43 BT Vi Sem Reg (Vce-R20) - July - 2023 PDF

Hall Ticket No: Question Paper Code: A6033
VARDHAMAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

(AUTONOMOUS)
III B. Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, July – 2023
(Regulations: VCE-R20)
INDIAN CONSTITUTION
(Common to Computer Science and Engineering, Information Technology &
Computer Science and Engineering(AI&ML))
Date: 18 July, 2023 Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 100
Answer All Questions
PART-A
1. a) What is meant by equality in the eye of law? 3M
b) Explain about Right to freedom. 3M
c) What is the Importance of Fraternity? 3M
d) What is Right to property? 3M
e) Discuss about Right to constitutional remedies. 3M
f) Explain the Importance of anti-defection law Indian Constitution. 3M
g) Elucidate about Sovereignty and socialist. 3M
h) Name the three writs available to secure fundamental rights of the citizen. 3M
i) Summarize the Role of Anti-defection law. 3M
j) What is the importance of including Fundamental rights in the Indian constitution?
3M
PART-B
2. a) “Equality is one of the magnificent corner-stones of Indian Democracy”. Explain. 7M
b) Explain the importance of sovereignty and socialist in Indian Constitution. 7M
(OR)
c) What are the Major committees of the constituent assembly? 7M
d) Explain the historical evolution of Indian Constitution. 7M
3. a) Briefly mention the main provisions of 1947 act and its importance in Constitution. 7M
b) “Right to freedom is one the most fundamental rights assured by the Indian Constitution”.
7M
Explain.
(OR)
c) Describe the outstanding features of the Constitution. 7M
d Examine the federal features of the Indian Constitution. 7M
4. a) Explain about political justice, social justice and economic justice as mentioned in
7M
Preamble to the constitution.
b) Name the committees of the constituent assembly in drafting the Indian Constitution. 7M
(OR)
c) Discuss in detail about Right to Education Act and its importance in society. 7M
d) Explain in detail about Right against exploitation how is it helpful to the society.
7M
5. a) Describe the powers and functions of the High Court of India. 7M
b) Write briefly about the great qualities of Dr. B.R.Ambedkar and how they have inspired
7M
you.
(OR)
c) Describe the powers and functions of the Supreme Court of India. 7M
d) Explain the salient features and the importance of implementing of Jan lokpal bill. 7M
Cont…2
::2::
6. a) Discuss the powers and privileges of the President of India as laid down under the Indian 7M
Constitution.
b) Summarize the importance of Right to information act in Indian Constitution. 7M
(OR)
c) Explain in detail about Right to freedom of religion how is it useful to the society. 7M
d) Write the factors that led Indian leaders to develop the Indian Constitution. 7M

(AUTONOMOUS)
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
(Common to All Branches)
PART – A
1. a) What do you mean by research? Explain its significance in modern times. 3M
b) What are the possible motives for researcher in doing research? 3M
c) Write short notes on Need for Research Design. 3M
d) Discuss the Reviewing the selected literature in research. 3M
e) Discuss the Characteristics of a Good Sample Design in research. 3M
f) Write the advantages of Case Study Method in research. 3M
g) Distinguish between the Null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis. 3M
h) List out the Limitations of the Tests of Hypotheses 3M
i) Write short notes on Oral Presentation with an example. 3M
j) Elaborate in detail about Rewriting and polishing of report. 3M
PART – B
2. a) Briefly describe with neat block diagram of the different steps involved in a research 7M
process.
b) What does one mean when he/she wants to define a research problem? Describe the 7M
Technique involved in Defining a Problem.
(OR)
c) Elaborate Research methods in detail with an example. 7M
d) How the researcher will conduct Simple random sampling for his research Illustrate with an 7M
example.
3. a) Differentiate Exploratory of Formulative and Descriptive / Diagnostic research designs. 7M
b) How to Search for the existing literature and what is the importance of review the selected 7M
literature.
(OR)
c) What is the important role in shaping your research problem and how Bringing clarity and 7M
focus to your research problem?
d) Describe the different types of research, clearly pointing out the difference between an 7M
experiment and a survey.
4. a) Discuss Systematic sampling with a suitable example. 7M
b) Describe the importance of collection of secondary data and its characteristics. 7M
(OR)
c) What is the meaning of measurement in research? What difference does it make whether 7M
we measure in terms of a nominal, ordinal, interval or ratio scale? Explain in giving
examples.
d) Discuss any two types of the Collection of Primary Data with an example. 7M
5. a) What do you mean by the power of a hypothesis test? How can it be measured? Describe 7M
and illustrate by an example.
b) Clearly explain how you will test the equality of variances of two normal populations. 7M
Cont…2
::2::
(OR)
c) Illustrate the basic Concepts Concerning Testing of Hypotheses and explain Two-tailed and 7M
One-tailed tests with an example.
d) What is the Precautions Researcher must pay attention in Interpretation? 7M
6. a) Discuss what are the Precautions researcher should follow for writing research reports? 7M
b) Mention the different types of report and particularly elaborate technical report in detail. 7M
(OR)
c) Discuss on very definite and set rules or Mechanics which should be followed in the actual 7M
preparation of the research report.
d) Elaborate in detail about Layout of the Research Report and importance of Research Report. 7M

(AUTONOMOUS)
DISASTER MANAGEMENT
(Mechanical Engineering)
PART – A
1. a) Describe the characteristics and damage potential of natural hazards. 3M
b) What are the response time and forewarning levels associated with different hazards? 3M
c) What are the disaster resources used in disaster management? 3M
d) What is crisis management during disasters? 3M
e) Explain the role of capacity assessment in disaster risk reduction. 3M
f) Explain the concept of counter disaster resources. 3M
g) What is meant by Regulatory Standards? Why it is important for Industrial Safety? 3M
h) Mention the state level and national level agencies involved in the disaster Management. 3M
i) Explain the role of individual in handling of various disasters. 3M
j) Discuss two benefits of formulating a disaster risk reduction plan. 3M
PART – B
2. a) Analyze the vulnerabilities to flood hazards, considering their impact and associated 7M
risks.
b) Discuss the vulnerabilities to earthquake hazards, considering their impact and 7M
associated risks.
(OR)
c) Discuss the measures that can be taken to reduce vulnerabilities and manage disaster 7M
risks associated with earthquake hazards.
d) Compare and contrast the characteristics and damage potential of flood hazards and 7M
earthquake hazards.
3. a) Briefly discuss the Disaster Management Cycle with suitable examples. 7M
b) Discuss the importance of disaster preparedness plan and give two examples. 7M
(OR)
c) Explain in detail about concept of crisis management mechanism. 7M
d) Discuss the role of community participation and engagement in building resilience and 7M
preparedness for disasters.
4. a) Discuss on the non-structural measures to be taken in residential areas. 7M
b) Discuss on the various agencies and bodies involved in natural disaster risk reduction. 7M
(OR)
c) What is capacity building and discuss about strengthening capacity. 7M
d) Explain structural measures in disaster management. 7M
5. a) Discuss about some healthy coping skills that would help you feel better during the 7M
outbreak of covid-19.
b) Bring out the safety plans, norms and survival kits used to prevent the manmade 7M
Disaster?
(OR)
c) Explain about strategies to deal natural and manmade disasters. 7M
d) Discuss the role of media in Disaster management. 7M
6. a) Explain the organizational structure for disaster management in India. 7M
b) Write briefly about the disaster management act, 2005. 7M
(OR)
c) Discuss about the organizational structure for national disaster response management in 7M
India.
d) Distinguish between the state and district levels Disaster management plans. 7M

(AUTONOMOUS)
CLOUD COMPUTING AND VIRTUALIZATION
(Common to Computer Science and Engineering,
Computer Science and Engineering ()AI & ML) & Information Technology)
PART - A
1. a) What are the desired features of a cloud in cloud computing? 2M
b) What is the Seven-Step Model of Migration into a Cloud? 2M
c) Define Open Nebula. 2M
d) Define Virtualization. 2M
e) What is the role of a work flow engine in cloud computing? 2M
f) Explain the concept of Infrastructure as a Service(IaaS) in cloud computing and provide 3M
Two examples of IaaS providers.
g) Write a process for managing cloud resources. 3M
h) Explain migration techniques. 3M
i) Define Data Integrity. 3M
j) Write about workflow management system. 3M
PART – B
2. a) List the challenges and Risks in cloud computing. 5M
b) Explain in detail about Layers and Types of clouds. 5M
(OR)
c) Discuss about infrastructure as a service providers. 5M
d) List and explain features of a cloud. 5M
3. a) Explain in detail about seven step model of migration into a cloud. 10M
(OR)
c) Discuss about the challenges of SaaS paradigm. 5M
d) Explain in detail about the integration methodologies. 5M
4. a) Describe the concept of virtualization technology architecture. 5M
b) Explain the process of virtual machine provisioning and manageability in virtualized 5M
environments.
(OR)
c) Discuss the significance of virtual machine migration services in virtualized 5M
environments. Explain the benefits of VM migration and provide examples of
migration Techniques commonly used in practice.
d) Explain the concept of virtual machine lifecycle and the importance of VM monitoring 5M
in virtualized environments. Discuss the stages of the VM lifecycle, tools and
techniques used to ensure optimal performance and resource management.
5. a) What are some data privacy and security issues associated with cloud storage? 5M
b) Explain context level security advantages and draw backs. 5M
(OR)
c) How has cloud storage evolved from LANs to WANs? 5M
d) Explain the concept of database outsourcing in cloud computing and its 5M
implications
for data security.
6. a) Illustrate utilizing clouds for workflow execution. 5M
b) With a neat diagram explain Architecture of workflow management systems. 5M
(OR)
c) Discuss about A classification of scientific Applications and services in the cloud. 10M

(AUTONOMOUS)
DEEP LEARNING
(Common to Computer Science and Engineering & Information Technology)
PART – A
1. a) What is Deep Learning? 2M
b) What is the purpose of activation functions in deep networks? 2M
c) Identify the significance of vectorization in data processing. 2M
d) Name two popular transfer learning techniques used in CNNs. 2M
e) What are Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs)? 2M
f) Differentiate between mean squared error (MSE) and categorical cross-entropy 3M
(CCE) loss functions used in neural networks. When would you choose one over the
other?
g) Explain the role of vectorization in image data. 3M
h) Summarize the strategies for dealing with columnar raw data. 3M
i) What are filters in a CNN? 3M
j) Give the significance of transfer learning in deep learning. 3M
PART – B
2. a) Discuss the design issues in deep learning models and their impact on model 5M
performance.
b) Explain the various activation functions used in modeling of artificial neuron. 5M
(OR)
c) Compare and contrast single layered model and multi layered neural network 5M
models.
d) Explain different cost and loss functions in neural networks. 5M
3. a) Explain the vanishing gradients problem and the exploding gradients problem in 5M
deep networks. How do these problems affect the training process?
b) Discuss the importance of hyperparameters in deep networks. Explain how layer 5M
size, regularization and mini-batch size affect the performance of a deep network.
(OR)
c) Explain the concept of a feedforward multi-layer neural network. Discuss the flow of 5M
information, the role of activation functions, and the purpose of hidden layers in
such networks.
d) Demonstrate with a neat diagram the working process of denoising auto encoders. 5M
4. a) Compare and contrast feature engineering and normalization in the context of 10M
vectorization. Provide examples to support your answer
(OR)
c) Discuss the concept of BERT in word embedding. How does it differ from 10M
traditional word embedding techniques? Explain its advantages and potential
applications.
5. a) Describe the AlexNet architecture and its unique characteristics. Discuss the 5M
advantages of AlexNet over traditional CNN architectures.
b) Discuss the concept of hyperparameters in convolutional layers of a CNN. Explain 5M
the role of filter size, stride, and padding in the convolutional operation.
Cont…2
:: 2 ::
(OR)
c) Compare and contrast the architectures of LeNet and GoogLeNet. Discuss their 5M
unique characteristics and contributions to the field of CNNs.
d) Explain the basic architecture and working principles of a CNN. 5M
6. a) Discuss the main properties and advantages of GRU (Gated Recurrent Unit). 5M
b) Explain the concept of an encoder-decoder architecture in RNNs. 5M
(OR)
c) Design an RNN architecture for sentiment analysis, specifying the number of layers 10M
and the type of recurrent units used.

(AUTONOMOUS)
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
(Computer Science and Engineering)
PART – A
1. a) Compare and contrast breadth-first search (BFS) and depth-first search (DFS) 3M
algorithms used in problem-solving.
b) Discuss the concept of Hill Climbing algorithms. 3M
c) Explain the PEAS representation for online tutor problem. 3M
d) Explain universal generalization with example. 3M
e) Define Structure of Agent and also specify various agents. 3M
f) Define planning. Explain the role of planning in ai? 3M
g) Discuss are drive equation for Baye’s theorem. 3M
h) Explain the concept of neural networks and their role in machine learning. 3M
i) What are the limitations of MIN-Max algorithm? 3M
j) Explain the characteristics of Expert System. 3M
PART – B
2. a) Explain the concept of iterative deepening search (IDS) in AI. Discuss its advantages 7M
and disadvantages.
b) Discuss the concept of constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs) in AI. With suitable 7M
example.
(OR)
c) Discuss the concept of best-first search in AI. Explain the A* algorithm as an example 7M
of best-first search.
d) Discuss the process of problem formulation and components explain vaccume world 7M
problem.
3. a) List out five common connectivity’s used in logical connectivity. 7M
b) Discuss the conjunctive normal form for first order logic in detail. Explain about 7M
universal quantifiers with examples.
(OR)
c) Explain Wumpus world problem with diagram. 7M
d) Explain Forward Chaining with example. 7M
4. a) Explain Simple reflex Agent in detail with diagram. 7M
b) Explain Partial Order Planning with example. 7M
(OR)
c) Differentiate between Problem Solving and Planning. 7M
d) Explain different types of agent environments. 7M
5. a) Differentiate between biological neuron and artificial neuron 7M
b) Explain the steps to construct a decision tree. Define their performance measures 7M
also.
(OR)
c) Explain different types of Neural Networks with graphical representations 7M
d) What is the structure of Belief network with example? 7M
Cont…2
:: 2 ::
6. a) Write an algorithm for MIN-MAX algorithm. 7M

b) Explain the components of Expert Systems. Explain any two real time Expert System 7M
applications in detail.
(OR)
c) What is expert System? Write capabilities and limitations. 7M
d) Explain various Expert System tools in detail. 7M

(AUTONOMOUS)
ROUTING AND SWITCHING NETWORKS
PART - A
1. a) Explain how host and network devices are used. 3M
b) What are the main functions of the Data Link Layer in network communication? 3M
c) What is the purpose of routing in a network? 3M
d) What are the benefits of subnetting IP networks in small to medium-sized business 3M
networks?
e) Give some benefits of LAN switching. 3M
f) What is Spanning Tree Protocol? 3M
g) What are the effects of network congestion? 3M
h) Compare and contrast static VLANs and dynamic VLANs. Explain the advantages and 3M
disadvantages of each implementation method.
i) What is subnetting? 3M
j) What are the advantages of a layered model in the networking industry? 3M
PART – B
2. a) Explain the process of configuring an IP address using a given IP addressing scheme. 7M
b) How does the Internet serve as a globally connected platform for LANs and WANs, 7M
enabling seamless communication and resource sharing across diverse networks?
(OR)
c) Explain the process of configuring a network operating system, specifically IOS, and 7M
the significance of basic device configuration in establishing network connectivity
and functionality.
d) Discuss the key rules of communication in network protocols and the role of 7M
network protocols and standards in ensuring reliable data transfer.
3. a) Explain the role of Media Access Control (MAC) in network communication and how 7M
it is implemented.
b) What is the purpose of the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) in a network, and how 7M
does it work?
(OR)
c) List all Show commands and summarize show commands used to verify interface 7M
configuration
d) What are the key factors to consider when designing a small network, and how can 7M
network design impact network security and performance?
4. a) What is the purpose of router initial configuration, and what are the steps involved 7M
in the process?
b) Explain the purpose of static routes in a network and provide examples of scenarios 7M
where static routing is commonly used.
(OR)
c) What is dynamic routing, and how does it differ from static routing? 7M
d) What are the key characteristics and benefits of a switched network, and how does 7M
it differ from a routed network?
Cont…2
:: 2 ::
5. a) What is the purpose of a default gateway in a switch configuration and how does it 7M
contribute to network connectivity?
b) Explain the purpose of configuring VLANs on a switch and how it enhances network 7M
security.
(OR)
c) Explain the concept of VLAN segmentation and its benefits in network design. 7M
Discuss the advantages and limitations of using VLANs for network segmentation.
Provide examples of scenarios where VLANs can be effectively used to improve
network performance and security.
d) Discuss the importance of inter-VLAN routing in a network environment. Compare 7M
and contrast router-on-a-stick and Layer 3 switch approaches for inter-VLAN
routing. Explain the configuration steps involved in implementing each method.
6. a) Explain the operation and purpose of Access Control Lists (ACLs) in network security. 7M
Discuss the different types of ACLs and their application scenarios.
b) Describe the process of IP address allocation and configuration parameters offered 7M
by a DHCPv4 server and Discuss potential issues that can arise during DHCPv4 lease
management.
(OR)
c) How can you configure and verify a router as a stateful DHCPv6 server? Explain with 7M
five steps.
d) Explain the operation of Network Address Translation (NAT) and its purpose in IPv4 7M
networks. Discuss the different types of NAT and their advantages and limitations.
Provide examples of how NAT can be configured to translate IP addresses and
facilitate network communication.

(AUTONOMOUS)
FUNDAMENTALS OF DBMS
(Electronics and Communication Engineering)
PART – A
1. a) Mention the applications of DBMS. 3M
b) List the DDL commands with syntax. 3M
c) Why do we use aggregate operators in SQL? 3M
d) Define the term “CURSOR”. 3M
e) Define normalization in DBMS. Mention the normal forms. 3M
f) Explain the decomposition properties in DBMS. 3M
g) Why should we ensure serializability of transactions? 3M
h) What are the advantages of Normalization? 3M
i) What is the meaning of an Exclusive Lock? 3M
j) Define the term “Dead Lock”. 3M
PART – B
2. a) Draw the architecture of DBMS and explain the components. 7M
b) Explain three level data abstraction mechanism in DBMS 7M
(OR)
c) What are the advantages of DBMS over a File management system? 7M
d) List and Explain various applications that use Database management systems. 7M
3. a) Given the database 7M
Supplier(sno, sname, status, city)
Part(pno, pname, color, weight, city)
Projects(jno, jname, city)
Spj(sno, pno, jno, qty)
Write queries to
Get all shipments where the qty in the range 300 to 750 inclusive
Get all supplier-number, part-number, project number such that they are all co-
located
Get all pairs of city names such that a supplier in the first city supplies a project in
the second city
b) Show the syntax for 7M
Deletion of the table
Updating of a value in the table
Modifying the scheme of a table
Addition of a column to the table
(OR)
c) Explain the entity integrity and referential integrity constraints. 7M
d) Show the syntax for Group-By clause and explain with an example Query. 7M
4. a) Differentiate 3NF and BCNF with an example. 7M
b) What is the need for normalization? Explain 1NF,2NF with example 7M
(OR)
c) Explain about properties of functional dependencies. 7M
d) What is functional dependency? Explain the types of functional dependency. 7M
Cont…2
::2::
5. a) Define transaction and explain the states of transaction with neat diagram. 7M
b) Explain the ACID properties. 7M
(OR)
c) Describe about concurrency. Explain how we can achieve concurrent execution of 7M
transactions
d) Delineate the anomalies that may arise due to the interleaved execution of 7M
transactions with a suitable example.
6. a) Explain Two phase locking protocol and its variants with suitable examples. 7M
b) Why concurrent execution of transactions based on Time stamp protocol is free 7M
from deadlock.
(OR)
c) Explain the various deadlock prevention techniques. 7M
d) Explain about validation based protocols. 7M

(AUTONOMOUS)
MOBILE APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT
(Common to Computer Science and Engineering & Computer Science and Engineering (AI&ML))
PART - A
1. a) List the key features of Android? 2M
b) List and briefly explain the types of Fragments available in Android and discuss when 2M
you would use each type.
c) Explain the concept of Radio Buttons in Android and how they are used for selecting 2M
a single option from a set of choices.
d) Explain the purpose and usage of an AlertDialog in Android 2M
e) Outline shared preferences in android OS. 2M
f) Name and briefly explain three different versions of the Android operating system. 3M
g) How do you communicate between fragments in Android? 3M
h) Explain the purpose and functionality of the WebView widget in Android. 3M
i) List the steps involved in sending SMS messages in an Android application. 3M
j) What is SQLite database, and how is it used for data storage in Android 3M
applications?
PART – B
2. a) With neat sketch, explain the architecture iOS operating system 5M
b) Discuss the role of the Swift programming language in iOS app development, 5M
highlighting its advantages and impact on the iOS development ecosystem.
(OR)
c) List and explain the features of XCODE IDE. 5M
d) Compare and contrast the architecture of Android and iOS, focusing on their 5M
fundamental design principles and components.
3. a) With Sample XML code explain the Constraint, table layout? 5M
b) Compare and contrast the different layouts available in Android, including Linear, 5M
Relative, Table, Absolute, and Constraint layouts. Discuss the key characteristics and
use cases for each layout type.
(OR)
c) With neat Sketch explain fragment lifecycle? 5M
d) Explain the concept of fragments in Android and discuss their advantages in building 5M
modular and reusable user interfaces.
4. a) Discuss the usage of the Button widget in Android. Explain how you can add an 5M
onClick event listener to a Button view.
b) Discuss the usage of the ProgressBar widget in Android. How can you display and 5M
update the progress of an ongoing task using ProgressBar?
(OR)
c) Develop an android application to read two numbers by using two EditText fields 10M
along with twobuttons (+,-) and one text label. On clicking a (+) button, the two
numbers must be addedand on clicking a (-)button, the two numbers must be
subtracted and display the output. Write Activity java file and draw the layout.
5. a) Explain the role of the TelephonyManager in Android with an example. 5M
b) Discuss the steps involved in sending emails from an Android application. 5M
Cont…2
:: 2 ::
(OR)
c) Design and implement an Android application that displays an AlertDialog when a 10M
button is clicked. The AlertDialog should have a custom title, message, and two
buttons with different actions.
6. a) Apply Update and Delete operations in SQLite with a sample program. 5M
b) Explain the different storage options available in android applications. 5M
(OR)
c) Construct an android database program to work with student details like rollno, 5M
name,marks. Perform add, update, view operations.
d) Discuss the steps involved in preparing an Android application for publishing. 5M

(AUTONOMOUS)
FUNDAMENTALS OF CYBER SECURITY
PART - A
1. a) Explain the concept of Cyber Security and its significance. 3M
b) Discuss the key components of a Cyber Security policy 3M
c) Describe the evolution of Cyber Security in the context of e-commerce. 3M
d) Discuss the challenges posed by Cyber Security evolution. 3M
e) Define the concept of vulnerability with an example. 3M
f) Explain the role of security metrics in cyber security. 3M
g) State impact of Cyber Terrorism 3M
h) Define Cyber Sabotage 3M
i) Discuss the importance of Security Principles in Cyber Security policy. 3M
j) Discuss the significance of Supply Chain in Cyber Security policy. 3M
PART – B
2. a) Discuss the importance of laws and regulations in Cyber Security. 7M
b) Explain the role of Enterprise Policy in Cyber Security. 7M
(OR)
c) Describe the importance of technology operations in Cyber Security. 7M
d) Discuss the concept of Cyber Security and its significance in today's digital 7M
landscape.
3. a) Discuss about tone at the top 7M
b) Explain the various aspects in cyber security policy. 7M
(OR)
c) Differentiate a threat and Vulnerability and explain various types ofVulnerabilities 7M
d) Discuss on Mobile Personal Devices 7M
4. a) Explain various cyber security strategies. 7M
b) Abbreviate ICANN and elaborate its role in internet 7M
(OR)
c) Explain the concept of net neutrality with an example 7M
d) Explain any 4 Cyber Security Policy Issues Concerning Email and Messaging. 7M
5. a) Analyze the role of Cyber Security Policy Taxonomy in categorizing and classifying 7M
Cyber Security policies.
b) Evaluate the significance of a Cyber Security Policy Catalog in addressing Cyber 7M
Governance issues.
(OR)
c) Analyze the relevance of Cyber Security Policy Catalog in addressing emerging 7M
challenges such as Net Neutrality, Internet Names and Numbers, and Copyright and
Trademarks.
d) Discuss the role of a Cyber Security Policy Catalog in addressing a range of Cyber 7M
User Issues, including Malvertising, Impersonation, Appropriate Use, Cyber Crime,
Geolocation, Privacy, Cyber Conflict Issues, Intellectual Property Theft, Cyber
Espionage, Cyber Sabotage, and Cyber Welfare.
6. a) Analyze the role of Research and Development in shaping Cyber Security policy. 7M
b) Discuss the significance of Cyber Infrastructure Issues in Cyber Security policy. 7M
(OR)
c) Evaluate the significance of Cyber Security policy in the Banking and Finance sector. 7M
d) Analyze the challenges faced by Industrial Control Systems (ICS) in implementing 7M
effective Cyber Security policy.

(AUTONOMOUS)
ESSENCE OF INDIAN TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE
(Common to Electronics and Communication Engineering, Electrical and Electronics
Engineering, Mechanical Engineering & Civil Engineering)
PART-A
1. a) Write a few traditional methods of curing common cold and cough using ingredients 3M
from home/kitchen.
b) Write the definition of ‘Traditional Knowledge’ and the need to study this subject. 3M
c) Define copyright and industrial Designs. 3M
d) Describe TKDL and its role in the protection of traditional knowledge. 3M
e) Explain Aryabhatta’s contribution to science. 3M
f) Analyze how food production is affecting health. 3M
g) Identify a few home remedies that you have tried during the pandemic. 3M
h) What is complementary medicine? 3M
i) State measures the government should take to promote Indian traditional art from 3M
dying down.
j) Outline the changes that the artisans should make to improve sales of their products. 3M
PART-B
2. a) Summarize the nature of traditional knowledge and write briefly about Traditional 7M
Ecological Knowledge(TEK) and Traditional Technical Knowledge(TTK).
b) Define Traditional knowledge and identify a few traditional knowledge based 7M
practices followed by different communities.
(OR)
c) Examine the characteristics of Traditional Knowledge. Substantiate with the help of 7M
examples – Neem and Turmeric
d) Analyze the importance of Indigenous Knowledge. Give your understanding of 7M
Indigenous Knowledge versus Traditional Knowledge.
3. a) Illustrate how TKDL protects traditional knowledge? Substantiate with suitable 7M

examples.
b) Explain ‘The Biological Diversity Act 2002’ for the protection of traditional 7M
knowledge.
(OR)
c) Relate your opinion on how to preserve Traditional Knowledge with the help of legal 7M
concepts.
d Identify the role of government in harnessing Traditional Knowledge. 7M
4. a) Compare your understanding of traditional knowledge and modern science. 7M

Illustrate the difference between traditional agriculture and modern agriculture.
b) Identify and explain any three significant scientific contributions by Indians. 7M
Cont…2
::2::
(OR)
c) Distinguish any three indigenous farming practices to enhance food security. 7M
d) Analyze India’s significant contribution to global science. 7M
5. a) Examine the role of Yoga in holistic health care and explain with reference to the 7M
growth of Yoga as an international practice in the recent times.
b) Discuss the golden age in the history of traditional medicine. 7M
(OR)
c) Demonstrate the general benefits of yoga and how effectively does it help our 7M
lifestyle.
d) Examine the traditional medicines practiced in India and explain any two traditional 7M
medicine systems in relation to the contemporary world.
6. a) Summarize the importance of traditional art forms in international market. 7M

b) Briefly explain any four dance forms of India. 7M
(OR)
c) Examine the tribal crafts’ new face in the cosmopolitan world. What measures can 7M
help in promoting this art.
d) Summarize the handicrafts of Telangana and Andhra Pradesh. 7M

(AUTONOMOUS)
SOLAR ENERGY AND APPLICATIONS
(Civil Engineering)
PART – A
1. a) What is the importance of solar energy? Explain. 3M
b) What is tilt factor? Give its expression. 3M
c) Mention different types of concentrating collectors. 3M
d) What is advanced collector? 3M
e) Write short notes on amorphous silicon cells. 3M
f) Define fill factor. 3M
g) Discuss about open circuit voltage and short circuit current in solar cell. 3M
h) What are the applications of solar photo voltaic systems? 3M
i) Discuss about the Performance monitoring of solar power. 3M
j) Explain payback on a solar battery. 3M
PART - B
2. a) Explain the following: 7M
i. Beam radiation
ii. Diffuse radiation
iii. global radiation
iv. air mass
b) Explain solar radiation on a tilted surface. 7M
(OR)
c) With a neat diagram, explain: 7M
i. inclination angle
ii. Zenith angle
iii. Solar azimuth angle
d) Discuss the necessary information to be included in ‘solar radiation data’. What are 7M
three ways in which solar radiation data is presented?
3. a) Demonstrate the latent heat storage arrangement with sketch. 7M

b) Examine the potential of renewable energy sources with reference to the present 7M
energy scenario.
(OR)
c) Describe the construction and working of solar flat plate collectors. 7M
d) Discuss the principle of collection of solar energy used in a non-connective Solar 7M
Pond.
4. a) Explain the single diode model of the PV cell and draw its V-I characteristics. 7M
b) Discuss various types of solar cells based on material thickness and the type of 7M
junction structure.
(OR)
c) Explain power voltage characteristics of a solar cell. 7M
d) Mention advantages and disadvantages of photovoltaic solar energy conversion. 7M
5. a) Explain the steps involved in the fabrication of a PV module. 7M

b) Draw and explain the equivalent circuit of a P-N junction solar PV cell. 7M
Cont…2
:: 2 ::
(OR)
c) What are the various types of Solar PV Systems? Explain with block diagrams. 7M
d) Explain the steps involved in the design of a stand-alone PV System. 7M
6. a) Mention the safety issues with respect to solar power generation. 7M

b) Illustrate Calculation of payback period with and without discounting for a solar PV 7M
street lighting system.
(OR)
c) Derive expression for calculating payback period in terms of saving income. 7M
d) Describe the cost analysis and environmental analysis in solar energy. 7M

(AUTONOMOUS)
DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING
PART – A
1. a) A system has the input-output relation given by y  n   n x  n  Determine whether 2M
the system time variant or time-invariant.
b) State and prove the property of circular time shift for DFT. 2M
c) What is the advantage of direct form-II structure when compared to direct form-I 2M
structure?
d) Compare the Hanning and Hamming windows. 2M
e) Write the formula to determine the order N of Chebyshev filter. 2M
f) A system has the input-output relation given by y  n   n x  n  Determine 3M
whether the system:
i. causal
ii. linear
g) Compute the DFT of finite length sequence considered to be of length N: 3M
x  n     n  n 0  , where 0  n 0  N
n
1 
h) Determine the z -transform for the following sequence x  n     u n. Sketch 3M
 2
the pole-zero plot and indicate the ROC.
i) What are the main advantages of FIR filters over IIR filters? 3M
j) Compare Butterworth and Chebyshev filters. 3M
PART - B
2. a) Check whether the following system is: Static or dynamic, Linear or non-linear, 5M
Causal or non-causal:
y  n   ev  x  n 
b) Determine the impulse response h  n  for the system described by the second - 5M
order difference equation y  n  – 3 y  n  1  – 4 y  n  2   x  n   2 x  n  1 

(OR)
c) List the properties of Discrete Fourier Transform. 5M
d) Determine the response of the system characterized by the impulse response 5M
h  n   1 / 3  u  n  to the input signal x  n   3 n u  n 
n
3. a) Derive the Relationship between DFT and Z transform. 5M

b) Let x  n  sequence of length N and its N point DFT is given by X  K  . State 5M
and prove property of Periodicity and property of circular shift.
(OR)
c) Find the circular convolution of the sequences x  n  and h  n  using DFT. 5M
x  n   1, 0 , 2  and h  n   1,1

d) Find the 4-point DFT of the sequence x  n    2 ,1, 4 , 3 by DIT FFT algorithm. 5M
Cont…2
:: 2 ::
4. a) A causal system is represented by: 5M

z  2
H z 
2z  3z  4
2
Find the difference equation and the frequency response of the system.
b) Realize the filter transfer function given by the expression below using the direct 5M
form I: H  z    1  z 1
 1  2 z 1
 3z
2

(OR)
c) Describe Schur-Cohn Stability criterion 5M
d) An LTI system is described by the equation: 5M
y  n   2 y  n  1  y  n  2   x  n 
Determine the cascade realization structure of the system.
5. a) Realize Direct form I Direct form II of the following difference equation 5M

y  n   3 / 4 y  n  1  1 / 8 y  n  2   x  n   1 / 3 x  n  1
b) Explain the realization structures of IIR filters. 5M
(OR)
c) Determine the Direct Form and Cascade Form Realization for the transfer Function 5M
of an FIR Digital filter which is given by
H z  1  1 / 4 Z 1
3/8 Z
2
 1  1 / 8 Z 1
 1 / 2Z
2

d) Obtain Cascade and parallel form realization of the system 5M
y  n    0 .1 y  n  1   0 .2 y  n  2   3 x  n   3 .6 x  n  1   0 .6 x  n  2 
6. a) Compute the order of an analog Butterworth filter with the following 5M

characteristics: A stop band attenuation of at least 20dB at 20Hz and 45KHz -3dB
pass band ripple at upper and lower cut off frequency of 50Hz and 20KHz.
b) Mention any 3 windowing techniques used for FIR filter design. 5M
(OR)
c) Design a low pass FIR filter using rectangular window having cutoff frequency of 5M
1.2rad/sample and the filter Length is 7.
d) Using Bilinear transformation design a digital Chebyshev type 1 low pass filter to 5M
meet the following specifications. 1db attenuation at 0.2π radians/sample and
15db attenuation at 0.3π radians/sample.

(AUTONOMOUS)
ETHICAL HACKING
PART – A
1. a) What is the difference between vulnerability assessments and penetration tests? 3M
b) What is Network Sniffing? 3M
c) What are the differences between active and passive information gathering 3M
techniques?
d) Name three common sources of information gathering in hacking. 3M
e) What is Metasploit? 3M
f) List out categories of Penetration Testing. 3M
g) Define ethical hacking. List its limitations. 3M
h) What is DNS Spoofing? 3M
i) What is Aircrack-ng and how is it used in wireless hacking? 3M
j) What are the different types of authentication used in web hacking? 3M
PART – B
2. a) Explain the concept of a vulnerability assessment summary report and its 7M
importance in the context of penetration testing.
b) Discuss the significance of the pre-engagement phase in a penetration testing 7M
process.
(OR)
c) Outline the key components of the rules of engagement for a penetration test. 7M
d) Compare and contrast the different categories of penetration tests, highlighting 7M
their objectives and scope.
3. a) Discuss the role of various sources, such as social media and public records, in 7M
information gathering for hacking.
b) Describe the concept of passive information gathering and provide examples of 7M
techniques used in this process.
(OR)
c) Explain the techniques and tools used for information gathering using the WHOIS 7M
database.
d) How can traceroute be used for information gathering? Provide examples of 7M
different traceroute techniques.
4. a) Discuss the different types of sniffing attacks and explain the advantages and 7M
disadvantages of promiscuous and non-promiscuous modes.
b) Explain the role of vulnerability data resources and exploit databases in network 7M
attacks.
(OR)
c) Describe the process of an ARP spoofing attack, including its goals and potential 7M
impacts.
d) Discuss the concept of denial of service (DoS) attacks and the techniques used to 7M
launch such attacks.
Cont…2
::2::
5. a) Describe the process of port scanning with Metasploit and how it assists in 7M
determining open services.
b) What is Metasploit? Discuss its features and how it can be used in penetration 7M
testing.
(OR)
c) Explain the reconnaissance phase using Metasploit. How does it aid in identifying 7M
potential vulnerabilities?
d) Provide a step-by-step explanation of how to compromise a Windows host using 7M
Metasploit.
6. a) Discuss the Aircrack-ng tool and its applications in wireless hacking. 7M

b) Explain the process of cracking a WEP-encrypted wireless network using Aircrack-ng. 7M
(OR)
c) Compare and contrast brute force attacks and dictionary attacks in the context of 7M
wireless hacking.
d) Describe the different types of authentication used in web hacking and discuss their 7M
vulnerabilities.

(AUTONOMOUS)
INFORMATION SECURITY
(Information Technology)
PART - A
1. a) List the categories of security mechanisms. 2M
b) Specify the components of encryption algorithm. 2M
c) State the Euler’s Theorem. 2M
d) What is a Digital signature? 2M
e) How does PGP use the concept of trust? 2M
f) What are the critical characteristics of information? 3M
g) Give the equation for data encryption using RSA algorithm. 3M
h) List three hash function requirements? 3M
i) Summarize on the security of HMAC algorithm. 3M
j) What is the use of The TLS Record Protocol in TLS Protocol Stack? 3M
PART – B
2. a) Explain the Conventional security model used for Information Security 7M
b) What is a security attack? Explain different types of security attacks. 3M
(OR)
c) Explain the transposition technique with an example. 7M
d) Is playfair cipher monoalphabetic cipher? Justify. Construct a playfair matrix with 3M
the key “moonmission” and encrypt the message “greet”
3. a) With a neat block diagram explain the DES algorithm? 5M

b) Explain the characteristics of block and stream ciphers. 5M
(OR)
c) Explain about Block cipher design principles.. 5M
d) With neat diagram, explain the overall structure of the AES encryption process? 5M
4. a) With the help of example explain how can we find out GCD of two numbers using 5M
Euclid Algorithm
b) Write the differences between conventional encryption and public key encryption. 5M
(OR)
c) State and Prove Fermat’s theorem. 5M
d) For Diffie-Hellman algorithm, two publicaly known numbers are prime number 353 5M
and primitive root of it is 3. A selects the random integer 97 and B selects 233.
Compute the public key of A and B. Also compute common secret key
5. a) Describe hash functions based on using cipher block chaining technique. 5M

b) Explain the applications of cryptographic hash functions. 5M
(OR)
c) Explain in detail about Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA) with an example? 5M
d) Illustrate variety of ways in which hash code can be used to provide message 5M
authentication.
Cont…2
:: 2 ::
6. a) Explain the key distribution scenario and write how does decentralization key 7M
control work?
b) What are the services provided by SSL record protocol? 3M
(OR)
c) Explain the various web security threats. 7M
d) What is the purpose of X.509 standard? 3M

(AUTONOMOUS)
DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING
(Computer Science and Engineering (AI & ML))
PART – A
1. a) What is meant by pixel? 2M
b) Justify that fourier transform is separable 2M
c) Define Brightness 2M
d) What do you meant by Gray level? 2M
e) What is segmentation? 2M
f) What is meant by illumination and reflectance? 3M
g) What is image translation and scaling? 3M
h) Explain the types of connectivity 3M
i) List the categories of digital storage 3M
j) What are the two properties used for establishing similarity of edge pixels? 3M
PART – B
2. a) Differentiate between Image Sampling and Quantization. 5M
b) Explain various application of digital image processing. 5M
(OR)
c) Describe the functions of elements of digital image processing system with a diagram. 5M
d) Consider image segment shown here: 5M
3 1 2 1(q)
2 2 0 2
1 2 1 1
(p)1 0 1 2
i. Let V = {0, 1} and compute the lengths of shortest 4, 8 and m-path between p and q.
if a particular path does not exist between p and q, explain why?
ii. Repeat for V = {1, 2} and check whether path is similar or not?
3. a) Describe in detail about various types of mean filters 5M
b) Describe histogram equalization. Obtain Histogram equalization for the following image 5M
segment of size 4 x 5?
0 1 1 3 4
7 2 5 5 7
6 3 2 1 1
1 4 4 2 1
(OR)
c) Explain separable properties of 2D DFT with example. 5M
d) The input mage f(m,n) is passed through a linear shift-invariant system h(m,n). 5M
Determine the convolution output image if f(m,n) and h(m,n) is given below.
1 2 10 8 9
  0 1 0
8 14 6 9  
f m,n    and h m,n  1 0 1
 5 9 13 8  
   0 1 0 
1 4 5 7 9
Assume zero padding of the original image.
Cont…2
:: 2 ::
4. a) What spatial transformation techniques are used for image restoration? Explain any two 5M
techniques in detail.
b) Explain the steps involved in frequency domain filtering. 5M
(OR)
c) What is the use of wiener filter in image restoration? Explain. 5M
d) Explain various estimations on the degradation functions. 5M
5. a) Explain in detail about the color fundamentals. 5M
b) Discuss procedure for conversion from HSI color model to RGB color model 5M
(OR)
c) Explain HSI Color model with a neat diagram. 5M
d) Apply the opening operation on the image shown below: 5M
Fig.1
6. a) How edge detection is performed in digital images using: 10M
i. Laplacian operator.
ii. Sobel operator.
iii. Prewitt operator
and compare their outcomes.
(OR)
c) Explain image segmentation? Mention few applications of image segmentation? 5M
d) Discuss optimum global thresholding. 5M

(AUTONOMOUS)
WEB AND TEXT ANALYTICS
(Computer Science and Engineering (AI & ML))
PART - A
1. a) What are Stopwords? Explain how to remove them for further processing of the text. 3M
b) Define edit distance? Explain the steps in calculation of edit distance. 3M
c) Define Golomb Rice coding with an example. 3M
d) Explain Bag of Words model. 3M
e) Define and Differentiate between CBOW and skip-word model for word2vec prediction 3M
with an example.
f) What do you mean by spider trap and its uses? 3M
g) List the steps in Web Page Pre-Processing. 3M
h) Explain about web spamming. 3M
i) What do you mean by feature extraction? what is the need of vectorization in text 3M
classification
j) What do you mean by bi-gram? Explain with an example. 3M
PART - B
2. a) What is the need for POS tagging? 7M
b) Explain in detail how to perform Text Normalization for a raw text with examples. 7M
(OR)
c) Explain dependency based parsing with an example. 7M
d) Explain about Text Tokenization with example. 7M
3. a) Define Text Classification. Explain the high-level conceptual representation of the text 14M
classification process with a neat diagram.
(OR)
c) Explain TF-IDF Model in detail. 14M
4. a) What is the importance of Summary? Explain the issues in generation of summary. 7M

b) Explain the steps in Latent Dirichlet Allocation. 7M
(OR)
c) What are Collocations? Explain any technique to extract collocations. 7M
d) Explain about Weighted Tag–Based Phrase Extraction. 7M
5. a) Explain IR system architecture with a neat diagram. 7M

b) Explain Boolean Model in detail. 7M
(OR)
c) What is Inverted Index? How do you search using Inverted Index? Explain 14M
6. a) Explain the Architecture of a concurrent crawler with a neat diagram. 14M

(OR)
c) Explain High-level architecture of a scalable universal crawler with a neat diagram. 14M

(AUTONOMOUS)
AI IN AGRICULTURE
PART – A
1. a) List the milestones for agricultural automation. 3M
b) What is Classification? 3M
c) Explain about SVMs. 3M
d) What is active learning? 3M
e) Discuss the Proximal sensing. 3M
f) Explain the Detection of insects. 3M
g) What is optical instrumentation? 3M
h) What is hyperspectral imaging? 3M
i) Explain about leaf disease recognition. 3M
j) Explain about the image segmentation. 3M
PART – B
2. a) Explain Sensing Systems for Precision Agriculture. 7M
b) Describe the characteristics of sensors for soil analysis. 7M
(OR)
c) Explain about sensors for weed management. 7M
d) Discuss Sensors for disease detection and classification. 7M
3. a) Discuss about Artificial neural network applications in Bio-systems engineering. 7M

b) What contribution of artificial intelligence is required in precision agriculture? 7M
(OR)
c) Explain about One class-support vector machines. 7M
d) Discuss Hierarchical self-organizing artificial neural networks. 7M
4. a) What are the applications of data fusion in precision agriculture? 7M

b) Explain about weed detection. 7M
(OR)
c) Explain about the necessity of multisensors network utilization in agriculture. 7M
d) What are the benefits of data fusion? 7M
5. a) Discuss about optical sensing and its contribution in crop disease identification. 7M
b) Discuss about hierarchical self organizing classifiers. 7M
(OR)
c) Explain about artificial intelligence approaches for crop disease monitoring. 7M
d) Explain about the fusion of optical sensing data. 7M
6. a) Discuss the State of the art and Materials required for Leaf Disease Recognition? 7M
b) Explain Yields Prediction with suitable example. 7M
(OR)
c) Discuss about the Segmentation technique for Leaf Disease Recognition? 7M
d) Explain About Classification process and the features extraction process? 7M

(AUTONOMOUS)
INTRODUCTION TO 3D PRINTING
(Electrical and Electronics Engineering)
PART - A
1. a) Name different approaches used for photo polymerization processes. 3M
b) What is the need for 3D printing? 3M
c) What are the applications of Binder jetting process? 3M
d) What are the latest research achievements in 3D printing ? 3M
e) List three applications of Powder Bed Diffusion process. 3M
f) State the materials used for an extrusion based 3D printing process. 3M
g) List the different destructive testing methods for 3D printed parts. 3M
h) State the advantages of Wire arc based process. 3M
i) Write three applications of 3D printed parts in aerospace industry. 3M
j) List three applications of 3D printed parts in biomedical industry. 3M
PART - B
2. a) Explain the different steps involved in the 3D printing process. 7M
b) Explain in detail the standards for 3D printing process. 7M
(OR)
c) Draw a neat sketch and explain the Stereo Lithography process. 7M
d) With the help of a neat sketch explain the photo polymerization process. 7M
3. a) Write on the process benefits and drawbacks of material jetting process. 7M

b) What are the materials used for Material jetting process? Write its applications. 7M
(OR)
c) Write on the Benefits and Drawbacks of Binder jetting process. 7M
d) What are the materials used for Binder jetting process? Write its applications. 7M
4. a) Describe the process of Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) by a neat sketch. 7M

b) Describe Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) process with neat sketch. 7M
(OR)
c) Explain the process of Electron Beam Melting (EBM) with a neat sketch. 7M
d) Write on the Process Benefits and Drawbacks of Powder Bed Fusion process. 7M
5. a) With the help of a neat sketch explain the direct metal deposition process. 7M
b) Explain the steps involved in the aesthetic improvement of 3D printing post processing. 7M
(OR)
c) With the help of a neat sketch explain the laser engineering net shaping process. 7M
d) State the advantages, applications of the laser engineering net shaping process. 7M
6. a) Classify Rapid tooling. Write on any one of indirect soft tooling methods. 7M
b) Write on the application of 3D printing process in Automobile industry with a suitable 7M
example.
(OR)
c) Explain the possible applications of 3D printing process in Bio medical engineering. 7M
d) What are the typical applications of 3D printing technology in Engineering? Explain with 7M
suitable example.

(AUTONOMOUS)
INTERNET OF THINGS
PART – A
1. a) List the Applications of IoT. 2M
b) Give an example for calling a function in python. 2M
c) Differentiate between MQ-02 and MQ-05. 2M
d) What are the disadvantages and limitations of BLE? 2M
e) What is IoT cloud? How does IoT cloud work? 2M
f) Explain the characteristics of the Internet of Things. 3M
g) Mention the Language features of Python programming language. 3M
h) How an infrared sensor works? Explain in detail. 3M
i) Mention the factors to choose the right IoT cloud service provider. 3M
j) Explain how fog computing different from cloud computing? List the uses of cloud in data 3M
storage.
PART – B
2. a) Explain IoT stack with a neat diagram. 5M
b) What are the needs of cloud computing and big data Analytics and mention the various 5M
enabling technologies that are used in IoT for cloud computing.
(OR)
c) With neat diagram, explain IoT Architecture. 5M
d) Elaborate the differences between Cyber Physical System and WSN in IoT. 5M
3. a) What are the difference between a python module and a package? Explain 5M
b) In a class of 100 students writing the exam for the Physics, Mathematics and Chemistry 5M
write a python program to find the average marks of the class in each course and the
overall average.
(OR)
c) With suitable example demonstrate Tuples, Dictionaries, and Lists in python. 5M
d) Explain File handling and exhibit all possible modes of opening file with examples. 5M
4. a) Explain interfacing pH Sensor in an IoT Application. 5M
b) Illustrate the working principle of Heartbeat Sensor interfaced with Node MCU in IoT 5M
with suitable code
(OR)
c) Build a python program to interface the Obstacle Sensor. 5M
d) Explain Interfacing Ultrasonic Sound Sensor in an IoT Application. 5M
5. a) Elaborate how MQTT can be used for subscribe-publish process with neat diagram using 5M
NodeMCU.
b) What is Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)? Is BLE is as Bluetooth? Explain it. 5M
(OR)
c) Explain the IPv4 protocol in IoT and its advantages. 5M
d) What is Uniform Resource Identifier (URI)? Elaborate the working of URI in detail. 5M
6. a) Elaborate the challenges of IoT cloud. 5M
b) Discuss about the Security Aspects of Cloud Computing. 5M
(OR)
c) When to use fog computing? Illustrate the architecture of fog computing in detail. 5M
d) Illustrate the factors to consider while choosing the right IoT cloud service provider. 5M

(AUTONOMOUS)
CMOS VLSI DESIGN
PART – A
1. a) Draw the circuit diagram for exclusive OR Gate. 2M
b) Design a 2-input CMOS NOR gate. 2M
c) Design a 2x1 multiplexer using transmission gates. 2M
d) Discuss about charge leakage in dynamic circuits. 2M
e) Draw the general structure of dynamic logic gate. 2M
f) Explain the operation of CVSL based Buffer/Inverter. 3M
g) Implement the given expression in CMOS circuit: f  A   B  C   D  E 3M
h) Mention the electrical analysis for logic 1 transfer in transmission gate. 3M

i) Discuss about the Clocked CMOS logic for inverter. 3M
j) Design a two input AND logic using complementary pass transistor logic. 3M
PART – B
2. a) Obtain the expression of mid-point voltage (VI) of CMOS inverter. 5M
b) Discuss the dynamic power dissipation of CMOS inverter in detail. 5M
(OR)
c) Discuss RC modeling of CMOS Inverter. 5M
d) Derive the expression of output High to Low time (tHL) of CMOS inverter. 5M
3. a) Explain about the Schmitt Trigger circuit for static CMOS logic. 5M
b) Briefly explain the DC characteristics of two input NAND gate and also explain NAND2 5M
voltages for the case of simultaneous switching.
(OR)
c) With a neat circuit diagram explain CMOS 6T SRAM in detail 5M
d) Design a four input pseudo-NMOS NOR gate and discuss the operation. 5M
4. a) With a neat circuit diagram explain the operations of TG based XOR gate. 5M
b) Design and explain 8:1 MUX using CMOS transmission gates. 5M
(OR)
c) Realize the Boolean function F   A  B   C  D  E  using CMOS logic. 5M
d) Explain the operation of transmission gate based register. 5M
5. a) Explain Transmission gate as control elements in TG based shift registers. 5M
b) Outline the concept of charge sharing in dynamic circuits. 5M
(OR)
c) Explain the operation of a DRAM cell. 5M
d) Implement Clocked CMOS 2-input NAND and NOR gate function. 5M
6. a) Explain pre-charge and evaluation phases in dynamic logic families with an example. 5M
b) Discuss the basic principle of Domino logic with an example. 5M
(OR)
c) Outline the concept of CVSL logic and design XOR/XNOR gate using CVSL. 5M
d) Explain the basic principle of complementary pass transistor logic. 5M

(AUTONOMOUS)
DEVOPS
(Common to Computer Science and Engineering & Information Technology)
PART – A
1. a) Describe about build automation and delivery automation. 3M
b) What are the phases of SDLC? 3M
c) What is GIT repository? 3M
d) What is unit testing? Mentions its benefits. 3M
e) What is continuous integration? 3M
f) What does containerization mean? 3M
g) What is the importance of continuous delivery? 3M
h) What are the key features of docker? 3M
i) What are the configuration management tools? 3M
j) What are the features of Kubernetes? 3M
PART – B
2. a) Explain DevOps architecture. 7M
b) Describe about agile model with a neat sketch. 7M
(OR)
c) What is DevOps? Discuss the importance and benefits of DevOps. 7M
d) Explain the automation of CI/CD. 7M
3. a) Describe about local repository and remote repository with appropriate commands. 7M
b) Explain about JUnit with example test case? 7M
(OR)
c) Discuss about Distributed Version Control System. 7M
d) Explain GIT staging and collaboration. 7M
4. a) Explain the benefits of Jenkins Pipelines? 7M

b) What is continuous integration? Mention its uses. 7M
(OR)
c) Discuss Jenkins workflow. 7M
d) Discuss about node, agent, executor. 7M
5. a) Mention the differences between continuous integration and continuous delivery. 7M

b) List and explain Docker commands. 7M
(OR)
c) Explain Docker file. 7M
d) What are Docker images and Docker file? 7M
6. a) What are the key features of ansible? 7M

b) Differentiate between Kubernetes and Docker. 7M
(OR)
c) Explain Kubernetes namespace & resources. 7M
d) Why you need Kubernetes and what it can do? 7M

(AUTONOMOUS)
CYBER SECURITY
(Computer Science and Engineering (AI & ML) )
PART - A
1. a) List the three types of cyber criminals. 3M
b) What is password sniffing? 3M
c) What is the significance of understanding how criminals plan cyber attacks? 3M
d) Explain the concept of social engineering in the context of cyber offenses. 3M
e) Explain the importance of registry settings for mobile devices in maintaining security. 3M
f) Discuss the implications of credit card frauds in the mobile and wireless computing 3M
era.
g) Define scareware, clickjacking and ransomware. 3M
h) What is the purpose of password cracking? 3M
i) What are the security implications for organization? 3M
j) List any 3 issues that IT management is preoccupied. 3M
PART - B
2. a) Explain the global perspective on cybercrimes and their impact. 7M
b) Discuss the legal perspectives on cybercrime and the challenges they pose. 7M
(OR)
c) Analyze the provisions of the Indian ITA 2000 in addressing cybercrimes and suggest 7M
possible improvements.
d) Compare and contrast the legal perspectives on cybercrime between India and a 7M
developed Western country of your choice.
3. a) Discuss the role of social engineering techniques in cyber offenses and provide 7M
examples.
b) Analyze the impact of cyber stalking on victims and suggest preventive measures. 7M
(OR)
c) Discuss the ethical implications of cybercafes in facilitating cybercrimes and suggest 7M
measures to address them.
d) Examine the role of cloud computing in mitigating cybercrimes and discuss the security 7M
measures that should be implemented.
4. a) Evaluate the security implications of mobile devices for organizations and suggest 7M
measures to address them.
b) Discuss the importance of authentication service security for mobile devices in 7M
preventing unauthorized access.
(OR)
c) Analyze the various types of attacks on mobile/cell phones and their impact on users 7M
and organizations.
d) Discuss the organizational measures for handling mobile devices in a secure manner. 7M
5. a) Explain the concept of SQL injection and its significance in cybercrime. 7M

b) Discuss the mechanism of buffer overflow attacks and their implications in cybercrime. 7M
(OR)
c) Evaluate the tools and methods used in cybercrime and their effectiveness in carrying 7M
out malicious activities.
d) Discuss the measures and strategies organizations can implement to protect 7M
themselves against cybercrime tools and methods.
Cont…2
:: 2 ::
6. a) Analyze the security threats and risks associated with web-based threats for 7M
organizations.
b) Evaluate the security and privacy implications of social media marketing for 7M
organizations and suggest strategies to address them.
(OR)
c) Discuss the challenges organizations face in ensuring the security of their social 7M
computing activities and propose strategies to overcome them.
d) Evaluate the impact of social media marketing on organizations and the steps they can 7M
take to mitigate potential risks.

(AUTONOMOUS)
RELATIONAL DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
PART – A
1. a) Define DBMS. 2M
b) Define tuple and attribute in relational model. 2M
c) What is Normalization? 2M
d) Define deadlock. How to handle it? 2M
e) List all the states of transaction. 2M
f) Define relationship sets with an example. 3M
g) Explain SET operator. 3M
h) List out any two reasons of schema refinement. 3M
i) Give the reasons for allowing concurrency. 3M
j) Differentiate between Deferred and Immediate database modification. 3M
PART - B
2. a) Define the following terms: 5M
Database
DBMS Catalog
Snapshot
Degree of a relationship
b) Design and explain ER diagram for hospital database. 5M
(OR)
c) Draw an ER diagram for UNIVERSITY Database. Assume suitable attributes for each 5M
entity.
d) List of the advantages of using DBMS. 5M
3. a) Explain the procedure of conversion to get the Relational scheme from ER model 5M
b) Consider the following relations: 5M
Employee (emp_no, emp_name, designation, DOJ, salary, dept_no)
Department (dept_id,dept_name)
Write SQL Queries for the following
List out the employees whose annual salary is more than 800000.
List all the employees who earn more than the lowest in dept_id 20.
Display all those departments in which the no. of employees is more than 4.
(OR)
c) Explain Domain Relational Calculus (DRC) with example. 5M
d) Explain about logical database design. 5M
4. a) Explain the types of anomaly. 5M
b) Discuss about schema refinement in database design. 5M
(OR)
c) Distinguish 3NF and BCNF. 5M
d) What is functional dependency? Explain the types of functional dependency. 5M
5. a) What is a transaction? What are the states of transactions and explain in brief? 5M
b) Explain about Time stamp-based protocols. 5M
(OR)
c) Write about the need for concurrency control. Explain concurrency control without 5M
locking.
d) What is Serializability? Explain Conflict Serializability with an example. 5M
Cont…2
::2::
6. a) Explain various file organization techniques. 5M

b) Explain shadow paging. 5M
(OR)
c) Explain ISAM with example? 5M
d) Explain ARIES recovery algorithm. 5M

(AUTONOMOUS)
ELECTRICAL MEASUREMENTS AND INSTRUMENTATION
PART – A
1. a) Why is damping force required for an electromechanical measuring instrument? 2M
b) Why an electrodynamometer type instrument is called a “Universal Instrument”? 2M
c) What is a Q meter? 2M
d) Discuss the condition during which the Bridge sensitivity is maximum for a detector 2M
e) Which materials are used in the manufacturing of Piezo electric transducers? 2M
f) Define the following terms related to Instrument transformers: 3M
Transformation ratio
Turns Ratio
g) Write the use of brake magnet in energy meter. 3M
h) Explain why Standardization of potentiometer is required. 3M
i) What is detector device? Why is it used in measurable by a.c bridges? 3M
j) Write applications of LVDT. 3M
PART – B
2. a) Explain the construction details of Repulsion – attraction type moving iron instrument. 5M
b) Derive the expression for torque equation of electro dynamometer wattmeter. 5M
(OR)
c) What do you think are the extension rage in Ammeters and Voltmeters? 5M
d) Derive the expressions for the ratio errors of a current transformer with a neat phasor 5M
diagram.
3. a) Explain how the following adjustments are made in induction type single-phase energy 5M
meter:
i. lag adjustment
ii. Overload compensation
iii. Creep
b) Describe the construction and working of 1-phase Dynamometer type power factor 5M
meter.
(OR)
c) Explain the special features incorporated in an electrodynamometer type of wattmeter 5M
so that it can be used for low power factor applications
d) An energy meter is designed to make 100 revolutions of the disc for one unit of energy. 5M
Calculate the number of revolutions made by it, when connected to a load carrying
40 A at 230V and 0.4 p.f. for 1 hour. If it actually makes 360 revolutions, find the
percentage error.
4. a) Explain standardization procedure of DC Potentiometer. 5M

b) Explain how the calibration of Voltmeter and current can be done using a DC 5M
Potentiometer.
(OR)
c) Explain the construction and operation of Q-meter with neat diagram. 5M
d) Explain the working of Crompton Potentiometer with a neat diagram. 5M
Cont…2
:: 2 ::
5. a) Explain about Schering bridge with a neat circuit and Phasor diagram. 5M
b) Explain the procedure of measuring a resistance with the help of Wheatstone bridge. 5M
Derive the necessary relation for finding the unknown resistance under balanced
condition of the bridge.
(OR)
c) What are the different methods used for measurement of high resistance. Explain loss of 5M
charge method.
d) Derive equation for balance and draw phase diagram for Anderson’s bridge. 5M
6. a) Explain the principle and operation of strain gauge and derive the expression for gauge 5M
factor
b) Classify Transducers and list the advantages of the electrical transducers. 5M
(OR)
c) Explain how LVDT can be used for measurement of displacement. 5M
d) Explain the working of Piezoelectric transducer. 5M

(AUTONOMOUS)
FINITE ELEMENT METHOD
PART – A
1. a) List any two properties of the shape functions for 2 node bar element. 2M
b) How many DOFs does a two-nodal, planar truss element have in its local coordinate 2M
system, and in the global coordinate system?
c) Write the strain displacement relation matrix for triangular axi-symmetric problem. 2M
d) Write the governing equation for steady-state, one-dimensional conduction with 2M
convection and heat generation?
e) Explain the steps used in FEM. 2M
f) Explain the plane stress and plane strain relations. 3M
g) Write the one dimensional stiffness matrix. 3M
h) List the conditions for a truss to be axisymmetric. 3M
i) State the assumptions in the theory of pure torsion 3M
j) Write the mass matrix for a 2 node beam element. 3M
PART – B
2. a) Derive the Stress-Strain relation matrix. 10M
(OR)
c) A bar of uniform cross-section is fixed at one end and is free at the other end. The bar 10M
is subjected to a point load of ‘P’ at its mid span in the axial direction as shown in Fig.1
below. A wall is present at a distance of 2 mm from the free end of the bar.
Considering P = 500 kN, determine the displacement at nodal points, the stress in
elements and reaction at the supports, consider the material to be structural steel with
elastic modulus 200 GPa.
Fig.1
3. a) Derive an equation for the element stiffness matrix for trusses. 10M
(OR)
c) For the three-bar truss shown Fig.2, determine the nodal displacements and the stress 10M
in each member. Find the support reactions also. Take modulus of elasticity as 200GPa.
Fig.2
Cont…2
::2::
4. a) List the applications of iso-parametric elements in two-dimensional stress analysis. Also 10M
explain any two applications in detail.
(OR)
c) Derive strain displacement [B] matrix for a 3 noded Triangular element. 10M
5. a) Derive the expression for stiffness matrix for 1D heat conduction. 10M
(OR)
c) A metallic fin, with thermal conductivity k = 400 W/m0C, 0.1 cm thick, and 5 cm long, 10M
extends from a plane wall whose temperature is equal to 2000C. Determine the
temperature distribution and the amount of heat transferred from the fin to the air at
200C with h= 10 W/m2 0C using finite element method. Take width of the fin to be equal
to 1m. Consider the heat loss through tip of the fin.
6. a) For the stepped axial bar system shown in Fig.3, find the natural frequencies of axial 10M
vibrations and for the lowest eigen value. Take E = 70 GPa and density ρ = 2700 kg/m3.
Fig.3
(OR)
c) Explain the step by step process of solving the Eigen vector problem for the estimation 10M
of natural frequencies of a beam.

(AUTONOMOUS)
MICRO PROCESSORS AND MICRO CONTROLLERS
PART – A
1. a) If a data segment begins at address 2400H, what is the address of the last location in the 2M
segment?
b) What are the advantages of using the MOVS and CMPS instructions over the MOV and 2M
CMP instructions while working with strings?
c) Write down the steps involved in transmit the data in serial mode of transmission. 2M
d) Explain about ALE and PSEN pins in 8051. 2M
e) Find the control word for PA = out, PB = in, PCL = out, PCH = out (Mode0)? 2M
f) Brief note on how multiplexed address and data on same lines are de-multiplexed in 3M
8086 microprocessor.
g) Explain the following instructions: 3M
i. JMP 3000H:2000H
ii. ADC AX,BX
h) Differentiate between synchronous and asynchronous serial data formats and transfer 3M
schemes.
i) What are the differences between microcontroller and microprocessor? 3M
j) Design a hardware circuit to interface a LED to 8051 port pin P1.5. 3M
PART – B
2. a) Express the categories under which the instructions in the instruction set of the 8086 5M
microprocessors are grouped. Explain the operation of any two instructions in each
group.
b) State the advantages of modular programming and illustrate the process by which the 5M
modules assembled separately are linked together and programs are prepared for
execution.
(OR)
c) How would you show your understanding of internal hardware architecture of 8086 5M
microprocessor with neat diagram?
d) What are the various addressing modes of 8086 microprocessor with examples? 5M
3. a) Develop assembly language program to find GCD of given two numbers. 5M

b) Explain the operation carried out when microprocessor carries out the following 5M
instructions with example:
i. AAS
ii. XCHG
iii. DAA
iv. LEA
v. SHL
(OR)
c) Write an assembly language program to inset a string in the source string. (Source string: 5M
Empty Vessels More Noise; Destination string: Make).
d) Write an 8086 ALP to find the sum of numbers in an array of 10 elements. 5M
Cont…2
:: 2 ::
4. a) Differentiate between DOS and BIOS interrupts. Give two examples for each. 4M
b) Explain about 8259A Priority Interrupt Controller with a neat diagram. 6M
(OR)
c) Explain about architecture of 8251- Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver- 5M
Transmitter (USART).
d) Differentiate asynchronous and synchronous serial communication. 5M
5. a) Illustrate the functions of TCON and TMOD registers. 5M

b) Draw the architecture of 8051 microcontroller and explain each block. 5M
(OR)
c) Write an alp to sort an array in descending order. 5M
d) Explain the procedure for interfacing external ROM with microcontroller. 5M
6. a) Design a stepper motor system using 8051 microcontroller and write the assembly 5M
language program for rotating the stepper motor in clockwise direction.
b) Illustrate the working of 8255(PPI) in different modes of operation. 5M
(OR)
c) Explain the DC motor using 8051 microcontroller with interfacing program to rotate 5M
clockwise direction. (Hint: Consider the switches are connected to P2.0-P2.3).
d) Interface a 4*4 Matrix Keypad to 8051 microcontroller and discuss the hardware and 5M
software requirements to read a key entry and store the code assigned to the key in
register R0.

(AUTONOMOUS)
FUNDAMENTALS OF IOT
PART – A
1. a) List the steps of design methodology of IoT system? 3M
b) Explain about “things” in IOT 3M
c) List out the characteristics of python and explain any of two. 3M
d) How to convert a string with an upper case to an lower case with any two methods. 3M
e) List out the limitations of SNMP 3M
f) Differentiate M2M and IoT 3M
g) Mention the main features of Raspberry pi 3M
h) What are the advantages of raspberry pi over other processor for IOT application 3M
i) Examine the need of Xively data Stream on front end infrastructure. 3M
j) Discuss Python web application framework-Django. 3M
PART – B
2. a) What are the communications Protocols that are used in the Link Layer of an IoT System? 7M
Explain them in detail
b) Explain the IOT Design Methodology and give reason for the need of each step. 7M
(OR)
c) Compare architecture of Constrained Application Protocol and Message Queue 7M
Telemetry Protocol.
d) Explain components that are used in the Generic block diagram of an IoT Device. 7M
3. a) With suitable examples explain the working with numbers in python. 7M

b) How the date and time are manipulated using datetime module with an suitable 7M
examples.
(OR)
c) Explain the concept of functions in python with necessary examples. 7M
d) Write a python program to check whether the string is a symmetrical or palindrome. 7M
4. a) How NFV can be used for virtualization of the home network. Illustrate with a neat 7M
diagram
b) Draw the SDN architecture and brief the key elements of SDN architecture. 7M
(OR)
c) Brief the overview of network operator requirements. 7M
d) Mention the steps for IoT device management with NETCONF-YANG. 7M
5. a) Identify the various components/peripherals that are available on the Raspberry Pi and 7M
give a brief explanation of them.
b) Write a code in python language for controlling the LED with Raspberry pi. 7M
(OR)
c) Experiment with Linux and justify how it can be used with respect to Raspberry Pi? 7M
d) Explain different types of communication for interfacing in Raspberry Pi. 7M
Cont…2
:: 2 ::
6. a) With a neat diagram construct the web application and messaging protocol for transfer 7M
of data between client and router?
b) Analyze the need of Xively Cloud that uses Platform-as-a-Service for creating solutions to 7M
IoT?
(OR)
c) Analyze the python-based web application framework that is used to built IoT based 7M
Applications?
d) Discuss in detail about the need for Designing a RESTful web Application Programming 7M
Interface?

(AUTONOMOUS)
AGILE PROJECT MANAGEMENT
PART - A
1. a) What are the key values of Agile software development? 3M
b) Name two challenges faced in implementing Agile methodologies. 3M
c) Explain how Agile Manifesto guides Agile software development practices. 3M
d) Name two Scrum practices that help in fostering collaboration and transparency. 3M
e) What is the role of planning in Agile product management? 3M
f) What are some techniques used to track and visualize progress in Agile? 3M
g) Define user story in Agile requirements. 3M
h) How is progress monitored in Agile product management? 3M
i) Explain the concept of Scrum of Scrums and its significance in scaling Agile for large 3M
projects.
j) List two best practices for managing communication in Scrum projects. 3M
PART - B
2. a) Discuss the principles of Agile software development and explain how they contribute to 7M
project success.
b) Compare and contrast Agile and traditional plans, highlighting their differences in 7M
different lifecycle phases.
(OR)
c) Explain the concept of waste management in the Lean approach and discuss its 7M
significance in Agile software development.
d) Describe the Kanban method and explain how it enhances the efficiency of the software 7M
development process.
3. a) Describe the twelve practices of Extreme Programming (XP) and explain how they align 14M
with Agile principles.
(OR)
c) Discuss the Scrum framework, its roles, ceremonies, and artifacts, emphasizing their 7M
importance in Agile project management.
d) Explain how Scrum values (commitment, courage, focus, openness, and respect) 7M
contribute to team collaboration and project success.
4. a) Define product engineering and explain the product engineering hierarchy. 7M

b) Explain the key communication channels and techniques used in Agile teams. 7M
(OR)
c) What tools can be used to facilitate effective planning in an Agile environment? 7M
d) Discuss how we can monitor the progress of agile project management. 7M
5. a) Explain the test-driven development (TDD) cycle using suitable diagram. 7M

b) Explain agile testing technique and how it is different from traditional software testing 7M
approach.
(OR)
c) Define product engineering and explain the product engineering hierarchy. 7M
d) What is FDD? Discuss the key principles and practices of FDD and how it differs from 7M
other Agile approaches.
Cont…2
:: 2 ::
6. a) How can we monitor and track scrum projects? Give major approaches. 7M
b) Discuss the challenges and strategies for ensuring effective communication among team 7M
members, stakeholders, and across multiple teams.
(OR)
c) How does the Scrum of Scrums facilitate communication and alignment between teams? 7M
d) What do you understand by a team collaboration and list out its benefits. 7M

(AUTONOMOUS)
IMAGE PROCESSING
PART – A
1. a) What are the steps in Image acquisition? 3M
b) How pixels are used in representing an image? 3M
c) What are the Arithmetic operations on pixels? 3M
d) Give the Properties of one-dimensional DFT. 3M
e) What is the purpose of image enhancement? 3M
f) Explain briefly about frequency domain Low Pass Filter. 3M
g) What is the purpose of Image Compression? 3M
h) Define histogram. 3M
i) What are the primary colors and Pseudo colors? 3M
j) Define Gradient Operator? 3M
PART – B
2. a) Illustrate different fundamental steps in Digital Image Processing. 7M
b) Let V = {1,2} and compute the lengths of the shortest 4-, 8-, and m-path between p and 7M
q. If a particular path does not exist between these points, explain why.
3 1 2 1 (q)
2 2 0 2
1 2 1 1
(p) 1 0 1 2
(OR)
c) Explain different types of adjacency in image processing by taking an example for each. 7M
d) Consider the two image subsets, S1 and S2, shown in the following figure. For V = {1}, 7M
determine whether these two subsets are adjacent:
i. 4-adjacent
ii. 8-adjacent
iii. m-adjacent
3. a) Explain briefly the sampling theorem. 7M

b) Write a brief note on Fast Fourier transform (FFT). 7M
(OR)
c) List the properties of Discrete Cosine Transform. 7M
d) Bring out the significance of Discrete Fourier Transform. List any five properties of 7M
Discrete Fourier Transform.
Cont…2
:: 2 ::
4. a) How do you distinguish neighborhood operations from point operations? Explain how 7M
you will be able to smoothen an image in spatial domain using 3 X 3 Kernel?
b) The histogram of the whole image value r ranging from 0 to 7 is given by: 7M
r 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
H(r) 2 4 5 2 3 3 3 3
Use histogram equalization and arrive at the mapping of old r to new r and plot the
corresponding new values of r.
(OR)
c) Compute the mean value and median value of the pixels of underlined numbers using 7M
3 X 3 mask.
18 22 33 25 32 24
34 128 24 172 26 23
22 19 32 31 28 26
d) Consider the following 4x4 matrix of a 3-bit image, find histogram matching of this 7M
image using the following desired histogram.
2 3 3 2
4 2 4 3
3 2 3 5
2 4 2 4
5. a) Distinguish between spatial domain and frequency domain enhancement Techniques in 7M
image processing.
b) Illustrate the implementation of Laplacian in the Frequency Domain. 7M
(OR)
c) Explain different frequency domain methods for image enhancement. 7M
d) What is Low Pass Filter (LPF) in frequency domain? Briefly discuss the perspective plot of 7M
an ideal lowpass filter transfer function.
6. a) Give the comparison among Segmentation in HSI Color Space and Segmentation in RGB 7M
Vector Space.
b) What is thresholding? Explain threshold selection based on boundary characteristics. 7M
(OR)
c) Briefly explain the schematics of the RGB color cube. 7M
d) Briefly discuss different approaches of edge detection. 7M

(AUTONOMOUS)
ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
(Civil Engineering)
PART - A
1. a) Define Economic Minerals. 2M
b) Define petrology. 2M
c) Define Dip and Strike. 2M
d) What are the causes of landslides? 2M
e) What is over break? 2M
f) What is lusture? Explain different types of lustures. 3M
g) What are the three major geological classifications of rocks? 3M
h) What are the types of unconformities? 3M
i) Explain about Richter scale. 3M
j) What are the conditions for lining of tunnels? 3M
PART - B
2. a) Explain the significance of mineralogical studies in engineering geology. 5M
b) Explain the scope of geology in civil engineering. 5M
(OR)
c) Explain hardness, fracture and lustre properties. 5M
d) Explain the roles of Feldspar and Quartz in the field of engineering geology. 5M
3. a) What are structures of igneous rocks? 5M

b) Give classification of sedimentary rocks. 5M
(OR)
c) What is metamorphism? Explain different types of metamorphism. 5M
d) Explain the properties of: 5M
i. Dolerite
ii. Limestone
4. a) Differentiate between anticlines and synclines. 5M

b) Compare and contrast normal faults and reverse faults. 5M
(OR)
c) Write a note on the classification of Joints. 5M
d) With neat sketches, explain different types of faults. 5M
5. a) List the modes of propagation of seismic waves 5M

b) Explain the classification of Landslides. 5M
(OR)
c) Explain about the effects of earthquakes. 5M
d) Explain the following terms: 5M
i. Focus
ii. Epicenter
iii. Focal depth
Cont…2
:: 2 ::
6. a) Describe the key geological factors to be considered when selecting a dam site. 5M
b) Discuss the key factors contributing to the success of a reservoir. 5M
(OR)
c) Discuss the significance of geophysical investigations for dams and reservoirs. 5M
d) Discuss the effects of tunneling on the ground. 5M

(AUTONOMOUS)
MACHINE DESIGN
PART – A
1. a) What is radial and thrust bearing? 3M
b) What are the advantages and disadvantages of long bearings over short bearings? 3M
c) What are the advantages of single plateclutch over multi-plate clutch? 3M
d) What is the function of brake and State different types of brakes. 3M
e) Classify gears 3M
f) List the advantages of spur gears 3M
g) State the application areas where worm gears are used 3M
h) State the application areas bevel gears are used 3M
i) What are the functions of the piston? 3M
j) Why is piston clearance necessary? What is its usual value? 3M
PART – B
2. a) A full journal bearing of length 100mm, journal diameter 80mm supports a load of 14M
2.5kN at 600 rpm. What viscosity oil should be used to limit the bearing surface
temperature to 600C. The room temperature is 200C and the clearance ratio is 0.001
(OR)
c) A single-row deep groove ball bearing is subjected to a radial force of 8 kN and a thrust 14M
force of 3 kN. The shaft rotates at 1200 rpm. The expected life L10h of the bearing is
20 000 h. The minimum acceptable diameter of the shaft is 75 mm. Select a suitable
ball bearing for this application.
3. a) A plate clutch consists of one pair of contacting surfaces. The inner and outer 14M
diameters of the friction disk are 100 and 200 mm respectively. The coefficient of
friction is 0.2 and the permissible intensity of pressure is 1 N/mm2. Assuming uniform-
wear theory and uniform pressure theory, calculate the power-transmitting capacity of
the clutch at 750 rpm.
(OR)
c) Draw a neat sketch of a single plate and a multiple plate clutch and explain its working 14M
4. a) It is required to design a pair of spur gears with 20° full-depth involute teeth based on 14M
the Lewis equation. The velocity factor is to be used to account for dynamic load. The
pinion shaft is connected to a 10 kW, 1440 rpm motor. The starting torque of the
motor is 150% of the rated torque. The speed reduction is 4: 1. The pinion as well as
the gear is made of plain carbon steel 40C8 (Sut = 600 N/mm2). The factor of safety can
be taken as 1.5. Design the gears, specify their dimensions and suggest suitable surface
hardness for the gears.
Cont…2
:: 2 ::
(OR)
c) A pair of parallel helical gears consists of 24 teeth pinion rotating at 5000 rpm and 14M
supplying 2.5 kW power to a gear. The speed reduction is 4 : 1. The normal pressure
angle andhelix angle are 20° and 23° respectively. Both gears are made of hardened
steel (Sut = 750 N/mm2). The service factor and the factor of safety are 1.5 and 2
respectively. The gears are finished to meet the accuracy of Grade 4.
i. In the initial stages of gear design, assume that the velocity factor accounts for the
dynamic load and that the face width is ten times the normal module. Assuming
thepitch line velocity to be 10 m/s, estimate the normal module.
ii. Select the first preference value of the normal module and calculate the main
dimensions of the gears.
5. a) A pair of bevel gears, with 20° pressure angle, consists of a 20 teeth pinion 14M
meshing with a 30 teeth gear. The module is 4 mm, while the face width is 20 mm. The
material for the pinion and gear is steel 50C4 (Sut = 750 N/mm2). The gear teeth are
lapped and ground (Class-3) and the surface hardness is 400 BHN. The pinion
rotates at 500 rpm and receives 2.5 kW power from the electric motor. The starting
torque of the motor is 150% of the rated torque. Determine the factor of safety
against bending failure and against pitting failure.
(OR)
c) A pair of worm and worm wheel is designated as,1/30/10/10 14M

The input speed of the worm is 1200 rpm. The worm wheel is made of centrifugally
cast, phosphor-bronze and the worm is made of case-hardened carbon steel 14C6.
Determine the power transmitting capacity based on the beam strength.
6. a) The following data is given for the piston of a four-stroke diesel engine: 14M
Cylinder bore = 250 mm
Material of piston rings = Grey cast iron
Allowable tensile stress = 100 N/mm2
Allowable radial pressure on cylinder wall= 0.03 MPa
Thickness of piston head = 42 mm
Number of piston rings = 4
Calculate:
i. radial width of the piston rings;
ii. axial thickness of the piston rings;
iii. gap between the free ends of the piston ring before assembly;
iv. gap between the free ends of the piston ring after assembly;
v. width of the top land;
vi. width of the ring grooves;
vii. thickness of the piston barrel; and
viii. thickness of the barrel at open end
(OR)
c) Explain the necessity for piston rings and explain in detail the guidelines for design of 14M
piston rings.

(AUTONOMOUS)
HEAT TRANSFER
PART - A
1. a) Define heat transfer coefficient. 2M
b) Define fin efficiency and fin effectiveness? 2M
c) Define hydrodynamic entrance length. 2M
d) What are the effects of fouling in heat exchangers? 2M
e) Define shape factor. 2M
f) Write the characteristic equation for all three modes of heat transfer. 3M
g) List the different types of fins along with their specific applications. 3M
h) State the broad areas of applications of Dimensional Analysis. 3M
i) Write the classification of heat exchangers based on their geometry. 3M
j) What are the outcomes from Planck’s law of black body radiation? 3M
PART - B
2. a) Derive one dimensional radial heat conduction equation through Cartesian 10M
coordinates.
(OR)
c) With the help of neat diagrams explain the three modes of heat transfer. 10M
3. a) Derive an expression for temperature distribution for a long fin of uniform cross 10M
section without insulated tip.
(OR)
c) A steel rod of 12mmx12mm with a length of 159mm protrudes into air at 35 0C from a 10M
furnace wall at 2000C. The thermal conductivity of the material is 51.9W/mk and the
convective heat transfer coefficient is 22W/m2K. Determine the following:
i. The end temperature assuming the end to be insulated.
ii. The temperature at a distance of 80mm from the wall.
4. a) Define prandtl number and explain its significance. 5M

b) Air at temperature of 15oC and velocity 1.23 m/s is allowed to flow over a flat plate at 5M
125oC. The plate dimensions are 75 cm length and 15 cm width. Calculate
i. Thermal boundary layer thickness at the trailing edge.
ii. Average heat transfer coefficient.
(OR)
c) Explain boundary layer theory in case of natural convection from a vertical wall. 5M
d) A vertical cylinder at 164oC is placed in stagnant Nitrogen which is at 36oC. Cylinder is 5M
50 cm in length and 2.54 cm in diameter. Calculate
i. Average heat transfer coefficient and
ii. Total heat transfer from the cylinder to Nitrogen.
5. a) With neat sketch discuss the phenomenon of pool boiling. 5M
b) Hot water at 1.5 kg/s and 75oC enters a concentric pipe heat exchanger. Cold water at 5M
3.2 kg/s and 20oC enters the same heat exchanger, moves in parallel flow direction and
leaves at 40oC. Calculate the overall heat transfer coefficient of the heat exchanger if
the total surface area is 6.8 m2.
Cont…2
:: 2 ::
(OR)
c) Brief different active techniques for electronic cooling? 5M
d) A shell-and-tube heat exchanger with four tube passes is used to cool exhaust gases 5M
entering at 1.56 kg/s and at 275oC. Cooling water at 3.4 kg/s is allowed to enter the
heat exchanger at 42oC and passes through the tubes. Overall heat transfer coefficient
is 2400 W/m2K and overall surface area is 8.75 m2. Calculate,
i. Effectiveness of the heat exchanger
ii. Actual heat transfer between the fluids
6. a) Discuss the following: 10M
i. Stefan Boltzman law
ii. Emissivity
iii. Wien’s law
(OR)
c) Two large parallel plates of emissivity 0.8 and 0.6 are at 5000C and 1000C. If a radiation 10M
shield of emissivity 0.04 is inserted between the two plates estimate the percentage
reduction in heat transfer.

(AUTONOMOUS)
VLSI PHYSICAL DESIGN AUTOMATION
PART – A
1. a) Explain the technology mapping design tools related to physical design. 3M
b) Briefly explain Design Management Tools in physical design. 3M
c) What are the goals of Layout compaction? 3M
d) Discuss the applications of Layout compaction. 3M
e) What are Feed through wires? 3M
f) Define Shape function with a suitable example. 3M
g) Discuss compiler driven simulation. 3M
h) Write a brief note on Combinational Logic Synthesis. 3M
i) Explain Mobility-based Scheduling in detail. 3M
j) Mention the differences between assignment and allocation. 3M
PART – B
2. a) Explain about the Structural and Logic design in VLSI design. 7M
b) Explain about the Transistor level design in VLSI design. 7M
(OR)
c) Explain about the Algorithms and System design in VLSI design. 7M
d) Discuss about the verification methods that are generally followed in VLSI design. 7M
3. a) Discuss Minimum-distance design rules on a lambda grid with an example. 7M
b) With a pseudo-code explain Bellman-Ford algorithm in detail. 7M
(OR)
c) Describe about Standard cell and Building block placement in VLSI Physical design. 7M
d) Explain how Kernighan-Lin algorithm applied for Partitioning problem. 7M
4. a) Briefly explain the Steiner tree routing algorithm. 7M
b) Briefly explain path connection or maze routing algorithm with an example. 7M
(OR)
c) Briefly explain the different types of Local Routing Problems. 7M
d) Explain channel routing algorithm with example. 7M
5. a) Discuss about Compiler driven simulation. 7M
b) Illustrate about Binary-Decision diagrams with an example. 7M
(OR)
c) Discuss about array implementation and time-wheel implementation of event queues in 7M
Event driven simulation.
d) Explain the principle, construction and manipulation of ROBDD. 7M
6. a) What is High level synthesis? Discuss briefly about the hardware models used for high 7M
level synthesis.
b) Describe the ASAP scheduling algorithm. Explain its role in high level synthesis. 7M
(OR)
c) Describe the Force-directed scheduling algorithm. Explain its role in high level synthesis. 7M
d) Briefly explain about High-level Transformations that are applied for DFG’s. 7M

(AUTONOMOUS)
LOW POWER VLSI DESIGN
PART - A
1. a) What are the principles of low power design 3M
b) List the different low power VLSI design limits. 3M
c) Define the signal probability and signal activity? 3M
d) What is glitching power dissipation? 3M
e) Explain sizing an inverter chain. 3M
f) What are the mapping steps of network Restructuring. 3M
g) What is a fully complementary Logic? 3M
h) Mention the power reduction techniques in clock networks. 3M
i) Explain two-input multiplexor using pass transistor logic. 3M
j) Implement of Y = S’A’ + SB’ using static CMOS logic and pass transistor logic. 3M
PART - B
2. a) Briefly explain the importance of Load capacitance of power dissipation in CMOS 7M
circuits
b) With neat sketches explain the operation of MIS structure using energy band 7M
diagrams.
(OR)
c) Obtain the Short Circuit Power Dissipation in CMOS Inverter 7M
d) Long channel MOSFET: 7M
i. Body Effect
ii. Subthreshold current
3. a) Briefly explain statistical techniques to estimate average power in sequential circuits? 7M
b) Discuss about Monte-carlo based estimation of glitching power? 7M
(OR)
c) Explain the estimation of power using input vector compaction. 7M
d) Explain the how to estimate the average power in combinational circuits. 7M
4. a) With an example explain how Transistor Network Restructuring reduces power. 7M
b) With a neat circuit diagram explain the following in detail: 7M
i. Single edge triggered flipflop
ii. Double edge triggered flip-flop
(OR)
c) Explain the effect of Transistor Sizing for Dynamic and leakage power reduction. 7M
d) With a neat circuit diagram explain Flip-flop with self clock-gating and compare Power 7M
dissipation of self-gating flip-flop v/s regular flip-flop.
5. a) Discuss how to minimize leakage current effects in deep sub - micrometer transistors. 7M
b) Explain the following: 7M
i. Multiple threshold voltage
ii. Multiple supply voltages
(OR)
c) Discuss about the Delay Balancing special techniques for low power design. 7M
d) Explain SRAM organization and propose a way to minimize power in SRAM circuit. 7M
Cont...2
:: 2 ::
6. a) Explain the Adiabatic logic operation with neat diagram. 7M

b) With an example briefly explain algorithm transformations to match computational 7M
resources.
(OR)
c) Discuss Power Efficiency of Adiabatic Logic. 7M
d) Explain An asynchronous processing unit with a neat diagram. 7M

(AUTONOMOUS)
FUNDAMENTALS OF OPERATING SYSTEMS
(Computer Science and Engineering(AI&ML))
PART – A
1. a) What is a control program in term of operating system’s view? 3M
b) What are the other names of kernel mode? 3M
c) Name some classic problems of synchronization? 3M
d) What is a resource-allocation graph? Give an example? 3M
e) What is purpose of memory management unit (MMU)? 3M
f) Define pure demand paging. 3M
g) What is meant by locality reference? 3M
h) List the operations that can be performed on a Directory. 3M
i) What is called circular wait? 3M
j) What is called frozen state? 3M
PART – B
2. a) Explain Batch operating systems. 7M
b) What are the two modes of operating systems? Explain with neat sketch. 7M
(OR)
c) Discuss Distributed systems with neat sketch. 7M
d) Briefly explain the special purpose system. 7M
3. a) Assume arrival order is: P1, P2, P3, P4, P5 at time 0,1,2,3,4 respectively and a smaller 7M
priority number implies a higher priority. Draw the Gantt charts for preemptive and non-
preemptive priority scheduling. Calculate Average Turnaround Time and Average Waiting
Time:
Process id Priority Burst time
P1 3 1
P2 1 4
P3 4 2
P4 0 6
P5 2 3
b) Explain queuing diagram representation of process scheduler with figure. 7M
(OR)
c) Following is the snapshot of a CPU: 7M
Process No. Arrival Time Priority Burst Time
P1 0 2 1
P2 2 3 3
P3 3 1 2
If the CPU scheduling policy is Priority Scheduling, calculate the average waiting time and
average turn around time. (Lower number means higher priority).
d) Explain Peterson‟s solution for mutual exclusion problem. 7M
Cont…2
::2::
4. a) Consider an reference string 6, 1, 1, 2, 0, 3, 4, 6, 0, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 0, 3, 2, 1, 4, 0 7M

Find the number of Page Faults with FIFO, Optimal Page replacement and LRU with 3
frames which are empty initially.
b) Give the detailed description of hardware implementation of a page table with 7M
translation Look-Aside Buffer.
(OR)
c) Compare Paging with Segmentation. 7M
d) Explain thrashing. 7M
5. a) What is File system and what are the various File access methods? Explain. 7M
b) Explain any 4 most common schemes for defining the Logical Structure of a Directory 7M
(OR)
c) Write a detailed note on various file access methods with neat sketch. 7M
d) Explain about the free space management. 7M
6. a) Considering an example explain how deadlock occurs in system. 7M

b) Differentiate between deadlock prevention and deadlock avoidance. 7M
(OR)
c) Allocation Max Available 14M
ABC ABC ABC
P0 010 753 332
P1 200 322
P2 302 902
P3 211 222
P4 002 433
Using Banker’s algorithm generate need matrix.
Why is the system in safe state when there’s a request for (3,2,0)?
If yes, what is the safe sequence?

(AUTONOMOUS)
DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURES
(Civil Engineering)
PART – A
1. a) Explain different limit states as per IS800-2007 3M
b) Write the advantage of limit state method 3M
c) Discuss in brief about plastic hinge formation 3M
d) Write a note on web Buckling and draw suitable sketches. 3M
e) Explain different types of failures in tension members. 3M
f) What type of failures need to consider in the design of compression members. 3M
g) Define the term web crippling. 3M
h) What is the purpose of end bearing stiffeners in a plate girder 3M
i) What are the loads to be consider in the design of roof truss 3M
j) Neatly sketch and identify the component parts of stiffened plate girder. 3M
PART – B
2. a) Write short notes on limit states considered by the Indian standard design code 7M
b) Write the partial load factors adopted for the following load combination 7M
i. DL
ii. LL
iii. WL
iv. DL+LL
v. DL +WL
(OR)
c) A single bolted double cover butt joint is used to connect two plates which are 8 mm 14M
thick. Assuming 16 mm diameter bolts of grade 4.6 and cover plates to be 6 mm thick,
Calculate the strength and efficiency of the joint. If 4 bolts are provided in the bolt line
at a pitch of 45 mm as shown in figure.
Fig.1
3. a) A tie member in a truss member is 250 mm by 14 mm in size. It is welded to a 10 mm 14M
thick gusset plate by a fillet weld. The overlap of the member is 300 mm and the weld
size is 6 mm. Determine the design strength of the joint, if the welding is done as
shown in figure.
Fig.2
Cont…2
::2::
(OR)
c) Design a laterally unsupported I-beam section that carries a UDL load of 10kN/m. 14M
Assume the effective span 6m and stiff bearing length of beam 150mm. use grade of
steel as Fe410, fy 250 MPa.
4. a) Calculate the design compressive load for a stanchion 350 @ 710.2 N/m (72.4 kg/m), 7M
3.5 m high. The column is restrained in direction and position at both the ends. It is to
be used an uncased column in a single-storey building. Use steel of grade Fe410.
b) Design a column to support a factored load of 1050 kN. The column has an effective 7M
length of 7.0 m with respect to z axis and 5.0 m with respect to y axis. Use steel of grade
Fe 410.
(OR)
c) Design a built-up column that was subjected to 400kN axial load. The effective height of 14M
column 5m. Use two channel sections back to back as built up column that was
connected by single lacing system. Connection need not be consider.
5. a) Design a welded plate girder of 20 m span using the tension field action for the 14M
following factored forces. Maximum moment, Mz = 5000 kNm, Maximum shear force =
900 kN, The girder is laterally restrained. Use steel of grade Fe 410 and assume yield
stress of steel to be 250 MPa irrespective of thickness of plates. Connections need not
be designed. Avoid intermediate and bearing stiffener.
(OR)
c) Design the end bearing stiffeners of a weld plate girder of bridge deck .The clear span 14M
of girder is 20m and the girder is subjected to dead load 25kN/m , imposed load
15kN/m. Assume 8mm thick plates used for plate girder with stiff bearing length
150mm.Assume suitable design data if required.
6. a) As per design code write different types of loads and combinations considered in the 7M
design of truss roof structure
b) Explain the components of roof truss with neat sketch. 7M
(OR)
c) Design an I-section purlin for an industrial building situated in the outskirt of 14M
Pondicherry to support a galvanized iron sheet roof for the following data.
Slope of truss= 30
Spacing of truss= 5.0 m
Span of truss = 15 m
Spacing of purlins = 2.5 m
Weight of G.I iron sheet= 120 N/m2
Grade of steel= Fe 410

(AUTONOMOUS)
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
(Civil Engineering)
PART – A
1. a) What are the permissible limits of chlorides and fluorides for domestic consumption as 2M
per IS code?
b) What are the advantages of intermittent system of supply? 2M
c) What do you mean by detention period? 2M
d) List any four commonly used coagulants. 2M
e) With the help of sketch, enumerate catch basins. 2M
f) Differentiate between conservancy and water carriage system. 3M
g) What is meant by modification of ASP and list any two modifications. 3M
h) Explain the working principle of trickling filter treatment of sewage. 3M
i) Explain sludge drying beds. 3M
j) Give any three objectives of sludge digestion. 3M
PART – B
2. a) Explain the Factors governing location of intake structures. 5M
b) Compute the ‘fire demand’ for a city having population of 140000 using National Board 5M
of Underwriters, Kutchling’s and Freeman formula.
(OR)
c) Explain the factors affecting per capita demand of water. 5M
d) The design population of a town is 15000. The average percapita demand is 135 lpcd. 5M
Determine the average daily, maximum daily and maximum hourly demand of water.
3. a) Explain the jar test procedure of coagulation with neat sketch. 5M
b) What are the various forms of chlorination? Discuss in detail. 5M
(OR)
c) Describe working of a slow sand filter with the help of a sketch 5M
d) Name various disinfection methods and explain any one of them in detail. 5M
4. a) The 5-day BOD of a domestic wastewater is determined to be 250 mg/l at 20°C. The BOD 5M
constant is assumed to be 0.24 per day. What would be the 1-day BOD, if the test is
performed at 35°C?
b) What is dry weather flow (DWF)? Give any three factors affecting DWF. 5M
(OR)
c) What are sewer appurtenances? List and explain any two of them with a neat sketch. 5M
d) Distinguish between BOD and COD and explain their role in wastewater treatment. 5M
5. a) Explain the treatment of sewage by activated sludge process using a flow diagram. 5M
b) Determine the settling velocity of grit particle of diameter 0.15mm, given the 5M
temperature of wastewater as 30oC, density of the particle 2.40g/cc. Also calculate the
surface loading rate for the grit chamber. Assume data if needed.
(OR)
c) Describe the functioning of a trickling filter with a neat sketch. 5M
d) Write the importance of biological treatment in waste water treatment plant. 5M
6. a) List any six conditions favorable for land disposal of sewage. 5M
b) Explain septic tank with a neat sketch. 5M
(OR)
c) Explain sewage disposal by method of Irrigation in detail. 5M
d) Enumerate with a sketch of an oxidation pond. 5M

(AUTONOMOUS)
REAL TIME SYSTEM DESIGN
PART – A
1. a) List the differences between Operating System and Real Time Operating System. 3M
b) Define response time. 3M
c) Differentiate between hardware and software interrupt. 3M
d) Explain different types of Topology. 3M
e) Define semaphore. 3M
f) What is scheduling. 3M
g) Explain memory management in RTOS. 3M
h) Explain two types of passing a value to subroutine from main function. 3M
i) What is a finite state machine? 3M
j) List the Qualities of real-Time software. 3M
PART – B
2. a) Classify real time system and explain them with example. 7M
b) Define CPU utilization factor with an example. 7M
(OR)
c) What are the factors that effect the design and implementation of real time system. 7M
d) Write any 4 applications of RTOS. 7M
3. a) With neat diagram explain the procedure for Handling Multiple interrupts with an 7M
external priority interrupt controller.
b) Examine about Interrupt-Driven Input/output Interfacing. 7M
(OR)
c) With neat diagrammatic explain the Basic processor architecture. 7M
d) Illustrate about Pipelined Instruction Processing in a five-stage Pipeline? 7M
4. a) Discuss in detail about Task-Control Block Model? 7M

b) Explain the role of kernel in Operating Systems? 7M
(OR)
c) Explain about system services for application programs. 7M
d) Explain the selection Criteria for Commercial Real-Time Operating Systems. 7M
5. a) What are procedural languages and how are they different from object oriented 7M
languages.
b) What is the fitness of a programming language for real-time applications? 7M
(OR)
c) Elaborate cardelli’s criteria in choosing an assembly language for coding a real time 7M
system.
d) Explain exception handling in detail. 7M
6. a) Discuss the Qualities of Real-Time Software. 7M
b) Explain object-oriented design approaches. 7M
(OR)
c) Explain the Parnas Partitioning of graphics rendering Software With a neat diagram. 7M
d) Elaborate on the design Activity for Real-Time System Engineers. 7M

(AUTONOMOUS)
ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS
PART – A
1. a) Discuss the historical development of neural networks and highlight key milestones 3M
in their evolution.
b) What is axon? Give its function 3M
c) Discuss about Perceptron Learning Rule 3M
d) List the principles of Hebbian learning? 3M
e) Define a feed-forward network and its role in neural network architectures. 3M
f) Discuss the architecture of a single-layer perceptron and its components. 3M
g) Explain Multilayer Perception networks. 3M
h) Compare Generalized Delta Learning Rule and Back Propagation rule. 3M
i) List the various applications using the MRI Algorithm. 3M
j) How is madaline net formed from adaline net. 3M
PART – B
2. a) Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of supervised learning in artificial neural 7M
networks.
b) Analyze the similarities and differences between artificial neural networks and 7M
biological neural networks.
(OR)
c) Discuss different types of activation functions commonly used in artificial neural 7M
networks and their properties.
d) Explain Neural Network Architecture and Learning Methods. 7M
3. a) Describe the architecture of the McCulloch-Pitts neuron model and how it processes 7M
input signals.
b) Discuss the Boltzmann learning algorithm and its role in training Boltzmann 7M
machines.
(OR)
c) Distinguish between Delta Learning rule and Competitive Learning Rule. 7M
d) Explain the Hebb’s neural network for AND operation. 7M
4. a) Explain the Perceptron Convergence Theorem and its significance in the training 7M
process.
b) Explain the concept of decision boundaries in the context of single-layer perceptron 7M
classification.
(OR)
c) Evaluate the effectiveness of the perception algorithm in solving real-world 7M
classification tasks.
d) Discuss about the functioning of feed forward neural network with learning XOR 7M
function.
5. a) Compare Local minima and Global minima. 7M
b) For a multilayer feed forward neural network using back propagation algorithm 7M
derive output equations and weight update equations.
Cont…2
::2::
(OR)
c) What are the factors that affect the performance of multilayer feed-forward neural 7M
network?
d) Explain Back propagation learning with the network. 7M
6. a) Draw the ADALINE implementation for AND and OR functions. 7M

b) Compare and contrast Adaline networks with other neural network models, such as 7M
the perceptron or multilayer perceptron.
(OR)
c) Describe the MRI (Multiple Resolution Iterative) algorithm used in training Madaline 7M
networks and its advantages in improving network performance.
d) Discuss the limitations of Adaline networks and potential challenges in their training 7M
and application.

(AUTONOMOUS)
DISTRIBUTED GENERATION AND MICRO-GRIDS
PART - A
1. a) What is distributed generation, and why is it needed? 3M
b) What are the advantages of distributed generation compared to centralized power 3M
generation?
c) Explain different types of Transmission systems. 3M
d) What is the concept of aggregating multiple DG units? 3M
e) Explain Steady state and dynamic analysis. 3M
f) What are the differences between Passive and Active Distribution Networks? 3M
g) How does the load profile and demand patterns influence the sizing of a microgrid? 3M
h) What role does renewable energy potential play in the sizing of microgrids? 3M
i) How does the structure of an AC-DC microgrid differ from a traditional AC-only or DC- 3M
only microgrid?
j) How are AC and DC sources integrated within the structure of an AC-DC microgrid? 3M
PART - B
2. a) Discuss the role of renewable energy sources in distributed generation systems. 7M
b) Analyze the various factors that influence the optimal placement of DG sources in a 7M
distribution system.
(OR)
c) Compare and contrast different types of renewable sources, such as solar, wind, 7M
biomass, and hydro, in the context of distributed generation.
d) Evaluate the potential of renewable sources in distributed generation to address energy 7M
access challenges in remote areas.
3. a) Analyze the impact of inverter-based DGs interfaces on power quality of the grid. 7M
b) Write the requirements and standards for inverter-based DGs. 7M
(OR)
c) Explain the impact of DGs upon protective relaying. 7M
d) With neat sketches explain the different interconnection schemes of a micro grid. 7M
4. a) Examine the different voltage control techniques employed in Distributed Generation. 7M

b) Explain about the steady state and transient stability of DG based systems. 7M
(OR)
c) Elaborate on the impacts and limitations of DGs. 7M
d) Explain how reactive power control is carried out using the integration of DGs? 7M
5. a) List the challenges and disadvantages of micro grid. 7M

b) Discuss the significance of power electronic interfaces used for micro grids. 7M
(OR)
c) Explain the different types of micro grids. 7M
d) Describe the configuration of Autonomous and Non-Autonomous grids. 7M
Cont…2
:: 2 ::
6. a) Discuss the fundamental principles and operating principles of virtual impedance control. 7M
b) Explain voltage droop control in inverter-based distributed generators. 7M
(OR)
c) Discuss the concept of peak demand and its relevance to microgrid sizing. 7M
d) Discuss the Structure of a deregulated industry. 7M

(AUTONOMOUS)
DEEP LEARNING FOR COMPUTER VISION
PART - A
1. a) Explain Edge, Blobs and Corner Detection in computer vision 3M
b) Write a note on Random Sample Consensus (RANSAC). 3M
c) Mention different loss functions used in CNN 3M
d) Write the differences between deep learning and machine learning 3M
e) Explain CNN for object detection. 3M
f) What is the difference between YOLO and SSD? 3M
g) What is a pixel RNN? 3M
h) What is the difference between VAEs and GANs? 3M
i) Compare Progressive GANs and StackGANs? 3M
j) List the applications of GANs. 3M
PART – B
2. a) Draw and explain the image sensing pipeline. Also compare CCD and CMOS image 7M
sensors.
b) Illustrate the convolution operation with appropriate example. 7M
(OR)
c) Explain different types of linear filters used for smoothing an Image. 7M
d) Describe any one blob detection method. 7M
3. a) Explain backpropagation algorithm. 7M
b) Write any three activation functions used in CNN 7M
(OR)
c) Explain the architecture of AlexNet. 7M
d) Explain the architecture of DenseNets. 7M
4. a) Describe the architecture of Mask-RCNN. 7M
b) Explain the following with respect to CNNs for Segmentation FCN and U-Net. 7M
(OR)
c) What is the difference between Siamese network triplet loss and contrastive loss? 7M
d) Compare: 7M
R-CNN
Fast R-CNN
Faster RCNN
5. a) Describe Pixel Recurrent Neural Networks. 7M
b) What are the differences between pixel CNN and RNN? Explain 7M
(OR)
c) Explain working of Generative Adversarial Network. 7M
d) What are deep generative models? What are its applications? 7M
6. a) Discuss the super resolution application of GANs (SR-GANs). 7M

b) Explain 3D Object Generation using GANs 7M
(OR)
c) Explain the architecture of CycleGAN with neat diagram. 7M
d) Explain the architecture of Progressive GANs with neat diagram. 7M

(AUTONOMOUS)
HIGH VOLTAGE DC TRANSMISSION
PART – A
1. a) Compare any three points for which AC is more advantages over HVDC. 3M
b) What are the different HVDC projects in India and their technical specifications? 3M
c) Explain principle of a DC link control. 3M
d) Define firing angle control. 3M
e) Explain about DC Converter. 3M
f) Illustrate use of PU. 3M
g) Explain the methods to stop radio interference in HVDC. 3M
h) Explain about smoothing reactors. 3M
i) What is the Effects of Pulse number on harmonics? 3M
j) Explain design of high pass filters to remove harmonics. 3M
PART – B
2. a) Discuss about the modern trends of HVDC System. 7M
b) Compare AC and DC Transmission based on three important factors. 7M
(OR)
c) Explain about planning for HVDC Transmission. 7M
d) What are the four major Applications of DC Transmission? Explain. 7M
3. a) Explain basic converter control characteristics. 7M

b) With a neat diagram explain hierarchical control structure for a DC link. 7M
(OR)
c) Illustrate the merits and demerits of constant current control and constant voltage 7M
control of a HVDC link.
d) Explain the Extinction angle control of HVDC system. 7M
4. a) Discuss the requirements of reactive power in steady state condition. 7M
b) Describe briefly the different solutions of dc load flow. 7M
(OR)
c) Categorize the various approaches to the solution of AC-DC power flow. 7M
d) Derive the expression for Average DC Voltage in HDVC convertor. 7M
5. a) Analyze over current protection in converter station. 7M
b) Analyze space charge field and corona effects on DC lines. 7M
(OR)
c) Analyze over voltage protection in converter station. 7M
d) Analyze about surge arresters and smoothing reactors. 7M
6. a) With a neat schematic diagram explain 12 pulse converter unit. 7M

b) Discuss about generation of Harmonics. 7M
(OR)
c) Explain Calculation of voltage and Current harmonics. 7M
d) Investigate Characteristics harmonics, Non-Characteristics harmonics. 7M

(AUTONOMOUS)
SPECIAL ELECTRICAL MACHINES
PART – A
1. a) What are the features of switched reluctance motor? 3M
b) List the types of converters used to drive switched reluctance motor. 3M
c) List the applications of stepper motors in electric vehicles. 3M
d) What is the Advantage of stepper motor? 3M
e) What are the features of PMDC Motor? 3M
f) List out various magnetic materials used for Permanent Magnet DC Motor. 3M
g) What are the advantages of Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motor? 3M
h) Compare Conventional DC Motor and PMBLDC Motor. 3M
i) What are the merits and demerits of a Linear synchronous motor? 3M
j) Explain Performance of the Linear Induction Motor with Trust and speed graph. 3M
PART – B
2. a) With neat sketch explain the Split-Link converter circuit for a switched reluctance motor. 7M
b) List and explain the real time applications of Switched Reluctance Motor. 7M
(OR)
c) Explain construction and working principle of a switched reluctance motor. 7M
d) What are the merits and demerits of a switched reluctance motor? 7M
3. a) Mention the differences between Switched Reluctance Motor and stepper motor 7M
b) Answer the following: 7M
i. A stepper motor has a step angle of 2.5o find the number of steps required by the
shaft for 25 revolutions
ii. What is the step angle of a permanent-magnet stepper motor having 8 stator poles
and 4 rotor poles?
(OR)
c) Describe the construction and principle of a hybrid stepper motor for different modes of 7M
excitation.
d) Derive an expression for the torque generated Motor For a Variable Reluctance Stepper. 7M
4. a) Explain the construction and working principle of a Permanent magnet DC motor. 7M
b) Explain and draw performance Characteristics of a Permanent Magnet DC motor. 7M
(OR)
c) Derive the torque equation of PMDC Motor. 7M
d) Explain the working principle of moving coil Permanent magnet DC motor. 7M
5. a) Explain how brushless DC motor works as Variable speed Synchronous motor. 7M
b) Describe various power controllers used for PMBLDC Motor. 7M
(OR)
c) Analyze any three real time applications of PMBLDC Motor. 7M
d) Explain Sensor less control of PMBLDC Motor. 7M
6. a) Explain the construction and working principle of Linear Induction Motor. 7M
b) Describe the real time applications of a Linear Induction motor. 7M
(OR)
c) Explain the construction and principle of operation of Linear Synchronous Motor. 7M
d) Analyze any three real time applications of Linear Synchronous Motor. 7M

(AUTONOMOUS)
MACHINE MODELLING ANALYSIS
PART - A
1. a) Mention the differences between speed voltages and transformer voltages. 3M
b) Exemplify the two-axis model for the DC Compound machine. 3M
c) Illustrate the two-axis model for a DC Separately excited machine. 3M
d) Write the torque equation for a DC series Separately excited machine in matrix form. 3M
e) Infer about the Linear transformation. 3M
f) Identify the various reference frame models used for the Induction machine. 3M
g) Distinguish stator and rotor reference frames. 3M
h) Summarize the electromagnetic torque expression in arbitrary reference frames. 3M
i) Outline the electromagnetic torque expression of a Synchronous Motor. 3M
j) Illustrate the Two axis model of the Synchronous Motor. 3M
PART - B
2. a) Explain the basic two-pole machines representation for Kron’s Primitive machine. 7M
b) Discuss the concept of Self and Mutual inductance in per unit system. 7M
(OR)
c) Mention the differences between the actual DC Series machine and its basic two-pole 7M
machine.
d) Develop the basic two-pole machines representation For the DC Shunt machine without 7M
inter-poles
3. a) Derive the voltages equation for DC separately excited Machine in phase variable form. 7M
b) Derive the torque equation for DC Series Machine in matrix form. 7M
(OR)
c) Derive the torque equation for DC Shunt Machine in phase variable form. 7M
d) Model the DC Shunt Machine by using its Transfer function block diagram. 7M
4. a) Using Transformation theory, derive the relation between a, b, c to α, β, 0. 7M

b) Develop the basic two-axis model for the induction machine. 7M
(OR)
c) What is Linear transformation? Explain in detail. 7M
d) Derive the voltage equations for induction machine generalized model in arbitrary 7M
reference frame.
5. a) Derive the Induction machine voltages equations in the stator reference frame model 7M
with state variable form.
b) Illustrate the commonly used reference frames and discuss them in detail. 7M
(OR)
c) Derive the torque equations of the induction machine in arbitrary reference frame 7M
variables.
d) Describe the arbitrary reference frame theory with relevant illustrations. 7M
Cont…2
:: 2 ::
6. a) With neat sketch model a three-phase synchronous machine. 7M

b) Derive the voltage equation of a synchronous machine using a 2-axis model. 7M
(OR)
c) For 3 phase Synchronous motor derive the Voltage and current Equations in state -space 7M
variable form
d) Derive the Torque equation in state - space variable form for 3-phase Synchronous 7M
motor.

(AUTONOMOUS)
OPERATIONS RESEARCH
PART - A
1. a) What is infeasible solution in Linear programming problems(LPP). 3M
b) Define Slack and Surplus variables in LPP. 3M
c) Illustrate the step–by–step procedure involved in using the MODI method to obtain the 3M
Optimum solution in Transportation Method.
d) Compare between an assignment problem and transportation problem. 3M
e) Write “No passing rule” with reference to sequencing problems. 3M
f) List the applications of queuing models in real time scenario. 3M
g) What is the necessity of replacement theory? 3M
h) Define demand rate uniform and production rate infinite in inventory models. 3M
i) What do you understand by zero sum and non zero sum games? 3M
j) What is value if the game? 3M
PART - B
2. a) Explain the procedure for solving LPP using graphical method. 7M
b) Solve the following LPP using the Graphical method. 7M
M in im iz e , Z  5 x 1  4 x 2
Subjected to 4 x 1  x 2  4 0 , 2 x 1  3 x 2  9 0 where x 1 , x 2  0
(OR)
c) Solve the following LPP using the Simplex method: 14M
M a x im iz e , Z  2 4 x 1  4 8 x 2
Subjected to x 1  2 x 2  4 8 , 2 x 1  x 2  6 0 where x 1 , x 2  0
3. a) Solve the following transportation problem and find the optimum transportation cost: 14M
W1 W2 W3 W4 Factory Capacity
F1 19 30 50 10 7
F2 70 30 40 60 9
F3 40 8 70 20 18
Warehouse requirement 5 8 7 14
(OR)
c) Solve the following Assignment problem. The data given in the table refer to production 14M
as certain units.
Machines
Operators A B C D
1 10 5 7 8
2 11 4 9 10
3 8 4 9 7
4 7 5 6 4
5 5 9 7 5
How should operators to be allocated to machines to increase production?
Cont…2
:: 2 ::
4. a) What are the conditions to convert n jobs 3 machines to n jobs 2 machines? 4M

b) Determine the optimal sequence of jobs that minimizes the total elapsed time based on 10M
the following information processing time on machines is given in hours and passing is
not allowed:
Job A B C D E F G
Machine M1 3 8 7 4 9 8 7
Machine M2 4 3 2 5 1 4 3
Machine M3 6 7 5 11 5 6 12
(OR)
c) Explain elements of a queueing system. 4M
d) The rate of arrival of customers at a public telephone booth follows poission 10M
distribution, with an average time of 10 minutes between one customer and the next.
The duration of a phone call is assumed to follow exponential distribution, with mean
time of 3 minutes:
i. What is the probability that a person arriving at the booth will have to wait
ii. What is the average length of the non-empty queue that form time to time
5. a) Machine A costs Rs. 900. Annual operating costs are Rs. 200 for the first year and then 14M
increase by Rs. 2000 every year. Determine the best age at which to replace the
machine. If the optimum replacement policy is followed, what will be the average yearly
cost of owning and operating the machine? Assume that the machine has no resale
value when replaced and that the future costs are not discounted.
(OR)
c) List the applications and advantages of good inventory control. 7M
d) Explain various reasons for carrying inventory. 7M
6. a) Define the following terms: 6M

i. Optimum Strategy
ii. Strategy
iii. Pure strategy
b) Solve the following game using the dominance principle. 8M
B1 B2 B3
A1 10 5 -2
A2 13 12 15
A3 16 14 10
(OR)
c) Solve the following game by graphical method: 7M
W1 W2 W3 W4 W5
F1 -5 5 0 -1 8
F2 8 -4 -1 6 -5
d) Reduce the game by Dominance: 7M
I II III IV
I 3 2 4 0
II 3 4 2 4
III 4 2 4 0
IV 0 4 0 8

(AUTONOMOUS)
PAVEMENT ENGINEERING
(Civil Engineering)
PART – A
1. a) List various types of pavements. 3M
b) Discuss about AADT. 3M
c) Define the term Poissions ratio for Pavements. 3M
d) List the parameters used for One Layer System in Flexible Pavement. 3M
e) Explain the modulus of subgrade reaction. 3M
f) What is the purpose of Tie bars? 3M
g) Explain the term coating, list the type of coats used in pavements. 3M
h) List any three desirable requirements of bitumen for pavement construction. 3M
i) What is Overlay? 3M
j) What is the purpose of FWD? 3M
PART – B
2. a) Compare flexible and rigid pavements. 7M
b) Discuss about maximum wheel loads on pavement. 7M
(OR)
c) Discuss the material characteristics of the pavement. 7M
d) Explain about lane distribution factor on pavement. 7M
3. a) Draw the cross section of Flexible pavement layers. 7M
b) Discuss about the assumptions of multilayered system. 7M
(OR)
c) Discuss various inputs for flexible pavement design by IRC. 7M
d) Explain various salient features of AASHTO method of flexible pavement. 7M
4. a) Write a note on Dowel Bars. 7M
b) Compute the radius of relative stiffness of 15 cm thick concrete pavement, taking 7M
E=2,10,000 Kg/cm2, Poisson’s ratio = 0.13, K = 3.0 Kg/cm2.
(OR)
c) List the type of transverse joints and explain any one briefly. 7M
d) Write the objectives for providing Longitudinal Joints in CC Pavements. 7M
5. a) Outline the different types of highway construction materials. 7M
b) Explain briefly the construction procedure for White Topping. 7M
(OR)
c) Explain the construction process of WBM Roads. 7M
d) List the type of Viscous grade of bitumen and explain any one briefly. 7M
6. a) Explain importance of regular maintenance in extending the life of a highway. List its 7M
major types of road maintenance.
b) Outline the Application of BBD in Pavement Evaluation for Overlay Design. 7M
(OR)
c) List the need for Highway Maintenance. 7M
d) List and explain any four failures of Flexible Pavements. 7M

(AUTONOMOUS)
ROBOTICS
PART – A
1. a) List the advantages of using Robots. 3M
b) Classify Robots. 3M
c) List the advantages of using Hydraulic Drives. 3M
d) State the applications of Position Sensors. 3M
e) Determine the new coordinates of the vector v=5i+10j+k which is translated by a 3M
distance of 5 units in X-direction, -5 units in Y-direction and 0 units in Z-direction.
f) What is forward kinematics and inverse kinematics? 3M
g) What is the difference between path planning and trajectory planning? 3M
h) Discuss the Jacobian formulation matrix. 3M
i) Discuss any three considerations in work cell design. 3M
j) What are in input interlocks and output interlocks? 3M
PART – B
2. a) What is robotics? Explain different types of robot configurations. 7M
b) Define Accuracy and Repeatability associated with robots with neat sketch. 7M
(OR)
c) Discuss some of the industrial applications of the robot. 7M
d) Explain the Magnetic grippers with sketch. 7M
3. a) With the help of a neat sketch explain the construction and working of touch and 14M
velocity sensors.
(OR)
c) With the help of a neat sketch explain the working of electric motors and sensor 14M
characteristics in robots.
4. a) Determine the homogeneous transformation matrix for the rotation of 900 about Y-axis, 7M
followed by a rotation of -900 about the Z-axis, followed by a translation of (6,7,9) along
X, Y & Z axis respectively.
b) Discuss briefly the steps involved in D-H convention. 7M
(OR)
c) Develop a rotation matrix representing rotation of α angle about the X axis, followed by 7M
rotation of θ angle about the Z axis, followed by rotation of ϕ angle about the Y axis.
d) Apply D-H transformation to a 2 link RR robot and obtain the forward kinematic 7M
solution.
5. a) For a planar RR manipulator derive the Jacobian matrix. 7M
b) It is desired to have the joint of a robot to move from initial angle of 30 0 to 700 in 3 7M
seconds. Calculate the coefficient of third degree polynomial joint space trajectory.
Determine the joint angle, velocity and acceleration at one, two and three seconds.
(OR)
c) Derive the Lagrangian equation for a two link robot manipulator. 14M
6. a) Explain the concepts of work cell control. 7M
b) Identify an example for a Robot centered work cell layout and explain with neat sketch. 7M
(OR)
c) Explain the concepts of interlocks and error detection. 7M
d) Discuss mobile work cell with neat sketch. 7M

(AUTONOMOUS)
AIR POLLUTION AND CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES
(Civil Engineering)
PART – A
1. a) What are the effects of air pollutants on materials? 3M
b) List the major Environmental Air Pollution Episodes. 3M
c) List the various types of devices used for sampling suspended particulate materials. 3M
d) Outline the principle behind the adsorption method of collection for air sample. 3M
e) Identify the advantages of using an Electrostatic precipitator over Cyclone separators 3M
for controlling particulate emissions.
f) List the absorption liquid used to control / remove oxides of sulphur by absorption 3M
method.
g) Write Air Emission standards at residential zones for: 3M
i. SO2
ii. NO2
iii. CO
h) What is meant by air cleaning systems? Write its uses. 3M
i) What is meant by Air quality monitoring? Write its importance. 3M
j) What are the Objectives of Environmental Impact Assessment? 3M
PART – B
2. a) What is meant by ozone layer depletion? Explain about effects and remedial methods 7M
of Ozone layer depletion.
b) Write about classification of air pollutants in detail. 7M
(OR)
c) What are the various Meteorological factors influencing air pollution? Explain in detail. 7M
d) What is meant by Gaussian Plume Model? Derive the equations of Gaussian model for 7M
plume dispersion with neat sketch.
3. a) Explain various sampling methods used for the collection of gaseous air pollutants. 7M
b) Explain various sampling methods used for the collection of particulate air pollutants. 7M
(OR)
c) Examine the various methods used for the analysis of Carbon Monoxide. 7M
d) What is meant by Stack Sampling technique? Explain in detail. 7M
4. a) Explain construction and working principle of Electro Static Precipitator with neat 7M
sketch.
b) Compare settling chambers with that of filters for their efficiency in removing 7M
particulate matter from gaseous stream add a note on their advantages and
disadvantages.
(OR)
c) Evaluate a method of controlling Oxides of Nitrogen. 7M
d) Explain construction and working principle of Fabric Filters with neat sketch. 7M
5. a) Interpret the important factors to be considered to minimize the exhaust emissions 7M
from Automobiles.
b) Explain the effects of Air pollutants released from Automobiles 7M
Cont…2
:: 2 ::
(OR)
c) Enumerate the different sources of Noise pollution and describe methods to control 7M
Noise pollution.
d) Evaluate the sources of indoor air pollutants and different factors influencing indoor 7M
air quality
6. a) Write about Indian Air Quality Standards. 7M

b) Explain step by step process of Environmental Impact Assessment in detail. 7M
(OR)
c) What are the Preventive measures of Air pollution? Explain in detail. 7M
d) Explain about salient features of the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 7M
1981.

43 BT Vi Sem Reg (Vce-R20) - July - 2023 PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

43 BT Vi Sem Reg (Vce-R20) - July - 2023 PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Hall Ticket No: Question Paper Code: A6033

VARDHAMAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

VARDHAMAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

VARDHAMAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

VARDHAMAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

VARDHAMAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

VARDHAMAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

6. a) Write an algorithm for MIN-MAX algorithm. 7M

VARDHAMAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

VARDHAMAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

VARDHAMAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

VARDHAMAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

VARDHAMAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

3. a) Illustrate how TKDL protects traditional knowledge? Substantiate with suitable 7M

4. a) Compare your understanding of traditional knowledge and modern science. 7M

6. a) Summarize the importance of traditional art forms in international market. 7M

VARDHAMAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

3. a) Demonstrate the latent heat storage arrangement with sketch. 7M

5. a) Explain the steps involved in the fabrication of a PV module. 7M

6. a) Mention the safety issues with respect to solar power generation. 7M

VARDHAMAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

order difference equation y  n  – 3 y  n  1  – 4 y  n  2   x  n   2 x  n  1 

3. a) Derive the Relationship between DFT and Z transform. 5M

x  n   1, 0 , 2  and h  n   1,1

4. a) A causal system is represented by: 5M

5. a) Realize Direct form I Direct form II of the following difference equation 5M

6. a) Compute the order of an analog Butterworth filter with the following 5M

VARDHAMAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

6. a) Discuss the Aircrack-ng tool and its applications in wireless hacking. 7M

VARDHAMAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

3. a) With a neat block diagram explain the DES algorithm? 5M

5. a) Describe hash functions based on using cipher block chaining technique. 5M

VARDHAMAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

VARDHAMAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

4. a) What is the importance of Summary? Explain the issues in generation of summary. 7M

5. a) Explain IR system architecture with a neat diagram. 7M

6. a) Explain the Architecture of a concurrent crawler with a neat diagram. 14M

VARDHAMAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

3. a) Discuss about Artificial neural network applications in Bio-systems engineering. 7M

4. a) What are the applications of data fusion in precision agriculture? 7M

VARDHAMAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

3. a) Write on the process benefits and drawbacks of material jetting process. 7M

4. a) Describe the process of Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) by a neat sketch. 7M

VARDHAMAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

VARDHAMAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

h) Mention the electrical analysis for logic 1 transfer in transmission gate. 3M

VARDHAMAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

4. a) Explain the benefits of Jenkins Pipelines? 7M

5. a) Mention the differences between continuous integration and continuous delivery. 7M

6. a) What are the key features of ansible? 7M

VARDHAMAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

5. a) Explain the concept of SQL injection and its significance in cybercrime. 7M

VARDHAMAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

6. a) Explain various file organization techniques. 5M

VARDHAMAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

4. a) Explain standardization procedure of DC Potentiometer. 5M

VARDHAMAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

VARDHAMAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

3. a) Develop assembly language program to find GCD of given two numbers. 5M

5. a) Illustrate the functions of TCON and TMOD registers. 5M

VARDHAMAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

3. a) With suitable examples explain the working with numbers in python. 7M