Batangas State University

The National Engineering University

Pablo Borbon Main I, Rizal Avenue, Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines
College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences

MC100L: Microbiology and Physiology Laboratory

Laboratory Activity no. 3. Digestive System
Name: ____________________________ Date:___________
Section: ___________________________ Score:_____________

Activity 1.: General Histological Plan of the Alimentary Canal

1. The general anatomical features of the alimentary canal are listed below. Fill in the table to
complete the information.
Wall Layer Subdivision of Layers Major Functions
Mucosa

Submucosa NA

Muscularis externa

Serosa or adventitia NA

2. The anterior opening of the mouth, also called _________, is protected by the upper and
lower lips or the __________________.
3. How is the muscularis externa of the stomach modified?_____________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

4. How does this modification relate to the function of the stomach?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

5. What transition in epithelial type exists at the esophagus-stomach junction?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

6. How do the epithelia of these two organs relate to their specific functions?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
 Batangas State University
The National Engineering University
Pablo Borbon Main I, Rizal Avenue, Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines
College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences

7. Differentiate between the oropharynx and the laryngopharynx.

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
8. Match the items in column B with the descriptive statements in column A.

Column A
_________ 1. structure that suspends the small
intestine from the posterior body wall
_________ 2. fingerlike extensions of the
intestinal mucosa that increase the
surface area for absorption
_________ 3. large collections of lymphoid tissue Column B
found in the submucosa of the small
intestine a. anus
_________ 4. deep folds of the mucosa and b. appendix
submucosa that extend completely or c. circular folds
partially around the circumference of d. esophagus
the small intestine e. frenulum
_________ 5. mobile organ that manipulates food f. greater omentum
in the mouth and initiates swallowing g. hard palate
_________ 6. conduit for both air and food h. haustra
_________ 7. food passageway that has no i. ileocecal valve
digestive/absorptive function j. large intestine
_________ 8. folds of the gastric mucosa k. lesser omentum
_________ 9. pocketlike sacs of the large intestine l. mesentery
_________ 10. projections of the plasma m. microvilli
membrane of a mucosal epithelial cell n. oral vestibule
_________ 11. valve at the junction of the small o. Peyer’s patches
and large intestines p. pharynx
_________ 12. primary region of nutrient q. pyloric sphincter
absorption r. rugae
_________ 13. membrane securing the tongue to s. small intestine
the floor of the mouth t. soft palate
_________ 14. absorbs water and forms feces u. stomach
_________ 15. area between the teeth and v. tongue
lips/cheeks w. villi
_________ 16. wormlike sac that outpockets from
the cecum
_________ 17. initiates protein digestion
_________ 18. structure attached to the lesser
curvature of the stomach
_________ 19. covers most of the abdominal
organs like an apron
_________ 20. valve controlling food movement
from the stomach into the duodenum
_________ 21. posterosuperior boundary of the
oral cavity
_________ 22. region containing two sphincters
through which feces are expelled from
the body
_________ 23. bone-supported anterosuperior
boundary of the oral cavity
 Batangas State University
The National Engineering University
Pablo Borbon Main I, Rizal Avenue, Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines
College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences

9. Correctly identify all organs depicted in the diagram below:

10. You have studied the histologic structure of several organs in this laboratory. The stomach
and the duodenum are diagrammed below. Label the structures indicated by leader lines:
 Batangas State University
The National Engineering University
Pablo Borbon Main I, Rizal Avenue, Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines
College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences

Activity no. 2: Accessory Digestive Organs

11. Correctly label all structures provided with leader lines in the diagram of a molar below.
(Note: Some of the terms in the key for question 10 may be helpful in this task.)

12. Use the key to identify each tooth area described below.
_________ 1. Visible portion of the tooth
_________ 2. material covering the tooth root
_________ 3. hardest substance in the body
_________ 4. attaches the tooth to the tooth socket
_________ 5. portion of the tooth embedded in bone
_________ 6. forms the major portion of tooth structure; similar to bone
_________ 7. produces the dentin
_________ 8. site of blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics
_________ 9. narrow gap between the crown and the gum
Key:
a. cement d. enamel g. periodontal i. root
b. crown e. gingival sulcus ligament
c. dentin f. odontoblast h. pulp

13. Various types of glands form a part of the alimentary canal wall or duct their secretions into it.
Match the glands listed in column B with the function/locations described in column A.
Column A Column B
_________ 1. produce(s) mucus; found in the _________ 6. found in the mucosa of the small
submucosa of the small intestine intestine; produce(s) intestinal juice
_________ 2. produce(s) a product containing a. duodenal glands
amylase that begins starch breakdown in the b. gastric glands
mouth c. intestinal crypts
_________ 3. produce(s) many enzymes and an d. liver
alkaline fluid that is secreted into the duodenum e. pancreas
_________ 4. produce(s) bile that it secretes into f. salivary glands
the duodenum via the bile duct
_________ 5. produce(s) HCl and pepsinogen
 Batangas State University
The National Engineering University
Pablo Borbon Main I, Rizal Avenue, Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines
College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences

14. What are the three subdivisions of the small intestine?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
15. The liver is suspended from the anterior abdominal wall and diaphragm by which ligament?
__________________________________________________________________________
16. Name three structures that form a portal triad of the liver.____________________________,
_____________________________________, and _________________________________
17. Where would you expect to find the stellate macrophages of the liver?
__________________________________________________________________________
18. What is their function?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
19. Where does the submandibular duct open?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
20. Which duct, contained within the pancreas, will excrete pancreatic juices to the second part of
the duodenum?
_______________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
21. Pyloric stenosis is a type of gastric outlet obstruction caused by a narrowing of the pyloric
part of the stomach. It is most common in infants. Describe the clinical signs that you would
expect to see with this condition. ________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________
22. Surgical removal of the gallbladder is called a cholecystectomy. The presence of gallstones
that block any of the ducts that carry bile is the usual reason for the surgery. Explain why the
gallbladder is not an essential organ and predict possible dietary changes that a patient might
need to make post-cholecystectomy. _____________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
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