Activity #10

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Student’s Name _________________________ Date Performed ______________
Course/Year/Section _____________________ Date Submitted ______________
Instructor’s Name ________________________

I. Label the illustration below:

Central Vein

Hepatic cells/ Hepatocytes

Liver (x.s.)

Islet cells

Acinar cells

Pancreas (x.s.)
Median subrostal fossa

Upper lip fold

Orbital prominence

Eustachian tube

Tongue

Lower lip fold

Tuberculum prelinguale

Liver

Gallbladder

Mesogaster

Stomach

Large Intestine
 Spleen

II. Guide Questions:

1. Trace the pathway of food through the digestive tract.

mouth/oral cavity ---> pharynx ---->esophagus ----> stomach -----> small intestine ---->large intestine----->rectum----->cloaca
Primarily, the food enters into the mouth followed by chewing the food with the use of the maxillary teeth and tongue. The
tongue mixes the food with its saliva produced by the salivary glands. Afterwards, the mixed food enters into the pharynx
from the mouth, then passes to the esophagus then into the stomach. The bolus is now inside the stomach for digestion.
The bolus then enters into the small intestine for complete digestion process. After the process, it passes to the large
intestine for reabsorption. Lastly, feces will be formed and released through an opening called cloaca.

2. List down the accessory structures and glands associated to digestion

process. What is their role in digestion?
___________________________________________________________
The accessory organs associated to the digestion process of the frog are liver, gallbladder, and
___________________________________________________________
pancreas. The liver is a large, trilobed brownish organ and its role is to secrete bile that aids in
the digestion process of a frog. Moreover, the gallbladder is a greenish, spherical sac that stores
___________________________________________________________
the bile secreted by the liver. In addition, the pancreas, which is a yellowish gland, secretes its
___________________________________________________________
pancreatic juiceand enzymes and bicarbonates into the small intestine. These three organs are
the accessory organs because these store or provide secretion of fluids that helpin the chemical
___________________________________________________________
digestion of food.

3. Correlate the structural changes in each segment of the digestive tract with
the function.
The ___________________________________________________________
oral or buccal cavity is large and wide in order for the food to enter easily. It reaches the pharynx, where it receives
food___________________________________________________________
from the mouth, that leads into the esophagus which is a short distensible tube. The food then passes down into the
stomach that can be seen dorsal to the liver. The structures associated with the stomach are rugae, cardiac sphincter,
___________________________________________________________
pyloric sphincter, and mesogaster. These structures help regulate the flow of food into the small intestine. The small
intestine is composed of the duodenum, a short and straight segment, and ileum, a coiled structure that terminates into the
___________________________________________________________
large intestine. Its function is nutrient absorption. Another organ that belongs to the digestive tract is the large intestine, a
short___________________________________________________________
straight tube that includes cloaca, cloacal aperture, and mesorectum. This organ and rectum serve as a passageway
to the outside for digestive system.

4. Relate the histological appearance of the livers and pancreas with their
function.
The___________________________________________________________
liver contains abundant hepatic lobules separated by connective tissue partition or septa. These hepatic
lobules serve as the structural unit of the liver. There are also hepatocytes or hepatic cells in the liver that
___________________________________________________________
help function in the metabolism of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates. Moreover, spaces called hepatic
___________________________________________________________
sinusoids, central vein, and portal area which contains branches of the portal veins, hepatic arteries, and bile
ducts aid in the function of the liver which is to produce bile. On the other hand, the pancreas consists of
closely packed acini that help in the organ's exocrine function - to produce digestive enzymes. There are
also pancreatic islets that perform the endocrine function which is to produce hormones