Activity #8

THE SKELETAL SYSTEM OF TOAD

Student’s Name _________________________ Date Performed _____________

Course/Year/Section _____________________ Date Submitted _____________
Instructor’s Name ________________________

I. Label the following:

A. Compact Bone
Haversian Canal

Haversian System

Osteocyte/Lacuna

B. Spongy Bone

Trabeculae

Hematopoietic Tissue
C. Endoskeleton

Nasal

Sphenethmoid

Median Dorsal Suture / Frontoparietal

Squamosal

Prootic

Exoccipital

DORSAL VIEW

Premaxillary teeth

Maxilla

Palatine

Parasphenoid

Quadratojugal

Pterygoid

VENTRAL VIEW
 Fronto-parietal

Nasal

Squamosal

LATERAL VIEW

Mandible

Mento - meckelian

Dentary

Angulo-splenial

Hyoid Apparatus

Anterior Cornu/Alary processes

Body of the Hyoid

Posterior Cornua
Thyroid Process
Vertebral Column

Urostyle

Sacral vertebra

Neural spine

Atlas

Pectoral Girdle and Sternum

Episternum

Suprascapula

Omosternum

Clavicle

Glenoid fossa

Coracoid

Mesosternum

Xiphisternum
Pelvic Girdle

Ilium

Pubis
Acetabulum

Ischium

Bones of the Forelimb

Humerus

Radio-ulna

Ordinary Carpals

Metacarpals

Phalanges
Bones of the Hindlimb

Calcaneum/Fibulare

Femur

Tibio-fibula

Astralagus/Tibiale

Phalanges

II. Guide Questions:

1. Differentiate a compact bone from a spongy bone. Relate the structure with its
corresponding function.
_____________________________________________________________
Compact bone consists of closely packed osteons or haversian systems.
_____________________________________________________________
They are heavy and tough and is the main structure for support,
protection, and movement. Spongy bone consist of trabeculae.They are
_____________________________________________________________
light, spongy and soft in nature that forms the ends or epiphyses of long
_____________________________________________________________
bones.
2. Are the bones as solid and hard at the ends as in the middle of the shaft?
Explain.
_____________________________________________________________
The shaft walls are made of compact hard bone which makes it the thickest in the middle
_____________________________________________________________
and resistant to bending. The end of the shaft is the epiphysis which is a thin shell of
compact bone filled with a sponge-like structure. Hence, strength is a difference between
_____________________________________________________________
epiphysis and diaphysis. Therefore, the middle of the shaft is stronger between the ends
_____________________________________________________________

3. What unusual specializations are found in the frog skeleton? In what way
would the structure help in the survival of the animal?
_____________________________________________________________
Frog skeleton allows them to jump horizontally or vertically. Precise control over
_____________________________________________________________
their long hind legs allows the amphibians to achieve an “amazing” range of jump
angles, from near-horizontal to almost vertical. The knee joint also appeared to
_____________________________________________________________
be crucial in positioning the leg and determining the final take-off angle.
_____________________________________________________________