1987 PHILIPPINE CONSITUTION ARTICLE 2 Summary of Sections:

Section 1: Section 13
Friday, June 18, 2021 10:38 PM
• The Philippines, a democratic and republican State. • Role of the youth in nation-building.
CONSTITUTION
• Sovereignty of the people Section 14
• body of rules and principles in accordance with which the powers of sovereignty is regularly exercised
• Right of the people to revolt. • Role of the women in nation-building.
• CONSTITUO
Section 2 Section 15
○ - “fixed”, “established”, or “settled”
• Renunciation of war as an instrument of national • Right to health
policy Section 16
PREAMBLE
• Adaptation of the generally accepted principles of • Right of the people to a balanced and healthful
• It is the prologue of the Constitution ecology.
International law as part of our law.
• preambulare - “to walk before” • Adherence to the policy of peace, etc. With all Section 17
nation. • Priority to education, science and technology,
ARTICLE 1: The national territory Section 3 arts,culture and sports.
• The national territory comprises the Philippine archipelago, with all the islands and waters embraced • Supremacy of civilian authority over the military Section 18
therein, and all other territories over which the Philippines has sovereignty or jurisdiction, consisting of its • Labor as a primary social force.
• Armed Forces of the Philippines, protector of the
terrestrial, fluvial and aerial domains, including its territorial sea, the seabed, the subsoil, the insular Section 19
people and State.
shelves, and other submarine areas. The waters around, between, and connecting the islands of the
Section 4 • Self-reliant and independent national economy.
archipelago, regardless of their breadth and dimensions, form part of the internal waters of the
• Prime duty of the Government Section 20
Philippines.
• Defense of the State against foreign aggression • Role of the private sector in the economy
• The National Territory comprises the Philippine Archipelago with all the islands and waters EMBRACED
• Military and civil service. Section 21
therein, and all other territories over which the Philippines has SOVEREIGNTY or JURISDICTION
Section 5 • Comprehensive rural development and agrarian
• Consisting of its TERRESTRIAL, FLUVIAL and AERIAL DOMAINS, including its TERRITORIAL SEA, the
• Maintenance of peace and order, etc. reform
SEABED, the SUBSOIL, the INSULAR SHELVES and other SUBMARINE AREAS
Section 6 Section 22
• The waters around, between and connecting the islands of the archipelago regardless of their breadth
and dimensions form part of the INTERNAL WATERS of the Philippines Consisting of its TERRESTRIAL, • Principle of Separation of Church and State. • Rights of indigenous cultural communities.
FLUVIAL and AERIAL DOMAINS, including its TERRITORIAL SEA, THE SEABED, THE SUBSOIL, THE • No hostility towards religion. Section 23
INSULAR SHELVES and other SUBMARINE AREAS Section 7 • Non-governmental, community-based or sectoral
• Foreign Policy of the Philippines. organizations.
Location - Malay Archipelago in Southeast Asia Section 8 Section 24
116° 40’ and 126° 34’ E • Freedom of nuclear weapons. • Vital role of communication and information in
longitude and 4° 40’ and 21° 10’ North latitude. Section 9 nation-building.
Section 25
• Just and dynamic social order.
Land Area - 300,000 sq. km Section 10 • Autonomy of local government
Number of Philippine Islands 7,107 Is. Section 26
• Social Justice
Section 11 • Equal access to opportunities for public service.
Major islands Section 27
• Human dignity and human rights.
1. Luzon - 104,687.8 sq. km Section 12 • Honesty and integrity in public service.
2. Visayan - 57,201.9 sq. km Section 28
• Strengthening the family as a basic autonomous
3. Mindanao - 94,630.1 sq. km social institution. • Full disclosure by the State of all its transactions.
• Right to life of unborn from conception
Article 2: Declaration of Principles and State Policies Summary:
• Rearing of the youth for civic efficiency and
• contains 28 sections divided into two parts.
development of moral character.
• The first part: enumerates the principles of the State such as the democratic and republican nature of the
Philippine State; the supremacy of civilian authority over the military; the people's duty to defend the
State; separation of Church and State; and renunciation of war as an instrument of national policy.
• The second part: stipulates the State policies such as the promotion of an independent foreign policy; Article 3 - Bill of Rights
recognition of the youth's and women's role in nation-building; promotion of a comprehensive rural
development and agrarian reform; and the promotion of social justice. Section 1: Right to life, liberty, and property • You should not be deprive of your life, liberty, and property.
Nature: This portion of our constitution may be called the basic political creed of the nation. Section 2: Right against unreasonable searches and seizures.
1. It lays down the fundamental principles and policies the government is committed to observe and Section 3: Every person has the right to keep his communication or correspondence a secret.
prescribes the fundamental obligation of the government, particularly the legislative and executive Section 4: Freedom of Speech. Right to a Free Press ; Freedom of Assembly ; The Right of Petition
departments as its policy-determining organs. Section 5: Freedom of Religion.
2. The enforcement of the duties consequently rests with the executive and legislative departments, and the Section 6: The liberty of abode & the right to travel.
electorate cannot demand their enforcement through the courts. The remedy is political. It is incumbent on Section 7: The right to information.
the people to demand the fulfilment these government duties through the exercise of the right of suffrage. Section 8: Right to form associations.
But indirectly, some of these principles may guide the courts in determining the validity of statutes or Section 9: The Right to Just Compensation.
executive acts in justiciable cases. Section 10: Non-Impairment Clause.
Section 11: Free Access to Court
Section 12: Right of Person under Custodial Investigation
Section 13: The Right to Bail & Against Excessive Bail
Section 14: Rights of the Accused
▪ Right to Due Process of Law in Criminal Cases
▪ Innocent Until Proven Guilty
▪ The Right to Confront One’s Accuser
▪ Basis for Trials in Absentia.
Section 15: Writ of Habeas Corpus
• Cannot occur in martial law
Section 16: Right to Speedy Disposition of Cases.
Section 17: Right against self- incrimination.
Section 18: The Right to political beliefs and aspirations.
Section 19: The prohibition against cruel, degrading or inhuman punishment
Section 20: Non- Imprisonment for debts
Section 21: Right against double jeopardy
Section 22: Ex post facto law and bill of attainder
• Commit the crime: punishable (decriminalizing) - not applicable
• Lowering the penalty - applicable

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