FRANCIS BACON

Francis Bacon, the first major English essayist, comments forcefully in Of Studies on the value of reading,
writing, and learning.

The Life of Francis Bacon

Francis Bacon is considered a Renaissance man. He worked as a lawyer and scientist throughout his life
(1561-1626.)
Bacon's most valuable work surrounded philosophical and Aristotelian concepts that supported the
scientific method. Bacon served as an attorney general as well as lord chancellor of England and received
his education from several universities including Trinity College and the University of Cambridge.

 Bacon wrote over 50 essays beginning with "Of" in the title and following the concept, such as Of
Truth, Of Atheism and Of Discourse.
 Of Truth / Of Death / Of Unity in Religions / Of Revenge / Of Adversity
 Of Simulation and Dissimulation / Of Parents and Children / Of Marriage and Single Life
 Of Envy / Of Love / Of Great Place / Of Boldness / Of Goodness / Of Nobility
 Of Seditions and Troubles / Of Atheism / Of Superstition / Of Travel / Of Empire / Of Counsel / Of Delays
 Of Cunning / Of Wisdom for a Man's Self / Of Innovations / Of Dispatch / Of Seeming Wise / Of Friendship
 Of Expense / Of the True Greatness of Kingdoms and Estates / Of Regiment of Health / Of Suspicion

Bacon Facts

Bacon's uncle was the lord keeper for Queen Elizabeth I. He helped symbolize the approvals for key
documents. Additionally:
 Bacon is known as the father of the scientific method which was influenced by his own Baconian
method based on reason and observation.
 There are rumors that Bacon was mostly attracted to men, due to his late marriage in life, among
other theories.

THE ESSAYS

 One of the major political figures of his time, Sir Francis Bacon (1561-1626) served in the court of
Elizabeth I and ultimately became Lord Chancellor under James I in 1617. A scholar, wit, lawyer and
statesman, he wrote widely on politics, philosophy and science - declaring early in his career that 'I
have taken all knowledge as my province'. In this, his most famous work, he considers a diverse
range of subjects, such as death and marriage, ambition and atheism, in prose that is vibrant and
rich in Renaissance learning. Bacon believed that rhetoric - the force of eloquence and persuasion -
could lead the mind to the pure light of reason, and his own rhetorical genius is nowhere better
expressed than in these vivid essays.

Writing Style
Francis Bacon, in writing, made use of metaphors, analogies, and vivid imagery. Furthermore, he was a
rhetorical professional writer. Also, the essays of Francis Bacon highlight his incisive mind and his wisdom.

The release of the first book of Francis Bacon took place in 1597. Afterwards, there was the release of later
editions with additional essays whose release took place in 1612 and 1625.
 Francis Bacon made use of a wide range of styles of writing for his essays. His essays cover topics
from both public and private life.

Significance of Francis Bacon Essays

Most noteworthy, the reason why his statements are meaningful is that they go straight to the point without
any unnecessary details.

The brevity of his ideas makes possible an efficient communication of his arguments. This was certainly
significant at the time because it was difficult to attain meaningful education. Therefore, Francis Bacon
essays were useful in spreading the notion of solid and meaningful education, which would eventually prove
useful during the Scientific Revolution.
Conclusion of Francis Bacon Essays
Francis Bacon essays still hold a notable place among the English language intelligentsia of the current
times. Furthermore, his essays are taught by English language experts and teachers in various academic
circles. Francis Bacon will always remain a major figure in the field of English language and grammar.
FAQs For Francis Bacon Essays
Question 1: Explain the writing style of Francis Bacon?
Answer 1: The writing style of Francis Bacon revolves around the usage of metaphors, analogies, and vivid
imagery. Furthermore, the man is not restricted to one strict writing style but rather writes in a wide range
of styles. Moreover, his writing styles range from the plain and unadorned style to the epigrammatic style.
Question 2: Explain the relevance of wit in Francis Bacon essays?
Answer 2: Francis Bacon essays are characterized by the use of wit. Furthermore, Bacon makes use of wit as
a way of clearly explaining his point to his audience. Moreover, the result of this is that the reader tends to
reflect on his or her own beliefs and values.
Summary (OF STUDIES)
Highlighting the importance of studies, Bacon’s essay illustrates the role studies play in an individual’s daily
life. For Bacon, the study is always related to the application of knowledge in practical life.
At the beginning of his essay, Bacon describes the three main purposes of study including studying for
gaining delight, studies done for ornamenting one’s life and studying in order to improve one’s ability.
The author is the notion that only learned and well-read men can execute plans effectively, manage their
daily affairs with expertise and lead a healthy and stable life. He further states that reading makes a full
man; conference leads to a ready man while writing makes an exact man.
Bacon's essay expresses several comments in Of Studies that can be interpreted as the following:
 Studying is helpful for better understanding and provides a knowledge that develops experience, as
well as a character that grows.
 Reading provides delight and fun, ornament and showing off, and the ability for success.
 Bacon expanded upon different fields of study depending on one's goal; for example, to master
clarity with language, study poetry.

While throwing light on the advantages and usefulness of studies, Bacon also puts forward some demerits of
study as he thinks that studying for a prolonged period of time may lead to laziness.
 He also condemns the act of studying from books solely without learning from nature around. The
essay Of Studies further asserts the benefits of studies by considering this act as a medicine for the
defects of the human mind and the source of enhancing one’s wit.
 While discussing the importance of studying in an individual’s life, the essayist informs his readers
about the benefits of reading good books.
 For Bacon, some books are only meant to be tasted; others are there to swallow while some books
are meant for chewing and digesting properly. Therefore, the readers must choose wisely before
studying any book to enhance his/her knowledge about the world around.
 Bacon concludes his essay by suggesting that studies assist an individual in removing the defects of
his/her mind as every problem of the human mind carries special importance for the individual and
the world.
Conclusion
Bacon’s essay Of Studies deals with the benefits of studies for the individuals in their daily lives. From
reading books to writing papers, study plays a vital role in a man’s life making him learned, witty and
experienced.
The essay by Bacon is enriched with intellectual wisdom, pragmatic approach and practical knowledge;
therefore, it is considered to be the most beneficial essay for the students and young individuals.
Of Marriage and Single Life is an essay written by Sir Francis Bacon, a popular English
philosopher and statesman. In “Of Marriage and Single Life”, Bacon has compared and
contrasted the life of a married man with that of a single man, drawing a contrast between
the two by highligting he merits and demerits of the institution of marriage as it prevailed in
the society. First published in 1612, as a part of “ Essayes: Religious Meditations. Places of
Perswasion and Disswasion. Seene and Allowed.”, this essay presents Bacon’s views and
opinions on marriage and singlehood along with arguments and theories to support them.
Famous for his prose and credited with inventing the essay form, Bacon sought these essays
as a medium to express his philosophy on topics inspired by both public and private life of
man. His style is quite argumentative and he rationalises each thought with ample
justifications and logics.

Of Marriage and Single Life | Francis Bacon | Summary

In this essay Bacon speaks about the differences that mark a married man from a single one and the advantages and
disadvantages of a married or single life. A man who is married and has wife and children is unable to risk his money
for noble purposes. They are obstacles to any endeavour either good or bad. The best works which are the best for
the public have often come from unmarried men. These are the men who have “married” the public, that is, devoted
their lives entirely to a public cause. Men who have children care a great deal about the future and make various
important pledges and promises regarding the future. However there are also some single men who think only about
themselves and they too account for the future. Some people consider wives and children as items of expense. Some
foolish and greedy men take pride in having no children. They believe that they will remain richer if they do not have
any children because they might have heard people say that so and so is a great, rich man but he has the burden of
children suggesting that children are a hindrance on the growth of fortunes. However, most men choose to remain
single for the sake of liberty that a single life allows. These people think of marriage as imprisonment.

Bacon enlists the positive and negative qualities of a single man. Unmarried men make the best friends, the best
masters, and the best servants. But they do not make the best citizens as they have so great a sense of freedom that
they tend to run away from responsibilities. The single life is better suited for a clergyman because he can be more
charitable as he does not have any needs to satisfy. For judges and magistrates the situation is indifferent because if
they are corrupt it makes them servants who are worse than wives. For soldier it is often an emotional support to
think of wives and children before going into battle. That is why Bacon says that the dislike of marriage among the
Turks makes the vulgar soldiers even more so. Single men are often more charitable because they have less
expenses. But at the same time they also tend to be cruel and hard hearted as they do not have a wife or children to
invoke the tenderness within them.

A grave man with traditional beliefs is often a loving husband. Women are often proud of their chastity and a wife
will always remain chaste and obedient if she thinks that her husband is wise and not jealous. For a young man a
wife serves the purpose of a mistress, in the middle age she is a companion and to the old man she is a nurse.
Therefore a man can reasonably decide when he would like to get married. Bacon here quotes a philosopher and
mathematician who answered the question of when a man should marry and said – “a young man not yet, an elder
man not at all”.

Bacon observes that bad husbands often have good wives. He says that this may be because it makes the husband’s
kindness more valuable or because the wife takes pride in her patience in dealing with him. Bacon however says that
given the chance these bad husbands would make sure to correct their own mistake.
A man with a wife and family cannot be so adventurous, or take so many
chances, as an unmarried man. A hostage is a person given to another as a
pledge or security. ‘Hostages to fortune’ are persons or things that one may
lose. It means once you have a wife (or husband) and children or other people
depending on you, you can't go off on a reckless, great adventure.

The proverb comes from Francis Bacon’s essay, Of Marriage and Single Life: ‘He
that hath wife and children hath given hostages to fortune; for thay are
impediments to great enterprises, either of virtue or mischief.’

'To give hostages to fortune' is to accept responsibilities that may limit one's
freedom or to do something risky which may cause one trouble later. So the
whole statement, "He that hath wife and children hath given hostages to
fortune" goes against a married man. It says that a person who has wife and
children has invited trouble for himself The statement implies that wife and
children are impediments to success. They are obstacles to any great
enterprise in life. A married man may want to do anything great but he often
fails to do it because of the problems created by his wife and children. As a
married man has always to be obsessed with the responsibilities of his family,
he can hardly do anything for himself or for anybody else outside his family.

As he has to spend most of his time for the well-being of his family, he can
hardly make time to do anything great. Thus he cannot engage himself in any
great enterprise. This suggests that if anyone wants to attain anything great in
life, they should attain it before their marriage. It is very likely that after their
marriage all their roads to success will be blocked. If a student gets married in
his student life, his studies will be seriously affected by the responsibilities of
his married life. If a university teacher gets married early in his career, his
higher studies may often be impossible. Wife and children are often great
barriers to success. However, the statement is made from only a male
perspective. From a female perspective, it can be said that she that hath
husband and children hath given hostages to fortune. And if we consider the
statement from a neutral perspective, we can use the word 'spouse' in place of
'wife'.

PILGRIM’S PROGRESS

Christian soon meets a man named Evangelist who tells Christian that he must escape the
impending destruction, and that he must flee by passing through a gate, called the Wicket-
gate, in the distance. Taking Evangelist’s advice to heart, Christian runs eagerly toward
the gate, ignoring the cries of his family and neighbors, who think he’s crazy.

Before he can reach the Wicket-gate, though, Christian accidentally plunges into a muddy
bog called the Slough of Despond. Luckily, a man named Help pulls him out, explaining
that sinners’ doubts and fears accumulate here in the bog. As he continues on his journey
to the gate, Christian meets a gentleman named Worldly Wiseman who claims that
Evangelist’s advice will only lead Christian into trouble. Instead of worrying about what
the Bible says—the book Christian is carrying—Christian should go to the town of Morality
and get his burden removed by a fellow named Legality. Christian begins to heed this
advice, but his burden only grows heavier, and he fears being crushed by it entirely.
Thankfully, Evangelist finds him again and explains that Christian has been misled;
Legality cannot free Christian from his sins and would only trap him in heavier bondage.

When Christian finally arrives at the Wicket-gate, he knocks eagerly and identifies himself
as a poor sinner. He receives a warm welcome from a man named Good-will, who directs
Christian on the straight and narrow path to the place of Deliverance: the road that will
end at the Celestial City, or Heaven. Christian sets out on this highway, stopping at the
Interpreter’s House, where the Interpreter shows him a series of symbols of a Christian
believer’s journey through life. After this, Christian runs to the Cross, where, as Good-will
promised, he immediately loses his burden, which tumbles from his back and disappears
into a tomb. Three angels, called the Shining Ones, greet him. One of them hands Christian
a roll, or certificate, which he must hand in when he reaches the Celestial Gate. Christian
runs on joyfully. Despite briefly misplacing his roll and then having to pass roaring lions,
Christian soon arrives at a place called the Palace Beautiful, where he finds rest and
encouragement and is sent on his way with a sword.

Christian now enters the Valley of Humiliation, where he is confronted by a hideous fiend
named Apollyon. Apollyon tries to discourage Christian with reminders of his past sins, but
Christian declares he’s been pardoned by Christ, which infuriates Apollyon. After a long,
fierce combat, Christian wounds Apollyon with his sword. Then he enters a pitch-dark
realm called the Valley of the Shadow of Death, which contains an entrance to Hell. He is
heartened in his passage when he hears a fellow pilgrim, Faithful, praying in the distance.
The next morning, he catches up with Faithful and hears about his new friend’s pilgrimage.

Soon, Christian and Faithful enter the ancient town of Vanity, which boasts a huge Fair
selling every imaginable type of goods—including sinful ones. When the pilgrims draw
attention by their resistance of the Fair’s attractions, the people of Vanity persecute them,
and Faithful is cruelly executed. Christian escapes and is joined by a man named Hopeful,
who witnessed Faithful’s death and decided to seek the Celestial City himself.

Christian and Hopeful wander astray onto the grounds of a Giant named Despair, who
imprisons them in the filthy dungeon of his home, Doubting Castle. After being starved and
repeatedly beaten, Christian grows depressed, but Hopeful encourages him with reminders
of what they’ve overcome. When he resorts to prayer, Christian discovers a key which
releases him and Hopeful from the dungeon.

After a brief detour off the path, Christian and Hopeful reach the Enchanted Ground. The
air of the Enchanted Ground lulls people into a deadly sleep, so Christian asks Hopeful
about his conversion in order to keep them both awake. They also try to exhort a man
named Ignorance, who believes he’ll attain Heaven on the basis of his efforts and good
intentions.

Then Christian and Hopeful enter a peaceful land called Beulah, which borders the
Celestial City. To reach the City, they must cross the River of Death by the power of their
faith. Christian finds the crossing terrifying, and Hopeful must keep his friend’s head above
water. Once Christian begins to think of Jesus instead of his own sins, he suddenly finds
the crossing easy. The pilgrims hand in their certificates and are joyously welcomed into
the Celestial City, which gleams with gold and rings with music.

The second part of the book focuses on the pilgrimage of Christian’s wife, Christiana.
Though Christiana had earlier mocked and rejected her husband’s pilgrimage, his death
forces her to reconsider. After she receives a letter of invitation from Christ himself, she
gathers her four sons and tearfully repents of her unkindness to their father. With their
neighbor Mercy, the group sets out on their own pilgrimate. All are warmly received at the
Wicket-gate. After receiving instruction at the Interpreter’s House, they journey onward in
the company of a defender named Great-heart. When they reach the Cross, Christiana asks
Great-heart to explain the Christian doctrine of salvation in greater detail.

Christiana, Mercy, and the boys stay at the Porter’s Lodge at Palace Beautiful for a month.
While there, Mercy rejects a worldly suitor who doesn’t like her preoccupation with caring
for the poor. Also, Christiana’s son Matthew, who’d earlier eaten some stolen fruit along
the journey, grows sick and must take a purgative potion blended with tears of
repentance.

Rejoined by Great-heart as guide, the group sets off with their hosts’ blessings. They pass
through the Valley of Humiliation with ease, and in the Valley of the Shadow of Death,
Great-heart kills a giant on their behalf. Then an elderly pilgrim named Honest joins their
party.

Christiana’s group lodges for a while at an inn that belongs to a kindly man named Gaius.
After slaying another giant, the group also gains pilgrims named Feeble-mind and Ready-
to-halt. When they make their way to Vanity, they discover that pilgrims are no longer
harshly persecuted here as Christian and Faithful were. After a long stay with a good man
named Mnason, the pilgrims progress to Doubting Castle. Here, the men of the group kill
the giants and destroy the Castle once and for all, rescuing pilgrims named Dispondency
and Much-afraid in the process. Valiant-for-Truth, escaping robbers, and Stand-fast, fleeing
a witch’s temptation, accompany the group the rest of the way.

Christiana’s group—which has swelled in size, as the boys and Mercy are all married now—
reaches Beulah and settles on the outskirts of the Celestial City. Before long, Christian
summons Christiana to Heaven. Leaving each pilgrim with encouraging words, she crosses
the River and is joyfully led by angels to the Celestial Gate. One by one, each member of
her party (with the exception of her sons’ families) is summoned by Christ and makes his
or her way across the River to enter the rest and celebration in the heavenly City.
Meanwhile, Christian’s and Christiana’s offspring remain behind, resulting in the Church’s
flourishing.

Paradise Regained Summary and Study Guide

Thanks for exploring this SuperSummary Study Guide of “Paradise Regained” by John Milton. A modern
alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality study guides that feature
detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, quotes, and essay topics.
OVERVIEW
Paradise Regained by John Milton is an epic narrative poem that was initially published in 1671. A widely-
revered essayist, dramatist, and lyric poet, Milton is perhaps best known for Paradise Lost, an epic poem he
wrote in 1667. Whereas Paradise Lost depicts Lucifer’s fall from Heaven and Adam and Eve’s expulsion
from the Garden of Eden, Paradise Regained centers on the temptation of Christ, drawing on the Gospel of
Luke for its inspiration.
Milton’s 1671 epic tells the following story: after Jesus of Nazareth was baptized by John the Baptist, he
went into the desert, where he fasted for forty days and nights. During this fast, Satan came before Jesus
multiple times to lure him into temptation. First, Satan tried to sway the would-be savior with hedonism by
offering to satisfy his hunger. When that approach failed, Satan turned to trying to manipulate Jesus’ ego.
He failed yet again, and attempted to sway Jesus by offering him kingdoms and wealth. Once more, Jesus
turned Satan’s temptations away. Described as lust of eyes, lust of body, and pride of life, these temptations
are meant to debase Jesus’ mind, soul, and heart.
By studying the differences between Paradise Lost and Paradise Regained, one can learn much about
Milton’s distinctive mode of poetic composition. Both narratives are written in blank verse, or unrhymed
iambic pentameter. Made famous by William Shakespeare, iambic pentameter has enjoyed wide usage
because, of all the different types of meter, it most closely resembles the natural rhythm of English speech.
An iamb consists of a stressed syllable followed by an unstressed syllable. The term “pentameter” indicates
that there are five such pairs (“pent–” meaning “five”), for a total of ten syllables per line.
Both poems have an epic quality, although Paradise Regained is only about one-fifth the length of Paradise
Lost. (The latter has over 10,000 lines, whereas Paradise Regained has just over 2,000.) On account of this
difference, Paradise Regained has become known as a brief epic. Epic poems typically share a number of
features: an epic typically begins in medias res, or in the middle of the action, and usually takes place over a
large swath of geographic space, or in a vaster space—the universe. Epics typically involve an epic
invocation. The opening line of Homer’s Iliad, is often quoted as an example: “Sing, goddess, the anger of
Peleus’ son….” In terms of style and designation, epics are known for the use of epithets, which are repeated
descriptions. They can contain long lists or catalogues, as well as equally long speeches. Epics frequently
involve divine intervention and address its effect on human lives, as well as on heros who represent the
values of a particular society.
Understanding the differences between Milton’s two poems is as important as understanding their
similarities. Where Paradise Lost uses elegant language and style, Paradise Regained is often thought of as
more approachable, with a plainer style. Milton uses fewer similes in Regained than he does in Lost, a tactic
which makes the delivery more direct. With the main idea of Paradise Regained being to reverse the
damage done in Paradise Lost—that is, the expulsion from the Garden of Eden, or paradise—Regained is
filled with reversals.

Milton’s speaker begins Paradise Lost by stating that his subject will be Adam and Eve’s disobedience and
fall from grace. He invokes a heavenly muse and asks for help in relating his ambitious story and God’s plan
for humankind. The action begins with Satan and his fellow rebel angels who are found chained to a lake of
fire in Hell. They quickly free themselves and fly to land, where they discover minerals and construct
Pandemonium, which will be their meeting place. Inside Pandemonium, the rebel angels, who are now
devils, debate whether they should begin another war with God. Beezelbub suggests that they attempt to
corrupt God’s beloved new creation, humankind. Satan agrees, and volunteers to go himself. As he prepares
to leave Hell, he is met at the gates by his children, Sin and Death, who follow him and build a bridge
between Hell and Earth.

In Heaven, God orders the angels together for a council of their own. He tells them of Satan’s intentions, and the
Son volunteers himself to make the sacrifice for humankind. Meanwhile, Satan travels through Night and Chaos and
finds Earth. He disguises himself as a cherub to get past the Archangel Uriel, who stands guard at the sun. He tells
Uriel that he wishes to see and praise God’s glorious creation, and Uriel assents. Satan then lands on Earth and takes a
moment to reflect. Seeing the splendor of Paradise brings him pain rather than pleasure. He reaffirms his decision to
make evil his good, and continue to commit crimes against God. Satan leaps over Paradise’s wall, takes the form of a
cormorant (a large bird), and perches himself atop the Tree of Life. Looking down at Satan from his post, Uriel
notices the volatile emotions reflected in the face of this so-called cherub and warns the other angels that an impostor
is in their midst. The other angels agree to search the Garden for intruders.
Meanwhile, Adam and Eve tend the Garden, carefully obeying God’s supreme order not to eat from the Tree of
Knowledge. After a long day of work, they return to their bower and rest. There, Satan takes the form of a toad and
whispers into Eve’s ear. Gabriel, the angel set to guard Paradise, finds Satan there and orders him to leave. Satan
prepares to battle Gabriel, but God makes a sign appear in the sky—the golden scales of justice—and Satan scurries
away. Eve awakes and tells Adam about a dream she had, in which an angel tempted her to eat from the forbidden
tree. Worried about his creation, God sends Raphael down to Earth to teach Adam and Eve of the dangers they face
with Satan.
Raphael arrives on Earth and eats a meal with Adam and Eve. Raphael relates the story of Satan’s envy over the Son’s
appointment as God’s second-in-command. Satan gathered other angels together who were also angry to hear this
news, and together they plotted a war against God. Abdiel decides not to join Satan’s army and returns to God. The
angels then begin to fight, with Michael and Gabriel serving as co-leaders for Heaven’s army. The battle lasts two
days, when God sends the Son to end the war and deliver Satan and his rebel angels to Hell. Raphael tells Adam about
Satan’s evil motives to corrupt them, and warns Adam to watch out for Satan. Adam asks Raphael to tell him the story
of creation. Raphael tells Adam that God sent the Son into Chaos to create the universe. He created the earth and stars
and other planets. Curious, Adam asks Raphael about the movement of the stars and planets. Eve retires, allowing
Raphael and Adam to speak alone. Raphael promptly warns Adam about his seemingly unquenchable search for
knowledge. Raphael tells Adam that he will learn all he needs to know, and that any other knowledge is not meant for
humans to comprehend. Adam tells Raphael about his first memories, of waking up and wondering who he was, what
he was, and where he was. Adam says that God spoke to him and told him many things, including his order not to eat
from the Tree of Knowledge. After the story, Adam confesses to Raphael his intense physical attraction to Eve.
Raphael reminds Adam that he must love Eve more purely and spiritually. With this final bit of advice, Raphael leaves
Earth and returns to Heaven.
Eight days after his banishment, Satan returns to Paradise. After closely studying the animals of Paradise, he chooses
to take the form of the serpent. Meanwhile, Eve suggests to Adam that they work separately for awhile, so they can
get more work done. Adam is hesitant but then assents. Satan searches for Eve and is delighted to find her alone. In
the form of a serpent, he talks to Eve and compliments her on her beauty and godliness. She is amazed to find an
animal that can speak. She asks how he learned to speak, and he tells her that it was by eating from the Tree of
Knowledge. He tells Eve that God actually wants her and Adam to eat from the tree, and that his order is merely a test
of their courage. She is hesitant at first but then reaches for a fruit from the Tree of Knowledge and eats. She becomes
distraught and searches for Adam. Adam has been busy making a wreath of flowers for Eve. When Eve finds Adam,
he drops the wreath and is horrified to find that Eve has eaten from the forbidden tree. Knowing that she has fallen, he
decides that he would rather be fallen with her than remain pure and lose her. So he eats from the fruit as well. Adam
looks at Eve in a new way, and together they turn to lust.
God immediately knows of their disobedience. He tells the angels in Heaven that Adam and Eve must be punished,
but with a display of both justice and mercy. He sends the Son to give out the punishments. The Son first punishes the
serpent whose body Satan took, and condemns it never to walk upright again. Then the Son tells Adam and Eve that
they must now suffer pain and death. Eve and all women must suffer the pain of childbirth and must submit to their
husbands, and Adam and all men must hunt and grow their own food on a depleted Earth. Meanwhile, Satan returns to
Hell where he is greeted with cheers. He speaks to the devils in Pandemonium, and everyone believes that he has
beaten God. Sin and Death travel the bridge they built on their way to Earth. Shortly thereafter, the devils unwillingly
transform into snakes and try to reach fruit from imaginary trees that shrivel and turn to dust as they reach them.
God tells the angels to transform the Earth. After the fall, humankind must suffer hot and cold seasons instead of the
consistent temperatures before the fall. On Earth, Adam and Eve fear their approaching doom. They blame each other
for their disobedience and become increasingly angry at one another. In a fit of rage, Adam wonders why God ever
created Eve. Eve begs Adam not to abandon her. She tells him that they can survive by loving each other. She accepts
the blame because she has disobeyed both God and Adam. She ponders suicide. Adam, moved by her speech, forbids
her from taking her own life. He remembers their punishment and believes that they can enact revenge on Satan by
remaining obedient to God. Together they pray to God and repent.
God hears their prayers, and sends Michael down to Earth. Michael arrives on Earth, and tells them that they must
leave Paradise. But before they leave, Michael puts Eve to sleep and takes Adam up onto the highest hill, where he
shows him a vision of humankind’s future. Adam sees the sins of his children, and his children’s children, and his first
vision of death. Horrified, he asks Michael if there is any alternative to death. Generations to follow continue to sin by
lust, greed, envy, and pride. They kill each other selfishly and live only for pleasure. Then Michael shows him the
vision of Enoch, who is saved by God as his warring peers attempt to kill him. Adam also sees the story of Noah and
his family, whose virtue allows them to be chosen to survive the flood that kills all other humans. Adam feels remorse
for death and happiness for humankind’s redemption. Next is the vision of Nimrod and the Tower of Babel. This story
explains the perversion of pure language into the many languages that are spoken on Earth today. Adam sees the
triumph of Moses and the Israelites, and then glimpses the Son’s sacrifice to save humankind. After this vision, it is
time for Adam and Eve to leave Paradise. Eve awakes and tells Adam that she had a very interesting and educating
dream. Led by Michael, Adam and Eve slowly and woefully leave Paradise hand in hand into a new world.