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Leading and Management of People

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Table of Contents

Introduction....................................................................................................................................3

Strategic Leadership and organizational culture promotion....................................................7

Organizational culture................................................................................................................10

Characteristics of good organizational management and Leadership………………………12

Leadership styles………………………………………………………………………………..14

Leadership theories application and Criticism……………………………………………….17

Recommendation On Leadership Effectiveness Improperness……………………………...18

Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………………19

Reference…………………………………………………………………………………..........20
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Leading and Management of People

Introduction

To attain a specific objective, mission, or vision, management involves leading and

directing an organization's employees. According to Shaturaev, (2022), organizational culture

needs to be a top priority for management if it is to lead to a company with clear goals,

objectives, mission, and vision. Beverage syrups and extracts are manufactured, sold, and

marketed by the Coca-Cola Company of the United States. For Coca-Cola, the most popular

product is Coke. A pharmacist in Atlanta, Georgia named John Pemberton brought Coca-Cola to

the city in 1886. According to the Coca-Cola Company, the beverage is sold in more than 200

countries (Comfort & Jones, 2018).

The company has a long history of success when it comes to developing an

organizational culture and leading and directing employees. Coca-Cola made it a priority in the

early 1900s to cultivate an organizational climate that rewarded hard work and fostered long-

term commitment among its workers. In addition to the utilization of company-sponsored events

like picnics and sports teams, there was also the production of a corporate hymn to encourage

unity. The corporation started advertising in the 1930s in an effort to improve its image and

brand recognition. This era's Coca-Cola ads are some of the best-known and most popular in

recent memory. The Coca-Cola Pavilion at the 1964 New York World's Fair was made possible

in part by the company's charitable initiatives (RomeroHernández & Romero, 2018).

Organizational leadership efficiency and productivity are often a challenge for company

executives to achieve. Many factors, like the size and scope of the organization, cultural

differences among its members and nations, and a wide range of employment requirements,
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might influence how large and complex this problem is (Ganapathy, Mansor, & Ahmad, 2019).

These impediments can, however, be addressed with a few essential methods by corporate

leaders, who can then boost the efficiency and productivity of their firms' leadership.

A Simple and Direct Vision.

Creating a clear and concise vision is the company's first step in a strategic plan.

Employees in every country should be aware of this objective. According to Smith et al.,

(2019), for employees to grasp the organization's goals and why they are important, it should be

concise and clear.

Universal Values

To establish a set of values that all employees must adhere to. These values, which should be in

line with the company's goals, should be communicated to every employee.

Accountability

Using this method requires the establishment of an accountability structure. Everyone

should be held accountable for their activities under this system. If the system is transparent,

employees should be able to see how their actions affect the organization and create a trusting

environment.

Trust

A trustworthy setting is required for the strategy to work. The ideals of the organization should

be the cornerstones of its culture. It is imperative that all employees adopt this mindset so that

the company's culture of trust can flourish.

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Reward

Incentive programs have been shown to boost productivity, loyalty, and morale among

employees, as well as their overall commitment to the company. Reward programs also have the

potential to aid in the acquisition and retention of top-tier employees while also fostering a

positive work environment.

Feedback Mechanism

One of the most important aspects of any system is feedback. Feedback helps us know if

we're on the right track and gives us the opportunity to make necessary modifications. If we don't

get feedback, we can't improve our performance or change our behavior.

Coca-Leadership Cola's Efficiency, Effectiveness, and Criticisms

Because of its production and delivery inefficiencies, Coca-Cola has received a lot of

heat. The corporation has been slammed for depending on franchised bottlers, which has been

linked to inefficiencies in manufacturing and distribution (Ibrahim & Daniel, 2019). It has also

developed a strong public accountability culture, which has helped to ensure that staff is

constantly acting in the best interests of the company. In addition, it has made significant

investments in the education and training of its employees, ensuring that they are well-versed in

their respective disciplines (Maisoni, Yasri, & Abror, 2019).

Criticisms

The failure of Coca-leadership Cola's in terms of effectiveness and efficiency has been attributed

to a number of causes.
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Due to a lack of change management, the organization has been unable to keep pace with

the market. With the rise in popularity of healthy beverages like water and sports drinks, Coca-

Cola was slow to adapt. This has resulted in a decrease in market share for the company. Another

factor contributing to Coca-Cola's lack of leadership effectiveness and efficiency is the

company's structure. It has a very centralized organizational structure, with only a few top-level

decision-makers. The company may be unable to adapt quickly enough to market shifts as a

result of its sluggish response time (Gertner & Rifkin, 2018).

Corporate Culture and Strategic Leadership should be promoted.

A strategic leader must have the ability to conceive, plan, motivate, and use the resources

available to successfully and efficiently implement plans. Besides, effective managers combine

all of their skills into a cohesive whole. However, in pursuing that vision, the corporation is

mindful of its managerial role and ultimate purpose. As a result, strategic leadership is described

as the ability to persuade others to make good decisions that promote the long-term prospects of

the firm while maintaining short-term financial stability (Samimi et al., 2020). Different

leadership styles have an impact on a company's vision, growth route, and success potential. All

staff must work together to design and implement strategic projects. Leaders need to be well-

versed in a wide range of disciplines. To effectively manage change, all leaders must have the

ability to design and implement a strategic plan (Cortes & Herrmann, 2021). To attain long-term

strategic goals, Coca-Cola has implemented a number of different strategies. Efforts have been

made to encourage and motivate employees to reach their goals.

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For the proper execution of its plans, it has established procedures and guidelines.

Because of this, it has achieved all of its long-term goals. A range of measures has been

implemented to ensure that the company's strategic goals are met. Coca-Cola, for example, has

regulations and processes in place to ensure that its goods satisfy customer expectations and are

of excellent quality. As a result, the company has implemented procedures to ensure that its

production process runs smoothly and that its products are safe for consumers. Both the industry

and the company have room for long-term expansion. A small percentage of the carbonated

drinks consumed in industrialized countries are flavored beer products. Around 30 percent of

carbonated drinks are commercialized in developing and emerging countries and our volume

share are around half of what it is in industrialized countries. Eighty percent of the world's

population can be found in the developing and emerging worlds (Jallow, 2021). Jallow (2021).

Criticisms of the Company's Strategic Plan

Coca-Cola is a globally recognized brand with a long history of commercial success.

There has been a recent failure to meet financial targets and internal disagreements inside the

firm. Some investors have reportedly lost faith in the company as a result (Dess et al., 2021).

(2021). In 2006, Warren Buffet (a board member and a major investor in the company) withdrew

from the committee after years of dissatisfaction with the committee's inability to tackle the

company's difficulties. There have been numerous allegations against the company dating back

to the 1990s, ranging from product quality and safety to anti-competitiveness to racial

discrimination to stream stuffing to supplier conflicts to union member harassment to pollution

to the degradation of natural resources to health-related worries (Serodio et al., 2022).

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Contamination and groundwater depletion at the company's Indian bottling plants have

been recorded. Toxic levels seen in Coca-Cola and other soft drinks in India in 2003 were due to

groundwater pollution, according to the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE). The first set

of soft drink chemical guidelines was formulated in 2004 with the assistance of an Indian

legislative committee. According to Coke, its water is purified and the final goods are

extensively tested before distribution, although sales plummeted by 15% for a brief period of

time despite this (Simsek, Heavey, & Fox, 2018).

Coke bottling plant employees in Guatemala later sued the company, alleging that

forming unions had put their lives and that of their loved ones in jeopardy. Allegedly, the

plaintiffs alleged that Coke was aware of retribution against unionized workers in Guatemala, but

did nothing to prevent it. Despite Coca-involvement, Cola's a company spokeswoman said the

Guatemalan factory is privately owned. It has been settled in some cases, but there are still others

that have yet to be resolved. Historically, Coca-Cola has tried to improve its detection and

compliance processes in response to ethical difficulties, although it hasn't always been praised

for it. According to Baumert, & de Obeso, (2021), as a result, it's still unclear whether or not this

beverage giant will be able to move on from its past ethical transgressions and continue to lead

the beverage sector in the years to come.

Importance of Work Culture

Organizational culture is a set of ideas, attitudes, and social conventions that form the

social environment of an agency and influence its members' actions. To ensure that the

company's culture is passed down to future generations, the company's executives establish and

protect it. As an organization grows and changes, its leaders are responsible for instilling the
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company's culture in new hires. How employees dress, speak and interact with each other as well

as with customers is a good indicator of a company's ideals. An organization's culture has a

tremendous impact on it. It has the power to affect the way employees feel, thinks, and act.

Businesses' ability to attract and retain the best people and their capacity for innovation and

adaptability can also be affected by this. Having a positive company culture can help you

succeed, whereas having a negative company culture can lead to problems and failures (Lubis &

Hanum, 2020).

There are several ways that a positive corporate culture can improve a company's success.

As a result, an engaged workforce, open communication, and mutual respect are all possible

outcomes of a strong workplace culture. It's possible that a more enjoyable work environment

will lead to increased output and contentment in your position. More productive and engaged

staff members have a positive work environment. Attracting and maintaining top talent can be

made easier with a welcoming environment (Elsbach & Stigliani, 2018.

Employee participation may improve morale and reduce attrition. Employees that are

actively involved in their work are more likely to be committed to it and care about its success.

According to Schmiedel, Müller, & von Brocke, (2019), as brand ambassadors, engaged

employees can transmit the company's culture and values to others. Besides, communication and

teamwork can help to promote cooperation and efficiency. For everyone to be on the same page

and work toward the same goals, effective communication is required. Cooperative effort can

help ensure that everyone is working toward the same goal.

Coca-Business Cola's Culture is Well-Known.

Organizational Management and Leadership Characteristics

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Employees at Coca-Cola have been invested in and given a sense of belonging by the

company. With this strategic approach to social challenges, the company has also launched

projects that benefit both its employees and the general population (Maisoni, Yasri, & Abror,

2019). They've done this by putting their employees first and encouraging them to feel like a part

of something bigger than themselves. As a result, employees have been able to advance their

skills and knowledge while also enjoying a welcoming and courteous work environment. As an

added benefit to both its employees and the communities in which they live, the company has

focused heavily on social issues. It has been a long-term effect of Coca-Cola's commitment to its

people and the communities in which it operates (Bekimbetova, Erkinov, & Rakhimov, 2021).

Corporate Culture Criticisms of Coca-Cola

It has been said that Coca-Cola uses unethical marketing methods, such as promoting its

products to children and utilizing persuasion. For its aggressive marketing practices, the

company has been accused of exploiting children's vulnerability. The company has been accused

of aiding authoritarian regimes such as South Africa during the apartheid era. Tyrants and

oppressors have been supported by it in the past. Besides, Coca-Cola has also been accused of

contributing to obesity and diabetes rates because of its high sugar content. Corporations like

Coca-Cola have come under fire for marketing highly caloric drinks to children and adults alike

(Chu, 2020). The administration and leadership of any company are critical to its success

(Zaccaro, Dubrow, & Kolze, 2018).

A Shared Objective.

Leaders must have the ability to inspire and motivate their teams while also bringing the goal of

the organization to life.

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Responsibilities Delegation.

A competent leader knows how to delegate tasks and provide employees the freedom

they require to do their jobs well. Coworkers and other stakeholders must be able to build and

maintain positive relationships with them.

The Importance of Time Consciousness.

Effective management of an organization requires that the leaders be aware of deadlines

and make plans accordingly. Making the most of one's available resources is a key competency

of effective leaders. Additionally, they could inspire and motivate their colleagues to be more

productive and cooperative.

Adapting to New Conditions

To succeed, a company must be flexible and able to cope with hardship.

What a good leader can do for a company's management?

There are several advantages to having actual leadership in a company.

When a company has a strong CEO in place, it's easier to achieve its goals. Good leaders

can also help create a positive work environment that boosts productivity and motivation,

according to Ciulla (2020). To help a company overcome hurdles, strong executives may have to

make difficult decisions. By setting an example for their subordinates, great leaders may

demonstrate the importance of hard work and dedication.

In an organization, the consequences of weak leadership are;

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Poor leadership in the workplace can lead to low morale, poor management, high

turnover, and a general sense of dissatisfaction among personnel. Employee trust and respect can

be eroded by poor leadership, which lowers morale and can escalate to worse problems. As a

result, a company's total performance can be severely harmed by weak leadership. When output

and morale suffer, employees are more inclined to leave. This has the potential to spark off a

vicious cycle that is difficult to interrupt. Businesses must ensure that their CEOs are powerful

and influential to avoid these negative results (Islam, Ahmed, & Ali, 2018).

Styles of leadership

Depending on the goals and objectives of the organization, different leadership styles will

be valued. It's not uncommon for companies to employ transformational, transactional, and

laissez-faire leadership (Al Khajeh, 2018).

Transformational Leadership.

Individuals are encouraged to attain their full potential through the use of

transformational leadership. It is common in companies that are constantly evolving to utilize

this leadership approach. In order to achieve their goals, transformational leaders labor tirelessly

to motivate and inspire others. A lot of the time, they adopt a very hands-on approach to

leadership, emphasizing the need of building relationships and trust with their subordinates. If

you want to be a transformative leader, you must hold yourself to high standards and seek to

create an environment of excellence in your firm (Kotamena, Senjaya, & Prasetya, 2020). They

all have a set of features that allow them to succeed. They have a clear vision of what they want

to accomplish, and are usually devoted to their cause. They're also noted for their practical
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leadership style and collaborative approach to developing trust and bonds with their followers

(Asbari, Santoso, & Prasetya, 2020).

Criticisms

Transformational leadership has been chastised for being difficult to implement and for

causing a lack of accountability. According to some detractors, transformative leaders have

unreasonable expectations of their followers, which leads to disillusionment and despair.

Transactional Leadership

Rewards are exchanged for results in performance management. This is a common

leadership style in companies with a specific goal in mind. It is a management approach in which

rewards are exchanged for results. In companies whose primary goal is to achieve a specific

outcome, this sort of leadership is common (Jensen, 2019). Those under the leadership of a

transactional leader are held accountable for meeting or exceeding the standards and goals they

set for themselves and their team members. A frightened and menacing atmosphere can be

created by this type of leadership, but it can also push followers to achieve particular goals

(Kalsoom, Khan, & Zubair, 2018).

Criticisms

A criticism of Transactional Leadership is that it inhibits creativity by focusing on the

short term. The leadership style of transactional leaders is viewed by some as autocratic and

inflexible by certain critics.

Laissez-faire.
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In a laissez-faire society, people are encouraged to work on their own initiative with

minimal or no oversight. It's possible that this type of leadership will work well in companies

with highly skilled and motivated employees. Workers who work under leaders who practice

laissez-faire management, as Wong and Giessner (2018) claim, are more likely to be trusted to

perform tasks on their own without the need for constant supervision. Consequently, employees

may be more motivated to do their best work. On the other side, if employees are poorly

managed or lack the necessary skills to carry out their responsibilities, this leadership style could

pose issues; (Breevaart & Zacher, 2019).

Criticisms

It has been argued that laissez-faire governance has resulted in a lack of direction and

accountability. It is also argued by some observers that this leadership style is too hands-off,

which alienates and disengages personnel.

Leadership and Coca-Cola

Coca-Cola uses a number of leadership styles depending on the situation.

Transformational leadership may be utilized while launching a new product, but transactional

leadership may be used when pursuing a short-term goal. Depending on the situation, Coca-Cola

may take a laissez-faire leadership style, such as letting employees to work on their own projects.

As a result, Coca-leadership Cola's style is flexible and adaptive, allowing the company to select

the style that best suits the situation. An ever-changing business environment could benefit from

this (Ibrahim & Daniel, 2019).

Leadership theories, Criticisms, and their Implementation

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The Theory of the Great Man

A popular theory of leadership holds that great leaders are not created, but rather are

born. While this may be the case, research shows that leadership skills may be learnt. According

to the big man theory, the most significant historical events are attributed to great people, or

heroes (Girton, 2019).

The Theory of Characteristics

People's personality features determine whether or not they become leaders, according to

the characteristic leadership theory. Outgoing, ambitious, and self-assured are common

characteristics of leaders. Some have criticized the characteristic theory for failing to take into

account the complexities of leadership because it is too reductionist. One of the most common

applications of characteristic theory is to the study of leadership. According to this view,

influential leaders have certain characteristics. Such characteristics can be used to identify and

evaluate future leaders (Ylä-Oijala). Besides, training and development programs for leaders

could benefit from this idea.

Theory of Situational Leadership

In accordance with the situational theory of leadership, the appropriate course of action is

determined by the circumstances rather than by a universal strategy. In the business world, this

concept is widely accepted because it allows for a more flexible and adaptable leadership. For

leaders, the context in which they find themselves shapes how they interact with their

subordinates, a concept known as "situational leadership" (Thompson & Glas, 2018).

Leadership Theory of Transformation

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Leaders can inspire their followers to greater heights than they could have dreamed by

embracing the philosophy of transformational leadership. This theory is frequently employed in

political and social movements because it emphasizes the role of vision and motivation in

leadership. When a leader gives their followers a clear vision and helps them achieve it, they can

alter their followers (Turnnidge and Côté, 2018). Businesses, governments, and educational

institutions have all employed this method.

The Coca-Cola Company is using leadership theories to improve its corporate culture.

Incorporating leadership ideas into Coca-Cola's organizational procedures has helped the

company. The company's efforts to develop a more sustainable economic model have been

impacted by the transformational leadership concept. According to this theory, leaders can

motivate and inspire their employees to create extraordinary results by appealing to their higher-

order impulses. A positive impact on society and the environment has been achieved for its

shareholders and other stakeholders.

It has also employed situational leadership theory to change leadership style depending

on the circumstances. In this view, there is no such thing as a leadership style that fits all, and the

most effective leaders are able to change their approach depending on the demands of their team

and the current situation. Based on this approach, it was able to create a more adaptable and

responsive company, which can better meet the needs of its employees and customers (Maisoni,

Yasri, & Abror, 2019).

Leadership ideologies have affected the business strategy of The Coca-Cola Company.

Profits for the company's shareholders and other stakeholders were generated while positive

effects on the environment and society were achieved.

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Leadership Effectiveness Recommendation Improperness

Each situation necessitates a unique approach to leadership. As a result, finding a solution

that works for everyone is impossible (Puccio et al., 2020). Here are some ideas for making

leadership more effective:

 Encourage open dialogue and collaboration among the members of the team.

 Maintaining a positive and cooperative work environment.

 By setting an example for others to follow, one might inspire others to do the same.

 Clear and unmistakable communication of expectations.

 Regularly providing team members with feedback and mentoring.

 Acknowledging and rewarding great achievement and encouraging the development of

new ideas and concepts.

Conclusion.

Employee dissatisfaction, low morale, bad management, excessive staff turnover, and

general dissatisfaction can all be the outcome of poor leadership at work. On the other hand, a

lack of trust and respect in leadership can lead to a decrease in morale and more serious issues.

Finally, poor leadership can have a significant impact on an organization's overall performance.

Employees are more likely to depart if production and morale suffer. There is a risk of starting a

vicious cycle that is difficult to break out of. To avoid these unwanted outcomes, businesses

must ensure that their CEOs are powerful and prominent (Islam, Ahmed, & Ali, 2018).
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