Skeletal

System
MIDTERM WEEK 1 & 2
 Learning Objectives:
1.Enumerate the parts of the skeletal
system.
2.Identify the different functions of
Bones in the body.
3.Point out the different skeletal of the
body by doing blindfold.
Skeletal
System
MIDTERM WEEK 1 & 2
Functions of
the Skeletal
System
01. Movement
Skeletal system provides points of
attachment for muscles. Your legs
and arms move when the muscles
pull on the bones.

02. Support
The backbone is the main support
center for the upper body. It holds
your head up and protects your
spinal cord.
03. Protection
The bones of your skull protect
your brain. Your ribs protect your
lungs and heart from injury.

04. Makes Blood

Red and white blood cells are
formed by tissue called marrow,
which is in the center of the bone.
05. Storage
Bones store minerals, such
as calcium and phosphorus,
for use by the body
Two Major Parts of Skeletal System
01. Axial Skeleton
Central Core of the Body. It
includes the skull, spine, ribs
and sternum.

02. Appendicular Skeleton

Comprised of Upper and Lower
Extremities. It includes shoulder
girdle, Arms, Legs and Pelvis.
Four Basic Bone Shapes
1. Long- Arms, Legs, Fingers
2. Short- Wrist and Ankles
3. Flat- Skull and Sternum
4. Irregular- Spine
Bone Structure (4 Layers)
• Periosteum - Covers bones
• Compact Bone - Lies beneath the
periosteum
• Spongy Bone - Lies beneath the
Compact Bone
• Bone Marrow – Fills the gaps
between the spongy bone
Bone Structure (4 Layers)
Cranial Bones
Mandible & Maxilla
 Clavicle
• Clavicle (collar bone) (Collarbone)
holds the shoulder joint
away from the rest of the
upper body. Its thickness
is 11mm to 15mm.
 Scapula
►Scapula is located on
the back side of the
ribcage and helps
provide part of the
shoulder joint and
movement for the arms.
 Spinal Cord (Vertebral Column)
1. Cervical Region (neck
bones) - consists of 7
vertebrae bones
2. Thoracic Region (what the
ribs attach to) – consists of
12 vertebrae bones
3. Lumbar Region (the lower
part of the back) - consist of
5 bones
Sacrum & Coccyx
Sacrum - a shield-shaped bony
structure that is located at the
base of the lumbar vertebrae and
that is connected to the pelvis. 

Coccyx - a
small triangular bone at the
base of the spinal column in
humans and some apes.
Humerus (Upper Arm Bone)
 Radius & Ulna
►Radius on Top

►Ulna on Bottom
Carpals (Wrist Bones)
Metacarpals (Metacarpus)
Phalanges (Finger Bones)
Sternum (Breastbone)
 Is a partially T-
shaped vertical bone
that forms the
anterior portion of the
chest wall centrally.
Pelvis (Dancing Bone)
A basin-shaped
structure that
supports the spinal
column and
protects the
abdominal organs. 
Femur (Thigh Bone)

It's the longest,

strongest bone
in your body. 
Tibia and Fibula
are the two long bones
located in the lower leg.
The tibia is a larger
bone on the inside, and
the fibula is a smaller
bone on the outside.. 
 Tarsals
consist of seven
short bones
located at the
proximal region of
the foot. They are
arranged in proximal
and distal rows. 
 Metatarsals
 refer to the five
long bones
found in each
foot. They are
numbered I to V,
from medial to
lateral. 
 Phalanges
 are the bones
that make up
the fingers of
the hand and
the toes of the
foot.
 Calcaneus
is a large and
strong bone that
forms the back of
the foot and
transfers most of
the body weight
from the lower
extremity to the
ground. 
Joints of the Body
• Ball and Socket
Joint: Round end of
bone fitting snuggly
within another bone.
• Ex. Shoulder and Hip
Joints of the Body
• Hinge Joint:
Movement at joint in
one direction like a
door.
• Ex. Knee and Elbow
Joints of the Body
• Pivot Joint: Bone
resting atop another
bone permitting free
movement.
• Ex. Neck, Wrist and
Ankles
Joints of the Body
• Fixed Immovable: Joint
does not move
• Ex. Skull

• Gliding Joint: Bones

slipping over other bones
with a free-flowing
movement.
• Ex. Knuckles
Connectors of the Body
• Ligaments:
Connect
bone to bone
Connectors of the Body
• Tendon:
Attaches
muscles to
bones
Connectors of the Body
• Cartilage: It acts
as a cushion
between bones at
a joint and
protects the
bones.
 Bone
Injuries
 Fracture
a break, usually in a bone. If the broken
bone punctures the skin, it is called an
open or compound fracture. 
 Dislocation
is an injury in which the ends of your bones are forced
from their normal positions. The cause is usually trauma
resulting from a fall, an auto accident, or a collision during
contact or high-speed sports. 
 Sprain
is a stretching or tearing of ligaments — the
tough bands of fibrous tissue that connect two
bones together in your joints. 
 Strain
is an injury to a muscle or a tendon — the fibrous
tissue that connects muscles to bones. Minor injuries
may only overstretch a muscle or tendon, while more
severe injuries may involve partial or complete tears
in these tissues.
 Arthritis
inflammation or swelling of one or
more joints.
 Osteoporosis
is a disease that weakens bones to the point
where they break easily — most often, bones in the
hip, backbone (spine), and wrist. 
 Osteoporosis
a sideways curvature of the spine. Scoliosis can
occur in people with conditions such as cerebral palsy
and muscular dystrophy.
Keep your system working well
Remember to get enough calcium and exercise
everyday. Here are some things you should do:

• Exercise every day

• Eat all the right amount of servings
of each food group every day.
• Drink at least 3-4 glasses of milk a
day.
• Eat 1-2 vitamins a day. It will keep
your bones strong.
 Fun Amazing Facts
• There are 300 bones in your body when
you are a baby, but there are 206 bones
in your body when you are an adult
• Half of your bones are in your hands
and feet
• Girls stop growing at the age 16
• Boys stop growing at the age 18
• Your bones are made of bone marrow,
which come from red and white blood
cells.
 Fun Amazing Facts
• The longest bone in your body is
your femur.
• The smallest bone in your body is in
your ear.
• There are 360 joints in your body.
• There are 27 bones in your hand
and 26 in your feet.
• Your face has 14 bones in it.
• There are 3 bones in your pelvis
 Fun Amazing Facts
• Your leg is the fastest growing bone in
your body.
• There are a total of 22 bones in your
skull and 33 stacked vertebrae bones in
your spine.
• The hardest part of the body is the
jawbone.
• An adult’s rib cage has 24 bones.
• A giraffe has 7 neck vertebrae, the
same amount of bones as you have in
your neck. Its neck is just longer.
 ”
Thank you for
Listening!
Two Major Parts of Skeletal System

Mercury
Mercury is the closest planet
to the Sun and the smallest
one in the Solar System
Venus
Venus has a beautiful name,
but it’s terribly hot. Its
atmosphere is extremely
poisonous