Ecological Levels of Organization

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1)Organism or individual
 1)Organism or individual

It is the lowest level of organization which makes it the basic

unit of study in ecology. It involves both unicellular (single cell)
organisms, examples of which are bacteria, yeast, algae, and
multicellular organisms, like human beings, plants, and animals.
These organism has the characteristics or properties to survive.
A living organism can perform the functions in life
independently, however parts of organism cannot exist without
the other. They have a definite life cycle (birth, hatching, maturity,
adolescence, aging and death). Likewise, they have the capacity
and ability to adapt to its environment.
 Population

Shrubs are expected to increase in the range of

caribou under most climate change scenarios. This
could benefit them in summer by increasing forage,
but caribou often avoid dense brush because of
predators and low lichen abundance.
NPS photograph by K. Joly
https://www.nps.gov/articles/aps-v10-i1-c7.htm
2) Population
--- Group of individuals of the same species living within
the same area, capable of interbreeding with individuals in the
same land area, and may have to compete with each other for
resources to survive.

Population growth rate may increase or decrease because of

biotic and abiotic factors. Population density is the relation
between the number of individuals of a population and the area
they occupy.
C o m m u ni t y
3) Community
--- is a collection of diverse species which interconnect
with another species and occupy a regular habitat or
surroundings.

--- the variety of species found in the area varies and need
to interact with other species for survival.
Ecological relationships

• Symbiosis – a relationship where at least one species

benefits.

• Mutualism – symbiotic relationship where both

species benefit

• Commensalism – symbiotic relationship where one

species benefits and the other species is neither
benefitted nor harmed
ECOSYSTEM
4) Ecosystem

--- the term was conceived by Sir Arthur Tansley in 1935.

--- composed of a living (biotic) community interacting with

their physical (abiotic) environment and varies from a community
because of such like water, air, climate, and geographic features.
 Biosphere

https://www.biodiversidad.gob.mx/v_ingles/planet/whatis_bios.html
5) Biosphere
--- come from Greek bios = life, sphaira, sphere)

--- the term ‘Biosphere’ was given by geologist Edward Suezz

in 1875

--- the highest level of organization, where life exist

--- known as zone of life on earth since it is the ecological

system in which the living and non-living organisms as
well as those that supports life are present

--- comprise of the atmosphere(air), hydrosphere (water),

and lithosphere (land)
ECOLOGICAL LEVELS OF
ORGANIZATION
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Five of the world's biggest
environmental problems
 1. Air pollution and climate change.

“Ulan Bator is not only one of the

coldest capitals on earth, it's also a
city with massive air pollution.
During the winter months, yurts
like Tsegi’s are heated with coal
and wood which contributes up to
70 percent of the smog in the city.
Air pollution in Ulan Bator is
seven times higher than what is
considered safe by the WHO”.
(DW 2020)
air quality standard for smog pollution
THE BIG SMOG: CITIES PLAGUED BY AIR POLLUTION from 75 parts per billion (ppb) to 70 ppb.
Ulan Bator, Mongolia

https://www.dw.com/en/five-of-the-worlds-biggest-environmental-problemshttps://www.dw.com/en/five-of-the-worlds-biggest-environmental-
problems/a-35915705/a-35915705
 2. Deforestation.
Scorched earth
“ In 2013, clearing practices were
intensified again in Brazil’s
rainforest. At the World Climate
Summit in Warsaw, Brazil’s
environment minister Izabella
Teixeira admitted that by
November this year, some 5,843
square kilometers of forest had
been cut down. 2012 saw a loss of
4,571 square kilometers. In 2004,
some 27,000 square kilometers
went up in flames – a global
negative record”.
Burning down the Amazon
https://www.dw.com/en/five-of-the-worlds-biggest-environmental-problems/a-35915705
(DW 2020)
 3. Species extinction.
American black bear

“The American black bear is one

of more than 22,000 species
threatened with extinction.
During the past century, animals
have been disappearing about 100
times faster than they used to,
scientists from different American
universities warned in a new
study. According to the WWF,
around 70 species go extinct”.
(DW 2020)
every day.
American black bear
https://www.dw.com/en/five-of-the-worlds-biggest-environmental-problems/a-35915705
 4. Soil degradation.

Ongoing desertification

“Depletion of the soil through

deforestation, over-fertilization
and overgrazing can turn land
into desert. Climatic factors like
drought become a catalyst in a
chain reaction - that is set in
motion by human activity”.
(DW 2020)

When the earth turns to dust

https://www.dw.com/en/five-of-the-worlds-biggest-environmental-problems/a-35915705
 About Where do you live?

“About 64 percent of the

world's population were rural
dwellers in 1970. That's
changed drastically. In 2016,
the proportion had dropped
to 45 percent. (Source:
WorldBank)”.
(DW 2020)
64 percent of
Remember when we used just one earth?
https://www.dw.com/en/five-of-the-worlds-biggest-environmental-problems/a-35915705
 5. Overpopulation.

Many more of us
“In 1970, 3.7 billion people lived on the
planet. Our numbers today exceed 7.5
billion. China and India top the global
population list, with 1.4 billion and
1.33 billion inhabitants respectively.
(Source: Statista, Deutsche Stiftung
Weltbevölkerung)”
(DW 2020)

Remember when we used just one earth?

https://www.dw.com/en/five-of-the-worlds-biggest-environmental-problems/a-35915705
Global Population Graph 1950-2100

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Global_Population_Graph_1950-2100.png
https://philippineslifestyle.com/poor-families-falls-900000-survey/
Global Environmental Conditions
 Global Environmental Conditions

Present conditions
--- 42 percent of land-based invertebrates, 34 percent of
freshwater invertebrates, and 25 percent of marine invertebrates are
at risk for extinction

--- the population is on track to reach nearly 10 billion by 2050

--- almost all coastal cities of any size are vulnerable to sea-level
rise and flooding caused by extreme weather events
Present conditions
--- Forty percent of wetlands have been lost to agriculture
and urban development since 1970.

--- Earth itself, 10 out of 14 land habitats have seen a

decrease in vegetation productivity.

--- Degraded “hot spots,” (biologically rich—yet

threatened—terrestrial regions) no longer able to easily grow
crops, now account for 29 percent of all land areas.
THANK YOU!
REFERENCES:
Cunningham , W.P., Cunningham, M.A. (2007). Principles of Environmental Science: Inquiry and Applications, 4 th
edition, Mc Graw-Hill Education

https://prezi.com/93jdz98j0bgn/the-different-branches-of-environmental-science/

http://www.ecologyessays.com/ecosystem/ecological-organization/levels-of-ecological-organization-ecology/13770

https://sciencestruck.com/levels-of-organization-in-ecology

https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/biome/

https://www.biodiversidad.gob.mx/v_ingles/planet/whatis_bios.html

/https://www.dw.com/en/five-of-the-worlds-biggest-environmental-problems/a-35915705

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