1

CRIMINAL LAW BOOK II

REVIEWER
Classification of Crimes 10. Direct Assaults
1. Crimes against National Security 11. Indirect Assaults
2. Crimes against Law of Nations 12. Disobedience to summons issued by the national
3. Crimes against the Fundamental Laws of the State assembly or constitutional commissions
4. Crimes against Public Order 13. Resistance and Disobedience to a person in
5. Crimes against Public Interest authority or his agents
6. Crimes against Public Morals 14. Tumults and other disturbances of public disorder
7. Crimes committed by Public Officers 15. Unlawful use of means of publication and unlawful
8. Crimes against Persons utterances
9. Crimes against Personal Liberty and Security 16. Alarms and Scandals
10. Crimes against Property 17. Delivering Prisoners from Jail
11. Crimes against Chastity 18. Evasion by escaping during term of sentence
12. Crimes against Civil Status 19. Evasion on the occasion of disorder
13. Crimes against Honor 20. Evasion by violation of conditional pardon
14. Criminal Negligence
15. Special Laws CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC INTEREST
Acts of Counterfeiting
CRIMES AGAINST NATIONAL SECURITY 1. Forging the seal of the Government, signature or
1.Treason stamp of the Chief Executive
2.Conspiracy and Proposal to commit Treason 2. Using forged signature, seal or stamp
3. Misprision of Treason 3. Counterfeiting coins
4. Espionage 4. Mutilation of coins
5. Inciting to War and Giving Motives for Reprisal 5. Forging treasury or bank notes or other documents to
6. Violation of Neutrality bearer
7. Correspondence with Hostile Country
8. Flight to Enemy Country Acts of Forgery
1. Illegal possession and use of false treasury or bank
CRIMES AGAINST LAW OF NATIONS notes and other instruments of credit
1. Piracy and Mutiny 2. How forgery is committed
2. Qualified Piracy and Mutiny
Acts of Falsification
1. Falsification of legislative documents
CRIMES AGAINST THE FUNDAMENTAL 2. Falsification by public officer, employee or notary
LAWS OF THE STATE ecclesiastical minister
1. Arbitrary Detention 3. Falsification by private individuals
2. Delay in the delivery of detained persons to the 4. Falsification of wireless, cable, telegraph and
proper judicial authorities telephone messages
3. Delaying Release 5.Falsification of medical certificates, certificates of
4. Expulsion merit or service
5. Violation of Domicile 6. Using false certificates
6. Search warrants maliciously obtained and abuse in 7.Manufacturing and possession of instruments or
the service of those legally obtained implements of falsification
7. Searching domicile without witnesses
8. Prohibition, interruption and dissolution of peaceful Other Falsities
meetings 1. Usurpation of authority or official functions
9. Interruption of Religious Feelings 2. Using fictitious and concealing true Name
10. Offending the religious feelings 3. Illegal use of uniforms and insignia
4. False testimony against a defendant
CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC ORDER 5. False testimony favorable to the defendant
1. Rebellion 6. False testimony in civil cases
2. Coup d’etat 7. False testimony in other cases and perjury in solemn
3. Disloyalty of Public Officers or Employees affirmation
4. Sedition 8. Offering false testimony in evidence
5. Acts tending to prevent the meeting of the National 9. Machinations in Public Auctions
Assembly and Similar Bodies 10. Monopolies and Combination in Restraint of Trade
6. Disturbance of Proceedings 11. Importation and Disposition of falsely marked
7. Violation of Parliamentary Immunity articles or merchandise of gold, silver, or other precious
8. lllegal Assemblies metals or their alloys
9. Illegal Associations
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CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC MORALS

1. Grave Scandal 13. Trespass to dwelling
2. Immoral Doctrines, Obscene Publications and 14. Other forms of trespass to dwelling
Exhibitions and Indecent Shows 15. Grave threats
3. Anti Gambling 16. Light threats
17. Grave Coercion
CRIMES COMMITTED BY PUBLIC OFFICERS 18. Light Coercion
Misfeasance
1. Knowingly rendering unjust judgment
2. Rendering judgment through negligence CRIMES AGAINST PROPERTY
3. Rendering unjust interlocutory order 1. Robbery
4. Malicious delay in the administration of justice 2. Theft
3. Qualified theft
Malfeasance 4. Theft of the Property of the National Library and
1. Direct bribery National Museum
2. Indirect bribery 5. Occupation of Real Property or Usurpation of Real
Rights in Property
Nonfeasance 6. Altering Boundaries or Landmarks
1. Dereliction of duty in the prosecution of offenses 7. Swindling (Estafa) and other Deceits
8. Malicious Mischief
CRIMES AGAINST PERSONS
1. Parricide
2. Death and physical injuries inflicted under CRIMES AGAINST CHASTITY
exceptional circumstances 1. Adultery
3. Murder 2. Concubinage
4. Homicide 3. Acts of Lasciviousness
5. Death in Tumultuous Affray 4. Seduction
6. Physical Injuries inflicted in tumultuous affray 5. Corruption of Minors
7. Giving assistance to suicide 6. Forcible Abduction
8. Discharge of firearm 7. Consented Abduction
9. Infanticide
10. Intentional abortion CRIMES AGAINST CIVIL STATUS
11. Unintentional abortion 1. Simulation of Births, Substitution of One Child for
12. Abortion practiced by the woman herself or her Another and Concealment or Abandonment of a
parents Legitimate Child
2. Usurpation of Civil Status
13. Abortion practiced by physician or midwife and 3. Bigamy
dispensing of abortives 4. Performance of Illegal Marriage Ceremony
Physical Injuries
14. Mutilation
15. Serious Physical Injuries CRIMES AGAINST HONOR
16. Administering injurious substances or beverages 1. Libel
17. Less serious physical injuries 2. Slander (Oral Defamation)
18. Slight physical injuries 3. Slander by Deed
19. Rape 4. Incriminating Innocent Person

CRIMINAL NEGLIGENCE
CRIMES AGAINST PERSONAL LIBERTY AND 1. Imprudence
SECURITY 2. Negligence
1.Kidnapping and Serious Illegal Detention
2. Slight illegal detention
3. Unlawful arrest ELEMENTS OF THE CRIME
4. Kidnapping and failure to return a minor
5. Inducing a minor to abandon his home Crimes against National Security
6. Slavery Treason
7. Exploitation of Child Labor 1. Offender: Filipino citizen or alien residing in the
8. Services rendered under compulsion in payment of debt Philippines
9. Abandonment of persons in danger and 2. There is war where the Philippines is involved
abandonment of one’s own victim 3. Offender either:
10. Abandoning a minor a. levies war against the government
11. Abandonment of minor by a person entrusted with b. adheres to enemies, giving them aid or comfort
his custody; indifference of parents
12. Exploitation of minors
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Misprision of Treason
1. Offender (not a foreigner) must own allegiance to the
government
2. He has knowledge of conspiracy to commit treason
against the government
3. He conceals such knowledge to the Governor, Fiscal
of the Province or Mayor or Fiscal of the City
Espionage
Ways to commit
1. Entering without authority a warship, fort or naval
establishment or reservation to obtain any information,
plans, photographs or other data of confidential nature
relative to the defense of the Philippines
2. Disclosing to the representative of a foreign nation
the contents of articles, data or information relative to
the defense of the Philippines which he had in his
possession by reason of public office he holds
Inciting to War or Giving Motives for Reprisals
1. Offender performs unlawful/unauthorized acts
2. Such acts provoke or give occasion for a war
involving the Philippines or expose Filipino citizens to
reprisals on their persons or property
Violation of Neutrality
1. There is war in which the Philippines not involved
2. There is regulation issued by competent authority
enforcing neutrality
3. Offender violates such regulation
Correspondence with Hostile Country
1. There is war in which the Philippines is involved
2. Offender makes correspondence with an enemy
country or territory occupied by enemy troops
3. Correspondence is either:
a. prohibited by the government
b. carried on in ciphers or conventional signs
c. containing notice or information which might be
useful to enemy
Flight to Enemy Country
1. There is war which the Philippines in involved
2. Offender attempts to flee or go to enemy country
3. Going to enemy country is prohibited by competent
authority
Crimes against Law of Nations
Piracy
1. A vessel is on high seas or in the Philippine waters
2. Offenders are not members of its complement or
passengers of the vessel
3. Offenders either-
a. attack or seize the vessel
b. seize the whole or part of the cargo of said vessel, its
equipment or personal belongings of its complement or
passengers
Qualified Piracy
1. Whenever they have seized a vessel by boarding or
firing upon the same
2. Whenever the parties have abandoned their victims
without means of saving themselves
3. Whenever the crime is accompanied by murder,
homicide, physical injuries or rape
Mutiny
Unlawful resistance to a superior officer or the raising
of commotions and disturbances onboard a ship against
the authority of its commander
Crimes against the Fundamental Laws of the State
Arbitrary Detention
1. Offender is a public officer or employee
2. He detains a person
3. Detention is without legal grounds
Delay in the Delivery of Detained Persons to the
Proper Judicial Authorities
1. Offender is public officer or employee
2. He has detained a person for some legal ground
3. He fails to deliver such person to the proper judicial
authorities
a. 12 hours- crimes punishable by light penalties
b.18 hours- crimes punishable by correccional
penalties
c. 36 hours-crimes punishable by afflictive penalties
Delaying Release
1. Offender is a public officer or employee
2. There is judicial or executive order for the release
of the prisoner
3. Offender without good reason delays:
a. service of notice of such order to the prisoner
b. performance of such judicial or executive order for
the release of the prisoner
c. proceedings upon a petition for the release of such
person
Expulsion
1. Offender is a public officer or employee
2. He either:
a. expels any person from the Philippines
b. compels a person to change residence
c. offender is not authorized to do so by law
Violation of Domicile
1. Offender is a public officer or employee
2. He is not authorized by judicial order to enter the
dwelling and/or to make a search for papers and for
other effects
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Search Warrants Maliciously Obtained and Abuse
in the Service of those Legally Obtained
1. Procuring search warrant without just cause
a. Offender is a public officer or employee
b. He procures a search warrant
c. There is no just cause
2. Exceeding his authority or by using unnecessary
severity in executing a search warrant legally procured
a. Offender is a public officer or employee
b. He has legally procured a search warrant
c. He exceeds his authority or uses unnecessary severity
in executing the same
Searching Domicile without Witnesses
1. Offender is a public officer or employee
2. He is armed with search warrant legally procured
3. He searches the domicile, papers or other belongings
of any person
4. Owner or any member of his family or two witnesses
residing in the same locality are not present
Prohibition, Interruption and Dissolution of
Peaceful Meetings
1. Offender is a public officer or employee
2. He performs the following:
a. prohibiting or interrupting without legal ground the
holding of a peaceful meeting
b. hindering any person from joining any lawful
association or from attending any of its meetings
c. prohibiting or hindering any person from addressing,
either alone or together with others, any petition to the
authorities for correction of abuses or redress of
grievances
Interruption of Religious Worship
1. Offender is a public officer or employee
2. Religious ceremonies or manifestations of any
religion are about to take place or are going on
3. Offender prevents or disturbs the same
Offending Religious Feelings
1. Acts complained of were performed:
a. In a place devoted to religious worship
b. During the celebration of any religious ceremony
2. Acts must be notoriously offensive to the feelings of
the faithful
Crimes against Public Order
Rebellion
1. There is public uprising and taking of arms against
the Government
2. Purpose of the uprising is either:
a. remove allegiance to Government
b. deprive the Chief Executive or Congress wholly or
partially, any of their powers or prerogatives
Coup d’etat
1. Offender belongs to the military, police or holding
any public office or employment
2.There be a swift attack accompanied by violence,
intimidation, threat, strategy or stealth
3. The purpose of the attack is to seize or diminish State
power
4. Attack is directed against duly constituted authorities
of the Republic of the Philippines or any military camp
or installation communication networks, public utilities
or other facilities needed for the exercise and continued
possession of power
Disloyalty of Public Officers or Employees
1. Failing to resist a rebellion by all means in their
power
2. Continuing to discharge the duties of their offices
under the control of rebels
3. Accepting appointment to office under them
Sedition
1. Offenders rise publicly and tumultuously
2. They employ force, intim1 idation or other means
outside of legal methods
3. They employ any of the means to:
a. prevent the promulgation or execution of any law or
the holding of any popular election
b. prevent the national government or any provincial or
municipal government or any public officer from freely
exercising its/his functions or prevent the execution of
any administrative order
c. inflict any act of hate or revenge upon the person or
property of any public officer or employee
d. commit for any political or social end any act of hate
or revenge against private persons or any social class
e. despoil any person, municipality or province or
national government of all its property or any part
thereof for any political or social end
Acts Tending to Prevent the Meeting of the National
Assembly and Similar Bodies
1. There be a projected or actual meeting of Congress
or any of its committees, sub-committees or
constitutional committees or divisions thereof or any
provincial board
2. Offender who may be any person prevents such
meeting by force or fraud
Disturbance of Proceedings
1. There be a meeting of Congress or any of its
committees, sub committees, constitutional
commissions or committees or divisions thereof or of
any provincial, city or municipal council or board
2. Offender does any of the following acts:
a. disturbs any of such meetings
b. behaves while in the presence of any such bodies in
such a manner as to interrupt its proceedings
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Violation of Parliamentary Immunity
1. By using force, intimidation, threats or fraud to
prevent any member of the Congress from:
a. attending the meetings of Congress or any of its
committees or sub committees, constitutional
commissions or committees or divisions thereof
b. from expressing his opinions
c. casting his vote
2. By arresting or searching any member thereof while
Congress is in regular or special session except in case
such member has committed a crime punishable under
the code by a penalty higher than prision mayor
Illegal Assemblies
1. Any meeting attended by armed persons for the
purpose of committing any of the crimes punishable
under the Code
2. Any meeting in which the audience, whether armed
or not, is incited to the commission of the crime of
treason, rebellion, sedition or direct assault
Illegal Associations
1. Associations totally or partially organized for the
purpose of committing any of the crimes punishable
under the code
2. Associations totally or partially organized for some
purpose contrary to public morals
Direct Assault
1. Without public uprising, by employing force or
intimidation for the attainment of any of the purposes
of rebellion ad sedition
2. Without public uprising, by attacking or employing
force or by seriously intimidating or by seriously
resisting any person in authority or any of his agents,
while engaged in the performance of official duties or
on the occasion of such performance
Indirect Assault
1. An agent of a person in authority is the victim of any
of the forms of direct assault
2. A person comes to the aid of such authority
3. That the offender makes use of force or intimidation
upon such person coming to the aid of the authority or
his agent
Who are Persons in Authority?
Persons in authority are those directly vested with
jurisdiction, whether as an individual or as a member
of some court or government corporation, board or
commission
The following are persons in authority:
1. Mayors
2. Division Superintendent of School
3. Public and Private School Teachers
4. Provincial Fiscal
5. Judges
6. Lawyers in actual performance of duties
7. Sangguniang Bayan Member
8. Barangay Chairman
9. Members of the Lupong Tagapamayapa
Who are agents of a person in authority?
Any person who by direct provision of law or by
election or by appointment by competent authority is
charged with:
1. Maintenance of public order
2. Protection and security of life and property
The following are agents of person in authority:
1. Barangay Kagawad
2. Barangay Tanod
3. Barangay Councilman
4. Any person who comes to the aid of person in
authority
Resistance ad Disobedience to a Person in Authority
of his Agents
1. A person in authority or his agent is engaged in the
performance of official duty or gives lawful order to the
offender
2. The offender resists or seriously disobeys such
person in authority or his agent
Simple Disobedience
1. An agent of a person in authority is engaged in the
performance of official duty or gives a lawful order to
the offender
2. The offender disobeys such agent of a person in
authority
3. Such disobedience is not of a serious nature
Tumults and other Disturbances of Public Disorder
1. Causing any serious disturbance in a public place,
office or establishment
2. Interrupting or disturbing performances, functions or
gatherings or peaceful meetings
3. Making any outcry tending to incite rebellion or
sedition in any meeting, association or public place
4. Displaying placards or emblems which provoke a
disturbance of public disorder
5. Burying with pomp the body of a person who has
been legally executed
Alarms and Scandals
1. Discharging any firearm, rocket, firecracker or other
explosive within any town or public place calculated to
cause alarm or danger
2. Instigating or taking an active part in any charivari
or other disorderly meeting offensive to another or
prejudicial to public tranquility
3. Disturbing the public peace while wandering about
at night or while engaged in any nocturnal
arrangements
4. Causing any disturbance or scandal in public places
while intoxicated
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Delivering Prisoners from Jail
1. There is a person confined in a jail or penal
establishment
2. The offender removes therefrom such person or
helps the escape of such person
Evasion by Escaping During Term of Sentence
1. Offender is a convict by final judgment
2. He is serving sentence which consists of deprivation
of liberty
3. He evades the service of his sentence by escaping
during the term of his sentence
Evasion on the Occasion of Disorders
1. Offender is a convict by final judgment who is
confined in a penal institution
2. There is disorder which result from:
a. Conflagration
b. Earthquake
c. Explosion
d. Other similar catastrophe
e. Mutiny which he has not participated
3. Offender evades the service of his sentence by
leaving the penal institution where he is confined on
the occasion of such disorder or during the mutiny
4. Offender fails to give himself up to the authorities
within 48 hours following the issuance of a
proclamation by the Chief Executive announcing the
passing away of such calamity
Evasion by Violation of Conditional Pardon
1. Offender was a convict
2. He was granted a conditional pardon by the Chief
Executive
3. He violated any of the conditions of such pardon
Crimes against Public Interest
Counterfeiting the Great Seal of the Government of
the Philippines, Forging the Signature or Stamp of
the Chief Executive
1. Forging great seal
2. Forging signature of the President
3. Forging the stamp of the President
Using Forged Signature, Seal or Stamp
1. Great Seal of the Republic was counterfeited or the
signature or stamp of the Chief Executive was forged
by another person
2. Offender knew of the counterfeiting or forgery
Making, Importing and Uttering False Coins
1. There be false or counterfeited coins
2. Offender either made, imported or uttered such coins
3. In case of uttering such false or counterfeited coins,
he connived with the counterfeiters or importers
Mutilation of Coins, Importation and Utterance of
Mutilated Coins
1. Coin mutilated is of legal tender
2. Offender gains from precious metal dust abstracted
from the coin
Selling of False or Mutilated Coin without
Connivance
1. Possession of coin, counterfeited or mutilated by
another person, with intent to utter the same, knowing
that it is false or mutilated
2. Actually uttering such false or mutilated coin
knowing the same to be false or mutilated
Forging Treasury or Bank Notes or Other
Documents payable to bearer; Importing and
Uttering such false or forged notes and documents
Forging is committed by giving a treasury or bank note
or any instrument payable to bearer or to order the
appearance of a true and genuine document
Falsification of Legislative Documents
1. There be a bill, resolution or ordinance enacted or
approved or pending approval by either House or
legislature or any provincial board or municipal council
2. Offender alters the same
3. He has no proper authority
4. Alteration has changed the meaning of the document
Falsification by Public Officer, Employee or Notary
or Ecclesiastical Minister
1. Offender is a public officer, employee or notary
public
2. He takes advantage of his official position
a. He has the duty to make or prepare or to otherwise
intervene in the preparation of the document
b. He has the official custody of the document which
he falsifies
3. He falsifies a document by committing any of the
following acts:
a. counterfeiting or imitating any handwriting,
signature or rubric
b. causing it to appear that persons have participated in
any act or proceeding when they did not in fact so
participate
c. attributing to persons who have participated in an act
or proceeding statements other than those in fact made
by them
d. making untruthful statements in a narration of facts
e. altering true dates
f. making any alteration in a genuine document which
changes its meaning
g. issuing in authenticated form a document purporting
to be a copy of an original document when no such
original exists
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Falsification by Private Individuals and Use of
Falsified Documents
Falsification of public, official or commercial
document by a private individual
1. Offender is a private individual or public officer or
employee who did not take advantage of his official
position
2. He committed any act of falsification
3. Falsification is committed in a public, official or
commercial document
Falsification of private document by any person
1. Offender commits any acts of falsification
2. Falsification was committed in any private document
3. Falsification caused damage to a third party
Use of Falsified Document
1. Introducing in a judicial proceeding or in any other
transaction
2. Offender knew that the document was falsified by
another person
Falsification of Wireless Telegraph and Telephone
Messages
1. Uttering fictitious wireless, telegraph or telephone
message
2. Falsifying wireless, telegraph or telephone message
False Medical Certificates, False Certificates of
Merit or Service
1. Issuance of false certificate by a physician or surgeon
in connection with the practice of his profession
2. Issuance of a false certificate or merit or service,
good conduct or similar circumstances by a public
officer
3. Falsification by a private person of any certificate
mentioned
Using False Certificates
1. A physician or surgeon had issued a false medical
certificate or public officer issued a false certificate of
merit or service, good conduct or similar circumstance
or a private person had falsified any of said certificates
2. Offender knew that the certificate was false
3. He used the same
Manufacturing and Possession of Instruments for
Falsification
1. Making or introducing into the Philippines any
stamps, dies, marks or other instruments or implements
for counterfeiting or falsification
2. Possessing with intent to use the instrument or
implements for counterfeiting or falsification made in
or introduced into the Philippines by another person
Usurpation of Authority or Official Functions
1. Usurpation of Authority- by knowingly and falsely
representing oneself to be an officer, agent or
representative of any department or agency of
Philippine Government or any foreign government
2. Usurpation of Official Functions- by performing any
act pertaining to any person in authority or public
officer of the Philippine Government or of a foreign
government or any agency thereof under pretense of
official position and without being lawfully entitled to
do so
Using Fictitious Name and Concealing True Name
Using Fictitious Name
1. Offender uses a name other than his real name
2. He uses the fictitious name publicly
3. Purpose of use is to conceal a crime, to evade the
execution of judgment or to cause damage to public
interest
Concealing True Name
1. Offender conceals his true name and other personal
circumstances
2. Purpose is only to conceal identity
Illegal Use of Uniform or Insignia
1. Offender makes use of insignia, uniform or dress
2. The insignia, uniform or dress pertains to an office
not held by the offender or to a class of persons of
which he is not a member
3. Said insignia, uniform or dress is used publicly and
improperly
False Testimony
Offender who being under oath and required to testify
as to the truth of a certain matter at a hearing before a
competent authority shall deny the truth or say
something contrary to it
Forms of False Testimony
False testimony against a defendant (criminal)
False testimony favorable to the defendant (criminal)
False testimony in civil cases
False Testimony in other Cases and Perjury in
Solemn Affirmation
1. Offender made a statement under oath or executed
an affidavit upon a material matter
2. Statement or affidavit was made before a competent
officer, authorized to receive and administer oath
3. In that statement or affidavit, offender made a willful
and deliberate assertion of falsehood
4. Sworn statement or affidavit containing the falsity is
required by law
Offering False Testimony in Evidence
1. Offender offered in evidence a false witness or false testimony
2. He knew the witness or testimony was false
3. Offer was made in a judicial or official proceeding
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Crimes against Public Morals
Grave Scandal
1. Offender performs act (s)
2. Such act (s) be highly scandalous as offending
against decency or good customs
3. Highly scandalous conduct is not expressly falling
within any other article of the Revised Penal Code
4. Act or acts complained of be committed in a public
place or within the public knowledge or view
Immoral Doctrines, Obscene Publications and
Exhibitions and Indecent Shows
Persons liable
1. Those who shall publicly expound or proclaim
doctrines openly contrary to public morals
2. Authors of obscene literature, editors and
owners/operators of establishment selling the same
3. Those who in theaters, fairs, cinematographs or any
other place, exhibit indecent or immoral plays or
scenes, acts or shows
4. Those who shall sell, give away, exhibit films, prints,
engravings, sculptures or literatures which are
offensive to morals
Vagrancy and Prostitutes
(RA 10158 decriminalized vagrancy)
Prostitutes
-they are women who for money or profit habitually
indulge in sexual intercourse or lascivious conduct
Crimes committed by Public Officers
Who are public officer?
1. Taking part in the performance of public functions in
the Government or performing in said government or
in any of its branches public duties as an employee,
agent or subordinate official of any rank or class
2. His authority to take part in the performance of
public duties must be
a. By direct provision of the law
b. By popular election
c. By appointment by competent authority
Knowingly rendering Unjust Judgment
1. Offender is a judge
2. He renders judgment
3. Judgment is unjust
4. Judge knows that his judgment is unjust
Judgment rendered through Negligence
1. Offender is a judge
2. He renders judgment
3. Judgment is manifestly unjust
4. It is due to inexcusable negligence or ignorance
Unjust Interlocutory Order
1. Offender is a judge
2. He performs any of the following acts:
a. knowingly renders unjust interlocutory orders
b. renders a manifestly unjust interlocutory order or
decree through inexcusable negligence or ignorance
Malicious Delay in the Administration of Justice
1. Offender is a judge
2. There is a proceeding in his court
3. He delays the administration of justice
4. The delay is malicious, that is, the delay is caused by
the judge with deliberate intent to inflict damage on
either party in the case
Prosecution of Offenses
1. Offender is a public officer or officer of the law who
has a duty to cause the prosecution or to prosecute
offenses
2. There is dereliction of the duties of his office-
knowing the commission of the crime, he does not
cause the prosecution of the criminal or knowing that a
crime is about to be committed, he tolerates its
commission
Betrayal of Trust by an Attorney or Solicitor-Betrayal of Secrets
1. Causing damage to his client
a. by malicious breach of professional duty
b. by inexcusable negligence or ignorance
2. revealing any secrets of his client learned by him in
his professional capacity
3. undertaking the defense of the opposing party in the
same age without consent of his first client
Direct Bribery
Bribery is committed when a public officer receives a
gift, present, offer or promise by reason or in
connection with the performance of his official duties
Punishable acts:
1. Agreeing to perform or performing an act pertaining
to the duties of office which constitutes a crime
2. accepting a gift in consideration of the execution of
an act which does not constitute a crime but which must
be unjust
3. abstaining from the performance of official duties
Indirect Bribery
1. Offender is a public officer
2. He accepts gifts
3. Said gifts are offered to him by reason of his office
Corruption of Public Officers
1. Offender makes offers or promise
2. Offers or promises are made or the gifts or presents are
given to a public officer under circumstances that will make
the public officer liable for direct bribery or indirect bribery
Frauds and Illegal Exactions and Transactions
Frauds against Public Treasury
1. Offender is a public officer
2. He should have taken advantage of his office that is
he intervened in the transaction in his official capacity
Illegal Exaction
1. Offender is a collecting officer
2. He is entrusted with the collection of taxes, licenses, fees
and other imposts
3. He collected an amount different from that required by
law or he failed to voluntarily issue receipt
9
Other Frauds
1. Offender is a public officer
2. He takes advantage of his official position
3. He commits any of the frauds or deceits
Prohibited Transactions
1. Offender is an appointive public officer
2. He becomes interested, directly or indirectly in any
transaction of exchange or speculation
3. Transaction takes place within the territory subject
to his jurisdiction
4. He becomes interested in the transaction during his
incumbency
Malversation by Appropriating , Misappropriating
or Permitting any Other Person to take Public
Funds or Property
1. Appropriating public funds or property
2. Taking or misappropriating the same
3. Consenting or through abandonment or negligence
permitting any other person to take such public funds
or property
4. Being otherwise guilty of the misappropriation or
malversation of such funds or property
Failure of Accountable Officer to Render Accounts
1. Offender is a public officer, whether in service or
separated therefrom
2. He must be an accountable officer for public funds
or property
3. He is required by law or regulation to render
accounts to the Commission on Audit or to a Provincial
Auditor
4. He fails to do so for a period of two months after
such accounts should be rendered
Failure of a Responsible Public Officer to Render
Accounts Before Leaving the Country
1. Offender is a public officer
2. He must be an accountable officer for public funds
or property
3. He must have unlawfully left or be on point of
leaving the Philippines without securing from the
Commission on Audit a certificate showing that his
accounts have been finally settled
Illegal Use of Public Funds or Property (Technical
Malversation)
1. Offender is a public officer
2. There is public fund or property under his
administration
3. Such public fund or property has been appropriated
by law or ordinance
4. He applies the same to a public use other than that
for which such fund or property has been appropriated
by law or ordinance
Failure to Make Delivery of Public Funds or Property
1. Offender is a public officer who has government
funds in his possession
2. He is under obligation to make payments from such
funds
3. He fails to make payment maliciously
Infidelity of Public Officers
Conniving with or Consenting to Evasion
1. Offender is a public officer
2. He has in his custody or charge a prisoner either
detention prisoner or prisoner by final judgment
3. Such prisoner escaped from his custody
4. That he was in connivance with the prisoner in the
latter’s escape
Evasion through Negligence
1. Offender is public officer
2. He is charged with the conveyance or custody of a
prisoner , either detention prisoner or prisoner by final
judgment
3. Such prisoner escapes through his negligence
Escape of Prisoner under the custody of a person
not a public officer
1. Offender is a private person
2. Conveyance or custody of prisoner or person under
arrest is confided to him
3. Prisoner or person under arrest escapes
4. Offender consents to the escape of the prisoner or
person under arrest or that the escape takes place
through his negligence
Removal, Concealment or Destruction of Document
1. Offender is a public officer
2. He abstracts, destroys or conceals documents or
papers
3. Said documents or papers should have been entrusted
to such public officer by reason of his office
4. Damage, whether serious or not, to a third party or to
the public interest should have been caused
Officer Breaking Seal
1. Offender is a public officer
2. He is in charged with the custody of papers or
property
3. These papers or property are sealed by proper
authority
4. He breaks the seals or permits them to be broken
Opening Closed Documents
1. Offender is a public officer
2. Any closed papers, documents, or objects are
entrusted to his custody
3. He opens or permits to be opened said closed papers,
documents or objects
4. He does not have proper authority
Revelation of Secrets by an Officer
a. Revealing any secrets known to the public officer by
reason of his official capacity
1. Offender is a public officer
2. He knows of a secret by reason of his official
capacity
3. He reveals such secret without authority or justifiable
reasons
4. Damage is caused to public interest
10
b. Wrongfully delivering papers or copies of papers of
which he may have charge and which should not be
punished
1. Offender is a public officer
2. He has charge of papers
3. Those papers should not be published
4. He delivers those papers or copies thereof to third
person
5. The delivery is wrongful
6. Damage is caused to public interest
Disobedience to the Order of a Superior Officer,
when said order was suspended by inferior officer
1. Offender is a public officer
2. An order is issued by his superior for execution
3. He has for any reason suspended the execution of
such order
4. His superior disapproves the suspension of the
execution of order
5. Offender disobeys his superior despite the
disapproval of the suspension
Refusal of Assistance
1. Offender is a public officer
2. Competent authority demands from the offender that
he lends his cooperation towards the administration of
justice or other public service
3. Offender fails to do so maliciously
Refusal to Discharge Elective Office
1. Offender is elected by popular election to a public
office
2. He refuses to be sworn in or to discharge the duties
of said office
3. There is no legal motive for such refusal to be sworn
in or to discharge the duties of said office
Maltreatment of Prisoners
1. Offender is a public officer or employee
2. He has under his charge a prisoner or detention
prisoner
3. He maltreats such prisoner
Anticipation of Duties of Public Office
1. Offender is entitled to hold a public office or
employment either by election or appointment
2. The law requires that he should first be sworn in
and/or should give a bond
3. He assumes the performance of duties and powers of
such office
4. He has not taken his oath of office or given bond
required by law
Prolonging Performance of Duties and Powers
1. Offender is holding a public office
2. Period allowed by law for him to exercise such
function and duties has already expired
3. Offender continues to exercise such functions and
duties
Abandonment of Office or Position
1. Offender is holding a public office
2. He formally resigns from his office
3. His resignation has not yet been accepted
4. He abandons his office to the detriment of the public
service
Usurpation of Legislative Powers
1. Offender is an executive or judicial officer
2. a. He makes general rules and regulations beyond the
scope of his authority
b. attempts to repeal a law
c. suspend the execution thereof
Usurpation of Executive Functions
1. Offender is a judge
2. Offender:
a. assumes the power exclusively vested to executive
authorities of the government
b. obstructs executive authorities from the lawful
performance of their functions
Usurpation of Judicial Functions
1. Offender is holding an office under the Executive
Branch of the Government
2. Offender:
a. assumes power exclusively vested to the Judiciary
b. obstructs the execution of any order or decision
given by a judge within his jurisdiction
Crimes against Persons
Parricide
1. A person is killed
2. Deceased is killed by the accused
3. Deceased is the:
a. legitimate/illegitimate father
b. legitimate/illegitimate mother
c. legitimate/illegitimate child
d. other legitimate ascendant
e. other legitimate descendant
f. legitimate spouse
Death or Physical Injuries Inflicted Under
Exceptional Circumstances
1. A legally married person or a parent surprises his
spouse or daughter (under 18 and living with him) in
the act of committing sexual intercourse
2. He or she kills any or both of them or inflicts upon
any or both of them any serious physical injury in the
act or immediately thereafter
3. He has not promoted or facilitated the prostitution of
his wife or daughter or that he or she has not consented
to the infidelity of the other spouse
Murder
1. A person was killed
2. Accused killed him
3. Killing was attended by any of the following
circumstances:
a. with treachery, taking advantage of superior strength,
with the aid of armed men or employing means to
weaken the defense
11
b. in consideration of a price, reward or promise
c. by means of inundation, fire, poison, explosion,
shipwreck, stranding on a vessel, derailment or assault
upon railroad, by motor vehicles or with use of any
other means involving great waste and ruin
d. on occasion of any of the calamities
(earthquake, eruption of volcano, epidemic or other
public calamity)
e. with evident premeditation
f. with cruelty, by deliberately and inhumanly
augmenting the suffering of the victim or outraging or
scoffing at his person or corpse
Homicide
1. A person is killed
2. Accused killed him without any justifying circumstance
3. Accused had intention to kill (presumed)
4. Killing was not attended by any of the qualifying
circumstances of murder, or by that of parricide or
infanticide
Death Caused in a Tumultuous Affray
1. There be several or at least 4 persons
2. They did not compose groups organized for the
common purpose of assaulting and attacking each other
reciprocally
3. These several persons quarrelled and assaulted one
another in a confused and tumultuous manner
4. Someone was killed in the course of affray
5. It cannot be ascertained who actually killed the
deceased
6. Person or persons who inflicted serious physical
injuries or who used violence can be identified
Physical Injuries Inflicted in Tumultuous Affray
1. There is tumultuous affray
2. A participant or some participants suffer serious
physical injuries or physical injuries of a less serious
only
3. Person responsible cannot be identified
4. All those who appear to have used violence upon the
person of the offended party are known
Giving Assistance to Suicide
1. Assisting another to commit suicide, whether the
suicide is consummated or not
2. Lending assistance to another to commit suicide to
the extent of doing the killing himself
Discharge of Firearm
1. Offender discharges a firearm against another person
2. Offender has no intention to kill the person
Infanticide
1. A child was killed
2. Deceased child was less than 3 days old or less than
72 hours of age
3. Accused killed the said child
Intentional Abortion
1. There is a pregnant woman
2. Violence is exerted or drugs or beverages
administered or that the accused otherwise acts upon
such pregnant woman
3. As a result of the use of violence or drugs or
beverages upon her, or any other act of the accused, the
fetus dies either in the womb or after having been
expelled therefrom
4. Abortion is intended
Unintentional Abortion
1. There is a pregnant woman
2. Violence is used upon such pregnant woman without
intending an abortion
3. Violence is intentionally exerted
4. As a result of the violence exerted, the fetus dies
either in the womb or after having been expelled
therefrom
Abortion Practiced by the Woman Herself or by her
Parents
1. There is a pregnant woman who has suffered abortion
2. Abortion is intended
3. Abortion is caused by:
a. pregnant woman herself
b. any other person, with her consent
c. any of her parents, with her consent for the purpose
of concealing her dishonor
Abortion Practiced by Physician or Midwife and
Dispensing of Abortives
1. There is a pregnant woman who has suffered
abortion
2. Abortion is intended
3. Offender must be a physician or midwife who causes
or assists in causing the abortion
4. Said physician or midwife takes advantage of his or
her scientific knowledge or skill
Physical Injuries
Mutilation
1. intentionally mutilating another by depriving him,
either totally or partially some essential organ for
reproduction
2. intentionally making other mutilation, by lopping or
clipping off of any part of the body of the offended
party other than the essential organ for reproduction to
deprive him of that part of his body
Serious Physical Injuries
How Committed
1. Wounding
2. Beating
3. Assaulting
4. Administering Injurious Substance
Instances considered as Serious Physical Injuries
1. When the injured person becomes insane, imbecile,
impotent or blind in consequence of the physical
injuries inflicted
12
2. When the injured person:
a. loses the use of speech or the power to hear or smell,
loses an eye, a hand, a foot, an arm or a leg
b. loses the use of any such member
c. becomes incapacitated for the work in which he was
therefore habitually engaged in consequence of the
physically injuries inflicted
3. When the injured:
a. becomes deformed
b. loses any other member of his body
c. loses the use thereof
d. becomes ill or incapacitated for the performance of
the work in which he was habitually engaged for more
than 90 days in consequence of the physical injuries
inflicted
4. When the injured person becomes ill or incapacitated
for labor form more than 30 days (but must not be more
than 90 days) as a result of the physical injuries
inflicted
Less Serious Physical Injuries
Offended party is incapacitated for labor for 10 days or
more but not more than 30 days or shall require medical
attendance for the same period of time
Slight Physical Injuries
1. Physical injuries which incapacitated the offended
party for labor from 1 to 9 days or required medical
attendance during the same period
2. Physical injuries which did not prevent the offended
party from engaging in his habitual work or which did
not require medical attendance
3. Ill-treatment of another by deed without causing any
injury
Rape
a. Rape by a man who shall have carnal knowledge of
a woman
1. Offender is a man
2. Offender had carnal knowledge of the woman
3. Such act is accompanied under any of the following
circumstances:
a. through force, threat or intimidation
b. when the offended party is deprived of reason or is
otherwise unconscious
c. By means of fraudulent machination or grave abuse
of authority
d. When the offended party is under 12 years of age or
is demented even though none of the above
circumstances mentioned above be present
b. Rape by Sexual Assault
1. Offender commits an act of sexual assault
2.The act of sexual assault is committed by any of the
following means:
a. By inserting his penis into another person’s mouth or
anal orifice
b. By inserting any instrument or object into genital or
anal orifice of another person
3. The act of sexual assault is accomplished under any
of the following circumstances:
a. By using force or intimidation
b. When the woman is deprived of reason or otherwise
unconscious or
c. By means of fraudulent machination or grave abuse
of authority
d. When the woman is under 12 years of age or
demented
Statutory Rape
1. Offender had carnal knowledge of the victim
2. Victim is below 12 years old
Rape Shield Rule- character of a woman is immaterial
in rape
Crimes against Personal Liberty and Security
Kidnapping and Serious Illegal Detention
1. Offender is a private individual
2. He kidnaps or detains another or in any other manner
deprives the latter of his liberty
3. Act of detention or kidnapping must be illegal
4. In the commission of the offense, any of the
following circumstances is present:
a. Kidnapping or detention lasts for more than 3 days
b. It is committed simulating public authority
c. Any serious physical injuries are inflicted upon the person
kidnapped or detained or threats to kill him are made
d. The person kidnapped or detained is a minor, female
or a public officer
Slight Illegal Detention
1. Offender is a private individual
2. He kidnaps or detains another or in any other manner
deprives him of his liberty
3. Act of kidnapping or detention is illegal
4. Crime committed without circumstances of Serious
Illegal Detention
Unlawful Arrest
1. Offender arrests or detains another person
2. Purpose of the offender is to deliver him to the proper
authorities
3. Arrest or detention is not authorized by law or there
is no reasonable ground thereof
Kidnapping and Failure to Return a Minor
1. Offender is entrusted with the custody of a minor
person
2. He deliberately fails to restore said minor to his
parents or guardians
Inducing a Minor to Abandon His Home
1. A minor is living in the home of his parents or
guardian or the person entrusted with his custody
2. Offender induces said minor to abandon such home
Slavery
1. Offender purchases, sells, kidnaps or detains a
human being
2. Purpose of the offender is to enslave such human
being
13
Exploitation of Child Labor
1. Offender retains a minor in his service
2. It is against the will of the minor
3. It is under the pretext of reimbursing himself of a
debt incurred by an ascendant, guardian or person
entrusted with the custody of such minor
Services Rendered Under Compulsion in Payment
of Debt
1. Offender compels a debtor to work for him either as
household servant or farm labourer
2. It is against the debtor’s will
3. The purpose is to require or enforce the payment of
a debt
Trespass to Dwelling
1. Offender is a private person
2. He enters the dwelling of another
3. Such entrance is against the latter’s will
Other Forms of Trespass to Dwelling
1. Offender enters the closed premises or the fenced
estate of another
2. Entrance is made while either of them is uninhabited
3. Prohibition to enter is manifest
4. Trespasser has not secured the permission of the
owner or the caretaker thereof
Grave Threats
1. Threatening another with the infliction upon his
person, honor or property or that of his family of any
wrong amounting to a crime and demanding money or
imposing any other condition even though not unlawful
and the offender attained his purpose
2. By making such threat without the offender attaining
his purpose
Light Threats
1. Offender makes a threat to commit a wrong
2. Wrong does not constitute a crime
3. There is demand for money or that other condition is
imposed even though lawful
4. Offender has attained or has not attained his purpose
Grave Coercion
1. A person prevented another from doing something
not prohibited by law or that he compelled him to do
something against his will, be it right or wrong
2. Prevention or compulsion be effected by violence,
threats or intimidation
3. Person that restrained the will and liberty of another
has no authority of law or the right to do so
Light Coercion
1. Offender must be a creditor
2. He seizes anything belonging to his debtor
3. Seizure of the thing be accomplished by means of
violence or a display of material force producing
intimidation
4. Purpose of the offender is to apply the same to the
payment of debt
Crimes against Property
Robbery
1. There is personal property belonging to another
2. There is unlawful taking of that property
3. Taking must be with intent to gain
4. There is violence or intimidation of any person or
force upon things
Execution of Deeds by Means of Violence or
Intimidation
1. Offender has intent to defraud another
2. Offender compels him to sign, execute or deliver any
public instrument or document
3. Compulsion is by means of violence or intimidation
Brigandage
1. There be at least 4 armed malefactors
2. They formed band of robbers
3. Purpose is any of the following:
a. to commit robbery in highway
b. to kidnap persons for the purpose of extortion or to
obtain ransom
c. to attain by means of force and violence
Theft
1. There is personal property
2. Property taken belongs to another
3. Taking was done with intent to gain
4. Taking was done without the consent of the owner
Qualified Theft
1. If theft is committed by a domestic servant
2. If theft is committed with grave abuse of confidence
3. If the property stolen is a motor vehicle, mail matter
or large cattle
4. If the property stolen consist coconuts taken from the
premises of a plantation
5. If the property stolen is fish taken from fishpond or
fishery
6. If property is taken on occasion of fire, earthquake,
typhoon, volcanic eruption or any other calamity,
vehicular accident or civil disturbance
Occupation of Real Property or Usurpation of Real
Rights in Property
1. Offender takes possession of any real property or
usurps any real rights in property
2. Real property or rights belongs to another
3. Violence against or intimidation of persons is used
by the offender in occupying real property
4. There is intent to gain
Altering Boundaries or Landmarks
1. There are boundary marks or monuments of towns,
provinces or estates or any other marks intended to
designate the boundaries of the same
14
2. Offender alters said boundary marks
Estafa (Swindling)
1. Accused defrauded another by abuse of confidence
or by means of deceit
a. with unfaithfulness or abuse of confidence
b. by means of false pretenses or fraudulent avts
c. through fraudulent means
2. Damage or prejudice capable of pecuniary
estimation is caused to the offended party or third
person
Malicious Mischief
1. Offender deliberately caused damage to the property
of another
2. Such act does not constitute arson or other crimes
involving destruction
3. Act of damaging another’s property be committed
merely for the sake of damaging it
Crimes against Chastity
Adultery
1. To convict a woman for adultery
a. She is a married woman
b. That she unites in sexual intercourse with a man not
her husband
2. To convict a man for adultery
a. He had actual intercourse with a married woman
b. That he commits the act with the knowledge that said
woman is married
Concubinage
1. Man must be married
2. He committed any of the following acts:
a. Keeping a mistress in the conjugal dwelling
b. Having sexual intercourse under scandalous
circumstances with a woman who is not his wife
c. cohabiting with her in any other place
3. As regards the woman, she must know him to be
married
Acts of Lasciviousness
1. Offender commits any acts of lasciviousness or
lewdness
2. Acts of lasciviousness is committed against a person
of either sex
Qualified Seduction
1. Offended party is a virgin which is presumed if she
is unmarried and of good reputation
2. She is over 12 and under 18 years of age
3. Offender has sexual intercourse with her
4. There is abuse of authority, confidence or
relationship on the part of the offender
Simple Seduction
1. Offended party is over 12 but under 18 years of age
2. She must be of good reputation, single or widow
3. Offender has sexual intercourse with her
4. It is committed by means of deceit
Forcible Abduction
1. Person abducted is any woman, regardless of her age,
civil status or reputation
2. Abduction is against her will
3. Abduction is with lewd designs
Consented Abduction
1. Offended party must be a virgin
2. She must be over 12 and under 18 years of age
3. Taking away of the offended party must be with her
consent after solicitation or cajolery from the offender
4. Taking away of the offended party must be with lewd
designs
Crimes against Civil Status
Simulation of Births
-takes place when the woman pretends to be pregnant
when in fact she is not and on the day of the supposed
delivery, takes the child of another as her own
Substitution of One Child for Another
-placing a live child of a woman in place of a dead one
of another woman
Concealing or Abandoning any legitimate child with
intent to cause such child to lose its civil status
1. Child must be legitimate
2. Offender conceals or abandons such child
3. Offender has the intent to cause the child to lose its civil status
Bigamy
1. Offender has been legally married
2. That the marriage has not been legally dissolved
3. That he contracts second or subsequent marriage
Performance of Illegal Marriage Ceremony
-punishes priests or ministers of any religious
denomination or sect or civil authorities who shall
perform or authorize any illegal marriage ceremony
Crimes against Honor
Libel
1. There must be an imputation of crime or of a vice,
defect, real or imaginary or any act, omission,
condition, status or circumstance
2. Imputation must be made publicly
3. It must be malicious
4. It must be directed at a natural or juridical person or
one who is dead
Libel maybe committed by:
1. Writing 5. Radio 9. Cinematographic
2. Printing 6. Phonograph exhibition
3. Lithography 7. Painting 10. Any similar means
4. Engraving 8. Theatrical exhibition
Slander (Oral Defamation)
-libel committed by oral means
15
Slander by Deed
-committed by performing any act which casts
dishonour, discredit or contempt upon another
person
Incriminating Innocent Person
1. Offender performs an act
2. By such act he directly incriminates or imputes to
an innocent person the commission of a crime
Criminal Negligence
Imprudence- deficiency of action
Negligence- deficiency of perception
SPECIAL LAWS
RA 9165 (Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act
of 2002)
Sec 5- Sale, Trading, Administration, Dispensation,
Delivery, Distribution and Transportation of
Dangerous Drugs
Sec 6- Maintenance of a Den, Dive or Resort
Sec 11- Possession of Dangerous Drugs
Sec 15- Use of Dangerous Drugs
PD 1602- Anti Gambling Act
-spectators are not liable;
-possession of any gambling paraphernalia and other
materials used in the illegal numbers game operation
shall be deemed prima facie evidence of gambling
RA 7080- Anti Plunder Act
Plunder- crime committed by a public officer by
himself or in connivance with members if his family,
relatives by affinity or consanguinity, business
associates, subordinates or other persons amassing,
accumulating or acquiring ill-gotten wealth through
a combination or series of overt acts in the aggregate
amount or total value of at least 50 million
RA 9262- Anti Violence Against Women and their
Children Act of 2004
Acts included in the term violence
a. Physical violence-acts that include bodily or
physical harm
b. Sexual violence- act which is sexual in nature,
committed against the woman or her child
c. Psychological violence- acts or omissions causing
or likely to cause mental or emotional suffering to the
victim
d. Economic abuse- acts that make or attempt to
make a woman financially dependent
RA 7610 (Special Protection of Children against
Child Abuse, Exploitation and Discrimination
Act)
Children refer to persons below 18 of age or those
over but are unable to fully take care of themselves
or protect themselves from abuse, neglect, cruelty,
exploitation or discrimination because of a physical
or mental disability or condition
Child abuse refers to maltreatment whether habitual
or not of the child
PD 1612 (Anti Fencing Law)
Fencing is the act of any person who, with intent to
gain for himself or for another shall buy, receive,
possess, keep, acquire, conceal, sell or dispose of, or
shall buy and sell or in any other manner deal in any
article, item, object or anything of value which he
knows or should be known to him, to have been
derived from the proceeds of the crime of robbery
and theft
B.P. 22 (Bouncing Checks Law)
Bouncing check- a check is considered a bouncing
check when upon its presentment for payment, it is
dishonoured for insufficiency of funds or when the
account of the drawer is already closed
RA 6539 (Anti-Carnapping Act of 1972)
Carnapping is the taking, with intent to gain, of a
motor vehicle belonging to another without the
latter’s consent or by means of violence against or
intimidation of person or by using force upon things
PD 1613 (Anti Arson Law)
Punishable acts
1. Burning or setting fire to the property of another
2. Setting fire to his own property under
circumstances which expose to danger the life or
property of another
RA 9995 (Anti-Photo and Video Voyeurism Act of
2009)
Punishable Acts
1. To take photo or video coverage of a person or
group of persons performing sexual act or any similar
activity or to capture an image of the private area of
a person without the consent of the person involved
2. To copy or reproduced such video or photo
3. To sell or distribute such photo or video whether
it be in original copy or reproduction thereof
4. To publish or broadcast whether in print or
broadcast media.
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