NH4OH traveled farther as it has a lower molecular weight.

1.8 52.6

A solid ammonium chloride will be formed upon the reaction of the two substances.

Molecular weight has an indirect relationship with the rate of diffusion. The higher the
molecular weight, the slower its rate of diffusion, and vice versa.

12 15
20

The potassium permanganate traveled farthest.

The lower the molecular weight, the faster its rate of diffusion as molecular weight is
indirectly proportional to rate of diffusion.

The potassium permanganate is used in this experiment as the diffusion of its

molecules are observed to determine the relationship between the temperature and
rate of diffusion. When put into water, dissolve, will spread out until it is about the
same. Its color can also help in determining the relationship between the two
variables.
level as it.
 The potassium permanganate that is in the beaker with the tap water that is heated
at 50 degrees Celsius after 30 mins diffused faster than the beaker with half full of
ice water.

Higher temperatures increase the energy and therefore the movement of the
molecules, increasing the rate of diffusion. Lower temperatures decrease the energy
of the molecules, thus decreasing the rate of diffusion.

The color change from transparent to blue, as I observed, happened in the

cellulose sac. The color change happened because the iodine was able to
diffuse into the tube with the starch.

From the results of this experiment, it is obvious that glucose and iodine (potassium
iodide) has smaller molecular size than starch. Because starch had larger molecular
size, the dialysis tubing was not permeable to it (it didn’t allow it to readily pass
through the pores of its membrane).
 4.0 g 4.0 g 0.00%

5.2 g 5.3 g 1.92%

5.4 g 17.39%
4.6 g

4.6 g 5.2 g 13.04%

4.4 g 3.5 g -20.45%

The higher the concentration of sucrose inside of the dialysis bag, the faster the rate
of water will travel into the bag. The rate of osmosis increases as the concentration
of sucrose inside the bag is higher. The rate of osmosis is directly proportional with
the concentration of sucrose.

The results show that the weight of the solution is increased as the distilled water is
placed in a hyperosmotic environment which is the concentration of the sucrose. The
water is absorbed by the molecules of the sucrose solution.
 The cellulose sac and dialysis sac is similar to the cell membrane as both have
selective permeability of certain molecules. The cellulose sac is the best example to
see the selective permeability mechanism of the cell membrane.

The shape of the cell will be lysed and it will also swell as it is placed in a hypotonic
solution.

The shape and of the remain the same as it is placed in an isotonic solution.

The shape will be shriveled and the shape will be decreased as it is placed in an isotonic
solution.

The solution that is hyperosmotic relative to the red bood cell is the
0.9% NaCl as the water diffuses inside the cell when the erythrocytes
is exposed to this solution. It also has a lower solute concentration.

The solution that is hypoosmotic relative to the red bood cell is the 5%
NaCl as the shape of the cell is shriveled when the erythrocytes is
exposed to this solution. It also has a higher solute concentration than
the red blood cells.

The solution that is isosmotic relative to the red bood cell is the distilled
water as the shape of the cell remains the same when the erythrocytes
is exposed to this solution. It also has the same concentration with the
distilled water.