Fig 70, Westen Vetoriarqgional sale seucurs and stagraphy with geological section (tex Cayley wd Taya 1958),SGTSG Fel Guide No.5, The Great Southam Transect a2 Preamble to Stawell Zone “The Stawell Zone (Fig. 70) represents te westernmost prt ofthe Lachlan Fold Belt, ttough oer workers Reve placed parts of this zone within the Delamerian Foe Bel (ef sos crak, 1982; Glen, 1992), Cayley (1995) recognised two distin faces in the ERT Zone dha belong Yo. the St Artaud Group: a siltstone facies west of the pee ans Fault Zone and a sandstone facies between the Landsborough aud Aves Fat Zan Te Sear hover, > fb, ete ad Fitocand rosacea rch, Castlemaine Supergroup (Cas and VandenBesg, 1988; VrandenBorg and Gray, 1992), Eee eo Arca, te ature of the Lachlan Fold Belt changes markedly sross tbe west duing Coonyor Fault (Fig. 70). Te repion between the Coongee Fault and the Teepe, Soyeon Faul. Ski further west is characterized by fundamental changes BRRRRital metamorphic, and geophysical character. Cayley and Taylor (1998) Believe rei aea “represents te exposed midis levels ofthe Lachlan Fold Belt being (ta deacon ove the Adelie Fold Belt te west. Approaching the Moyson Frm he as successively lower siragrapic levels of polyeformed v.cnie and aa ey racks sce exposed arose numerous, large, closely spaced, subpanlel west- ser eetpoing thus fats (Wilson etl, 1993), The metamorphic grade ropressvely aan ein ow rechschis facies adjacent to the Coongee Faulk to amphibolit facies in era eval of tie Moyston Fault The overall eaveloping surface ofthis region is Peigee OY Wilson et (1090 to dip moderately othe east reflecting the geomey of the eletfsing Moyston Fault. Metamoyphic condions in some ofthe lowest exposed levels five Deen calegted at 320-650" Cand 300-500 MPa (Rode, 1977), and Cond tee Pies (Radejhovic, 1989), The voleanics progresively aller to bormbende-gamet- erp is oe sie cies ane cus gemini 4, Ceimed schist ‘Eaey and Taylor (1996; 1998) have identified the Moyston Fault as the boundary eto the Lichan Fold Bet tothe east and the Adelaide Fold Bet the west, The fault petites othe eat ofthe Grampians as a major eas-dipping structure, The oder rocks GRE Se rafomed to the Glenelg Zone io westera Victoria and have afinty with a es at rlan Adelaide Fold Bele To the est Lachlan Fold Belt rocks fom atleast J etal Tevels have been emplaced upwards and westwards onto the Glenelg Zove “Hong the Moysion Fault (Cayley 1995; Cayley and Taylor 1996; 1998) "the Moyeion Fault sharply delineates the western limit of the Victorian goldfields “Vieeti'sogest producing goldfields Stawell s located few kin to the east and the Moreton Fat is fell eralized, with significant historical Av production wt Moyston No Gpaltcant gold mineralization occrs in the Glenelg Zone to the west, Tie Gknels Sosa teers by the Ondovilan to Silurian Grampians Group, which outrops 25 & Soe ragged ake ranges. On srutur, sedimentoloial an temporal he Taland- Teast belt ofthe Grampians is regarded as structural cutie of the {Extn Fold Bele (Cayley and Taylor, 19971998). Tie prinile dscraniating dffercce between the westem Lachlan Fold Belt and the casa Ades Fold Belt (Glenelg Zone is the age of regional deformation, The Glenelg Fac was reponaly deformed during the Delametan deformation inthe Mile to Late Fa ran S18 S00 Ma) and i intaded by pose-lectonic granites of Late Cambrian age” lun Bh Crk range GoSe8 MU, Sa Sri lt eh Hee G68) hue westem, Lachlan Fold Belt is comprised of Cambran oceanic Palais oven by extensive Cambrian to Late Ordovieian quar-rich tubidtes derived Homihe dafonned fightands of the Adelaide Fold Bel (VandenBerg and Stewart, 1992), ‘Farge of the tides the deformation ofthe Grampians Group and poston 400PHU SSGTSG Fie Gulde No.5; The Gres Southern Trane 3 ‘Ma inusions bracket the age of the deformation inthe westem Lachlan Fold Belt as Latest, (Ordovician to Silurian (~440~430 Ma)-sinificntly younger than the Adelade Fold Bet "The Swell Zone has northwest-tending structural pain (Fig. 7a) and i dominated by west vergent folds and faults, although around Stawell both eas and weae- dipping faults ‘occur about the Magdala Antiorm (Fi. 710). Wilson and Watchom (1988) and Wilson et Al (1992) have argued for greater strctral complexity in this zone relative to the rest of the westem Lachlan Fold Belt "North of the Stawell Granite (407 =7 Ma, Ar-Ar hornblende; 413 = 3 Ma, Shrimp U- PP, Ame et al, 1996) there is a minealisd high stain zone known as he Magda Shear ove within the StavellArarat Fault Zope sem. This fault zone system places strongly ‘renulied modstones and sandstones (Mine Schist, Stawell Mine) over stengly deformed Ietaoleanies hole basalts of the Foorwall Voleaics, Stawell Mine) (2.8, Watchora and Wilson, 1989, Wilson etal 1992). Sliver. of NEwipping. highly deformed ‘Sedimentary units within the metavolcanics "Waterloo” structures) suggest “dypexing” ‘within the metvolcaies (Watchoen and Wilson, 1989), with the "Magda AaGlorn” as part of an anuormal sack. Sunilar high stain zones and metaveleanic units that re Ideraely to stoagly deformed with XZ. stains Detwesn 3:1 and 10:1 ‘Wilson etal 1992, table 3), and witha generalised stain of X'V-Z of 49:.2:1 (Wilsos etal, 1992) fig, 12) are recognised south ofthe Stawell granite. Recrystalised feldspar porphjoctss tals (Mi Ararat Voleanes) and asymmetric pinch and swell structures in eal? quar veins (Carol's Cuting) indicate a westover-east sense of shear associated. vith this ely ‘efermation (3 Wilson etl, 1992). Stop 6-5: Stawell-Ararat Fault Zone Copes Cutting, 15k west of Ararat onthe Moyston-Ararat Road. (Figs. 70,71) ‘The road cating is within les deformed pst of the Stawell-Ararat Fault Zone and shows # northwest-trending, steeply west-lipping sequence of interbedded sandstones and ‘mudstones. Top to the ast see, asymmetric mesoscopic folds ste common in the exposure (Fig 72a), Axial surfaces to these folds are nortvnontwest ending but steeply fastdipping (Fig. 72c) and ae defined by erenulason cleavage in the pele layer, Sandstones have a stong'89 full fabric which is cleely folded by tese dominant ‘symmetric folds (see Wilson tal, 1992, fig. 7e). At least two sets of fold are associated With stbtirizonal northwest trending fold axes and probably represent caunal refolding vents inthe high strain zone (Figs. 72, c, e). 83 clewvages have gente to seep dips ‘through the fat zone (Wilson etal, 1992, p. 111), but a this locality have moderate eas- dips Fig. 720) Stop 6-6: Moyston Fault 1.5 ow south of Moyston at junction of Lennox Spring Road and Wilde Lane High grade metamosphics ovedie the low-grade Glen Thompson Beds. They are sted along asoutheas dipping aul (dip 38"). Cayley and Tayler (1988) believe that {hbite boundary betecen the Lacan Fold Bel othe ast and he Ada Fld BeloFig. 71. Geological Map showing loan of Geological sxions in he Stawell Zone node from Wilson etl. 1992).15 =e ME ae ONO Ht posterne 1b WEST oF unpssonovan ‘¢ oannows cura on scat SEP GB ne a +o Me ESL] lee Soho dcxer oF ananar “koa aac wmaygpiderptimes SY Aw Fig, 72. Shethes ofkay exposures adjacentto Art (om Wasen et 1952) (8) Cpes Hl (©) Stuctura syle in tubes west of Landboraigh (0) Fading. in the highly stained voles recognised in Carl's Cuting and on Mount Ararat. (@) Fold in tbs east of ‘Ara, in vay cating,SGTEC Feld Guide No.5; The Great Souther Tanset 1 16 ‘The Grampians—A Lachlan Fold Belt outlier Until 1995 the Grampians were interpreted asa thick, conformable fui to shallow marine Sequence deposited in, passive basin seling, Structural and nholescal mapping [GWllon eta 1992; Cayley and Taplon, 1996: 1997) has recognized aumecous bedng-paralel ‘Gras fas, The thrsts(Cayley and Taylor, 1997) are folded about large scale folds, and the ‘whole compicn'stncated at depth by 2 low angle dcollement which gives the Grampians an tlloctthonous relaonsip to the older Glenelg Zoe bedrock beneath, "The Grampians is characterized by numerous bedding-paralel thrust fats that repeat of te stratigraphy. Although general dificult to observe, thrust fails are obvious Thvengi the sequence 40 that beading is tuncatel and beds of “ffereat dip ar juntaposed. Where exposed, the faults are natow zones of tens fractre ‘etworks ahd bres anging ftom one to several metes wide. Stain i peerally very strongly ed nt dteete zones, such as a ramifying network of caaclse gouge and thin sub [arallel sickensded faults The fas ae often inruded by slike felsic dykes lated 1 Early Bevonian posttectonic granites “The restored rian (Cayley and Taylor, 1997:1998) consists of a lower quartzose fetspathic to micaceous sandstone package (Red Man Bluff Subgroup; 1900 m thick), aa ‘Stebening micaceous medtone dominated package Which repeseis an episode of rested ‘Scimentation(Siverband Formason; 750 m thick) and an upper, quartzose sandstone package ‘Gtount Ditheak Subgroup: 1050 m thi). The Grampians Group preserves evidence of favs acolian and shallow marin sedignenaion, consistent with «low flit, marginal marine ‘Mng, I was probably accumlstd in passive basins developed along the Adelaide Fold Bet ‘hari, tanaidnal othe genta Victorian turbid sequence accumulating in the cceanic seting tthe eat (rig 7) A Late Ordovician to ary Svan ge forthe Cramplane Grout ‘Suggested by fiir regional geological seting and history (Cayley and Tayler, 1997) ‘Glatsians Group appears to share the same deformation and intrusion history a the westem {ehtln Pod Belo marked absence of intemal sedimec reworking and lateral facies changes ‘pues again te development of the Grampians Group asa foreland besin( the accreting Wwestem Lachlan Fold Belt. "Causal shortening of te degree seen within the Grampians is not expressed in the Gtenelg Zone bench off the west, and is therefore inferred to be related to ths Lachlan Fold Sat The peomety ofthe east dipping Moyston Fant shows tat parts ofthe Lachlan Fold Belt frets empbced westwards ono the Glenelg Zone during regional deformation at about 440-430 Ma the Grampians Group sequence was probably shortened and thickened as was pushed Iwest across the Glenelg Zone a thinskinned fashion as pat of the emplaced Lachlan Fold Bett (hg. 73) (Cambrian-arly Silurian) ‘Onset of Lachlan Fold Belt Fig. 73. A concept sketch for he development ofthe thstig in he Grampa ater and Taylor, 197;1998) 7 i: Keeler!Peer eee eee STS Feld Guide No.5; The Grest Southam Transst 123, Wang, WH, and Davis, DM, 1956, Sandor mode! simulation of foeare evolution and onertcal wedges Joumalof Geophysical Research, 101, 1159-150. Watchorn, RB, and Wilson, CL 198, Stacturel sting of the gold mineralisation 3t ‘Sawel Vicor, Australa’ Economic Gelelgy Monographs, 6, 2305, Willman, CE. 1987, Siractural geology ofthe Bendigo, Castlemaine, Avos and fates and the relationship to gold-qartz minerlstin: Me thesis, Monk University, Matooume (pat) Willman, CE. 1988, Geology ofthe Spring Gully 110000 map ase, Bendigo Goldfield: Report ofthe Geol! Survey of Viton. 1988/85 Willman CE, Morand V3, Hendricks, MLA, VandenBerg A.H.MG, Haydon SJ and Carney C In prea Ome 1100000 map geological repr. Geli Survey of Vcr Report 118. ‘Wiln. CJ.L; Regional tting of Stawell Ararat. goldild i Jens, DIG. (ed) Centeal ‘Vieoran Gold Deposts, Bicentennial Gald'8, Excursion No.2 guide Dept Geo. and Univ cexenson, Univer of Western Austra, Pub No 13, 60 CLs and de Hedowvile P, 1985 ary canvage development in the Late Ordovician of norveat Victoria, Australia Joumal Siracturl, Geology, 7, 401-08. Wikon, Ch, Has, UD. and Richards, Ai, 1962 Sicture of the Mallacota ares, Vitor Jounal Geological Society Austral, 2, 91-105 Wilton C}. Ly and Wathorn, e198, Stel zone, br Douglas JG. and Regan JA. (ds), ‘Geology of Vewora (Sao Eaton) Vitoran Division Geological Society of Australia, Mabou. 710 ition CHL, Will, TM, Cayley, RA, and Chen, 5, 1982, Geologi feamework, tectonic voluon in waste Vora stall’ Tectonophysics, 214, 93127 Wohl, KE. and Eiwards, J, 1097, Proiminary Held map of Heathcote 150000 geological "map. Goololeal Survey of Veta. Unpub) ‘Yang and Gray, DI 1994, Stain, cleavage and microstructure valli’ in sandstone implications for sf layer behaviour in evo folding, Journal of Structural Gslgy, 16, 1.368, Yourg G Gand Laurie JR. 1996 An Australian Phanesozote Timescale, Oxf Universiyy Pry, Melbourne Zen, EA, 198, Cusal magma generaon and low-pressure high-temperature regional ‘metamcrphiem in an extroiona vironment posible spcatin fo the Lacan Fold Bell “America Journal of Slee, 25, 881975, APPENDIX Order of road maps from Mallacoota to Halls Gap |Maps mie fom VICROADS ~ County Steet Directory of Vivo, third Eto SOARd ede eee eee eRe : : ; CoRR | || STRAIT PREAU RRA RRER ERR deaee Ges eeMap 59