BLUE HORA UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE

LITERATURE REVIEW & CASE STUDY ON MIXED USE BUILDINGS

Course title: integrated design project 1

Course code: ARCH 4091

Prepared by: Abrham wubishet

Id: Ru0814/12

Submitted to arch. Anteneh D and Engi. seid D

 CASE STUDY ON MIXED USE

TABLE OF CONTENTS

List of figures.......................................................................................................................................3
CHAPTER ONE .....................................................................................................................................5
1. LITERATURE REVIEW ON MIXED USE BUILDING .............................................................................5
1.1. ABRIEF HISTORY OF MIXED USE..................................................................................................5
1.2. DESIGN OBJECTIVES ...................................................................................................................6
1.3. THE BENEFITS OF MIXED-USE DEVELOPMENT............................................................................6
1.3.1. Benefits to the Developer/ Investor: ......................................................................................7
1.3.2. Benefits to the Public:.............................................................................................................7
1.3.3. Benefits to the Environment:..................................................................................................7
1.4. PRINCIPLES OF MIXED-USE DEVELOPMENT................................................................................7
1.5. TYPES OF MIXED-USE DEVELOPMENT ........................................................................................8
1.5.1. Vertical mixed ........................................................................................................................8
1.5.2. Shopping mall..........................................................................................................................9
1.5.3. Horizontal mixed-use .............................................................................................................9
1.5.4. A lifestyle center- ...................................................................................................................9
1.6. STANDARDS...............................................................................................................................10
1.6.1. Solar and daylight access ......................................................................................................10
1.6.2. Natural ventilation ...............................................................................................................10
1.6.3. Ceiling heights ......................................................................................................................11
1.6.4. Common circulation and spaces Common ...........................................................................11
1.7. GENERAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS ........................................................................................12
CHAPTER TWO ..................................................................................................................................15
2. CASE STUDY(INTERNATIONAL)..........................................................................................................15
2.1. OVERVIEW .............................................................................................................................15
2.2. PROJECT SUMMARY..................................................................................................................15
2.3. HOUSING TYPE .........................................................................................................................16
2.4. UNDERSTANDING THE NEIGHBOURHOOD ...............................................................................17
2.5. GETTING IT RIGHT PLACING THE BUILDINGS ON THE SITE .......................................................17
2.6. SITE PLAN .................................................................................................................................18
2.7. FLOOR PLANS ........................................................................................................................18
CHAPTER THREE.................................................................................................................................20
3. CASE STUDY 2....................................................................................................................................20

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3.1. General Details Overall: ............................................................................................................20

3.2. Orientation:...............................................................................................................................21
3.3. Zoning........................................................................................................................................21
3.4. SITE:...........................................................................................................................................22
CHAPTER FOUR .................................................................................................................................25
4. LOCAL CASE STUDY ..........................................................................................................................25
ADOLA MIXED USE BUILDING ..............................................................................................................25
4.1. GENERAL OVERVIEW DETAIL ....................................................................................................25
4.2. Zoning........................................................................................................................................26
4.3. Circulation and lighting ............................................................................................................27
4.4. FLOOR PLANS ...........................................................................................................................28
4.5. ELEVATIONS .............................................................................................................................29
4.6. SECTIONS...................................................................................................................................30
4.7. MATERIALS USED .....................................................................................................................31
REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................................32

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List of figures

Figure 1.0 mixed use example ......................................................................................................................5

Figure 1.1 vertical mixed use........................................................................................................................8

Figure 1.2 horizontal mixed.......................................................................................................................... 9

Figure 1.3 sun light ....................................................................................................................................10

Figure 1.4 ventilation diagram ...................................................................................................................11

Figure 1.5 ceiling heights diagram..............................................................................................................11

Figure 1.6 circulation diagram ...................................................................................................................12

Figure 1.7 façade design ............................................................................................................................14

Figure 2.0 ENSO mixed building ...............................................................................................................15

Figure 2.1 north wing..................................................................................................................................15

Figure 2.2 3d view ......................................................................................................................................17

Figure 2.3 3d view ......................................................................................................................................17

Figure 2.4 site plan view.............................................................................................................................18

Figure 2.7 Typical two-bedroom residential unit........................................................................................18

Figure 2.5 59m2 studio residential unit ......................................................................................................18

Figure 2.6 Typical one-bedroom residential unit........................................................................................18

Figure 2.8 Retail floor plan ........................................................................................................................19

Figure 2.9 residential area...........................................................................................................................19

Figure 3.0 Chao tien men building..............................................................................................................20

Figure 3.1 boat concept...............................................................................................................................20

Figure 3.1’ the boat ....................................................................................................................................21

Figure 3.2 3.3 3.4 concept development of chao building .........................................................................21

....................................................................................................................................................................21

Figure 3.5 site plan......................................................................................................................................22

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Figure 3.6 3d view ......................................................................................................................................22

Figure 3.7 recreational area view................................................................................................................ 23

Figure 3.8 section........................................................................................................................................23

Figure 3.9& 3.10 3d view and terrace view................................................................................................24

Figure 4.0 adola ........................................................................................................................... 25

Figure 4.1 pharmacy ...................................................................................................................................25

Figure 4.3 Balconies ...................................................................................................................................26

Figure 4.4 offices ........................................................................................................................................26

........................................................................................................... 27
Figure 4.5 and 4.6 corridor and
Figure 4.8 rear view ....................................................................................................................................27

Figure 4.7 open down roof..........................................................................................................................27

Figure 4.9 & 4.10 ,4.11 lighting sources.....................................................................................................27

Figure 4.12 and 4.13 basement and ground floor plan................................................................................28

Figure 4.14-4.18 1st -3rd floor plans ............................................................................................................28

Figure 4.19-4.24 elevations.........................................................................................................................29

Figure 4.25-4.26 elevations right and left ..................................................................................................30

Figure 4.27 section......................................................................................................................................30

Figure 4.28 section b-b ...............................................................................................................................30

................................................................................................................................... 30
Figure 4.29 site

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CHAPTER ONE

1. LITERATURE REVIEW ON MIXED USE BUILDING

1.1. INTRODUCTION

DEFNITION Mixed use development includes multiple uses in one building. In

apartment buildings this is commonly achieved vertically with different uses stacked above one
another. A vertical mix of uses is more likely to increase activity through the day and night
which in turn improves passive surveillance of the public domain. In areas zoned for mixed
use development building design should allow for a range of non-residential uses. Where
the location or site constraints are not suited for retail uses, the design should
accommodate other uses such as commercial offices. Non-residential uses should be located
on lower levels of buildings in areas where residential use may not be appropriate or desirable,
such as along main roads or railway
lines. [1]

Figure 1.0 mixed use example

1.2. ABRIEF HISTORY OF MIXED USE

. A mix of uses was once the norm in the US prior to the implementation of modern
zoning and land-use practices.

. Mixes of commercial and residential uses flourished into the twentieth century,
when development trends and patterns changed radically with the advent of the
automobile.

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. Modern zoning practices assigned land uses according to function. Retail, work,
living schools, etc., were segregated from each other. From the 1910’s through the
1950’s, integrated land uses were rare in new developments

. 1960’s and 1970’s Mixed-use re-emerged as a tool for urban revitalization, often as part
of large-scale public/ private partnerships.

. Late 1970’s and 1980’s Mixed-use developments began to be built on smaller scales
than their predecessors. they were more integrated into urban contexts, often relating to
historic structures or districts.

. 1990’s and 2000’s Mixed-use developments emerged as manifestations of

sustainable design, walkable urbanism and “smart growth” initiatives. Residential
emerged as a primary use.

. They became integral components of Transit Oriented Development (TOD’s),

Traditional Neighborhood Developments (TND’s) and were considered an essential
ingredient to the creation of “Livable Communities.” [2]

1.3. DESIGN OBJECTIVES

1. Provide the resident living in upper floors of a mixed-use project with a high-
quality environment;

2. Design parking that not only provides secure resident parking, but also promotes
safe interaction between vehicles and pedestrians;

3. Ensure that retail/commercial space on the lower floor is appropriately designed

to promote uses that serve the community living in a mixed-use development;

4. Ensure compatibility between adjacent uses, especially residential; and Encourage

high quality mixed-use infill development that is comprised of residential,
office, entertainment, and commercial uses.

1.4. THE BENEFITS OF MIXED-USE DEVELOPMENT

As a Capital City experiencing unprecedented business and population growth and a shift
in lifestyle preferences of City users, Adelaide is a prime location to support mixed use
development. The value of this type of development for the City of Adelaide and the
development industry is
high.

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1.4.1. Benefits to the Developer/ Investor:

. An adaptable building product which, subject to the necessary planning and building
requirements, contains flexibility to change uses

. The opportunity to offer ‘green developments’ that use environmentally efficient

materials and designs

. Quicker take up rates of both residential and commercial/ retail tenancies due to
tenants residing and working within the same building creating efficiencies
. A diverse flow of investment from the different uses in the building

. Increased security to tenants due to the nature of mixed-use developments and the
complementary hours of operation. For example, activity created by ground level
commercial use creates passive surveillance for apartments above during the day and
into the evening in some cases

1.4.2. Benefits to the Public:

. Increased housing, employment, business and investment choice

. Bringing together and integrating different land uses and activities, making them
readily accessible in one location
. The creation of interesting and vibrant streets through the diversification of activities
. More efficient use of public infrastructure

1.4.3. Benefits to the Environment:

. More efficient use of land and reduced car dependency

. Opportunity to incorporate new environmentally sensitive ‘green’ technologies

1.5. PRINCIPLES OF MIXED-USE DEVELOPMENT

Mixed use development should also appropriately manage more sensitive uses with regard to
potential disturbance generating aspects of other uses. Of the mixed-use developments that exist

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in Adelaide, a large proportion comprise retail, commercial and residential mixes. The
economic and amenity synergies between these uses promotes successful development.
Continuing technological advancements in building and environmentally efficient ‘green’
techniques provide options for more diverse and innovative mixing of uses creating interesting
streetscapes, a more populated, vibrant City environment and greater opportunities to adapt
under-utilized buildings. Mixed use development creates a sense of identity and place for
residential use, and a more
populated and safer City environment. [3]

The key to successful mixed-use development is adherence to a number of basic principles

combined with an assessment of the economic and amenity synergies between prospective uses.

Key principles include:

• A sound understanding of market preferences and dynamics

• Appropriate location of uses

• Hours of operation for more lively activities

• Timing of service delivery

• Appropriate design and construction measures to achieve satisfactory development

performance in terms of ‘green’ energy efficiency, noise attenuation, air quality and vibration

1.6. TYPES OF MIXED-USE DEVELOPMENT

Based on orientation they are divided into two, vertical and Horizontal

Figure 1.1 vertical mixed use

1.6.1. Vertical

. Combines different uses within the same building

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. Provides for more public uses on the lower floor such as retail shops, restaurants,
of commercial businesses

. Provides for more private uses on the upper floors such as residential units, hotel
rooms, or office space.

1.6.2. Shopping mall

A shopping center is a complex of retail stores end related facilities planned as a unified group
to give maximum shopping convenience to the customer and maximum exposure to the
merchandise. The concept is not new. The agora of the typical city of ancient Greece was
essentially a shopping
center in the heart of the business district.

1.6.3. Horizontal mixed-use

occurs when uses areplaced next to each other, such as an apartment building that is adjacent to
offices, restaurants, or retail shops. Mixed-use areas often create the main
street/downtown,
activity center, or commercial corridor of a local community, district, or neighborhood.

1.6.4. A lifestyle center-

is a shopping center or mixed-used commercial development that combines the traditional

retail functions of a shopping mall with leisure amenities oriented towards upscale consumers.
They
are often located in affluent suburban areas.

Figure 1.2 horizontal mixed

Main Street commercial - is a generic phrase used to denote a primary retail street of a
village, town or small city in many parts of the world. It is usually a focal point for shops and
retailers in December 8,
the central business district, and is most often used in reference to retailing and socializing.
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The term is commonly used in Ireland, Scotland, the United States, Canada, and less often
in Australia and New Zealand. In most of the United Kingdom the common description is High
Street
though "Fore Street" or "Front Street" is commonplace in some regions.

1.7. STANDARDS

1.7.1. Solar and daylight access

Solar and daylight access are important for apartment buildings, reducing the reliance on
artificial lighting and heating, improving energy efficiency and residential amenity through
pleasant
conditions to live and work.

Solar access is the ability of a building to receive direct sunlight without the obstruction from
other buildings or impediments, not including trees. Sunlight is direct beam radiation from
the sun. Daylight consists of sunlight and diffuse light from the sky. Daylight changes with the
time of day,
season and weather conditions.

1.7.2. Natural ventilation

Natural ventilation is the movement of sufficient volumes of fresh air through an apartment
to create a comfortable indoor environment. Sustainable design practice incorporates
natural ventilation by responding to the local climate and reduces the need for mechanical
ventilation and air conditioning. To achieve adequate natural ventilation, apartment design
must address the
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orientation of the building, the configuration of apartments and the external building envelope.

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Natural cross ventilation is achieved by apartments having more than one aspect with
direct exposure to the prevailing winds, or windows located in significantly different pressure
regions, rather than relying on purely wind driven air. Apartment layout and building depth
have a close relationship with the ability of an apartment to be naturally ventilated. Generally,
as the building
gets deeper, effective airflow reduces.

Figure 1.4 ventilation diagram

1.7.3. Ceiling heights

Ceiling height is measured internally from finished floor level to finished ceiling level. The
height of a ceiling contributes to amenity within an apartment and the perception of space. Well
designed and appropriately defined ceilings can create spatial interest and hierarchy in
apartments. Ceiling height is directly linked to achieving sufficient natural ventilation and
daylight access to habitable rooms. The ground and first floor levels of mixed-use apartment
buildings should have increased
ceiling heights to ensure their longer-term adaptability for other uses.

1.7.4. Common circulation and spaces

Figure 1.5 ceiling heights diagram

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circulation and spaces within a building are shared communally by residents. They include
lobbies, internal corridors and external galleries, vertical circulation such as lifts and stairs,
as well as
community rooms and other spaces.

Figure 1.6 circulation diagram

1.8. GENERAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

Site planning- The design of each mixed-use project site shall contribute to the evolving sense
of place and character. Site planning considers the internal organization of a development project
and
the external relationship with the public right-of-way and other projects.

Building Placement - One of the most important elements of new mixed-use development is
the way the project is integrated physically and functionally into the public realm. Properly
executed building placement and orientation can enliven adjacent public spaces, encourage
pedestrian
activity, and strengthen the link between businesses and residences.

Buildings shall be constructed near or along the front property line(s). A “zero
setback” from the front property line is encouraged.

When a front setback is necessary, a majority of the setback shall be hardscaped

with limited landscaping to accommodate uses that keep the public realm active,
such as outdoor dining and seating

Building Entries Objective - to provide distinctly identifiable entrances for each use within
the mixed-use development and to promote a sense of recognition and ownership. Street
Orientation Mixed-use buildings shall be sited and oriented so that the primary commercial
building entry is
located along the public sidewalk, which is the main pedestrian route
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Mixed-use buildings shall be sited and oriented so that the primary commercial
building entry is located along the public sidewalk, which is the main pedestrian route.

The most active ground floor uses such as storefronts, lobbies, and restaurant dining
areas shall front the public sidewalk. Private amenities, such as courtyards, that
are not accessible to the public shall be located within the project site or on upper
floors and not along the street

Parking Orientation A well planned circulation system efficiently moves vehicles in a

well- defined manner while avoiding and reducing potential conflicts between pedestrians and
vehicles. On-site surface parking between the front property line and the building is strongly
discouraged. Instead, parking shall be located to the rear of the site in a parking lot, within the
building, or in a separate structure. Vehicular access shall be provided from side streets,
adjacent alleys, and
parallel streets whenever possible.

Circulations Vertical circulation between story ‘s requires escalators, featured lifts and
stairs designed to stimulate interest. These are usually located in a spacious central concourse or
atrium,
at junctions or corners and within the large space users.

Site Amenities Similar to site design and building architecture, site amenities such as
courtyards, site furniture, and landscaping contribute to the overall tone, image, and style of
the mixed-use project. - Outdoor spaces play a significant role in the development of the site
plan and shall be designed as “outdoor rooms” that can be used for play, recreation, social or
cultural activities. -
Avoid undifferentiated, empty spaces.

- Outdoor spaces shall be appropriately scaled for the intended use and be designed to include
safety and security measures.

1.9. Facades

The design of facades contributes greatly to the visual interest of the building and the character
of the local area. Facades that face the street have an impact on the public domain, while side
and rear facades often influence the amenity of neighboring buildings and communal and private
open spaces. High quality facades are a balanced composition of building elements, textures,
materials and colorselections. Well-designed facades also reflect the use, internal layout and
structure of an
 CASE STUDY ON MIXED USE
apartment building. The composition and detailing of a facade is not only important to the

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appearance of the building, it also influences its perceived scale. The pattern and repetitions of
the facade, the proportions and articulation of external walls and the detailed design of facade
elements
are all important considerations. [4]

Figure 1.7 façade design

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CHAPTER TWO

2. CASE STUDY(INTERNATIONAL)

Figure 2.0 ENSO mixed building

2.1. OVERVIEW

ENSO is a mixed-use development located within the Pearl District (1400 NW Marshall Street) on the
edge of Portland’s CBD. It has retail facing the main street frontages with five floors of apartments
above (170
residential units in total).

2.2. PROJECT SUMMARY

ENSO occupies three-quarters of a city

block, bounded by NW Marshall Street, NW
14 and 15 Ave and NW Lovejoy Street. The
remainder of the city block is occupied by a
heritage building, currently used as a Figure
2.1
commercial bank. The surrounding area north
wing
consists primarily of other residential
apartment blocks. The development sits
within easy walking distance of central Portland and is only 30m from the NW 13th &
Lovejoy Tram stop, which provides access to the wider Portland Light Rail Service. The
residential units
are arranged in a back-to-back (double-loaded) arrangement accessed from a central corridor. The
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lack of natural light access into the central corridor and the limited number of windows in many
of the corner studio units are negative aspects of the development and should not be encouraged.

The development includes studio units (59m2), one-bedroom units (71m2) and two-bedroom
units (101m2). The outward facing units have views over the street, while the inwards facing
units have views onto a first-floor internal courtyard (above the retail and car parking elements),
which also provides outdoor space for the occupiers of the residential units. Given the building
does occupy most of the full city block, a number of the inward facing units also have
street views. The development takes full advantage of its location to a high level of services,
with a walk score of
97. Parking for residents is provided in abasement and ground floor garage accessed via a single
access point off NW 14 Ave. [5] PRICE BAND
MEDIUM
KEY PROJECT INFORMATION
PROJECT TYPE
(APPROX) FLOOR AREA
16,540 m²

MIXED USE RETAIL FLOOR AREA

947m² ROHE /
SITE AREA 7,500 m²
LOCATION
YEAR COMPLETED 2013

PORTLAND, OREGON (USA)

2.3. HOUSING TYPE

3 STOREY RESIDENTIAL ABOVE GROUND FLOOR RETAIL 152 residential units

ranging from 59- 101m2; 4 Retail tenancies. Studios are 59m2, one-bedroom units range from
71- 73m2 and two-bedroom units range from 101- 103m2. Balconies are limited to 6m2 (not all
units have a
balcony, which is a negative aspect of the development)

DENSITY

473 DW/HA

PARKING

BASEMENT AND AT GRADE- SINGLE ACCESS POINT

ARCHITECT

MYHRE GROUP ARCHITECTS

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2.4. UNDERSTANDING THE NEIGHBOURHOOD

ENSO is situated in a mixed commercial/residential/office area on the fringe of the Portland

CBD (the Pearl District); it is a significant part of the CBD Portland Brownfield Program.

1. The area contains a range of building styles and typologies.

2. The Pearl District has an active and lively street scene with dozens of restaurants,
cafes and coffee shops, along with supermarkets and organic markets.

3. The area is served by a tram system with three stops (two lines) within 200m.
4. The area (and Portland’s CBD) has a strong city block pattern of 61m (200 feet) by 6
m (200 feet) city blocks creating a high level of permeability throughout the area.

Figure 2.2 3d view

2.5. GETTING IT RIGHT PLACING THE BUILDINGS ON THE SITE

1. The building abuts the street,

with retail/commercial elements
along the main street frontage.

2. The building addresses the

corner and occupies the whole
three quarters of the city block.

3. The building height is

consistent with the
surrounding built environment.
Figure 2.3 3d view

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4. The building provides a high level of modulation and variation within the street
scene, including the use of colors and the ‘pop out’ features. The building size
respects its
relationship with the street.

2.6. SITE PLAN

ENSO site marked in red

1. Internal communal courtyard, with
landscaping features
2. NW Marshall Street
3. NW Lovejoy Street
4. Pearl District
5. Supermarket

Figure 2.4 site plan view

2.7. FLOOR PLANS

Figure 2.5 59m2 studio residential unit

Figure 2.6 Typical one-bedroom residential unit Figure 2.7 Typical two-bedroom residential unit

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Single vehicle entry point

Loading area for retail units

Residential unit storage areas

Residential apartment entry areas, with

lobby

Figure 2.8 Retail floor plan

Double loaded residential units, all of which are a

generous size. Internal units have views into the internal
courtyard, while external residential units have street
views.

1. Long corridors with no light access (this is a

negative aspect of the development)

2. A number of the studio units on the internal

‘corners’ lack adequate privacy and light access –
a better design solution would have been to
combine these units with those adjacent to create
two (or three) bedroom units with higher levels of
internal amenity
Figure 2.9 residential area

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CHAPTER THREE

3. CASE STUDY 2

CHAO TIEN MEN, CHINA

3.1. General Details Overall:

A landmarked mixed development comprising a shopping mall, and
eight towers for residential, office, serviced residence and mixed use.

Architect: Safdie Architects

Site Area: 91,783 sqm
Parking: 5 level basements
Land Cost: 6.76 billion RMB

Figure 3.1 boat concept

2
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Inspiration takes the form of powerful sails upon the river, symbolizing a great city
surging forward. The design for the project to be situated is generated by the image of
powerful
sails upon the water.

3.2. Orientation:

• Building is oriented in such a way that all

the towers face north.

• As such building receives maximum amount

of sunlight during its daytime.

• It serves as an outward - facing gateway

symbol for the city.

• The project also has a strong presence in

Figure 3.1’ the boat
forming the apex of the city’s peninsula

3.3. Zoning

• Embankment (Parking, Transist)

• Podium and Roof Park

• Residential Towers

• Office Cum Hotel tower and

Sky garden

Figure 3.2 3.3 3.4 concept development of chao building

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3.4. SITE:

South-facing facades look back to the city &

are covered by green hanging gardens, providing a
lush
green appearance to the city

Figure 3.5 site plan

The outer facades of the projects

six towers - the transparent surfaces that
will face the water to the north are
meant to recall a fleet of ancient Chinese
ships, with their huge rectangles of white
canvas filled
by the wind. this image is recognizable in
its simplicity, yet iconic in its form. in addition to serving as an outward - facing gateway symbol.
[6]

Underneath the park level,

the podium consists of five levels of
public program, including retail and
cultural facilities, as well as hubs for
land and
water transportation

Two central outer towers: Office

cum hotel (348 meters above floodplain)

Hotel - Located at the top floors of

the central towers - Features hotel lobby
within sky garden hull, privileged access
to sky park and a leading convention
Centre.

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Figure 3.6 3d view

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Figure 3.7 recreational area view

Figure 3.8 section

2
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Figure 3.9& 3.10 3d view and terrace view

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CHAPTER FOUR

4. LOCAL CASE STUDY

ADOLA MIXED USE BUILDING

Figure 4.0 adola building

4.1. GENERAL OVERVIEW DETAIL

Overview
mixed development comprising a pharmacy

and

B+G +3 towers for residential, office, store

Location
Blue hora goro gudina kebele 03
Architect: debebe yetagesu Architects and
Engineers consultancy
Figure 4.1 pharmacy

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Site Area: sqm

Parking: in front of the building
Owner: Ato tedechaadola
• Building is oriented in such away that
all the other building face east

• As such building receives

maximum amount of sunlight during its
daytime.

Project budget used

27 million Birr
Construction duration
4 years Figure 4.3
Balconies
Contractor name
ADAM

4.2. Zoning

Store at the basement

Car parking at the ground level pharmacy, drugstore, offices
Bedrooms after 2nd and 3rd floor

Figure 4.4 offices

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4.3. Circulation and lighting

Circulation the building

located in the main road of the

town blue hora and in the
building the building has 1.2-
meter width corridor and
sufficient lobby and almost a
good stair. [7]

Figure 4.5
and 4.6
corridor
and star

Figure 4.8 rear view

Figure 4.7 open down roof

Figure 4.9 & 4.10 ,4.11 lighting sources

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4.4. FLOOR PLANS

Figure 4.12 and 4.13 basement and ground floor plan

Figure 4.14-4.18 1st -3rd floor plans

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4.5. ELEVATIONS

Figure 4.19-4.24 elevations

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Figure 4.25-4.26 elevations right and left

4.6. SECTIONS

Figure 4.28 section b-b

Figure 4.27 section

Figure 4.29 site plan

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4.7. MATERIALS USED

There are so many materials used in this building to mention some of them;

1. Hollow concrete block (HCB)

2. Marble
3. Glazing
4. Curtain walls
5. Metals(aluminums)
6. Ceramic tile
7. Chip wood ceiling
8. Gypsum

The building also has elevated water tank above the roof this will be good for contingency
purposes when there is no direct water. And the building has an open down with a glazing
roof for light
purpose.

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3
 CASE STUDY ON MIXED USE

REFERENCES

[1] N. d. o. p. a. environment, Apartmnet design guide, sydney , 2015.

[2] wikipidia, "wikihow," 12 21 1999. [Online]. Available:

www.wikipidia/mixedusedevelopment/guidlines. [Accessed 1 11 2022].

[3] livermore, Design guid lines mixed use, california: city of livermore, 2017.

[4] c. d. department, Mixed-use design guid lines, castle pine: departmnet of city castle pine,
april 2018.

[5] case study on mixed use ENSO, 2014.

[6] case study mixed-use development, 2017.

[7] d. adola, Interviewee, [Interview]. 6 11 2022.

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