NUMBER SYSTEM
system arithmetic.
 Number or Numerical system is a writing system for
expressing numbers that is a mathematical notation
for representing numbers of a given set, using digits or
other symbols in a consistent manner.
 In computer the main numerical system is based on the
positional system in base2 (Binary Numerical system)
POSITIONAL SYSTEM
 Binary Number System (Base-2)
 Decimal Number System (Base-10)
 Octal Number System (Base-8)
 Hexadecimal Number System (Base-16)
TWO TYPES OF NUMBER SYSTEM
 A Non-Positional Number System
o uses of a limited number of symbols in which each
symbols have a value.
 Fix Value
 Occupies
 Use Limited
o Characteristics
 Uses symbols such as I for 1, II for 2, III
for 3, IIII for 4 and IIIII for 5, etc.
 Each symbol represents the same value
regardless of its position in the number
 The symbols are simply added to find out
the value of a particular number.
 Difficulty – It is difficult to perform number
 Positional Number System
o A system for presentation of number by an
ordered set of Numerical Symbols (called
digits) in which the value of the numerical
symbols depends on its position
o Characteristics
 Use only a few symbols called digits
 These symbols represent different value
depending on the position they occupy in
the Number
 The value of each digit is determined by
1. The digit itself
2. The position of the digit is in the
number
3. The base of the number system
BINARY SYSTEM/ BASE SYSTEM
 Binary Number System is one of the four types of
number system. In computer application, where binary
numbers are represented by only two symbols or digits, 0
and 1.
 The Binary Number are expressed in the base-2 numeral
system as the positional notation with 2 as a radix
(number of unique digits)
 It is commonly applied internally by almost all latest
computers and computer-based devices because of its
direct implementation in electronic circuits using logic
gates. Every digit is referred to as a bit.
  What is Bit in Binary Number?
o A single binary digit is called BIT.
Uses of Binary Number System
o A binary number consists of several bits.
 10101 is a five-bit binary number  Binary numbers are commonly used in computer
 101 is a three-bit binary number applications.
 100001 is a six-bit binary number  All the coding and the languages in computers such as C,
C++, Java, etc. use binary digits 0 and 1 to wrote a
FACTS TO REMEMBER: program or encode any digital data.
1. Binary numbers are made up of only 0’s and 1’s.
2. A binary number is represented with a base-2
3. A bit is a single binary digit. DECIMAL NUMBER SYSTEM

 The Decimal Number System has a base of 10 because it

uses ten-digit from 0 to 9.
BINARY NUMBERS TABLE  In this number system, the positions successive to the
left of the decimal point represent units, tens, hundreds,
Numbers Binary Number Binary Number Binary
thousands and so on.
Number Number Number
 This system is expressed in decimal numbers.
1 1 11 1011 21 10101
2 10 12 1100 22 10110 Example: The decimal number 1457 consists of the digit 7 in the
3 11 13 1101 23 10111 unit’s position, 5 in the tens place, 4 in the hundreds position,
4 100 14 1110 24 11000 and 1 in the thousands place whose value can be written as:
5 101 15 1111 25 11001
6 110 16 10000 26 11010
7 111 17 10001 27 11011
8 1000 18 10010 28 11100
9 1001 19 10011 29 11101
10 1010 20 10100 30 11110 OCTAL NUMBER SYSTEM

 In the Octal Number System, the base is 8 and it uses

numbers from 0 to 7 to represent numbers.
  Octal numbers are commonly used in computer
applications.
 Converting an octal number to decimal is the same as
decimal conversion and is explained below using an
example.
Example: Convert 2158 into decimal.
Solution:
HEXADECIMAL NUMBER SYSTEM
 Numbers are written with base-16.
 In this number system, the numbers are first represented
just like in the decimal system, from 0 to 9. Then, the
numbers are represented using the alphabet from A to F.
The table given below shows the representation of numbers in
the hexadecimal number system.
NUMBER SYSTEM CHART
In the number system chart, the base values and digits
of different number systems can be found.
NUMBER SYSTEM CONVERSION
 Numbers can be represented in any of the number
system categories such as binary, decimal, octal and
hexadecimal.
 Any number which is represented in any of the number
system types can be easily converted to another.
 With the help of different conversion procedures
explained, let us discuss the conversion of one number
system to the other number system by taking a random
number.
 Example: Assume the number 349. Thus, the number
349 in different number systems is as follows:
o The number 349 in the binary number system is
101011101
 o The number 349 in the decimal number system is
349.
o The number 349 in the octal number system is
535.
o The number 349 in the hexadecimal number
system is 15D

COMPUTER NUMERAL SYSTEM

(NUMBER SYSTEM IN COMPUTERS)

 When we type any letter or word, the computer

translates them into numbers since computers can
understand only numbers
 A computer can understand only a few symbols called
digits and these symbols describe different values
depending on the position they hold in the number.
 In general, the binary number system is used in
computers. However, the octal, decimal, and hexadecimal
systems are also used sometimes.