Professional Documents
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May 2023
Construction sites in 2023 might in many ways software markets like logistics, manufacturing, and
resemble those in 1923, with manual bricklaying, agriculture. The industry boasts fewer scale-ups and
paper blueprints, and scaffold towers. At $12 trillion,1 unicorns relative to its size. And it is hard for AEC tech
architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) companies to grow efficiently due to several dynamics
is one of the biggest industries in the world, but among AEC customers, including fragmentation, low
historically it has been among the slowest to digitize IT spend (relative to other industries), and entrenched
and innovate. analog ways of working.
This, however, is changing fast: strong demand In this environment, how can AEC tech companies
for infrastructure, a shortage of skilled labor, accelerate adoption and sales and achieve
and increased stakeholder pressure for data scale? To answer this question, we surveyed
transparency and integration are all accelerating approximately 100 investors and AEC tech players
digital adoption. As a result, the AEC tech ecosystem in 2022 and interviewed founders, investors,
has experienced an explosion of investment and a and large software companies in the industry.
wave of start-up launches. An estimated $50 billion Using primary research and publicly available
was invested in AEC tech between 2020 to 2022, data, we also mapped and analyzed more than
85 percent higher than the previous three years. 3,000 AEC tech companies.2 In this article, we
During the same period, the number of deals in the review the findings of that research. We outline
industry increased 30 percent to 1,229 (Exhibit 1). the investment trends that are accelerating the
digitization of the industry, and we suggest how
Although the AEC tech industry is maturing, it is not tech businesses, and their investors, can address
yet at the scale and sophistication of more established challenges to get on a path of efficient growth.
Web <2023>
<FromStartUpToScaleUp>
Exhibit 1
Exhibit <1> of <7>
944 30%
85%
27
¹AEC = architecture, engineering, and construction. Incl management buyout, management buy-in, add-on, secondary buyout, public to private, growth and
expansion, and private investment in public equity.
Source: PitchBook, November 15, 2022
1
Oxford Economics, March 2023.
2
PitchBook, November 15, 2022.
3
“Construction: NAICS 23,” US Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2023; “UK job vacancies (thousand): Construction,” UK Office for National Statistics,
March 2023.
4
Post-money valuation is a measure of a company’s valuation that includes all external investments.
A variety of software and tech is used design software, robotics, and tools for (exhibit). Companies in the AEC tech
across the architecture, engineering, and the planning, scheduling, budgeting, and industry range from multibillion-dollar
construction (AEC) industry. It includes performance management of projects software giants to one-person start-ups.
Web <2023>
<FromStartUpToScaleUp>
Exhibit
Sidebar exhibit
Software and tech are used across the architecture, engineering, and
construction project life cycle, from earliest stage to maintenance.
Foundational Portfolio and Capital strategy, portfolio optimization, and project planning:
process concept simplification of and planning support for new projects and financing
Enterprise platform
and backbone: Engineering-design tools: design and simulation software; connected
software accounting, databases; incl automated workflows and generative and parametric design
Design and
finance, HR, payroll,
engineering Advanced visualization: VR/AR4 for simulation of building, design elements,
billing, etc, for all
and construction sequence
players in value chain
Document
management: Planning, scheduling, and budgeting: optimized scheduling; data-driven,
platforms for secure automated generation of bills of materials, cost plans, and specs
version, spec, Customer relationship management: project and customer identification;
submission, RFI,2 etc, pipeline build; customer interaction management
management Preconstruction
Digital marketplaces: e-commerce material, labor, and equipment platforms
Compliance, quality
assurance, and Contracting and procurement: supplier identification, tender preparation
quality control: and pricing simplification and automation, and procurement and purchasing
standardized centralization and streamlining
workflows to gain
visibility into issues
Integration layer: HSE5: digital access control; incident tracking; root cause analyses;
platform and generation of reporting on ESG6 topics
interface for Field productivity: improved efficiency at construction site; increased
integration of digital utilization of materials, equipment, and labor; incl VR/AR
system and tools Design management: updated design changes, RFIs, and field updates
AI and machine Construction robotics: robotic and automation use (eg, raising walls,
learning: optimized Construction
and polishing floors)
planning, design, etc
commissioning Performance management: real-time tracking of project, highlighting areas
BIM3: collaborative lagging behind and timeline risks; incl remote monitoring
development, design,
and construction Contract management: easy access to client and contractor
sequence communication; vendor prequalification tracking; payment management
Off-site commercial construction: increased time and cost efficiency via
standardized construction elements and off-site construction
Precommissioning and commissioning: commissioning and testing of and
building system; personnel training prior to handover
¹Architecture, engineering, and construction. 2Request for information. 3Building information management. 4Virtual reality and augmented reality. 5Health, safety,
and environment. 6Environmental, social, and governance.
Funding source Number of deals Funding, $ billion Average deal size, $ million
100
5 50
0 0 0
2017–19 2020–22 2017–19 2020–22 2017–19 2020–22
¹AEC = architecture, engineering, and construction. Incl management buyout, management buy-in, add-on, secondary buyout, public to private, growth and
expansion, and private investment in public equity.
Source: PitchBook, November 15, 2022
Web <2023>
<FromStartUpToScaleUp>
Exhibit 3 of <7>
Exhibit <3>
Global investment in AEC1 tech, $ million Median deal size Median post-money valuation
40
30
20
10
0
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
1
Architecture, engineering, and construction.
Source: PitchBook, November 15, 2022
5
“Rise of the platform era: The next chapter in construction technology,” McKinsey, October 30, 2020.
6
Annual recurring revenue is the revenue that a company (often businesses that operate on a subscription-based model) expects to
receive from customers on an annual basis. Free cash flow is the cash generated by a company after paying operating expenses and
capital expenditures.
LTM median payback period² High ARR3 growth (next 12 months or LTM)
correlation
Net retention
Market cap
Gross margin
LTM FCF as % of revenue
(small to medium revenue)
LTM revenue divided by LTM growth
Operating margin
¹ SaaS = software as a service. Based on analysis across 100 software-as-a-service companies of correlation with enterprise value divided by next-12-months
revenue multiple. ²LTM = last 12 months. Median payback period from latest 4 quarters; payback period = 1 / (gross margin x [new annual recurring revenues in
quarter / sales and marketing in previous quarter]). ³Annual recurring revenue. 4Free cash flow. 5Net new revenue divided by spending on sales and marketing
in previous quarter. 6Current quarter revenue growth divided by previous year’s revenue growth in same quarter.
compared with the 3 to 5 percent average it is important that companies can clearly
across industries.7 Against this backdrop, demonstrate and measure the cost-saving
solutions must come with a business case. benefits of their product.”
Although ROI can be high, until recently players
have not been effective at quantifying benefits. 4. Adoption and scaling challenges. Driving tech
As one investor said, “In a low-margin industry, adoption in a projects business like construction
and in this market environment in particular, poses several challenges: users often switch
7
“Gartner top strategic technology trends for 2022,” Gartner, October 2021.
Product fragmentation 52 24 24
Operating model 30 33 37
Lack of sophistication in
26 33 41
marketing and sales
Performance management 15 41 43
development feedback. And a side benefit is that Based on our research, leading players differentiate
they can provide access to a critical mass of other themselves with three moves to maximize the ARR
customers (Exhibit 6). bang for each buck spent on marketing and R&D:
Third is flexibility. Nearly every start-up and scale- — Deliver a scalable revenue model. As one
up we have spoken to has seen a big shift in their investor said, “Some products require so much
product proposition because they responded to customization that the software company
market views and kept evolving to optimize the becomes a consultancy.” Successful businesses
product market fit. For example, one start-up have a product that can be deployed with
developed an app to measure material waste from minimal customization and training (and that
construction sites but eventually evolved it to usually means software rather than hardware).
measure embodied carbon in materials. And where customization or training is required,
they invest time only in high-potential customers
Build a customer acquisition engine with a and often partner with independent software
scalable revenue and distribution model vendors to deliver at scale.
Valuations for start-ups are tied strongly with the
ARR growth metric. In a fragmented market like — Find creative routes to market. You’re never
AEC, customer acquisition is difficult and expensive. going to crack the market one customer at a
Aside from capital, the most important thing investors bring to architecture,
engineering, and construction tech companies is access to their networks.
Introduction to customers 56 31 13
Access to partnerships 56 31 13
Access to talent 41 41 19
Governance 28 66 6
Technical and 28 50 22
commercial expertise
time. Successful players use their investors its go to market across brands to accelerate
and existing customers to open new routes cross-sell and upsell and capped bonuses on
to market. They also lock in users early. For some established products to incentivize sales
example, one design software player gave of new products. The best sales organizations
away free copies of its software to architecture are underpinned by data that allows them to
students, who then took it to their new see the relationship between specific, often
employers. Moreover, these players have siloed, sales and marketing activities and
a channel strategy aligned with customer overall growth outcomes.
tiers, and that includes not only value-added
resellers (VARs) and distributors but also low- Improve net retention with customer success
cost remote channels (including multilingual Our analysis shows that as software companies
remote inside-sales centers) and self-serve, grow, the most important driver of valuation shifts
web shop, and e-commerce. from pure growth, often measured by ARR, to
include the ability to generate FCF from ARR.
— Supercharge the sales team. Successful In short, it’s not enough to just have customers;
software companies incentivize their direct- you need to earn money from them. In what is
sales teams to cross-sell and upsell and drive commonly referred to as the “rule of 40,” the sum of
key account management capabilities. One percentage growth and the FCF rate should equal
leading player with multiple brands centralized 40 percent or higher.8
8
Paul Roche and Sid Tandon, “SaaS and the Rule of 40: Keys to the critical value creation metric,” McKinsey, August 3, 2021.
Achieving strong FCF is in large part about optimizing well established. For example, the largest AEC
the payback period—that is, how long does it take technology companies have customer success
to recover your customer acquisition costs. This teams and run conferences and training for
means acquiring new customers efficiently, retaining their users. One software company hired a
customers, and upselling and cross-selling to them. retired construction contractor for its customer
This is measured by net retention rate (NRR),9 which success function to better understand
requires a laser focus on customer success. Across customer needs.
sectors, companies with high NRRs demonstrate
three common characteristics: — They deliver customer success at low
cost. Customer success does not have to
— They know their numbers. At the heart mean dedicated (and expensive) customer
of customer success is a data-driven support. It can often be delivered at lower
understanding of how customers obtain cost by cultivating user communities and
value from a specific product. Maximizing promoting the use of online tutorials, for
NRR is a game of inches, so leaders analyze example. One AEC tech company gained
the many drivers of growth and churn (upsell, thousands of users on zero-marketing spend
contract cancellation, additional licenses, and by leveraging its community forums and
so on) at a customer level and respond with industry networks—effectively putting its own
targeted interventions (for example, offering customers to work.
bundles for additional “seats” as usage reaches
contract limits). Build functional maturity as you scale
As software companies grow beyond the start-up
— They set up a dedicated customer success and scale-up stages, growth rates slow, and FCF
function. A team that can work with customers (and hence, valuation) is increasingly driven by
to get maximum value from the product is operational efficiency. This typically comes down
particularly important in AEC, where customers to optimizing NRR as well as marketing and sales
are less digitally mature and solutions are less spend (which can be 50 percent or more of the
9
Net retention rate is a metric that shows how effective a company is at driving growth in its existing customer base while keeping the churn low.
Jose Luis Blanco and Aditya Sanghvi are senior partners in McKinsey’s New York office, David Rockhill is a partner in
the London office, and Alberto Torres is a partner in the Madrid office.
The authors wish to thank Daniele Di Mattia, Julien Gagnon, Josh Johnson, and Adam Singer for their contributions to
this article.
10
“SaaS and the Rule of 40,” 2021.