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This module was designed and written with you, students, in mind. It is here to
help you understand the random variable and probability distribution.The
language used to recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons
are arranged to follow the Most Essential Lerning Competencies (MELC’S) released
by the Department of Education(DepEd) for this school year 2020 – 2021.
2
What I Know (Pre Test)
C
Instruction: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
2. If two coins are tossed, which is NOT a possible value of the random
variable for the number of heads?
A. 0 C. 2
B. 1 D. 3
X 0 1 3
P(X) 1 1 1
2 3 6
1 6
A. P(X) = C. P(X) =
� �
� 1
B. P(X) = D. P(X) =
6 6
�
5. If P(X) = 6
, what are the possible values of x for it be a probability
distribution?
A. 0,2,3 C. 2,3,4
B. 1,2,3 D. 1,1,2
1
D. time needed to finish the test
9. The sum of the probabilities of all values of the random variable must be
equal to____.
A. 1 C. -1
B. 0 D. -2
X 0 1 2 3
P(X) 1 3 3 1
8
8 8 8
2
Lesson Discrete and Continuous Random
1 Variable
W What’s In
To find out if you are ready to learn this new lesson, do the following
activity.
What’s New
D
A random variable is a function that associate a real number to each element in
the sample space. It is a variable whose values are determined by chance (Belecina
et al., 2016).
Classification of variables according to continuity of values
a. Discrete variables : These are variables that cannot take the form of
decimals.
b. Continuous variables: These are variables that can take the form of
decimals (Batacan et al., 2006).
3
What Is It
What’s More
4
Lesson Finding of Possible Values of a
2 Random Variable
What’s In
What’s New
● Recall that a variable is a characteristic that can assume different
values. We use capital letters to or represent a variable. In this lesson, we
shall discuss variables that are associated with probabilities, called random
variables (Belecina et al., 2016).
5
What is It
Two balls are drawn in succession without replacements from a basket, contains 4
yellow balls and 6 blue balls. Let X be the random variable representing the
number of blue balls, Find the values of the random variable X.
Solution:
A. Sample space/Number of possible outcomes 22 = 4. There are 4 possible
outcomes in drawing of balls from an urn.
YY 0
YB 1
BY 1
BB 2
What’s More
6
Possible Values of the Random Variable P
Outcomes (number of tails)
W What’s In
7
1. Getting an odd number in a single roll of a die.
2. Getting a sum of 6 when two dice are rolled.
3. Getting an ace when card is drawn from a deck.
4. Getting a sum of 11 when two dice are rolled.
5. Getting a black queen when a card is drawn from a deck.
What’s New
What is It
A
Discrete probability distribution or a probability mass function consists of the
values a random variable can assume and corresponding probabilities of the value
(Belecina et al., 2016)
Properties of a Probability Distribution (Belecina et al., 2016)
1. The probability of each value of the random variable must be between or equal
to 0 and 1.
2. The sum of the probability of all values of the random variable must be equal
to 1.
Example: Drawing Balls from Urn
Two balls are drawn in succession without replacements from an urn that contains
5 red balls and 6 blue balls. Let Z be the random variable representing the number
of red balls, construct the probability distribution of the random variable Z.
Solution:
A.
RR 2
RB 1
BR 1
BB 0
8
B.
0 1
4
1 2 1
��
4 2
2 1
4
What’s More
9
What I Can Do
2. What is the probability that at least three but not more than five
will be demanded in a day?
10
Assessment (Post Test)
Instructions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on
a separate sheet of paper.
2. If three coins are tossed, which is NOT a possible value of the random
variable for the number of heads?
A. 4 C. 2
B. 3 D. 1
X 2 3 6
P(X) 1 1 1
2 3 6
1 6
A. P(X) = C. P(X) =
� �
� 1
B. P(X) = D. P(X) =
6 6
4. Which of the following statements is true?
A. Random variables can only have one value.
B. The value of a random variable could not be zero.
C. The probability of the value of random variable could not be zero.
D. The sum of all the probabilities in a probability distribution is always
equal to one.
�
5. If P(X) = 4
, what are the possible values of x for it to be a probability
distribution?
A. 0,2,3 C. 2,3,4
B. 1,2,3 D. 1,1,2
11
7. A function that associates a real number to each element in the sample
space is called _______.
A. continuous C. random variable
B. discrete D. constant and variable
X 0 1 2
P(X) 1 1 1
4 2 4
12