NCM 112A - MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING

Answers to Cliff- hanging questions

GASPAR, Vallerie Nicole A. September 7, 2023

BSN- 3E

COURSERA 3.1
1. How does gender contribute to heart disease? Who are more prone to heart attacks, heart failure
and peripheral vascular disease?

Several studies argued that biological sex contribute in cardiac functioning and occurrence of cardiac
disease as women usually

2. What is the difference between jaundice and xanthelasma?

Jaundice refers to the yellow discoloration of the skin and mucous membrane due to accumulation of bile
pigments in blood and their deposition in body tissues. It is clearly evident on the skin, sclera, mouth, and
mucous membranes. On the other hand, xanthelasma, a type of xanthoma (irregular patch or nodule on
the skin caused by deposition of lipids), is a yellow bump on or near the eyelids usually caused by
cholesterol or lipid deposits that build uo under the skin of eyelids.

https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-xanthelasma

https://www.msdmanuals.com/home/liver-and-gallbladder-disorders/manifestations-of-liver-
disease/jaundice-in-adults

Care of Clients with Problems in Oxygenation, Fluid & Electrolyte, Infectious, VNG- 3E
Inflammatory and Immunologic Response, Cellular Aberrations (Acute and Chronic) BULSU CON 2025
NCM 112A - MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING
Answers to Cliff- hanging questions

3. What are the different level of electrolytes?

Electrolytes are chemical compounds in the form of minerals that carry an electrical charge when
dissolved in water, necessary to regulate pH level of the body, balance the quantity of water that is
present in the body, and assist with the flow of fluid between the body's cells. Here are some of the
main electrolyte in the body and their normal level:

4. Why should a client be on NPO for 10-12 hrs before conducting test for cholesterol? Should NPO be
on daytime or nighttime?
5. Which among LDL and HDL is considered good cholesterol and bad cholesterol? What makes them
good, what makes them bad?
6. Why should the client turn slightly left during echocardiography?
7. Is ECG possible for individuals without extremities?
8. Why is breastfeeding not allowed 1-2 days post-cardiac catheterization?

Care of Clients with Problems in Oxygenation, Fluid & Electrolyte, Infectious, VNG- 3E
Inflammatory and Immunologic Response, Cellular Aberrations (Acute and Chronic) BULSU CON 2025