ETHICS

GENERAL EDUCATION 7

MC LARNEL R. ALILURAN, LPT

Instructor
cOURSE CODE:
GENERAL EDUCATION 7
cOURSE TITLE:
ETHICS
CREDITS UNIT:
Three (3)
course schedule:
5:00 pm - 8:00 pm
(Tuesdays)
 Lesson 1

THE ETHICAL DIMENSION OF

HUMAN EXPERIENCE
Lesson Objectives:
1. Identify the ethical aspect of
human life and the scope of
ethical thinking;
2. define and explain the terms
that are relevant to ethical
thinking; and
3. evaluate the difficulties that
are involved in maintaining
certain commonly held
notions on ethics.
 ETHICS
is the branch of philosophy
that examines what is right
or wrong, good or bad, and
how a person should behave
in their actions and
decisions. It provides
principles and guidelines that
align with moral conduct and
offers guidance on proper
behavior.
 PHILOSOPHY
is a branch of knowledge that
explores fundamental
questions about the nature of
existence, reality, knowledge,
values, reason, mind, and
language. It involves critical
thinking, rational inquiry, and
systematic reflection on the
most basic aspects of human
experience.
 PHILOS
meaning "love"

PHILOSOPHY
Greek words

SOPHIA
meaning "wisdom" or
"knowledge”
values video
 VALUES
are society’s shared
beliefs about what is
good or bad and how
people should act.
 VALUES
are individual beliefs
that motivate people to
act one way or another.
They serve as a guide
for human behavior.
Generally, people are
predisposed to
adopt the values
that they are raised
with. People also
tend to believe that
those values are
“right” because they
are the values of
their particular
culture.
 Ethical decision-
making often involves
weighing values
against each other and
choosing which values
to elevate. Conflicts
can result when
people have different
values, leading to a
clash of preferences
and priorities.
 Some values have
intrinsic worth, such
as love, truth, and
freedom. Other
values, such as
ambition,
responsibility, and
courage, describe
traits or behaviors
that are instrumental
as means to an end.
 Still other values are
considered sacred and
are moral imperatives
for those who believe
in them. Sacred values
will seldom be
compromised because
they are perceived as
duties rather than as
factors to be weighed
in decision-making.
 So, whether
values are sacred,
have intrinsic
worth, or are a
means to an end,
values vary
among individuals
and across
cultures and time.
morality video
MORALITY
are society’s
accepted
principles of right
conduct that
enable people to
live cooperatively.
MORALITY
are the prevailing
standards of
behavior that enable
people to live
cooperatively in
groups. Moral refers
to what societies
sanction as right and
acceptable.
 Most people tend to act
morally and follow
societal guidelines.
Morality often requires
that people sacrifice their
own short-term interests
for the benefit of society.
People or entities that are
indifferent to right and
wrong are considered
amoral, while those who
do evil acts are
considered immoral.
While some moral principles
seem to transcend time and
culture, such as fairness,
generally speaking, morality
is not fixed. Morality
describes the particular
values of a specific group at
a specific point in time.
Historically, morality has
been closely connected to
religious traditions, but
today its significance is
equally important to the
secular world.
 Some philosophers
make a distinction
between morals and
ethics. But many
people use the terms
morals and ethics
interchangeably
when talking about
personal beliefs,
actions, or principles.
 So, morals are the
principles that guide
individual conduct
within society. And,
while morals may
change over time,
they remain the
standards of behavior
that we use to judge
right and wrong.
MORAL MORAL
ISSUE JUDGEMENT

MORAL MORAL
DECISION DILEMMA
 MORAL ISSUE
refers to a situation or
problem that involves
ethical considerations
and principles
concerning what is right
or wrong, good or bad,
virtuous or immoral.
 MORAL
DECISION
is a choice made by an
individual or a group that is
based on ethical principles
and values. It involves
considering what is morally
right or wrong, and choosing
a course of action that aligns
with one's moral beliefs.
 MORAL
JUDGEMENT
involves the process of
evaluating and determining the
moral rightness or wrongness
of a particular action, behavior,
or decision. Individuals make
moral judgments based on their
ethical beliefs, values, and the
principles they consider
important.
 MORAL
DILEMMA
refers to a situation in which a
person faces conflicting moral
principles, making it challenging
to choose the right course of
action. In such situations, the
individual is often confronted
with two or more options, each of
which involves morally acceptable
but mutually exclusive choices.
 VALUES MORALS
usually influenced
more inward-
by the geographic
focused regions we live in,
personal in the religions we
hold true, our
nature families, and our
life experiences.
MORALS VS. VALUES
1. Morals are defined by what
society wants from you. Values
are the definition of what you
desire personally.
For example, society wants you to respect others' property. Therefore, it is
morally wrong and illegal to walk into a retail store and take merchandise from
the premises you did not pay for. However, one shoplifter stressed out that
because of stealing and selling stolen merchandise, he was able to provided
for his family. Stealing was morally wrong, but to him, his values for providing
for his family trumped societal expectations.
MORALS VS. VALUES
2. An action may be morally
acceptable to society. However,
that same action may not align with
someone’s personal values.
For example, consuming alcoholic beverages are the norm in today's society.
In fact, if you are over 21 and don't drink, many feel there may be something
wrong with you. Even though many feel that way, and it is not morally unfit to
consume alcoholic drinks, they go against your personal values. It could be
that you vowed never to drink because you grew up with alcoholic parents,
and you see how it can negatively affect the household.
 MORALS VS. VALUES
3. Morals are considered doing what
is right or wrong in society. But
values are not considered
mandatory by society.
An example of this is when Brad was in convenience store buying milk for his young
baby at home. On his way to the register, he noticed that the cashier was being
robbed at gunpoint. Society says it is morally acceptable for him to hide until the
robber is gone. Besides, he has a child at home and should stay out of harm's way
so that he can make it home to his child. However, Brad is a retired military veteran
skilled in hand-to-hand combat. He knows he can take the robber down and values
being courageous, compassionate, and brave above all else at the moment.
MORALS VS. VALUES
4. Morals are often taught and
don’t naturally come innate within a
person. However, values are often
morals that have been prioritized.
For instance, the business morals taught at Luis sandwich shop are to
provide fast, excellent, quality, and prompt service. She also stresses
to her employees to work safely. Of course, Luis is in the business of
making money (because that is what companies do). But she always
stresses to her employees that she values safety above all else.
 MORALS VS. VALUES
5. Morals are considered deep-seated rules which
are taught to someone on how to govern
themselves. But values are not taught by teachers
and change over time, according to one's needs.
Leaders in a mosque and elders in the family often teach morals in a religious setting.
These strict guidelines on behavior are passed down from generation to generation.
They govern how a person is to act, dress, and believe. However, many people have
made personal decisions to walk away from those deep-seated teachings because
they did not value those rules as a way to govern this stage of their lives. They felt it
was holding them back from self-expression and the freedom they desired to live.
 Magbigay ng isang values na
pinaniniwalaan mo na tingin ng
iba ay mali. Paano mo ito
patuloy na isinasabuhay sa
kabila ng mga pagkontra dito?