UTS

The Physical Self: The Self as Impacted by the Body

Self-understanding

which consists of the substance and content of self-conceptions, the individual's cognitive
representation of the self.

Physical Self:

The physical self is the tangible aspect of the person that can be

directly observed and examined. Refers to the way you perceive and interact with your own physical
body, and this perception can be influenced by various factors like body image, health, and sensory
experiences.

Puberty and Adolescence:

Puberty, starting around 10 to 12 years old, marks the transition to adolescence, divided into early,
middle, and late stages. Adolescence lasts from 10 to 22 years old and is a period of significant
physical changes.

Growing Up:

Adolescents experience physical changes and shifting interests during their journey from childhood
to teenage years. The rapid changes of adolescence can catch parents off guard as their children
transform into rebellious teenagers.

William James believed the body plays a crucial role in personality development because it has an
influence on emotions, behaviors, and experiences of a person.

Adolescence is divided into three periods:

1. Early Adolescence (11-14 years old)

2. Middle Adolescence (15-17 years old)

3. Late Adolescence (18-21 years old)

Puberty: A Period of Rapid Physical Changes

Erik Erikson emphasized that an individual's physical development during adolescence influences
their ability to cope up with life's challenges effectively.

Body Image:

Refers to how one perceives their appearance, which can be positive or negative. Positive body
image leads to healthy habits and higher self-esteem.

Factors Affecting Perception of Physical Self:

Personal factors:

-Introspection involves looking inward and examining our thoughts and feelings
Social factors:

Social attachment the status of our relationship in our society, social evaluation how it relates to our
selves by evaluating, and social identity how we belong in that society, social factors play a role in
shaping how individuals see themselves.

Cultural factors:

Cultural norms impact body image and self-esteem. Adolescents may feel pressure to meet
societal standards of beauty.

External factors:

like media, celebrity appearance, and social media shape perceptions of beauty.

Material Self

"Sum total of all he call his, not only his body psychic powers, but his clothes and his house, his wife
and children."

-William James

"WE ARE WHAT WE HAVE"

Composition of Material Self

1. Body

- Innermost part of our material self

- Intentionally, we invest in our body

2. Clothes

- The fabric and style of the clothes we wear bring sensations to the body, and can affect our attitude
and behavior.

3. Immediate Family

- These people are likely to shape and influence the development of self-identity.

4. Home

- It is the earliest nest of our selfhood.

Effects of Material Possession

• Material possession can be a reflection of hardwork success.

• People tend to measure success through material possession.

• Material possession can make people more motivated to work harder to achieve them.

Materialism

• The negative effect of the strong desire for material possession.

• The importance that the people give on material possession.

• Excessively concerned with the acquisition of material possession.

Compulsive Buying Disorder (CBD)

• The psychological dysfunction or impairment in functioning caused by strong desire of material

possession.

• Characterized by an obsession with shopping and buying behaviors that caused adverse
consequences ( example: Debt).

Spirituality comes from the Latin word spiritus which means breath or life force.

A. The Concept of Spirituality and the Spiritual Self

Spiritual Self

According to Villafuerte, et al. (2018), spiritual self;

- is who we are at our core.

- is more permanent than the material self and the social self

Spirituality

- is specified more concretely in deepening the faith.

- leads man to deeper communion with the Divine.

B.Religious Practices

-It is a restricted more than belief as it will affect other people.

C.Religious Beliefs in the Philippines

ROMAN CATHOLIC - includes the various ways in which Catholics live out their Baptismal promise
through prayer and action.

ISLAM - Spirituality (Ruhhaniyyat) in Islam is defined as the presence of a relationship with Allah that
affects the individual’s self-worth, sense of meaning, and connectedness with others.

PROTESTANTISM - Introduced by the Americans

IGLESIA NI CRISTO - Local Church that has grown exponentially in the past few years -It believes that
God is not the Holy Trinity but a singular being.

BUDDHISM - Believed that is found it’s way here during 6th 3 7th century. -Might have been brought
by Chinese traders. -.

INDIGENOUS BELIEFS - Often characterized as ANIMISM.

LOGOTHERAPY AND SEARCH FOR THE MEANING OF LIFE

Logotherapy – the pursuit of human existence as well as on man’s search for such meaning. Logos is
a Greek word that translates as “Logotherapy focuses on the future.”

In Logotherapy, man can discover meaning in three ways:

• Doing a deed – this is by finding meaning in life through work, achievements, and
accomplishments. This way differs from man to man, and from moment to moment.

Experiencing a value – it is by experiencing something, or someone, such as loving a person

Suffering – Frankl once said “to live is to suffer, to survive is to find the meaning in the suffering.”
There is a purpose and meaning for each suffering. It is when the person can use the unconquerable
will to find and discover that meaning.

Important aspect of this therapy is known as the “Tragic Triad” which are:

· Pain – turning a suffering into an achievement

· Guilt – drive to use it as an opportunity to change oneself for the better

· Death – reminder that life is impermanent, so make and take responsible actions

THE PRACTICE OS ANIMISM

Spirituality is also associated with animism. Animism is the belief that creatures, objects, and places
possess spirits. It still exists in the modern days’ despite of all the scientific progress and
technological advancements.

THE BELIEFS OF ANIMISM

While animism is practiced differently in many cultures across the globe, generally, animism can be
described by a common belief in spiritual beings

PAGANISM

- Paganism has its roots in the pre-Christian religions of Europe. Its re-emergence in Britain parallels
that in other western countries, where it has been growing rapidly since the 1950s

RELIGIOUS PRACTICES OF PAGANISM

- Most pagans worship the old pre-Christian gods and goddesses through seasonal festivals and other
ceremonies.

Ideas of modesty and dress

There are no particular points to be noted in this area and few pagans would object to being
examined by doctors of the opposite sex.

Death customs

Most pagans believe in some form of reincarnation, viewing death as a transition within a continuing
process of existence.

Birth customs

As paganism celebrates life, birth is viewed as sacred and empowering. Pagan women will wish to
make their own informed decisions regarding prenatal and neonatal care.

DIGITAL SELF

●It is a mask that an individual put on the engage the technology world (Tamara, 2010). It is an
aspect of oneself which is shared to others through the use of social media and technology.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF DIGITAL SELF

●Rusell Belk (2017) believe that POSSESSION are major contributor to and reflection of individuals
identities.
THE REASON FOR HAVING DIGITAL SELF

●Digital Web - allows people to try our different persona that differ from their real-life identities for
the reasons;

1.) People wants to MEET THE EXPECTATION OF OTHERS.

2.) People wants to BOOST THEIR SELF-ESTEEM

SOCIAL MEDIA

●It is a term for numerous technologies that allow instantaneous communication, status updates and
social networking among individuals.

I, ME, MYSELF AND MY USER ID ONLINE IDENTITY

●Digital identity or Online Identity - is a social identity that an Internet user establishes in online
communities and websites. It can also be considered as an actively constructed presentation of
oneself.

●A User ID - is a unique identifier, commonly used to log on to a website, app, or online service. It
may be a username, account number, or email address.

ONLINE DISINHIBITION

-lack of restraint that one feels when communicating online.

There are two types of disinhibition:

1. Benign Disinhibition

●Speaking about emotions, fears, and wishes

●Showing kindness and helping others

●Combating loneliness through social interaction

●Finding emotional support

2. Toxic Disinhibition

●Rude language, harsh criticism, anger, hatred, and threats

●Pornography and violence

●Cyberbullying

●Threatening, humiliating, spreading rumors, making fun of others.

POSITIVE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA & ONLINE INTERACTION ON THE SELF

●Social media sites inform and empower individuals to change themselves and their communities.

●Increased self esteem when receiving many likes and shares.

NEGATIVE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA & ONLINE INTERACTION ON THE SELF

●Extensive online engagement is correlated with personality and brain disorders.

●Low self esteem due to risk of being exposed to cyber bullying and cyber pornography.
BOUNDARIES OF THE SELF ONLINE

●Personal boundaries are the set of guidelines, rules or limits that a person to creates identify
reasonable, safe and permissible ways for people to behave towards them and how they respond in
case someone breaks these rules or overstep the limits.

SETTING BOUNDARIES TO ONLINE SELF

●Stick to safer sites.

●Guard your passwords.

●Be choosy about online friends.

●Remember that anything you put online or post on a site is there forever, even if you try to delete
it.

●Don't be mean or embarrass other people online.

●Limit what you share.

POLITICAL SELF

• Refers to a representation of oneself about him/herself

• Political position based on the interest and perspective of one social organizations

POLITICAL SELF THEORIES

"Social Learning Theory (Albert Bandura)"

• A person can acquire learning through observation and imitation

• Observation and imitation is important in a process known political socialization,

• Political socialization is the lifelong process by which individuals gain knowledge about politics.

"Cognitive Theory”

• Suggest that mental activities (e.g., knowledge, perceptions, ideas) of individuals are important
determinants of behaviour (e.g., political attitude)

Example: individuals interpret meaning of politics and then choose and decide the actions they will
make.

"Theory of Symbolic Interaction”

• Suggests that behaviors are products of communication, meaning, and symbols.

• People give meanings to symbols and they express these meanings through language
communication.

Example: children develop their political attitudes according to the symbols and meanings that their
parents communicate to them.

"Theory of Political Participation"

• Defined as the citizen's action or actirities anchored in politics

ORIGIN OF POLITICAL SELF

Family

The family has a hierarchical structure Through hierarchy of positions, status and power

Example: Father acts as a leader and establishes rules to maintain order in the family

This shows that authority is necessary in the development of political self and identity

School

The school's responsibility is to teach moral, spiritual, and political values that will help the

students to become patriotic and morally upright citizen

Example: UTS subject, GMRC, ROTC The school is similar to family, where the teacher acts as

the leader in classroom that sets the rules and regulation to maintain order in class.

Church

Helps the shape ideals of citizenship and democracy through the religious teachings, values and
tradition

Peers

Interaction with the peers encompasses and emphasizes the equal distribution of power, rights and
privileges among members of the group

Mass Media

Key to the source of information on politics Family, School, Church, Peers and moral behaviors that
influence political beharior and political self

Democracy

A government in which the supreme is vested in and exercised by the people directly or indirectly
through a system of presentation, usually involving periodical held free elections.

Examples:

It fosters human development i.e. health education, personal income and any other indicators more
fully than do other forms of government

Managing the self

Managing one-self involves a blend of self awareness. discipline, and continuous improvement.
Understand your strengths and weaknesses.

Caring the self

Self-care is a vital practice for overall well-being. Prioritize your physical health through regular
exercise, a balanced diet, and sufficient rest.

The 10 more understanding about you can proactively manage and care yourself :
1. Improved Well-being : Engaging in self management and care practices contributes to enhanced
physical and mental wellbeing.

2. Increased Resilience : Developing a self care routine fosters resilience , helping individuals better
cope with stressors and challenges .

3.Engahanced Productivity : Adequate self-care positively influences productivity by ensuring

individuals are physically and mentally fit to handle daily tasks.

4. Balanced Lifestyle: Learning to manage and care for oneself promotes a balanced lifestyle ,
preventing burn out and fostering sustainable habits.

5.Emotional Intelligence: Self-care involves understanding and managing emotions , leading to

improved emotional intelligence and better interpersonal relationships .

6.Goal Attainment : Setting and achieving personal goals becomes more attainable when individuals
prioritize self-care and manage the time and resources effectively.

7. Positive Mindset: Regular self-care contributes to a positive mindset , helping individuals approach
challenges with optimism and adaptability.

8.Healthy Habits: Establishing routines for sleep , exercise , and nutrition promotes the
development of healthy habits that contribute to long-term well-being.

9. Stress Reduction: Effective self -management strategies help reduce stress levels , preventing the
negative impact of chronic stress on physical and mental health.

10. Improved Decision-Making : When individuals prioritize self-care , they are better equipped to
make sound decisions as they are in a balanced and clear state of mind.

"GETTING STRESS OUT OF YOUR LIFE TAKES MORE THAN PRAYER ALONE YOU MUST TAKE ACTION
TO MAKE CHANGES AND STOP DOING WHATEVER IS CAUSING THE STRESS. YOU CAN LEARN TO
CALM DOWN IN THE WAY YOU HANDLE THINGS ".

-Joyce Meyer