Solution Test Math A/B, Unit 3, 5: Algebraic Methods; Graphs, Ch 6, 7, 8, 11

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Test: Algebraic Method, and Graphs; Mathematics Course A and B Fall 2008-Spring 2009 : MaABNVC08

Warning: There are more than one versions of the test.

Instructions Test period 9:25-11:45 for Part I and Part II as a whole. We recommend that you use at the most 30 minutes to work with Part I. You are not allowed to use calculator in the part I. Only after you hand in your solutions for part I you may use a calculator. Formula sheet, your personalised formula booklet, ruler and protractor. For most items a single answer is not enough. It is also expected that you write down what you do that you explain/motivate your reasoning that you draw any necessary illustrations. Try all of the problems. It can be relatively easy, even towards the end of the test, to receive some points for partial solutions. A positive evaluation can be given even for unfinished solutions. Problems 8, 9 and 10 are larger problem which may take up to 60 minutes to solve completely. It is important that you try to solve these problems. Notice the weight of problem 10. This problem includes most parts of math A and is designed for all levels. All students are required to try solving this problem. The maximum score is 43 points, 22 of it VG points and 4

Resources The test

Score and mark levels The maximum number of points you can receive for each solution is indicated after each problem. If a problem can give 2 Pass-points and 1 Pass with distinctionpoint this is written [2/1]. Some problems are marked with , which means that they more than other problems offer opportunities to show knowledge that can be related to the criteria for Pass with Special Distinction in Assessment Criteria 2000. Lower limit for the mark on the test G: Pass: 14 points VG: Pass with distinction: 30 points, at least 7 VG points MVG: Pass with special distinction: 35 points, at least 16 VG points You should also show the highest quality work in the -problems.

Only the marked problems in the box below will be graded.

P G VG G VG P G VG MVG G VG MVG 1 2 3 1 2 2 4a 2 8 1 2 4b 2 5 3 Sum 10 13 6a 1 6b 2 6c 1 7a 2 7b 7c Sum 1 1 11 9

9 10a 10b 10c 10d 10e 10f 1 4 2 2 2 1 2 3 3

Total Grade 21 22

Name: ________________

Student number: _______ NVC08; Sjdalsgymnasiet

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Solution Test Math A/B, Unit 3, 5: Algebraic Methods; Graphs, Ch 6, 7, 8, 11

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In each case, show how you arrived at your answer by clearly indicating all of the necessary steps, formula substitutions, diagrams, graphs, charts, etc.

Part I You are not allowed to use calculator in this part. Write your answer to the first part on this paper. Only after the submission of your solutions to the part one you may be allowed to use your calculator. You may start working with part II before submission of your solutions to part I.
Suggested Solution: (2 x 3) = (2 x ) 2(3)(2 x ) + 3 = 4 x 12 x + 9
2 2 2 2

1. Expand (2 x 3) .
2

[1/0]

2. Find the product of 3 x 7 , and 2 x + 9 . Suggested Solution: Answer: (3x 7 )(2 x + 9 ) = 6 x 2 + 13x 63

[2/0]

(3x 7 )(2 x + 9) = 3x(2 x + 9) 7(2 x + 9) = 6 x 2 + 27 x 14 x 63

3. If ay + c = d by , find y in terms of a, b, c, and d. Suggested Solution:

[2/0]

ay + c = d by ay + by = d c y (a + b ) = d c y =
4. (a) Factor completely 5 y 5 + 5 y 4 30 y 3 . (b) Solve 5 y + 5 y 30 y = 0 . Suggested Solution:
5 4 3

d c d c y= (a + b ) a+b
[0/2] [0/2]

5 y 5 + 5 y 4 30 y 3 = 5 y 3 y 2 + y 6 = 5 y 3 ( y + 3)( y 2) Think of two numbers a and b that: when multiplied together gives 6 . i.e.: a.b = 6 , one is positive the other negative when added together gives 1 . i.e.: a + b = 1 : The larger one is positive. a = 3 , b = 2 y1 = 0 5 4 3 3 5 y + 5 y 30 y = 0 5 y ( y + 3)( y 2 ) = 0 y + 3 = 0 y 2 = 3 y 2 = 0 y = 2 3 5. Simplify the expression as far as possible: x 2 10 x + 25 4 x 2 + 20 x 2 [0/3] 4x x 25 x 2 10 x + 25 4 x 2 + 20 x = x5 2 Suggested Solution: Answer: 4x x 25

y1 = 0 Answer: 5 y + 5 y 30 y = 5 y ( y + 3)( y 2) y + 3 = 0 y 2 = 3 y 2 = 0 y = 2 3
5 4 3 3

4 x ( x + 5) x 2 10 x + 25 4 x 2 + 20 x ( x 5) = x5 = 2 (x 5)(x + 5) 4x 4x x 25
2

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Solution Test Math A/B, Unit 3, 5: Algebraic Methods; Graphs, Ch 6, 7, 8, 11

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Part II
You may use your calculator in this part. Note that you should submit solutions to the part I before having access to your calculator. 6. If the endpoints of a diameter of a circle are A (2.0 cm, 1.0 cm ) and B (4 cm, 0 ) . Calculate the coordinates of the center of the circle. Calculate the area of the circle. Calculate the circumference of the circle. Suggested solution: 5 1 Answer: O 3, , d = AB = 5 cm , Area = cm 2 , C = 5 cm 4 2 your

[1/0] [1/0] [1/0]

Data: A (2, 1) and B (4, 0 ) , AB = d The coordinates of the center of the circle is the that of the midpoint of the diameter AB = d : 1 2 + 4 1+ 0 O , = O 3 cm, cm 2 2 2 The length of the diameter of the circle is:

d = AB =

(4 2)2 + (0 ( 1))2

= 2 2 + 12 = 5 cm
2 2

5 5 cm 2 = cm 2 The area of the circle is Area = r = 2 4 The circumference of the circle is: C = d = 5 cm

7. In the accompanying diagram, the width of the inner rectangle is represented by x and the length by 2 x 3 . The width of the outer rectangle is represented by x + 5 and the length by x + 7 . x+7 a) Express the area of the shaded region as a [0/2] trinomial in terms of x . b) If the perimeter of the outer rectangle is 44 cm , what is the value of x . [1/0] c) What is the area of the shaded region? [1/0] x x+5
Suggested Solution: a) Answer: The area of the shaded region Ashaded = x 2 + 15 x + 35
2x 3

Ashaded = ( x + 5)(x + 7 ) x(2 x 3) = x 2 + 12 x + 35 2 x 2 + 3 x = x 2 + 15 x + 35

b)

c)

Answer: x = 5 cm . Pshaded = 2( x + 5) + 2( x + 7 ) = 44 cm 2 x + 10 + 2 x + 14 = 44 cm 4 x + 24 = 44 cm 20 4 x = 44 24 = 20 cm x = cm x = 5 cm 4 Answer: Ashaded = 85 cm 2 Ashaded = x 2 + 15 x + 35 = 5 2 + 15 5 + 35 = 85 cm 2

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Solution Test Math A/B, Unit 3, 5: Algebraic Methods; Graphs, Ch 6, 7, 8, 11

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8. Solve the equation

3x 1 x + 1 1 + = . 6x 4 3
1 , x2 = 2 3

[1/2/]

Suggested Solution: Answer: x1 =

3x 1 x + 1 1 + = 6x 4 3 LCD is 12 x . Multiply both sides by LCD, i.e. 12 x and simplify: 2 4 1 3x 1 3 x + 1 // // / // 12 x = 12 x + 12 x / / 6x 4 // 3

2 (3 x 1) + 3 x ( x + 1) = 4 x (1) 6 x 2 + 3x 2 + 3x = 4 x 2 + 3x 2 + 9 x 4 x = 0
1 1 1

3x 2 + 5 x 2 = 0 Solve the equation 3x 2 + 5 x 2 = 0 (3 x 1)( x + 2 ) = 0 Using Find two numbers a and b that when multiplied: ab = 2 . Due to the fact that the sum is positive a = 2 and b = 1 . Note that due to the fact that the coefficient of the quadratic factor is not one. The sum terms are more complicated and is no longer a + b = 5 1 3 x 1 = 0 3 x 1 = 0 3 x = 1 x1 = and x + 2 = 0 x2 = 2 3
p p Second Method: Using x + px + q = 0 x = q 2 2
2
2

5 2 5 5 2 3x + 5 x 2 = 0 x + x = 0 x = + 3 3 6 6 3
2
2

5 5 25 2 12 5 25 + 24 5 49 5 7 7 1 5 2 x1 = + + = + + = + = + = + = = 6 6 36 3 12 6 36 6 36 6 6 6 3 6 3 1 x1 = 3 5 5 7 12 5 2 x2 = + = = = 2 x2 = 2 6 6 6 6 6 3 Obviously the second method is more complicated and in most cases require a calculator. The first method, i.e. factoring method is simpler but mostly useful when the roots are integer. 1 1 3 1 +1 3x 1 x + 1 1 1 1 3 3 = + + = Check: Substitute x1 = in 1 6x 4 3 4 3 3 6 3 4 4 1 / / 1 1 3 1 = checks! + = 12 3 2 4 3 3x 1 x + 1 1 3 ( 2 ) 1 ( 2) + 1 1 + = = + Check: Substitute x2 = 2 in 6 ( 2) 4 3 6x 4 3 7 1 1 7 1 3 1 73 1 + = = = checks! 12 4 3 12 4 3 3 12 3
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Solution Test Math A/B, Unit 3, 5: Algebraic Methods; Graphs, Ch 6, 7, 8, 11

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9. A rectangular piece of cardboard is three times as long as it is wide. From each of its four corners a square piece of 7.0 cm on a side is cut out. The flaps at each corner are then turned up to form an open box. If the volume of the box is 4697 cm 3 , what were the original dimensions of the piece of cardboards? [1/2/] Suggested Solution: Answer: w = 25 cm ; l = 75 cm
Data: l = ? , w = ? ; If l = 3w , and V = 7 (l 14) (w 14) = 4697 cm 3 Divide both sides of the equation 7 (l 14) (w 14) = 4697 cm 3 by 7: (l 14) (w 14) = 4697 cm3 = 671 cm3 7 Using l = 3w : (3w 14) (w 14) = 671 cm3 3w (w 14) 14 (w 14) = 671

3w2 42w 14w + 196 = 671 3w2 56w 475 = 0 (3w + 19 )(w 25) = 0 w = 25 cm 19 Note that the non-physical answer of w = cm is rejected. 3 w = 25 cm and l = 3w l = 3 w = 3 25 cm = 75 cm l = 75 cm Note that to factorize 3w2 56w 475 = 0 , as (3w + a )(w + b ) = 0 and therefore to find w , we must look for two numbers a and b in such a way that their product is a b = 475 , and 3b + a = 56 . Due to the fact that a b = 475 is negative, one of the numbers, a is positive and the other number, b is negative. The search results in the prediction that a = 19 and b = 25 . Checking: a b = (19 )( 25) = 475 OK , and 3b + a = 3 ( 25) + 19 = 56 OK . Check: V = 7 (l 14) (w 14) = 7 (75 14) (25 14) = 4697 cm 3 QED Answer: w = 25 cm ; l = 75 cm

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Solution Test Math A/B, Unit 3, 5: Algebraic Methods; Graphs, Ch 6, 7, 8, 11

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10. The length of each side of the square ABCD is 10 cm . The square is divided to smaller figures by drawing lines from the middle point of a side to the opposite vertices of it as illustrated below. The coordinates of the vertices of the are A(0, 0 ) , B(10, 0 ) , C (10, 10 ) , and D(0, 10 ) . a. Find equations of the lines AF and BE . [4/0] b. Find analytically the coordinates of the intersection of the lines AF and BE (just reading from the figure is not accepted). [2/0] c. Show analytically that the line AF is perpendicular to BE . [0/1] d. Prove that the area of the triangle AGB is four times the area of the triangle AGE . [2/2] e. Find the area of the triangle BGF . [0/3/] f. Prove that the results obtained above are correct using an independent and generalized method of calculating the area of the triangle BGF if the [0/3/] length of each side of the square is 2a cm .

The coordinates of the midpoints of AD and DC are E (0, 5) , and F (5, 10 ) respectively: 0 + 0 0 + 10 A(0, 0 ) , D(0, 10 ) E , = E (0, 5) 2 2 10 + 0 10 + 10 C (10, 10 ) , D(0, 10 ) F , = F (5, 10 ) 2 2 a. The equation of the line AF is: y = 2 x y y A 10 0 A(0, 0 ) , F (5, 10 ) k AF = F = = 2 , m = 0 y = 2x 50 xF x A

Suggested Solution: Answer: Data: A(0, 0 ) , B(10, 0 ) , C (10, 10 ) , D(0, 10 ) , E (0, 5) , and F (5, 10 )

[2/0]

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Solution Test Math A/B, Unit 3, 5: Algebraic Methods; Graphs, Ch 6, 7, 8, 11

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1 The equation of the line BE is y = x + 5 . 2 y yB 50 5 1 B(10, 0 ) , E (0, 5) k BE = E = = = , m=5 x E x B 0 10 10 2

b.

[2/0]

1 y = x+5 2

The coordinates of G , the intersection of the lines AF and BE are x = 2, y = 4 , i.e. G (2, 4 ) as illustrated in the figure. [2/0]

c. d.

y = 2x 1 1 2 x = x + 5 2 x + x = 5 2.5 x = 5 x = 2 y = 2 x = 2 2 = 4 1 2 2 y = 2 x + 5 1 k AF k BE = 2 = 1 implies that AF is perpendicular to the BE . [0/1] 2 Due to the fact that BG = 4 EG , the area of the triangle AGB is four times the area of the triangle AGE . [0/1] B(10, 0 ) , G (2, 4 ) and E (0, 5)
BG =

(xG xB )2 + ( yG y B )2

(2 10)2 + (4 0)2

= 8 2 + 4 2 = 64 + 16 = 80 cm

EG =

(xG xE )2 + ( yG y E )2

(2 0)2 + (4 5)2

= 4 + 1 = 5 cm

[2/0]

e.

The area of the triangle AGB is four times that of AGE . This is due to the fact that they both share the same height AG and the base of AGB is four times that of the base of AGE : [0/1] BG = 80 cm = 16 5 cm = 4 5 cm = 4 EG 2 The area of the triangle BGF is: ABGF = 30 cm [0/3/]
B (10, 0 ) , G (2, 4 ) and F (5, 10 )
BG = FG =

(xG xB )2 + ( yG y B )2
(xG xF )2 + ( yG y F )2

= =

(2 10)2 + (4 0)2
(2 5)2 + (4 10)2

= 8 2 + 4 2 = 64 + 16 = 80 cm

= 32 + 6 2 = 9 + 36 = 45 cm

f.

Area of BGF is: 1 1 1 1 16 5 9 5 = 4 5 3 5 = 6 5 = 30 cm 2 80 45 = ABGF = BG FG = 2 2 2 2 If the length of each side of the square is 2a cm , the area of the 6 6 6 triangle BGF is ABGF = a 2 and ABGF = a 2 = 5 2 = 30 cm 2 : [0/3/] 5 5 5 Using an independent geometrical method:

( )( )

Lets h AG and BE =

(2a )2 + a 2

= 4a 2 + a 2 = 5a 2 = 5 a

The area of the triangle EAB can be calculated two independent 2a 1 1 2 5 5 a h h = way: (2a ) (a ) = h= a / / / / 2 2 5 5 4 In the triangle AGB , BG = a: 5

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Solution Test Math A/B, Unit 3, 5: Algebraic Methods; Graphs, Ch 6, 7, 8, 11

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2a 4a 2 20a 2 4a 2 16a 2 4 2 BG = (2a ) h = 4a = = = a = 4a 5 5 5 5 5 4 The area of EAB is therefore: AAGB = a 2 : 5 / 1 1 4 2 4 2 AAGB = BG h = a a= a / 2 2 5 5 5 4 10 4 2 6 2 1 / a = a ABGF = AAFB AAGB = (2a ) (2a ) AAGB = 2a 2 a 2 = / 5 5 5 2 6 2 ABGF = a 5 6 6 If 2a = 10 cm , a = 5 cm , and ABGF = a 2 = 5 2 = 30 cm 2 QED 5 5
2 2 2

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