_c. a cake, candles © Why did the ancient Greeks light the candles on the cake for Artemis? a. They believed the light from candles took their wishes to the goddess. b. They wanted to make the cake glow like the moon. c. They wanted to represent the age of the goddess. @ What is NOT true about birthday celebrations? a. The ancient Greeks were the first to celebrate the birthdays of humans. b. Germans used candles to show the age of the birthday child. c. Sugar was so expensive that people couldn't always use it for a birthday cake. © What can be inferred from the passage? a. Only rich people celebrated their birthday with cakes and candles. b. German's Kinderfest was very similar to the birthday celebration today. c. Birthday celebrations are the same everywhere. Ce © Circle the correct word and write. Sugar became cheaper to buy ___ technology developed | (so/as/if) © Unscramble and complete the sentence. The number of candles will increase 58Summarize Complete the summary. Today many of us a Paragraph eevee This tradition started in the ancient Greece. The Greeks made round cakes and lit candles ontop They believed the rising smoke from the 12 | ————————_— Paragraph 2 | ~ndies carried their prayers up to gods and goddesses in the sky. itis said making a wish before blowing out the candles came from this belief a Celebrating birthdays for humans with cakes . The Germans also began celebrating children’s, Paragraph 3 birthdays with cakes and the number of candles that corresponded to the birthday child’s age. a ng | Bitthday cakes weren't always sweet eae ________As sugar became cheaper, people could enjoy sweet cakes. was first started by the Romans to honor the goddess of the moon, Artemis because sugar was very expensive celebrate birthdays with cakes and candles, Focus ©n Skills / Sequence Complete the sentences and number them in the correct order. . ie The Tradition of Birthday Celebration * Le with cakes and candles. x The Germans started The Romans first celebrated | The ancient Greeks made | for artemis, the goddess of the moon [| The birthday tradition with cakes and candles round cakes and lit candles on top _ birthdays for people with cakes has spread all over the world celebrating children’s birthdays te How do you celebrate your birthday? Do you have any special food or event on your birthday? UNITO9 59e you ready to travel abroad? Do you have your tickets? Did you exchange money? How about your passport? You definitely need to have a pasoport to visit a different country. + What is a passport? + What information does a passport include?abroad ‘adv. in oF to another country document 1n.a piece of paper that has official information onit right 1. something that a person is legally allowed to have or do nationality 1. the state of belonging to a particular country signature 1 the name of a person witten with one's own hand allow ¥. to let someone have or do something permission inthe act of letting someone do something foreign ‘ag. coming from a country thats not one’s | VISUALIZE | Look and match to complete the sentences. @ The children all have & @ Many people travel « © No pets are © different nationalities. ® abroad on vacation ¢ allowed on this beach. | APPLY | Fill in the blanks to complete the sentences. foreign right @ Susan wrote her @ Students have the © Without a teacher's @ English is a permission document signature at the bottom of the page. to choose their school. , students can’t leave school early. language for Koreans. © Please read important information in theIf you're traveling abroad, what will you need? You'll need a plane ticket, money clothes, and a language book. But wait! The most important item is missing. Do you know what it is? It’s the passport. So what exactly is a passport? The passport is a travel document that gives you the right to travel abroad. It is a small book that includes your name, nationality, photo, Each time you enter a new country, an officer puts a stamp on one of your passport pages. birth date, and signature. Without it, you can't enter or leave most countri It means you're allowed to stay in the country ECD cueck v for a period of time. Your passport shows What is the closest meaning for the word “officer”? Oofficial OQ visitor where and when you have been abroad. Entry & Exit Stamps Stamps contain the date from point of entry and exit from a country. A few countries issue only entry stamps,When did people start using passports? It dates all the way back to 450 B.C, Even in those days, people needed permission to enter foreign lands. For example, officials had to travel with letters signed by the king, These letters usually asked for safe entry into another land, But the modern passport began much later. Historians aren't sure if it was Britain or France that first used them. However, “passport” comes from the old French word passeport that meant “to pass through a port.” Why did they use this One of the passport-ike word? That's because back then, people traveled by documents used in the old days ship and arrived in new countries through ports! COI cueck v Which paragraph matches the ys keep your passport with you title “History of Passports"? Now that you have your passport, you're ready to see the world. Alway and don't lose it during the trip. Happy travels! Otst O2nd O3rd oT Passports are only made in different shade of these four colors: red, green, blue, or black. Each country has its own reasons, such as religion, culture, or history, for choosing one of these colors. For example, most Muslim countries have green passports. CET cutee v What is the most common color of passport in North America? Ogreen Oblue Ored UNIT10 63CUCM LE Choose the correct answers. @ What is the passage mainly about? a. how people traveled in the old days b. which country first used passports c. what a passport is and its history @ Apassport is an official document that gives you the right to a. travel to other countries ——_-b. work in other countries _c. buy plane ticket © What will officers do if you're allowed to enter a new country? a. They will ask for your signature. b. They will stamp your passport. c. They will take a photo of you. © What is NOT true about a passport? a. It started being used around 450 B.C. b. It may include information, such as its owner's name and birth date. c. People can travel abroad even though they lose their passport. © What can be inferred from the passage? a. To go abroad, people have to prepare a passport first. b. France was the first country to use a passport. c. People don't travel abroad by ship anymore. Cee @ Circle the best place for the word “if” in the sentence. (@) Historians aren't sure ( ) it was Britain or France that (© ) first used them. @ Unscramble and complete the sentence. Ted to travel. 64RTT El arAs) Complete the summary. When you travel abroad, Paragraph 1 A passport is a travel document with a traveler's information, such as a name, nationality, photo, birth date, and signature. It gives you ‘When you get a stamp on your passport, you're allowed to stay in other countries. Paragraph 2 The passport was to enter another land. The modern passport was used much later by Britain or France. The word “passport” comes from the old French word passeport which meant “ " Paragraph 3 For your happy travel, it's important to keep your passport all the time Paragraph | ring the trip first used in 450 B.C. @ passport is the most important item to pass through a port the right to travel abroad Focus On Skills CTS CPC What information is included in a passport? Look and put V for the information. i beak Ga [_] Passport number Sst [_] Birth date BRITISH CITIZEN D7 ABR TAR 8S {| Phone number i aetarpot salen Job osoct ocr is” 2 onaligpans ¢ [| E-mail address Hudsan Nicholas 24 ie Nationality P 82Summarize It! (etueecucet as pa m4 Skateboarding ___ of our lives Ta such as fashion and music. It has become a cultural art form. Skateboarding started from Paragraph 2 | They wanted to practice surfing on land. Skateboarding was popular with younger people because it was fast, thrilling, and cheap to enjoy. Skateboarding is not easy to learn. Beginners have to start with basics and then they can try some difficult tricks. Paragraph 3 and “Grind” is a more challenging trick doing on a handrail or a bench. “Aerials” are tricks performed on a half pipe or ramp. so anybody can try new tricks of Paragraph 4 their own. has influenced many parts “Ollie” is a famous skateboarding trick skateboarding has no rules Californian surfers in the late 1940s Focus On Skills | identifying Details How can we do skateboard tricks? Read and write the correct letters. aboUry x a. Ollie: Kick the tall of the board and leap into the air. b, Grind: Do an ollie onto the edge of a handrail and slide down, ¢. Aerial-180: Push the tail of the board and make the board spin 180 degrees with your body in the air. d. Aerial-Flip: Kick the board and make it spin 360 degrees in the air. If you can invent a new trick of skateboard, what will you make? Explain your new trick. UNIT13. 83Sede ara ON 7X Th: + What is cheerleading? Thinks £2 + How has cheerleading Bi Talk changed over time? ~¥. to shout to encourage someone or a team competition ‘na contest in which people try to win by being better than others serve ¥. to work for; to do a duty to majority fA most ofthe people or things in a group consider ¥. to believe or think of someone or something in a certain way support v to encourage a group, organization, or idea motivate ¥. to give someone a reason to do something stunt 1n. an exciting and sometimes dangerous action that is done to entertain people | VISUALIZE | Look and match to complete the sentences. @ The cheerleaders are « @ The fans cheer for © People are racing @ in the bike compe! e their favorite team. © performing a stunt. | APPLY | Fill in the blanks to complete the sentences. support @ The video @ Both men and women can © The O We © Sheis majority serve considered motivates students to join the club. ___ as soldiers. of people know that Earth is round. __ the team by watching all their games. to be one of the greatest singers aCEUANGES IN CHEERLEADING What comes to mind when you think of cheerleaders? Most people immediately think of cute girls with tight uniforms and pom-poms. You may have seen them. passionately cheering for sports teams or performing in competitions. In the past, however, cheerleading had a completely different image. Believe it or not, there used to be no female cheerleaders! When cheerleading began in 1898, only men were cheerleaders. In 1923, women were first allowed to serve as cheerleaders. Later, in the 1940s, huge numbers of women became cheerleaders as many men had to leave to fight in World War II. Today, both men and women cheer together, but female cheerleaders make up the majority. Another element of cheerleading that has changed a lot is the uniform. Male cheerleaders of the past wore collared shirts, pants, and a belt, while women wore long wool skirts and collared shirts. This style of uniform was suitable for their easy cheer movements. But modern cheerleaders move around much more, so they need to wear tighter uniforms. EEO cute v What is the closest meaning for the word “complex”? Ostrange — OdiifficuttFinally, unlike today, cheerleading wasn't considered a sport in the past. Cheerleaders didn’t compete against each other and their only goals were to support their teams and motivate crowds. That has changed with the increase of complex cheerleading skills and movements. Cheerleaders regularly join competitions and perform stunts, tumbles, and pyramids. Even the IOC (International Olympic Committee) recognized cheerleading as an official sport in 2016. This change has motivated children in many countries to participate in cheerleading. It would be a great idea for you to try it out as well! EEO cueex v Which paragraph describes the change of See ou eure Cheerleading Stunts Stunts vary from a basic two-legged stunt to one-legged extended stunts. Cheerleaders have different positions to do a stunt. > Thigh Stand Stunt The flyer places — / The backspot her feet on olds the fyer's bases’ thighs. waist Oy — the bases hola the flyers legs with their front BL Pe » knees bent, > Half Stunt The flyer places her feet in the 1, The backspot bases’ hands. J holds the fyer’s Z ankles. — The bases hold the v flyer's feet close to thelr chins, > Full One-legged Stunt ‘on one leg and another leg is bent. _ The backspot holds the fiyer’s ankle, L tne bases it tne tere the A Tereesmabe fully extended. CIS cue v Which cheerleading stunt needs the flyer to stand on one leg? Odalf stunt — OFull one-legged stunt UNIT14 87