5/2/23 15:06 2- Characteristics of the Mechanistic model of the universe. - MECHANICAL: • The Universe is composed of particles of matter.

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1- Characteristics of the Aristotelian-Ptolemaic

cosmovision.
1 2- Characteristics of the Mechanistic model of the
- ORGANISCISM:
• The whole Universe is like a living organism.
• Each part of the Universe serves a function.
- ANTHROPOCENTRISM:
• The geocentric quality of this cosmovision is a form of
anthropocentrism.
•The Earth -the place in wich human beings live-is at the
centre of the Universe.
- FINALISM:
• All natural changes have a "final cause", i.e. an ultimate
objective. The changes pursue this objective.
- HETEROGENEITY:
• The Aristotelian cosmos is not a "uni-verse" but a "di-
verse": it has diverse regions.
4- Philosophical positions on the existence of god. (unir
definiciones)
- THEISM: Affirms the existence of a personal, supernatural
and transcendental God. God is not just the cause of reality,
he also governs it.
- DEISM: Affirms that God exists and created the Universe,
but maintains that human reason cannot comprehend
anything beyond that general notion.
- PANTHEISM: Identifies God with nature. Consequently, it
claims that God is not transcendental nor a personal being.
- AGNOSTICISM: Neither affirms nor denies the existence of
God. It simply claims that human understanding is unable to
provide a satisfactory answer.
- ATHEISM: Denies the existence of God and all supernatural
beings. There is nothing beyond natural reality.
universe.
- MECHANICAL: 2
• The Universe is composed of particles of matter. They move
according to deterministic law which can be expressed using
mathematics.
• Only one cause is accepted, the efficient cause, denying the
existence of finalism as presented by Aristotle.
- DETERMINATE:
• If all physical phenomena are governed by causal laws,
once a particular phenomenon and the causes that
generated it are known, it is possible to accurately describe
any past or future event.
- MATHEMATICAL:
• Mathematics is the only valid means of studying nature.
• Qualities that cannot be expressed mathematically have no
value.
- HOMOGENOUS:
• Nature is governed by principles of simplicity (excessive
causes are to be rejected for simple ones) and uniformity
(two identical effects always have identical causes).
- REJECTION OF ANTHROPOCENTRISM:
• In the heliocentric model the Earth revolves around the Sun
and it is no longer at the centre of the Universe.
• A feeling of smallness and insignificance is felt by people
who embrace the Copernican model.

3- Differences between current and past cosmovision:

characteristics of current cosmovision.
- FRAGMENTED: 3
The current cosmovision differs from previous ones in that it
is based on several different theories.
Each theories explains a part of reality:
the theory of relativity explains the "astronomical
Universe'
-Newton's theory explains our "everyday reality"
and quantum theory explains "Subatomic Universe"
- IRREVERSIBLE:
The principle of entropy and chaos theory reject the
mechanistic concept that all physical processes are
reversible.
They also reject that those processes pursue a
predetermined purpose, as proposed by Aristotle.
- INDETERMINATE:
Accepting chaos theory means that it is impossible to predict
the future.
This is because we cannot have a complete knowledge of the
present. Scientific laws are no longer deterministic. Instead
they are probabilistic.
- REJECT OBJECTIVE KNOWLEDGE:
Modern-day theories highlight the influence the observer has
on the object of observation.
The observer affects and modifies the observed object. As a
result, objective knowledge is impossible to attain.

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