ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 41.3-2022 (Supersedes ANSVASHRAE Standard 41.3-2014) Standard Methods for Pressure Measurements ‘Approved by ASHRAE and the American National Standards Institute on January 2, 2022. ASHRAE® Standards are scheduled to be updated on a five-year cycle; the date following the Standard number is the year of ASHRAE approval. The latest edition of an ASHRAE Standard may be purchased on the ASHRAE website (wwwaashrae.org) or from ASHRAE Customer Service, 180 Technology Parkway NW, Peachtree Corners, GA 30092. E- mail: orders@ashrae.org. Fax: 678-539-2129. Telephone: 404-636-8400 (worldwide) or toll free 1-800-527-4723 (for crders in US and Canada). For reprint permission, go to www.ashrae.org/permissions. © 2022 ASHRAE ISSN! 1041-2336ASHRAE Standing Standard Project Committee 41 Cognizant TC: 1.2, Instruments and Measurements SPLS Liaison: Gwelen Paliaga Michel E, Shows*t, Chir Jude Jackson Michael Perewozchkov*t Margaret M. Mathison*t, Wee-Chair Mark A Kedlerskit Patrick Filey Michael S. Creamer*, Secretary Brandon Keley*t Alexander Schmig Eric, Anderson" (Orkan Kurtis" John P. Scot B. Terry Beck* David Lee Paul Sher ‘Thomas A, Burcher* (Chris Lesnar*t Passel C Tipton Patrick E. Colins* Alexander D, Leydermant Michae 8. Tookd James L Douglas Hongmei Liang* Stephen LJ Wage ‘Alex Feidyand fares D, Lute Robert C. Walker Joseph SF. Goh Brian McClintock Mchael Wegenka® Richard L. Hall ‘Ada Michaleen*t Jofleey R Wiles Harthad Varma John L Neet*t = Denotes member of voting stetur when the decument was approved fer publication + Denotes members of Subcommitie 41.3 ASHRAE STANDARDS COMMITTEE 2021-2022 Rick M, Heiden, Chir Essar E. Kha Jota M Prosser Susanna S. Hanson, Vice-Chair Malcolm D. Knight David Robin Charles S. Barnaby Jay. Kohler Lawrence J: Schoen Robert B. Burkhead Cesar L Lin Steven C. Si ‘Thomas E. Cappel Paul A Linda, J: (Chvistan R. Taber Deus D. Fk James D. Lure Russell C. Tharp Michsel W. Galegher Jule Maurin Wiliam F. Walter Patrica Grae Laweonce C. Markel Craig. Weay Sriniae Ketipamula Margret M. Mathison [sap Hogaling, BOD EO Gerald. Ketler Gwelen Pabaga Tim. MeGinn, CO Connor Barbaree, Senior Manager of Standards SPECIALNOTE “This American Nasional Standard (ANS) 2 ratoral volinary consensus Standard developed under the auspices of ASHRAE, Consensus deine bythe ‘Aryaricn National Sandarés institute (ANS), f which ASHRAE ca mernber and which has approved tis Standard as an ANS, ag “substantlagreemont reachedby drect and material affected interest cacegories. Tis gre the concurrence of more than ample majority, buc nc necessary uranirty. Consensus requires thal Mews and objections be considered. an that an elfrt be mace toware thei resolu." Compance with this Sancard i ‘volurtary until and unless 3 legal uredtion mee compliance mancatory trough lisbon. ‘ASHRAE obtars corsensus tough parccpaton of Ks rational ard ineracional members, assocated soctees, and public review 'ASHRAE Standares are prepared by 2 Projact Committee apporrted specticaly fr the purpese cf wreing te Standard. The Project Committee Chir and Vice Chair mus: be wenbers of SHAE; wile other committee members may or may rot be ASHRAE members, all must be technical P,, where P, isthe specified operating tolerance limit for pressure, and if Equation 6 is satisted by not less than 95% ofthe sampled pressures. Pn) <20 Pa Gpsia) o To help to illustrat this criterion, the two dashed lines in Figure | are parallel to the trend line and offset by a dimension equal to 2c. In other words, the dashed lines show the 95% scat- ter envelope about the trend line. b. Apply Equation 7 if Pz = 20, where Py, is the specified operating tolerance lr and if Equation 7 is satisfied by not less than it for pressure, of the sampled pressures. Wi-u P, where P; is the specified operating tolerance Limit for pressure dif ference, and if Equation 6 is satisfied by not less than 95% of the sampled pressure differences. |P,-n<20 Pa (psiay 3) To help to illustrate this criterion, the two dashed lines in Figure 2 are parallel to the trend line and offset by a dimension equal to 2c. In other words, the dashed lines show the 95% scat- ter envelope about the trend line a, Apply Equation 14 if P, > 2c, where P, is the specified operating tolerance limit for pressure dif ference, and if Equation 7 is satisfied by not less than 95% of the sampled pressure differences. [P-nlsP_ Pa (psia) aay To help to illustrate this criterion, the two dashed lines in Figure 2 are parallel to the trend line and offset by a dimension equal to 20. In other words, the dashed lines show the 95% scat- ter envelope about the trend line. Unformative Note: For further reading about this method of determining steady-state condi- tions, refer to Informative Appendix A, References A and A2.) 5.6.5 Steady-State Pressure Criteria for Targeted Set Points, Sample not less than 30 pressure ements V at equal time intervals 6 over atest duration AV, where AV is in time units. Equation LS states the relationship of the test duration to the number of samples and the equal time intervals At = (N= Iie as) Unformative Note: Circumstances for measurement vary, so the user should select a duration of test and the equal time intervals based upon the longest period of the observed pressure fluctuations uring operation near the steady-state conditions.) Record each sampled pressure measurement P; and the corresponding time 1, Apply the Teast- squares line method to determine the slope bof the pressure data. trend Tine illustrated in Figure 4 using Equation 16. (NCD, PO P| Ivey! Ace? ey] Unformative Note: It should be noted thatthe units for the slope in Equation 16 are pressure, Pa Ipsia], divided by the units that the user has seleeted for time.) 06) ANSVASHRAE Standard 41.3-2022Upper Operating Tolerance = g e Set Point, Psp 2 Pol 3 e ‘Test Duration, At = | mee area | ‘Sample Spacing, St | NOTE: At= (N-1}ét Lower Operating Tolerance Limit, (Psp — Pd Time, t Figure 4 Graphical illustration of the mathed for determining preseure criteria for targeted cot points. Determine the mean offset 4 of the sampled offset data (P, — 6t,) using Equation 17, and caleu- late the standard deviation using Equation 8 1 BEN bin] Paeesia an Js" e640]? racsia 8) ‘The mean of the sampled pressures P is defined by Equation 19. pel P- Ly eo) Pagsia) 49) tolerance on the fluctuations about the trend line P,~ a + bt, represents a bound on the fluctu- ation level relative to the trend line of the sampled data. Ifthe tolerance of fluctuations about the ‘rend line is not specified in the test plan, it shall be determined from Equations 5-17 and 5-18. A 95% confidence limit bound on the fluctuations sbout the trend line shall then be determined as +26 according to Equation 20, ,(a+b1)|s20—Pa(psia 0) The steadystat condition ofthe set-point pressure Psp exists 4, whece Equation 21 is satisfied by not less than 95% of the sampled pressures where Py is the ‘operating tolerance limit for pressure (PPD EPS (Psp Pi.) Papsia) en b. where ~050P, <(P- Pop) <050P, Pa psia) 2) and where pails 0.502, Pa (psa) 3) Unformative Note: For further reading about this method of determining steady-state condi- tions, refer to Informative Appendix A, References Al and A2.) ANSUASHRAE Standard 41.3-2Upper Operating Tolerance Limit, (Psp + P,) ‘est Duration, At I Humber of Somples,N Sample spacing, ot NOTE: At = (N-1}ét Pressure 0 Time, t Figure § Graphical illustration of the methed for determining prossure difference criteria for tar- geted set points. 6.6 Steady-State Pressure Difference Criteria for Targeted Set Points. Sample not less than 30 pressure difference measurements V at equal time intervals 8 over a test duration Af, where Aris, in time units. Equation 24 states the relationship of the test duration to the number of samples and the equal time intervals, At = (N= 1)80 ay Unformative Note: Circumstances for measurement vary, 80 the user should select a duration of test and the equal time intervals based upon the longest period of the observed pressure difference ‘uctuations curing operation near the steady-state conditions.) Record each sampled pressure difference measurement P; and the corresponding time f;. Apply the least-squares line method to determine the slope b of the pressure difference data trend line illustrated in Figure 5 using Equation 25, Icy IMP CErat Unformative Note: It should be noted that the units for the slope in Equation 25 are pressure difference, Pa [psid], divided by the units that the user has selected for time.) Determine the mean offset jt of the sampled offset data (P, — bt) using Equation 26, and ealeu- late the standard deviation «using Equation 27 es) dig p P: 2¢ w= US" bin) Paipsiay 6) o-[( The mean of the sampled pressure differences P is defined by Equation 28 ae emw) pees en Lig o B= Ly’ 1 Patosia) (28) 10 ANSVASHRAE Standard 41.3-2022tolerance on the fluctuations about the trend line P;= a+ br represents a bound on the fluct ation level relative to the trend line of the sampled data. Ifthe tolerance of fluctuations about the ‘rend line is not specified in the test plan, it shall be determined from Equations $-26 and 5-27 95% confidence limit bound on the fluctuations about the trend line shall then be determined as +26 according to Equation 29, IP,(@+bns20 — Pa(psiay 9) The steady-state condition of the set-point pressure difference Pyp exists a. where Equation 30 is satisfied by not less than 95% of the sampled pressure differences where Pris the operating tolerance limit for pressure diffe (Psp — Py) SP) S Psp Py) Pa (psia) (30) ‘b. where: 0507,

Moar. @-10) and xFs 6-11) so that are = arez,x es (B-12) 2, And simile, the span term reduces to Equation B-13. oP So ks as = aresyxFs (8-13) tly, Equation B-2 reduces to Equation B-14, where Tis the temperature at which the measurement was taken, where AV/p¢ is dependent on the accuracy of the voltage reader or data acquisition system, (a0 pc EY + (ayy FS)2+ ONL HFS CESAR FS!) ap - ranad (b-14) HAT x 25 x FS)? + (AT Sex FS)? Applying the specifies for this example in ST units, SAS7000)" (3790)? + (3480)? + (172092 + (690)? s Pa + (0.00036 x 3447000 « (T—-21.1)P + [0.00027 x 3447000 x (721.1)? ap) roe (B-15) AP = {1(AP ne * 689400)? + 29909000 + [1241 x (T= 21.1)P + 1990.7 «(7-21.12 }2 (8-16) ANSUASHRAE Standard 41.3-2 Pa 25' for this example in I-P units, BY -cosspseosy-o2szeorr | psa (6-17) + [0.0002 = S00 x (7 70)]? + [0.00015 « $00 x (7 70)]? AP = {#(AF ng x 100)? + 0.625 + [0.1 x (T= 70)]? + [0.075 x (T=70)]2}!2 psi (B-18) B2. TEST CASE 1 B2.1 Instrument Application 1. The pressure transducer in Section BL is combined with a data acquisition to measure a effigerant compressor discharge pressure at 100°C (212 °F), A reading of 3103 kPa (450 psia) is recorded as 4.5 V. The pressure transducer output voltage Vpg: is related to the offset etror, gain error, and offset drift as shown in Equation B-19. AF pe = #[(AOMRet ent)? + (AGain error)? + (Temperature drift?) 19) ‘whete the temperature rift is eypressed in SI units in Equation B-20 and is I-P units in B21, Dp= Vg Dox (P~Te) = 45 = G » 107?) x (100~21.1) = 0.000107" (6-20) p= Va Dox (T~Tp) = 4.5% (1.67 » 107) x (21270) = 0.0001077 621) Substituting values into Equation B-19 yields the result for AV yc in and LP units, uation B-22 in both SI AF pe = +{(0.0000125)? + (0.00225) + (0.000107)"]!"? = 20.00225F (8-22) Substituting the value of AV/pc in Equation B-4 and other values in Table B-1 into Equation B- 16 yields the uncertainty for Instrument Application 1 in Equations B-23 and B-24 in SI units { (0.00225 x 689400}? + 29909000 7 Pa (6.23) + [1241 x (100 21.1) ]? + [930.7 x (100—21.1)} AP=£12252 kPa (B-24) Substituting the value of AV‘p¢ in Equation B-22 and other values in Table B-1 into Equation B- 18 yields the uncertainty for Instrument Application 1 in Equations B-25 and B-26 in I-P units ap = +{(ocars 22 04625 + [0.1 « (212 + 7O)P + [0.075 x (212 mor psa 6-28) AP=217.77 pia 826) Equation B-27 expresses the uncertainty results for Instrument Application 1 in both Sl and I-P units, P= 3103 + 122.52 kPa (450 + 17.77 psia) (95%) (B27) 82.2 Instrument Application 2—Analog Comparison, An analog precision gas pressure gage is used to measure the same discharge pressure. The gage has a pressure range of 0 t0 3447 kPa (0 10 500 psia) and a resolution of 13.47 kPa (2 psia) between seale markers. The scale markers ate close ‘enough together so that the uscr can discern 6.89 kPa (1 psia) between scale marks. Consequently, there is a resolution uncertainty of 6,89 ka (1 psia). The dial gage has a stated accuracy of 3% in the last quarter ofthe span, Standard method for converting resolution uncertainty to systematic uncertainty is Systematic uncertainty ~ Recents (8-28) 26 ANSVASHRAE Standard 41.3-2022Table B-2 Data Acquisition System Characteristics Parameter | Deseription Value “Assuracies Na Input range emvv Na NA Ot errr 005% 00125 mV Ve Voltas reading 45V NA NA Gain eror 005% £00625 mv 1, Calibration temperature 2LeC Gur) NA Do met dat 03 vere) Dependent on temperature O67 AVKV") T Measurement ierpeatare 107°C GI2F) NA Pr Temperature di To dedetemmined | Dependent on temperature WAT Novae where AP = (Span error” + Systematic uncertainty)! (B29) Applying values, 80027172 Ap = {003 x 3447000)2 +(°2)"]!* — 103 kPa (630) A 24 (Ly? - x 5002+ (2 3 a = sfco0s s+] ~ 1 ps wan) P= M08-+ 103 KPa (450 15 psia) 6-32) B3. TEST CASE 2 B3.1 Instrument Application 3. Tho pressure transducer in Section BI and the data acquisition, system in Section B3.1 are used to measure the pressure in an exhaust plenum. The air is at 35°C (85°F) and the measured pressure is 105 kPa (15.2 psia) Dr= Vg DelT Te) = 45 * GB 10735 — 21.1) = 0.001887" (B-33) AV ne = [(0.0000125)? + (0.00225)° + (0.00001 88)}'? = 0.002251 (B-34) AP = {(0.00225 x 689400)+ 29909 + [1241 x (35 — 21.1) + 930.7 « (3521.1) P}? Pa 22.30 kPa (835) AP = {(0.00225 » 100} 0.625 + [0.1 «(95 — 70)}? + [0.075 « (95 — 70)P}!* psia = 3.23 kPa (B36) P=105 + 22.30 kPa(15.2 + 3.23 psia) (B-37), B3.2 Instrument Application 4—Analog Comparison. An analog precision gas pressure gage is used to measure the same airflow. The gage goes from 0 to 138 kPa (0 to 20 psia) and has a resolution ‘of 1.38 kPa (0.2 psia) between scale markers. For the instrument, the seale markers are close enough together so that the user can discem 0.69 kPa (0.1 psia) between scale marks or a resolution uncer- tainty of 0.69 kPa (0.1 psia). The dial gage has a stated accuracy of 2% in the ast quarter of the span, 6902912 Ap = [(002« 1380)? + (98)"]"? = 2.79 xPa (838) l em + (O22 P ~ | (0.02.20)? GH 0.404 psia (8-39) P= 10S £32.70 Pa (15.2 + 0.404 psi) (8-40) ANSUASHRAE Standard 41.3-2(This appendix is not part of this standard. It fs merely informative and does not contain requirements necessary for conformance o the standard. It has not been processed according to the ANSI requirements for a standard and may contain material that has not been subject to public review or a consensus process. Unresolved objectors on informative material are not offered the right to appeal at ASHRAE or ANSI) INFORMATIVE APPENDIX C FLUID FLOW PRESSURE MEASUREMENT BASICS. There are three components to @ pressure reading in dynamic systems: static pressure, dynamic (velocity), and total pressure, Static pressure is the pressure that the fluid exerts on the container, dynamie pressure is the pressure that results from the momentum of the moving uid, and total pres- sure is the sum of the static pressure and dynamic pressure. Total pressure can be read directly by slowing the velocity to zero locally or globally. Dynamic pressure can be measured by inserting @ bluff body to reduce the local velocity to zero and subtracting ofT the static pressure. Ifstatie pressure is desired, care must be taken not to interfere with the fluid flow, or components of the dynamic pres- ‘sure will he added to the static measurement. A statie measurement is considered accurate ifthe flow path geometry has not changed in cross-section or direction of flow and the attachment point is clean hole in the wall of the container, free of burrs and intrusion into the flow stream. Where making a pressure measurement, the user should follow the instrument manufacturer's application guidelines or general engineering best practices to abtain correct values. Where correlating the results of two independent tests, the user must consider differences in flow geometries before drawing any conclusions, For example, given the same mass flow rate, 2 static pressure measurement oF bWo tubes where one is twice the diameter will ead differently. The larger diameter tube will have more of the dynamic component converted to static than the smaller diameter tube. Also, if onc measurement has a straight scction of six or mote diameters before or after the measurement, and the other measurement is taken close to a valve with changing flow path, the result will be a difference in the measured value that is not easily compensated, Figure C-1 shows an example of Pitotstatic tube construction and the tubing connections to ‘manometers or a pressure difference transducer to oblain both dynamic pressure and static pres- sures that are used to determine air velocities at a single measurement point. Pitotsiatic tubes shell be aligned within +10 degrees of the airflow direction, and any misalignment shall be included in the uncertainty estimate. Figure C-2 shows the construetion requirements for a statie pressure tap on an air duct, ANSVASHRAE Standard 41.3-20225116in.00=0. 118 9. DIAMETER STATIC SRESSURE 3| g a veLocrry PRESSURE 8 HOLES, 006 in. DIAMETER, EQUALLY SPACED STATIC gl FREE FROM BURRS SS fsi16 in TOTAL RAOUS PRESSURE QUTER TUBING ‘Sib in OD 18 SES GA COPPER Figure C-1 An example of Pitot-static tube construction and connections. ‘Surface shall be smooth and free irom tepulartes within 200 of he Edge of hole sha be are 2nd irve fom burrs 25D min <2} =D = Sen (0.128 in.) max | 20min To Pressure Indicator Figure C-2 Static pressure-tap construction requirements. ANSUVASHRAE Standard 41.3-202:30 (This appendix is not part of this standard. It fs merely informative and does not contain requirements necessary for conformance o the standard. It has not been processed according to the ANSI requirements for a standard and may contain material that has not been subject to public review or a consensus process. Unresolved objectors on informative material are not offered the right to appeal at ASHRAE or ANSI) INFORMATIVE APPENDIX D PRESSURE COMPENSATION REQUIRED FOR AN ELEVATION DIFFERENCE D1. PRESSURE COMPENSATION REQUIRED FOR AN ELEVATION DIFFERENCE Liquid in a connecting tube between the source of pressure and the measurement point ereates a ‘measurement error if the two points are not at the same elevation. Pressure measurements made above the source of pressure will be less than the source of pressure by a constant amount, waile pressure measurements made below the source of pressure will be greater than the souree of pres- sure by @ constant amount. Apply Equation D-1 in ST units or Equation D-2 in I-P units to deter- mine the value needed to compensate for this error In Sl units P= piety @-1) where P, ~ pressure compensatic 1p) > liquid density, ke/m? £ = local gravitation constant, mis? Ay = clevation difference between the measurement point and the source of pressure, m In FP units: P= pyleigc\ay 02) where P. = compensation pressure, psia P= liquid density, bmn = local gravitational acceleration, fis? Be = gravitational constant, 32.174 [by ft)/(Ibes2)] Ay ~ elevation difference between the measurement point and the source of pressure, ft Refrigerants will create a liquid column if the tubing ambient temperature is less than the satu ration temperature ofthe fluid being measured, oven if the pressure is being measured on gas within the system, D2. EXAMPLE Compressor discharge pressure in an R410a system is measured by a pressure transduecr that is ele- vated 1.27 m (50 in.) above the source of pressure, The refrigerant saturation temperature is 41.2°C (107°F) and the ambient temperature is 35°C (95°F). The reftigerant liquid density is 944 kg/m? (59 Ib, M0). Applying Equation D-2 results ssure compensation of 12 KPa (1.7 psia). Section D1 sates that pressure measurements made above the source of pressure will be less than the source pressure. If, for example, the measured pressure rcading is 2.515 MPa (350 psig), the pressure at the source is 2.526 MPa (351.7 psig). ANSVASHRAE Standard 41.3-2022(This appendix i not part of this standard. It fs merely informative and does not conta requirements necessary for conformance o the standard. It has not been processed according to the ANSI requirements for a standard and may contain material that has not been subject to public review or a consensus process. Unresolved objectors on informative material are not offered the right to appeal at ASHRAE or ANSI) INFORMATIVE APPENDIX E PRESSURE MEASUREMENT VOLUME Pressure measurement is always an invasive measurement. The pressure measuring element adds volume to the system being monitored, as do any interconnecting conduits from the system to the transducer. The increase in volume can reduce the pressure of a compressible Muid system in pro- portion to inerease in volume. For example, ifthe pressure measurement instrumentation increases the volume by 126, there will be a 1% reduction in the pressure measured if additional fluid is not added into the systema, A particularly severe error can occur where the system contains two phases of a fluid. If the additional volume has 2 saturation temperature that is below the ambient temperature seen by the measurement system, then the volume will be filled with gas. In the event that the saturation tem= perature of the fluid is above the ambient temperature seen by the measurement system, the volume ‘will be filled with liquid. For example, a pressure transducer connected to the gas service port of a ‘heat pump will be filled with gas in the cooling mode but filled with liquid in the heating mode. ‘This effectively changes the charge between cooling and heating, ‘To determine if the volume has an effect on the system being measured, 2 t ducted with and without the transducers attached. Observe ether measurements, such as tempera- tures, performance, heat transfer, ete.. in both cases to make sure the effect of the measurement volume added is truly insignificant. If the amount of fluid required by the system is determined, then attempt to set the fluid quantity in the case where the instrument volume contains only gas, “needs 10 be con- ANSUASHRAE Standard 41.3-2 31(This appendix i not part of this standard. It fs merely informative and does not conta requirements necessary for conformance o the standard. It has not been processed according to the ANSI requirements for a standard and may contain material that has not been subject to public review or a consensus process. Unresolved objectors on informative material are not offered the right to appeal at ASHRAE or ANSI) INFORMATIVE APPENDIX F PRESSURE UNITS CONVERSION TABLE Table F-1 Pressure Units Conversion Factors wr inofwater | in. Mg mm Hg pal oc Grr atm oc arn, bar Pa i = 2.0360 = 6.068086 = sLais = 0.068948 on) 0.36091 U 0.073483 2.458010 | 1.8665 2aseh1o? | 248.84 0491154 13.609) 1 0.033421 254 0.033864 33864 14.6959 407.19 29.921 1 760.0 101328 00193368 osisT8 0.03937 Taism107 [1 133.32, 14.5038, 401.86 29.530 098692 750.062 t 100000" Lasoas104 | 4o1s6si0" | 2953-104 gs6s210% | 75010 bo 1 th wren ANSVASHRAE Standard 41.3-21POLICY STATEMENT DEFINING ASHRAE’S CONCERN FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF ITS ACTIVITIES ASHRAE is concerned with the impact of its members’ activities on both the indoor and outdoor environment. ASHRAE’s members will strive to minimize any possible deleterious effect on the indoor and outdoor environment of the systerns and components in their responsibility while maximizing the beneficial effects these systems provide, consistent with accepted Standards and the practical state of the art. ASHRAE's short-range goal is to ensure that the systems and components within its scope do not impact the indoor and outdoor environment to a greater extent than specified by the Standards and Guidelines as established by itself and other responsible bodies. ‘Asan ongoing goal, ASHRAE will, through its Standards Committee and extensive Technical Committee structure, continue to generate up-to-date Standards and Guidelines where appropriate and adopt, recommend, and promote those new and revised Standards developed by other responsible organizations. ‘Through its Handbook, appropriate chapters will contain up-to-date Standards and design considerations as the ‘material is systematically revised ASHRAE will take the lead with respect to dissemination of environmental information of its primary interest and vril sock out and disseminate information from other responsible organizations that is pertinent, as guides to updating. Standards and Guidelines. The effects of the design and selection of equipment and systems will be considered within the scope of the system's intended use and expected misuse. The disposal of hazardous materials, if any, will also be considered, ASHRAE’s primary concern for environmental impact will be at the site where equipment within ASHRAE’s scope: operates. However, energy source selection and the possible environmental impact due to the energy source and energy transportation will be considered where possible. Recommendations concerning energy source selection should be made by its members.ASHRAE - 180 Technology Pariway NW sachtree Corners, GA 30092 - www.ashrae.org ‘About ASHRAE Founded in 1894, ASHRAE is a global professional society committed to serve humanity by advancing the arts and sciences of heating, ventilation, air conditioning, refrigeration, and their allied fields, ‘As an industry leader in research, standards writing, publishing, certification, and continuing education, ASHRAE and its members are dedicated to promoting a healthy and sustainable built environment for all, through strategic Partnerships with organizations in the HVAC&R community and across related industries. To stay current with this and other ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines, visit www.ashrae.org/standards, and connect on Linked!n, Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube. 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ASHRAE provides these addenda, errata, and interpretations only in electronic form to promote more sustainable use of resources. Product code: 86222 iz