Modern Movement and Restoration

- The contrast between modern and historical architecture emerged during World War
I, leading to a change in the culture of conservation.
- The Modern Movement in Europe, represented by architects like Le Corbusier and
Walter Gropius, aimed for a profound shift in design and construction culture.
- The avant-gardes were influenced by progress and utopian ideals, impacting
architecture and society.
- Innovations in materials and technology, such as reinforced concrete and steel,
played a role in architectural transformation.
- Political upheavals and events like World War I and the Great Depression influenced
the avant-gardes and architectural developments.
- The avant-gardes sought to change traditional aesthetic values and rejected the past
in favor of a new vision.
- There was a retreat from aesthetic and political extremism in the post-war period,
leading to a return to past aesthetic values in the 1930s.
- Architects aimed to break away from historical styles and orders, seeking to
establish a new architectural language.
- Restoration became less significant for architects of the Modern Movement, as they
focused on designing new buildings rather than restoring historical ones.

- The Modern Movement in architecture broke away from traditional decoration and
architectural order.
- Le Corbusier's five points of architecture emphasized the use of pillars, free facades,
ribbon-like windows, and rooftop gardens.
- The founders of the Modern Movement showed indifference towards historical
heritage, as seen in Le Corbusier's lack of projects linked to historical buildings.
- Le Corbusier's Plan Voisin proposed extensive demolition of historic areas in Paris
for modern skyscrapers and open spaces.
- Le Corbusier argued for the right of the twentieth century to leave its mark on the city
and questioned the preservation of the entire historic fabric, focusing on monumental
landmarks instead.
- The modern city, according to Le Corbusier, should separate residential, leisure, and
work functions.
- The Modern Movement envisioned tall buildings with open green spaces, parks, and
gardens.
- The Athens Charter of 1933 influenced twentieth-century urban planning with its
emphasis on functional cities.
- Hygiene and traffic concerns were prioritized over architectural preservation in the
Modern Movement.
- Italian architects, including Giuseppe Terragni, embraced the Modern Movement
under the influence of the fascist regime.
- Giuseppe Terragni emphasized the importance of creating a new heritage alongside
the old, rather than destroying the past.
- Gunnar Asplund demonstrated that modern architecture can engage in dialogue with
the historical context by reinterpreting fundamental traits without imitating styles and
forms.