2t=11x=40 x24 8v416 | 8x24205—48 _a 2 Show thet aa 4e—32 “Gxt ax —48'* WO —adx 45D of the constants « and 6, where « and bare integers 2 ead =40, x7 8x46 | 8x? + 20x48 xP —4x 32 “Gx? —3x—45 10x" 45x +45 22x? 1x40 x? 48416 10x 454 45 x dx 32” Gx 3x45 Bx 20848 DADS ort (ers) SOF (oJ “OR (-h 30 GH 4-H (ord = Ixqx? =5 12 a=5,b=12 @® 3 Sit ay SANE, EB +2524, 2x? +10x x? +3x-18, LAH) AG STR) * ero eh _ (4) 2(x+5) _ x4 2x+10 and find the values (4 marks) Barks)=3r-2, x= 4 Gat Site lex 1346 a Show that fix) (marks) Ora b Hence differentiate fx) and find (4) @Gmarks) separately, « Pure 1 Section 8.5 Qx?-3x-2 x-2 6x-8 "3x? +14y—24 =3x=2 3x) + 140-24 6x-8 x2 _ Ox DGB Gra (x46) 2G ed _ Qx+ 1x46) 2 = 28 +1346 2 4a fix)= b fix) = veBre3 13 £'@)= 2x4 (@) +5 13 _ 29 £4) = 2x44 = (A) = 2xdt =F©@®) improper fractions = An improper algebraic fraction is one whose numerator has degree greater than or equal to ‘the denominator. An improper fraction must be converted to a mixed fraction before you can ‘express it in partialfractions, s+ Sy-9 | areboth improper fractions. ‘The degree of the ‘The degrees ofthe numerater numerator is greater ‘and denominator are equal. than the degree of the denominator CEEEED te degre of potvnomiat isthe ares exponen inthe expression. For example, x? + 5x~ 9has degree 3. = Toconvert an improzer fraction into a mixed fraction, Ss " you can use either: + algebraic long division atc on + the relationship Fix) = Q(x) x divisor + remainder ' Method 1 Use algebraic long division to show that: ° * co ™ Fo) —— 28+ Se +8 * x47 1 rensinder divisor —___]_ Method 2 Multiply by (x 2) and -ompare coefficients to show that: aw Fe 45x 485064 Tix 2)422 —— remainder divisor ——__] GEEK) HID w= @ 1223 ix? + Bvt C+ Find the values of the constants A, zB Sea D. (4 marks) 1 2428 ey peace xl xel vtx+2 x4)? 4 2x7 43x—4 var wade wax 2x-4 2x42 -6 4243-4 6 tH So A=1,B=1,C=2,D=-6dele Bde SL ®© 2 Given that 35 eit hx e+ 5, find the values of a,b, cand d. (4 marks) 2. Using algebraic long division: 2x? 3x45 x+3)2x' 43x? 4x45 2x! +67 —3x°—4x Show that f(x) can be written in the form px? + qx + rand find the values of p.gandr. (4 marks) 3. Using algebraic long divisio xi+2x44 x-2}x° 0x +0x-8 a 2x? 2x? +0x 2x? 4x 4x-8 4x8 0 +52? find the values of m, n and p. (4 marks) eo 2x? +0x-2 4x+7 2x? 44x45 4 Avt7 wal Som=2,n=4 and p=7© 5§ Find the values of the constants 4, 8, Cand D in the following identity: 8x3 42x24 5S (Av + BY 2x42) 4 C4 D (4 marks) 5. Using algebraic long division: 4xtl 2x? +2)8x° 42x? +045 Bx 8x 2x? 8x45 ax? 42 ~8r+3 Bx + Det + $= (4x + 12x? + 2)- Bx +3. So4=4,B=1,C=-8 and D=3, © 6S eel Find the values 0” the constants 4, B, Cand D. (4 marks) 6 Using algebraic long division: 4x-13 x? + 2x=1)4x? = 5x" 43x14 4x! + 8x7 4x = 13x? + 7x14 = 13x? ~26x+13 33x-27 4x) =5x*43x=14 33x-27 a tr BS x 4+2x-1 xt 42x-1 So 4=4, B=~13, C=33 and D=~27. © 7 sey=2432=4. sow at ean wien inthe fom ps 44 sett x41 andr (4 marks) and find the values of p, 4, 7 Using algebraic long division: x42 Pale 43x 4 xity? 2x4 2x42 -6 x43x-4_ 6 Ste er t2-s xl xal So p=1,q=0,r=2,s=Oand 1=-6.Det + 3x3 2x? + dy — dx+e anes Axoé +bxte+ 2 .. find the values V4x-2 ®© & Given thar M43" Sex-2 of a, b,c, dand e. (5 marks) ‘ion: 8 Using algebraic long di Qxt ext] x tx —2)2xt 43x 2x? dx —6 2x! +2) — 4x x 42x? 44x xitx? -2x 24 6x-6 tx? Sx-4 2x! 43x3 = 207 +4x—6 _ a2xtexs1s 4 Yex-2 l,d=Sande=~4, © 9 Find the values of the constants 4, B, C, D and E in the following identity Bat 4x 8x2 + 16x 2 (A + Be + Oe? — 3) + Dv E (5 marks) 9 Bahay BaP 162 = (A HB OYA —3)+ Det E Compare coefficients of: 433 ‘Compare coefficients of 3: Bad Compare coefficients of “3s -8=-9+C (substituting 4=3) Compare coefficients of x: 16=-38+D 16=12+D (substituting B=—4) D=4 ‘Equate constant terms: H2=-3C+E =2=-3+ (substituting E=1 Hence 3x! ~ 4x? 8x7 +16x—2= Gy" —4x +10" -3) +441 Note: After lots of comparing coefficients, itis a good idea to check your answer by substituting a simple value of x into both sides ofthe identity to check that your answers ‘are conrect. For example, ‘Substitute x=1 into LHS 3 3-4-8416-2=5 ‘Substitute x= 1 into RHS = B44 x3) e441 =0x-24441=5 LHS = RHS, so you cam be fairly sure the entity is correct.@® 10 « Ful factors the exprsion t= 1 mars) b Hence, or otherwise, write ibe algebra fraction (ax + by(ex? + d+) and find the values of a,b, ¢, dand e, (4marks) OP =D? +). or =1Nx+D(? +1) bes (x-I(xt DQ? +) xtl (e+) =(x-D(GF +1) Soa=1,b=—1,c=1,d=Oande= @® 5a simprity ray A= (3 marks) b Given that Inl(4x? — 8x? + 6x + 5I] = 6 + Inllx? = 3x — 42x? + 10x} find in terms of (4 marks) Av 8x 46045 4x2) (re Dlrt5) Bx-4° 2x +10x (x44) x(x +5) _2x-2) Sa Youd x-4 a 2xn4 x4 6 =In((4x° -8x)(x? +6x-+5))~In((x°- 3x— 4)(2x° + 10x)) _ (4x? 8x)(x7 46x45) Wl Geo ae aes 0x) —3x- f (2x° + 10x) cs gp( 228-20 (%45) set (x=) (e+ 1)2x(x+3) x= zt) 2x-4_ é x4 2x-4 = xe" —4e® —4=xe°-2x A(e® 1) = x(e* — 2) _ 4-0) ~S=248-9029 x= By @ 6 0) ee Res aa Show that g(x)can be written in the form ax? + bx +e, where a,b and ¢ ate constants to be found, (A marks) b Hence differentiate g(x) and find g'(-2) Bmarks) 4x'-9x°-9 x? -3x 32x+24 6x" —13x—5 48 9x" 68 gay= 32x+24 xa 3x _ 4x +3)(x-3) Gx D2x-3) 84x43) x(x—3) _Gxr+DQx~5) 2 -prenet show ha tay = 223 (dims) 9 Find the values ofthe constants 4 B, Cand Din he falling identity 6x7 + Ly + x — 2 dx? + Bx + C)+D (5 marks) Cars 1 Given that S= 7" +3 Bex 5x42 find the values of the constants 4, B, Cand D. Ax Be bxChallenge SPAT 3 eae 3x x10 3x-5 x42 3x? +.x-10=(3x-5)(x+2) 6x! —7x° +3 = Ax(3x? + x-10)+B(3x° +x-10) + C(x +2) + D(3x—5) = 3x! + dx? 10x + 3Bx? + By-10B+ Cx +2C-+3Dx-5D =3dx' +(A+3B)x° +(-104+B+C+3D)x+(-10B+2C-SD) Comparing coefficients =-7 -1=>B=-3 -10A+B+C+3D=0 -10(2)+(-3)+C+3D=0 C+3D=23 (I) For constant: -10B+2C-SD=3 -10(-3)+2C-SD =3 Q) 2x equation (1) — equation (2) 2(C+3D)-(2C -5D) = 2(23)-(-27) 2C +6D-2C+5D = 46+27 MID=73 B 7 Since D= 3 ‘equation (1) becomes: c+3(B)=23 1.2 Prove that if f(x) = ax? + bx? + ex + dand f(p) =0, then (x —p) isa factor of f(x). 2 f(x)=ar tbr textd (ax? +x +ex+d)+(x-p) ax? +(b+ap)x+(c+bp tap?) x-pjar + be + oe + od ax = ape (b+ap)x2 + x (b+ ap)x? ~(bp + ap*)x (c+bp+ap")x +d (c+bp+ap)x — (cp +bp? + ap’) (d+cp+bp’ +ap’) So, f(x) +(x-p) = ax? +x(b+ap)+(c+bp+ap”) with a remainder of ap’ +bp? +cp +d £(p)=ap' +bp* +ep+d =0 which matches the remainder, so (x p) is a factor of f(x). 3 Given that fix) = 2x? + 9x? + 10x +3: @ show that -3 is a root of f(x) b express Ss ‘as partial fractions. 3a f(x)=2x° 49x? 410243 By the factor theorem if -3 is a root of f(x) then f{-3) = 0. £(-3)=2(-3)' +9(-3)' +10(-3) +3 =~54+81-3043 =0 Therefore ~3 is a root of f(x).3p 22. _10 F(x) 2x +937 10x43 from part a, (x +3) is a factor of 2x° + 9x7 +10x+3 2x? 43x41 x43)2x 492 +1043 2x* +6x" 3x7 +10x 3x? 49x x43 x+3 0 So 2x5 49x" + 104-43 = (2x7 +3x+1)(x+3) =(2x+1)(x+1)(x+3) and 10 _ 10 2x 49x +1043 (2x41)(x+1)(x+3) 10 4 Bl (Qt (e+(3) xsl) (etl) (x43) 10= A(x -+1)(x+3)+B(2x+1)(x+3)+C(2x+1)(x+1) Taking x=—I: 10 = A(0)(-1+3) + B(-241)(-14+3)+C(-2+1)(0) 10= B(-1)(2) 1 B=-5 Taking x=-3: 10= A(-3+1)(0)+ B(-6+1)(0)+C(-6+1)(-3+1) 10=C(-3)(-2) “Csi Equating coefficients of x”: O=A+2B42C 0= A+2(-5)+2(1) A=8 —__10 8S (2e+i)(e+ (x3) (2xr1) (e+) * (+3)