Ea KLE Technological University |" Master of Computer Applicatiot MC. Date: ‘Max marks: 40 1 i : 21ECAC801_ Machine Learnins 75 mins 10/02/2023 _Answer ai full he following: _Duratior = Suppose we have a computer program examines an audio clip of @ ae music, and clasify whether or not there are vocals (i.e, a human voice singh in that audio clip, or if itis a clip of only musical instruments (has no vors Te Identify experience E, task T and performance P in this case with sult justifications. What is “training Set” and “test Set” in a Machine Learning Model? How much data will you allocate for your training, validation, and test sets? For the given data ~ (i) find the linear regression line (i) estimate the value of y | 8 ‘when X=10 E X[s[377 [e]4[s 7 6[4fio[s[4{7 3 ‘Suppose you run gradient descent for 15 iterations with a = 0.3 and compute J(@) after each iteration. You find that the value of J(@) decreases and continues to decrease over time, Based on this, is the gradient descent converging or diverging? Comment on the leaning rate a. What new values of a would you —— ‘and the number of air condit Number of rooms(X) 1/2 {3 ‘Number of air[ 1] 2 [3 conditioners (y) If in the linear regression model 6 = 0, find the cost J(0) using cost function for @;= 0, 6)=0.5 and 8=1. Which is the best value for 01? 3a. ‘Consider the problem of predicting how well a student does in her second year of college/university, given how well they did in their first year. Specifically, let x be equal to the number of "A" grade that a student receives in their first year of college. We would like to predict the value of y, which we define as the number of "A" grades they get in their second year. Gk Ranckion Cy-a)° = 1 (U 2 \ Compute the cost function J(@o, @1) when ©o=0 & ©; e &O +) Orpen Jo] alroluslse j—Juo|_fahe ‘What is Overfitting in Machine Learning and how can it be avoided? Consider the following use cases. Explain in detail the type of machine learning ‘you would use for each of the use cases. i) Predict tomorrow's weather. ii) Predict the number of Microsoft shares that will be traded tomorrow.gv technological KLE Society's LEGS praia Unveio tee ‘Master of Computer Applications MCA ISA III Code: 216 CACSOI Machine Learning Max marks: 40 Sed Duration: 75 mins Supervised | 6 Ta. | Consider the following cases. In which of the case would you use S: Learning and Unsupervised Learning? Explain your answer with valid justifications. ‘© A marketing team at a super market store wants to determine different ‘segments of customers based on the features like gender, location, age, education, income bracket, and so on. ‘+The sales department ata super market store wants to restock fresh vegetables ‘as per the demand day-wise. | Explain the advantages and disadvantages of new re 6 e. | What is the Role of Activation Functions sa Neural Network? Explain the pes | 8 ‘of Activation Functions that can | in Neur No 3 2a, | Consider the following data, a | 5,1) 62,2) 63,2) 4-3) G.2) 21) Gl) Be?) 25) sb How would an SVM classify these in the steps by giving the Fi ‘dataset and is high| 6 ‘the data, Suggest and | ity. ve pute the 7 and Type Il errors. ‘Actual Class 1 [ Actual Class 0 Predicted Class1 | Tt _60 140_E Predicted Class 0 | =) 40 9760 Th) J Ja. [Assume you want to cluster 7 observations into 3 clusters using K-Means 6 ‘clustering algorithm. After first iteration the clusters formed are -C1, C2, C3 and have the following observations: Cl: (22), (4,4), (6,6)} (0,4), (4,0)} C3: {(5,5), (9,9)} What will be the cluster centroids if you want to proceed for the second iteration? Explain the working of K-Means algorithm. bt Explain the process of Forward Propagation and Backward Propagation of) 6 weights in Neural ‘Networks with examples. [Determine the weights for the folowing Pereeptron to compute the operations] 8 - (AND Gi) OR. © © oIOg—" O-- @ @1 Semone KLE, Tetiwuosigat unvensiry | 2 | MSSCET “Question Paper for Minor Examination (ISA-2) Department of MCA Course Code:21ECAC801 Course Title: Machine Learning (3 Se Date: 28/03/2023 Time: 09:45 AM to 11:00 AM. Duration: 1 Hr. 15Min ‘Max. Marks: 40. Note: Answer any two full questions. Marks | CO | BL | PO | code mester) Questions i) Why SVM is also called as large margin classifier? Give legal resoning for ths. How do yon aleve this in case o 5) What i an activation function? Explain the computations | 1° | CO! i}, tale that happens in a neuron during neural network training la Explain the structure of neural networks. Why back| 1b | propagation algorithm is required? Explain the steps of back} 10 | CO2|L3] 3 | 3.23 propagation algorithm mentioning relevant equations. | 7) Compare logistic regression and SVMs. ‘Compare neural network with logistic regression. | 2a | iii) Explain the cost function of SVM. 1v) How cost function is cbtained in neural networks. yo |co2}13 {3 | 13. Explain K-means Algorithm with an example. How do you i Means? ab | define cost function for K-Means: 10 }cor]i2} 1 | asa ‘How dimensionality reduction is achieved using PCA? Explain in detail, What are the advantages of dimensionality 10 | co2| 12 | 3 reduction? 3a Explain vanishing gradient and exploding gradient probiem in back propagation. What is the use of biasing unit in 1 |co2|13| 3 neural network? 2) L3 | 3 3boo CE TL KLE TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY | Belen _Question Paper for Minor Examination (ISA-1) Department of MCA Course Code:21ECAC801 ic Course Title: Machine Learning (3" Semester) Date: 09/02/2023 Time: 10:00 to 11:15 AM Duration: 1 Hr. 1SMin Max. Marks: 40. Note: Answer any two full questions PI Q i | BL Ne Questions | Marks | Co Code 1a | Explain multilevel classification for linear and logistic 10 L 131 models with an example. i) Can an unsupervised Machine Leaming problem be converted to supervised? Write appropriate facts to support your answer. 1b |i) Define feature, observations, and hypothesis. Write the| 10 13 3.23 steps involved in handwriting recognition using- machine learning approach. | Write two differences forthe following in a table format. | i) Classification and regression. : ii) Linear and logistic regression. - iii) Artificial intelligence and machine learning. aa iv) Supervised learning and unsupervised learning. ¥) Classification and clustering. i) When the gradient decent algorithm fails to converge? Provide detailed analysis with working of gradient decent algorithm. ii) What is feature normalization? Why do we need it? What are the different methods of normalization? Define over-fitting. Explain with examples over-fitting in linear and logistic regression. Also how do you overcome * over-fitting? Consider the data given in the below table. Find an equation of regression for the given data. Find out the predicted y values for each x, and also the error by using sum of the juare error function. fees 3 8 4 10]Se Duration: 3 hours 21ECAC801 April/May_2023 jo[alelelsiv mielNO1 U9 SRN III Semester MCA Examination Master of Computer Application Machine Learning (21ECAC801) Max. Marks: 100 estions from UNIT-I Note: i) Answer any TWO full questions from UNIT-L, any TWO full 4 and any ONE full question from UNIT-HI. ii) Assume suitable data, if necessary, with justification UNI ‘sed? Write | a. Can an unsupervised machine learning problem be converted to supervis (06 marks) appropriate facts to support your answer. can one b. here are many machine learning algorithms. IF given a data set, how 06 warts) letermine which algorithm to be used for that? Explain. f ¢ What is feature normalization? Why do we need it? Explain different methods o' (08 marks) normalization, (06 marks) 2 a Compare different types of machine learning with examples. ( b. Training a dataset’s features results in 100% accuracy, but when the data set is validated, it reaches 75% accuracy. What should you look out for? How it can be Saher (06 marks) S- Answer the following questions related to linear regression: (i) Is overfitting a Possibility with linear regression? Explain, (ji) Is it necessary to remove outliers? ‘Why or why not? (iii) Give an example scenario where a multiple linear regression model is necessary. (08 marks) a, Why is logistic regression a type of classification technique and not a regression? Explain one-vs-all classification using logistic regression. (06 marks) b. When the gradient descent algorithm fail to converge in linear regression? Provide detailed analysis with the working of gradient descent algorithm. (06 marks) “Consider the data given in the below table. Find an equation of the linear regression line for the given data. Estimate the value of y when X = 10. & [5 [6 8 5 6 8 8 2 t t 5 i (08 marks) 2 UNIT-IL 4 a What is the role of activation functions in neural network? Explain the types of activation functions that can be used in neural networks, (06 marks) b. Explain the phrase “Curse of Dimensionality”. (06 marks) © What is confusion matrix? Define the metrics accuracy, precision and recall Compute the accuracy, precision, recall and F-score measures for the following confusion matrix. Predicted | er ha Class | ‘Actual Class 0 150 Actual Class || 105 200 5 _a._Why SVM is also called as large margin classifier? Give logical reasonins (08 marks) y rge margin ouical reasoning for this. (06 marks) Page | weNow do you achieve this in case of SVM? eb. Consider the following network given below. Calculate the value at nodes NI, N2 and N3 using sigmoid activation funetion, 12-09 (06 marks) ©. Explain back propagation algorithm in neural networks. (08 marks) 6 a. What are kemels in SVM? List popular kernels used in SVM along with their application. (06 marks) b. How dimensionality reduction is achieved using PCA? Explain in detail (06 marks) © Use K-means clustering algorithm to divide the following data into two clusters. Assume initial centroids as C1(1,1) and C2Q.3 [xi [1 [2 [2 a_Is Lx Tee 3. |s (08 marks) ‘UNTT-Int What is deep learning? Briefly explain the advantages of using deep learning ‘model over machine learning, Is deep network better than the shallow nework? Justify b. What is CNN? Explain its basic architecture along with the functionality of each layer. ‘What is the difference between traditional feedforward networks and RNN? Why do RNNs work better with text data? 'b. Mention the difference between bidirectional ‘working of bidirectional RN, NN and RNN. Explain in detail the (10 marks) (10 marks) (10 marks) (10 marks) aati