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Teal
KT4)
rventieal moloeule,
KTG Aup hi mo m a
2 Rondom
re wre
mol C e u l t
No. 4f Col's6n is eloatic.
inade chembe
mehanie.
veum
Follauo Neo tnion
imde
o free Spo
lot
ehembar
Volwma)
mom M mN
To td Co&Si Seremive CouSm
direch anal
vn <vi
force exer e aa in -2) P F m
n
lecle
T
Ferideal g00 PVe nRT
molonme
nms
M
mn NA P
PV AA mNA
Vrms MT
nRT mn ^a Pe
nsKg olta mem c
m
3T MT
V
3
Vems
P P P<
n
NA
1.2 P ms D
N no.6 mo e l t n Pe
V
N nNA
PV mnA Vro
m f
mokenl
kinehie
Erar mw
fideal gan m NA
Potehiod ider moleculen fee |ke-RMA
Ea
(Poteriol e r me eut.) v
dis tri butom
Mamweu
veloethy
d No. moleeules in
velo "
moleleatTo)() to(t d).
No. o
(veloeit)
f6diswibuion funei on
ymoleculn ue Probobi liy denmit
to vt dv
in
Av (m e
f ) dv
N
Nomal disribuHi
mmerie.
o findira
f av Proboail dv) ran
ParHCle in the
PToboliliy D
Curve (reon) at
d
Omost proboble veloc
mae.
uost rortiele
wtie
nt
VariaHm n epeTOJe veloeiy
if ) Cf))
V
(e)2
3KsT.26
Rooue form
Vrms Vn (reduueed Vr)
/s me
Vmp<7 vms
17 e
Vpms
SPeed nome rm
2T
eWvm
AT 2 T 2KT
m
2KT
Pm)
3D
r:md
V3RT
Enar
M
TT 2XT Ror lE m
on 2 7mAY T2ATa at- mJ
2T 2TT)e mamenm f
Pm]
2D 27T
5me amy
2 rSTT RTor oTT T v
ms
( 2*T
2T )2 JV
O
Ener
1D . 2E/m
M RT
27M O
2KT 27 m |V
Mean tee pat
(Cw0s5-5ecin of one maleule)
Lmslecules N
Orea titan w
con ema jr Vowm V
otter portie le
Colli sien)
So porHe/ molecule diome To tol
MTt x mna mo
iven deaity| V V
olecue
P T
PNA
Cven, f 1deal (PV
g moleens
n
RT 4
(m .
st mole) (No.N mNA
reLative
AecsrdiS to o x w e
no
Co Li sn freaua a < T
free porticle waon free
Disibti om o No
pod
porhicles Temair
No. o eoNsim
wwco i d e a
Probobi ty
mo. f parieles
Totad
N
lis tones trowelled
N No e
8 M olar speci ficC ksa (rr 1 mele ideal Gan sP AS
(fn 1 9m. ide
(for
eevstor dU- n
v dT
Covyont Aeto i4ca
Prene
spi vou dU n dT
(wol
(idc
m i x twe df a 3
(wirtvr
de U-i0a
Epovaien
du
Temper otur
U-(nfi nafi)
T
AL
(n)
f4afa)+2 (ntna)
A
(nf+T 2fa)
AtaA * fr6ole fo Omele
Tom)
A y
T
*L
expov
v V+ 4V
*ATC octicien
vVowm
Gaon lou& of tdeal gon
(N 704 moeenkn)
N nNA)
(m molen)
Critical Temp
N6swe eom
weh the T21:5'e
emp. ab eve
3
Comt be aui fieal
ne mate a high PT awid s ade
n of molea
eriHical Voum ecmdthin,
tho a
ek is kaufied a critical
Voume of Cmole o
6ipoaa BagA
CLom A Coni
Sechien T
clam
27) 7Roud ode 1-26-em fa
T2 Rb)
V a n d e r Wal's eqynah on o stoe
v) (v-): RT
(a.b) Vander aal's comto
Ma Cculan alr ochon) b ite o moleeula)
1
Cco.vouma)
b
4xNy Vo me of
Y)" (%-)RT
f
Imole
Roal go)
(Rememben
RTC
PeVe
eal
3 Boyel Temper otue
deal g .
| sectin
Rusy Bafe
TAY fis tya
THERMo0YN AM1 c s a a y)
(TT 63yr fieta;
T Temp oume
Exckorae) TToin Energ
LF Leg t
E)>Exteait
¬auahim fShde a m o y n o m ¢
Tt eni be
varlot CEE)B
mole tdeal m) T)
Y
e a i brim
(1/) E/E)
e ef stake
FCeV, T)0+ o-P T
Coneep o f Temporotwe Twe 4ysi en)
st la
/nitia # fial
49: A0+ 4w (Pash inekspendCrd
Lanity
fuch
iriiol final)
15ofRarnmal (Teost). lev:AT s tote
funch VS
e
yeue
LL secericVcst)VRT
(Poemt) Pv=AT
50 borie
wwwww Comvert To
oc)Pens.
V
veRT AD) Ve
T vRT P
b in eak
Uro ditf p .
Werk denR in
Wak dana) W PJV
paRO(A3)
ATe
W a r k dona Area welr
isottarma
work an i
sotarmal) (Teemt) P
ond Cyo
PV n RT
RT
w- )-FT|
wer K dm
Pv,PaV2 v tonkden P. interm of V
an tts 5
T test)
werk ds idobaric
Wark done isochr ic (Ne ar@
Vtmot dw PJv
t)
VOW-0
Pv. tot)»©
(ol)
PV Cst
PV Conot
p sape(ts9
PdPtvdP: o
Pyvv +vaPao
iso Rarr
PAay-(A)
eav)-()
(od) ()(supe(is)|
-
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a l internok *t n
nternol Ener (sum of
proces
fm au tmo omic
ld-n
Cv T| T
s ekacic
fir o
oem
ad'aboh c so horie
iso ttormal JU 63-3
dU- CydT
4W
U89 tmatle-nU-KT
( mole) 0 R T
di
(fo o syst em xTKedi tiaian) (fs a
aysten ohare oeCu
fuain
8 dU 80-AdN
omeun f in
inerenedeer eone
cois fua**
Heati
abs bee eloato inte l (Enas e
Ererg].
nmole)
ole) r - ) 1 42 v
Reol g)+ f b)
- R
(190/er)
o Heak
esn verted
2 la t Themmo
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oDTk
Sin
ible.
Carnot's He Enain
PAVAT2 'aVa2
adlobohie vd
ehtben
i sfeomalM adloboic isotterma aelokahie
Lexporaim Capremio Lcorpream C i e Proce
reversbR) rersible) (reveraile) rever le)
Nek 0dobahie
r k don
W2+wA
Teot
Tert
W-4
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1- nRTi n
mRCT2
T
nRTan nAT2 n
VA
seM Aduo
ma te
k dens)
isotter
Mek
Ne nRT,
t onclalkohie | Ne tr don
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W nR(T-Ta)
etieienoy
EntepP mepare ment of di'srdenes in tte ystem
in reve uble
S chonge in Choneg of as
Enmor
memureo
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p h o s
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