WEEKLY LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS

Science 10, Quarter 2, Week 8

USES AND FUNCTIONS OF OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS

Name: Section:

Competency: Identify ways in which the properties of mirrors and lenses determine
their use in optical instruments (S10FE-IIh-52).
Learning Objectives:
After going through this learning activity sheet, you are expected to:
 determine how a camera and periscope work;
 explain how concepts of mirror and lens are applied in a camera;
 identify other useful optical instruments;
 determine the function and uses of optical instruments; and
 express opinion about the important contribution of optical instruments
to the development of scientific world.
Time Allotment: 3 hours

Key Concepts

1. CAMERA

 The camera is a box-like device used for taking pictures. It uses a lens that
produces a real image on photographic film. It has a shutter that opens just
long enough to allow the image to fall on the film before closing again.

https://www.thesprucecrafts.com/what-to-know-about-camera-body-2688630

Author: Airene Jane B. Pelegro

School/Station: Del Monte National High School
Division:Agusan del Sur/ airene.pelegro@deped.gov.ph
  Modern cameras, more or less, work similarly to produce a photograph.
Obviously, some are more complex than others, but, in general, light travels a
similar path once it meets the camera lens.

 The Lens. Light first enters a lens. This is an

optical device made from plastic, glass, or
crystal that bends the light entering the lens
toward the image plane.
o The diaphragm opens and closes; in
dull conditions it is open to allow as
much light as possible to enter the
camera, and in bright conditions it is
nearly closed. Both the diaphragm and
lens are fixed to rings so that they can http://www.schoolphysics.co.uk/age11-
be adjusted. 14/Light/text/Camera_/index.html

o The Shutter. Many cameras have a device that opens and closes to let
light impact the image plane for a predetermined amount of time. This is
the shutter and it works much like your opening and closing eyelids.
The shutter is a complex mechanical (or electrical) system. Mechanical
cameras may have leaf or focal-plane shutters. The leaf shutter opens
and closes like the aperture diaphragm and the focal-plane shutter uses
“curtains” that work like garage doors.
o The Image Plane After light passes through the lens aperture and is
allowed to travel through an open shutter, it strikes the image plane. At
the image plane is light-sensitive chemical-based film or a digital sensor
on which the projected image is recorded. This plane’s position inside the
camera is often marked by this symbol: "Φ" painted or engraved
somewhere on the camera body, often on the top plate.

2. PERISCOPE
 Periscope comes from two Greek words, peri,
meaning "around," and scopus, "to look." A
periscope lets you look around walls, corners, or
other obstacles. A periscope includes two mirrors
or reflecting prisms to change the direction of the
light coming from the scene observed: the first
deflects it down through a vertical tube; the
second diverts it horizontally so that the scene
can be viewed conveniently.
www.twinkl.co.za/illustration/perisco
pe-light-rays-included

Author: Airene Jane B. Pelegro

School/Station: Del Monte National High School
Division:Agusan del Sur/ airene.pelegro@deped.gov.ph
 Other Optical Instruments and their Functions

The following are some optical instruments, their uses and

functions.

Magnifying glass is a single positive lens that will add

convergence to the visual system. As an object is brought
near the eye, the retinal image increases in size. There is a
limit to this increase in size, however in the sense that at a
very short distance between the eye and the object, the rays
will diverge so much that a magnifying lens becomes
necessary. The main function of a magnifying glass is to
provide an image of an object that is bigger than that seen by
the naked eye. http://oer2go.org/mods/en-
boundless/www.boundless.com/physics/textbooks/b
oundless-physics-textbook/vision-and-optical-
instruments-25/other-optical-instruments-173/the-
magnifying-glass-623-6071/index.html

A compound microscope consists of a

combination of lenses for magnifying an
object several hundred times. It uses two
converging lenses with short focal lengths.
The lens near the object is the objective lens,
while the one nearer the eye is the eyepiece.
The objective lens forms a real and enlarged
inverted image. The eyepiece, on the other
hand, forms a further enlarged, erect but
virtual final image.

https://www.microscopeworld.com/p-3470-what-
is-a-compound-microscope.aspx

A telescope allows us to see distant

objects. It contains two diverging lenses,
namely, the objective and the eyepiece. The
objective lens forms a real image of a very
distant object within the focus of the
eyepiece lens. Meanwhile, the focal length
of the objective lens must be relatively
longer than the eyepiece lens for bigger
magnification. https://www.popularmechanics.com/space/telescopes/reviews/a25198
/best-telescopes-for-

Author: Airene Jane B. Pelegro

School/Station: Del Monte National High School
Division:Agusan del Sur/ airene.pelegro@deped.gov.ph
Binoculars consist of a pair of telescopes mounted together,
each having an objective lens and an eyepiece. The image
formed by the objective lens of binoculars is upside-down, and
the left and right sides are reversed. Binoculars use a system
of prisms to switch the image left to right and right to left.
Then the eyepieces create enlarged, virtual, upright images.

https://www.bhphotovideo.com/c/product/143241
9REG/olympus_v501020bu000_8x42_pro_binocular
.html

An endoscope is a long flexible tube that is inserted in the

body so that a doctor can observe internal passage such as
person’s esophagus or intestine. It has a converging lens
and bunches of optical fibers that convey the image to the
end of the tube, where the image can be observed through
a computer monitor or screen. An endoscope uses the
concept of total internal reflection. https://partnershipmedical.com/uncategorized/avo
iding-the-broken-endoscope-blues/

The spectrometer uses the principle of

diffraction to create a spectrum of colors
emitted by a light source. This aids scientists
and engineers in identifying different
substances.
https://www.rdworldonline.co
m/what-is-a-spectrometer/

An overhead projector has a mirror, which focuses light from an intense

source onto a pair of converging lenses. These lenses direct the light
through the slide to a projection lens. The lens is mounted on a sliding
tube so that it can be adjusted to be able to focus the real image on the
screen.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polylux_
(overhead_projector)#/media/File:Pirn
a_DDR_Museum_Polylux.jpg

Interferometer is an optical device that uses the concepts of

diffraction and interference to make precise measurements of very
small distances. It can also be used to measure changes in the
index of refraction.

https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Michelson
_interferometer
Author: Airene Jane B. Pelegro
School/Station: Del Monte National High School
Division:Agusan del Sur/ airene.pelegro@deped.gov.ph
 Activity 1. Sketch the Ray!

What you need: -Pencil -Paper

What to do:

Create a ray diagram showing the light rays responsible for the image seen in a
periscope. Write your answer in a separate sheet of paper.

Guiding Questions:

1. How can you explain the concepts of reflection of light to this

diagram?

2. How does a periscope vary from other Optical instruments in terms of light
rays reflecting from one surface to another?

Scoring Rubric for Q1 and Q2

4 points Discussions are well organized with no misconception.
3 points Discussions are organized with minor misconception.
2 points Discussions are less organized with minor misconception.
1 point Discussions are incomplete with minor misconception.

Activity 2. Trace Me!

Using the concepts gained from the discussions above, identify the correct light
passage used in a camera. Give a brief explanation to the image why does it suit to a
camera. Explain why the other image is not possible.
A B

https://www.toppr.com/ask/question/which-diagram-correctly-represents-rays-of-light-passing-through-a-converging-lens-in-a-camera/

Author: Airene Jane B. Pelegro

School/Station: Del Monte National High School
Division:Agusan del Sur/ airene.pelegro@deped.gov.ph
Rubrics

8-10 – Gives appropriate ideas. Concepts are clearly stated with enough reasons.
5-7 – Ideas are clearly stated but without enough support.
1-4 – Ideas are not clear.

Activity 3. Let’s Try This!

Match the Optical Instruments in Column A with their corresponding uses in Column
B. Write the correct letter before each number.
A B
1. Telescope A. Used for viewing samples at high magnification,
2. Endoscope which is achieved by the combined effect of two
3. Camera sets of lenses.
4. Spectrometer B. Used to see objects that are far away
5. Magnifying Glass C. Used for observation over, around or through an
6. Periscope object.
7. Interferometer D. Used to capture and record images.
8. Overhead Projector E. Used to provide an image of an object that is bigger
9. Compound microscope than that seen by the naked eye.
10. Binoculars F. Used as a system of prisms that switches the image
left to right and right to left.
G. Used to observe internal passage such as person’s
esophagus or intestine.
H. Used to create a spectrum of colours emitted by a
light source.
I. Used to direct the light through the slide to a
projection lens
J. Used to measure changes in the index of refraction.

Reflection In your daily activities, how important are Optical Instruments that may
help you achieve real-life routines. Write a five-sentence discussion in a separate sheet
of paper.

Rubrics
3- The discussion is scientifically consistent to the concepts and has no
misconception.
2- The discussion is scientifically consistent to the concepts, but with minimal
misconception.
1 –The discussion is consistent to the concept but with misconception.

Author: Airene Jane B. Pelegro

School/Station: Del Monte National High School
Division:Agusan del Sur/ airene.pelegro@deped.gov.ph
 References

Books

Department of Education. “Making Improvised Optical Device.” Science Learner’s

Material. 2015.

Department of Education. “Making Improvised Optical Device.” Science Teacher’s

Guide. 2015.

Online Resources

“How mirrors, lenses, and prisms shape light systems”

www.laserfocusworld.com/optics/article /16551028/how-mirrors-lenses-and-
prisms shape-light-systems. Accessed 28 October 2020.

Wilkes, RJ. “Optical Instruments.” . Physics 116. E-book, 2011.

“Converging lens “. Accessed on 4 November 2020

https://www.toppr.com/ask/question/which-diagram-correctly-represents-
rays-of-light-passing-through-a-converging-lens-in-a-camera/

“Camera.” Accessed on 4 November 2020.

https://www.thesprucecrafts.com/what-to-know-about-camera-body-2688630

“Periscope.” Accessed on 4 November 2020.

https://www.twinkl.co.za/illustration/periscope-light-rays-included

Author: Airene Jane B. Pelegro

School/Station: Del Monte National High School
Division:Agusan del Sur/ airene.pelegro@deped.gov.ph
Activity 1

Q1. The light from the object falls on one mirror at a 45 0 angle from the object and is
reflected. This reflected light then falls on another mirror and is again reflected until it
reaches the eye.

Q2. In a periscope, there are two mirrors or reflecting prisms that are needed to
change the direction of the light coming from the scene observed: the first deflects it
down through a vertical tube; the second diverts it horizontally so that the scene can
be viewed conveniently. On the other hand, optical instruments such as telescope,
microscope, magnifying glass and binoculars use lenses which allow light to travel
slowly than in the surrounding air. This bending of light is commonly called refraction
and this is responsible in focusing images in high magnification.

Activity 2

This is the correct image of the passage of light

through the convex lens of a camera. The light
first enters the lens. After light passes through
the lens aperture and is allowed to travel through
an open shutter, it strikes the image plane.

For a Convex lens, light ray passing through pole

passes without deviation. This light ray parallel
to principal axis passes through focus thus
creating a real image on photographic film.

This second image could not be possible for any

optical instrument that uses lens because it does
not follow any correct location, orientation size
and type of image formed by any lenses.

Note: The correct Location, Orientation, Size and Type

of Image formed by Lenses are found in Table 9 of page
155 of the Teacher’s Guide.

Activity 3

1. B 6. C
2. G 7. J
3. D 8. I
4. H 9. A
5. E 10. F

Author: Airene Jane B. Pelegro

School/Station: Del Monte National High School
Division:Agusan del Sur/ airene.pelegro@deped.gov.ph