MODULE 8

THE MATERIAL SELF

1. The self is all that a person perceives to be his or hers, including not only one's body and material
things, but also one's reputation and beliefs. As a result, the self is made up of the material self, which is
the embodiment of one's identity through one's material assets.

2. People's material things are valuable regardless of how much or how little they have since they
represent their social position. Cars, houses, toys, and clothes are some of the most precious belongings
for some people since they are the most visible to others. The more expensive things are, the more
amazed others are. Material belongings serve as a physical embodiment of the ego. Material assets can
serve as a symbol of hard effort and achievement. Typically, people judge their success by the quantity of
their material goods. Owning material belongings provides a motivator for an individual to strive for high
levels of success in order to gain more stuff.

3. Materialism is the belief that material belongings are more important than immaterial values. While
a materialistic person is someone who is overly obsessed with acquiring material stuff.
-Explaining love in terms of material things is an example of materialism. A new car being valued over
friendships is an illustration of materialism.

4. Although compulsive buying behavior (CBB) is recognized as a common mental health condition, its
placement into classification systems remains unclear. The goal of this study was to evaluate the
sociodemographic and clinic characteristics associated with the CBB phenotype to other behavioral
addictions. Treatment-seeking individuals were divided into five groups: CBB, sexual addiction, Internet
gaming disorder, Internet addiction, and gambling problem. When compared to other behavioral
addictions, CBB had a higher number of women, higher degrees of psychopathology, and higher levels of
the personality traits novelty seeking, harm avoidance, reward dependency, persistence, and
cooperativeness. The findings highlight the diversity in clinical characteristics of patients diagnosed with
various behavioral addiction subtypes and give fresh light on the primary processes of CBB. No, I'm not
like that because I can manage my impulse to buy stuff I don't need and only buy items I genuinely need.

B. 1. Life size spider-man stuff toy it is special because it was given to me by a special person, my mother.
2. My bracelet it has special meaning for me because it was given to me by my aunt.
3. My Nike shoes It is precious to me because it was given to me by my father.
4. My cat because I consider it a member of our family because it was a gift from my uncle.
5. My laptop It is special since it was given to me by my uncle.

C. The body is a fundamental component of the material self. One of the objectives of adolescents is to
accept and appropriate their body's physical qualities. Few teens, however, are concerned about their
bodies and physical attractiveness. Girls are generally more concerned about their body's attractiveness
than boys. Perceptions of what constitutes a beautiful physique are frequently impacted by the media,
particularly television and the internet. People's clothes are another aspect of their material selves.
Clothes symbolize the individual. Clothing style and brand become major symbols, especially among
adolescents. Adolescents are anxious to adhere to what their peer groups feel stylish and beautiful, so the
clothes they wear are heavily affected by their peer groups. Aside from clothing, the material component
of the self can include a person's home, automobile, pets, and other items that he or she perceives to be
his or her possession. People an individual has relationships with, such as immediate and extended family
members, as well as close friends with whom one feels psychologically connected, comprise the material
component of the self.
 MODULE 9
THE SPIRITUAL SELF
A.
1. The spiritual portion of one's self is the inner essence, the part of one's self that ties one to the sacred,
supernatural, and world. The spiritual self encompasses the individual who feels one with a higher being
and the universe and provides a greater purpose or significance to one's life. Understanding and
nourishing one's spiritual self is just as vital as understanding and caring one's physical self. Interaction,
observation, and imitation help to shape the spiritual self. A child's spiritual growth is heavily influenced
by his or her family, school, and church. Spirituality develops throughout life as people engage with their
surroundings on a daily basis.

2. The term spirituality derives from the Latin word spiritus, which means breath or vital energy.
Spirituality can be defined as the search for the sacred, a process through which people seek to discover,
hold on to, and modify whatever they consider sacred in their life. Spiritual health and communion with a
transcendent being. A higher entity could be referred to by the sacred transcendence. Religion, on the
other hand, is a structured system of concepts about the spiritual sphere or the supernatural, as well as
accompanying ceremonial rituals, by which people attempt to interpret and/or influence aspects of the
universe that are otherwise beyond their control.

3. Sacred refers to something that is devoted or set apart for the service or worship of a deity; something
that is deserving of spiritual regard or devotion; or something that evokes awe or reverence among
believers.

4. The pursuit of human existence, as well as man's search for such meaning, is the subject of logotherapy.
According to logotherapy, the primary motivating force in man is the desire to find meaning in one's life.
In logotherapy, the meaning of life can be discovered in three ways: by doing a good deed, experiencing a
value, and suffering. Finding meaning in life is through accomplishments or achievements in executing an
action. The second approach to discover purpose in life is to experience something or someone, such as
falling in love. Suffering is the third approach to discover the purpose of existence. Man encounters the
basic issue of existentialism through his sufferings: to love or to suffer, to survive is to find meaning in the
suffering. If there is any meaning in life, it must include suffering and death.

B.

1. Spirituality is also linked to animism; views about the sacred include the basic concept of animism, or
the belief that particular creatures, things, and places possess spirits. Animism is also the concept that
things and places have life and are governed by a higher power.

2. Spirituality is also linked to animism; views about the sacred include the basic concept of animism, or
the belief that particular creatures, things, and places possess spirits. Animism is also the concept that
things and places have life and are governed by a higher power.Spirituality can assist people in developing
a more optimistic attitude on life. To find a sense of community and support: Because spiritual traditions
frequently entail structured faiths or groups, joining such a group can be a valuable source of social
support.
 MODULE 10
POLITICAL SELF
A.
1. The political self aids in the definition of the form and activities of government, in telling and
comprehending the relationship between the state and the citizens, and in describing their rights,
freedoms, and obligations as citizens.
 Candidate recruitment and nomination.
 Educating the public about campaign concerns.
 Assisting candidates in winning elections.
 Officeholders' acts are being monitored.
 To preserve societal cohesion by establishing standards.

2. According to the Social Learning Theory, learning can be acquired through observation and imitation. In
imitation, the learner observes another person's conduct and then mimics that behavior. Political
socialization, the lifetime process by which individuals develop information about politics, relies heavily on
observation and imitation. Another theory in political self is cognitive theory, which proposes that
individuals' mental activity are major drivers of action. According to the Theory of Symbolic Interaction,
behaviors are the result of communication, meaning, and symbols. People interpret symbols and
communicate their interpretations through language and communication.

3. Kendall describes politics as a social institution through which people and organizations gain and
exercise power. Aristotle describes the role that politics and the political community must play in bringing
about virtuous life among the people in his work Politics.

4. Citizenship is defined as a person's full membership in any state where he or she has civil and political
rights. Citizenship is a relationship formed between a person and a country to which the person owes
allegiance and is entitled to protection in exchange.

ASSESSMENT:
 Dr. Jose Rizal - He fought for free speech and assembly, equal legal rights for Filipinos, and Filipino
priests in place of the often-corrupt Spanish churchmen. Furthermore, Rizal advocated for the
Philippines to be recognized as a Spanish province, with representation in the Spanish legislature,
the Cortes Generales.We share the trait of being brave and fighting for our country's freedom of
speech.
 General Antonio Luna - He succeeded Artemio Ricarte as Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the
Philippines, and was regarded as one of the harshest generals of his time. He hoped to apply his
military science skills to the emerging army. He organized professional guerilla fighters subsequently
known as the "Luna Sharpshooters" and the "Black Guard," both of which he was a sniper. His three-
tiered fortification, now known as the Luna Defense Line, made life difficult for American troops in
the provinces north of Manila. This defensive line resulted in the establishment of a military base in
the Cordillera.The same trait of bravery and readiness to battle for our country's freedom.
 Apolinario Mabini - Apolinario Mabini, a revolutionary hero from the Philippines, made significant
contributions to his country. He was unable to fight on the battlefield, but he utilized his wisdom and
pen and paper to inspire the people to fight for independence. He was renowned as the "Brains of
the Revolution" and the "Sublime Paralytic". We share the same trait that will apply wisdom for the
welfare of our country.

MODULE 11
 THE DIGITAL SELF
A.
1. The digital self is the component of oneself that is expressed or shared with others via online
interactions on the internet, particularly social networking sites. Users typically give personal information
such as their name, age, birthdate, address, and contract details on such sites.

2. It is now easier to get to work or do home duties thanks to advances in technology. There are several
gadgets and pieces of equipment that make people's life easier. It has also had an impact on many
industries in today's society, including transportation, education, and medical.

3. Being emotionally upset while using the Internet or the phone, being very secretive or protective of
one's digital life, withdrawal from family members, friends, and activities, avoiding school or group
gatherings, slipping grades and "acting out" in anger at home, changes in mood, behavior, sleep, or
appetite, wanting to stop using the computer or device, being nervous or jumpy when receiving an instant
message, text, or email are all signs of cyberbullying.

4. The Philippines has the Southeast Asia's fastest increasing internet population. This can be attributed to
the fact that the majority of Filipinos, especially the youth, utilize the internet largely for social
networking, which is primarily used for communication, information, and entertainment.

B.
1. Anti-discrimination laws are based on equality principles, specifically that persons should not be treated
differently because of the traits listed above. At the same time, they have frequently been criticized as
infringements on the underlying right to free association. Anti-discrimination legislation is intended to
safeguard against both individual prejudice and structural discrimination (arising from policies or
procedures that disadvantage certain groups). In deciding whether a certain conduct or policy constitutes
discrimination, courts may consider both discriminatory intent and differential impact.

2. Internet ethics refers to acceptable Internet behavior. On the Internet, we must be truthful and respect
the rights and property of others.
 Acceptance - The internet should be utilized to communicate with family and friends. Avoid
conversing with strangers and forwarding e-mails from unknown people/strangers. We must be
aware of the risks associated with chatting with strangers and passing e-mails to strangers.
 Pretending to be someone else - We must not use the Internet to deceive others by posing as
someone else. In the Internet era, hiding our own identity to deceive others is a felony that may
potentially endanger others.
 Hide personal information - We should not provide personal information such as our home address,
phone numbers, hobbies, or passwords. Photographs should not be sent to strangers since they may
be exploited and shared with others without the sender's knowledge.

3. The Data Privacy Act, Republic Act No. 10173, is a law that strives to protect all types of information,
whether private, personal, or sensitive. It is intended to apply to both natural and legal individuals
involved in the processing of personal information.

4. Privacy is fundamental to who we are as humans, and it helps us define our relationships with the
outside world every day. It permits us to be ourselves without condemnation and to think freely without
discrimination. It provides us with sovereignty and the ability to live with dignity.

MODULE 12
 MANAGING AND CARING FOR THE SELF
Learning to be a Batter Student
A.
1. Learning was described by behaviorists as an observable change in behavior. This was seen as a
scientific technique at the time, as opposed to the previous introspective or psychoanalytic understanding
of learning.

2. It is defined as the nervous system's ability to reorganize its structure, functions, or connections in
response to intrinsic or external stimuli, such as a stroke or traumatic brain damage (TBI).

3. A neuron is a nerve cell that serves as the foundation of the nervous system. In many ways, neurons are
comparable to other cells in the human body, but there is one significant distinction between neurons and
other cells. Neurons are designed to send information throughout the body.

4. Metacognitive knowledge (also known as metacognitive awareness) is what cognitive processors know
about themselves and others. Metacognitive regulation is the process of controlling one's cognition and
learning experiences through a series of actions.

B.
1.
2.
 Cell Body - is a nerve cell's compact portion containing the nucleus and cytoplasm. It is also known as
the perikaryon or the soma. A nerve cell (or neuron) is a type of cell found in the nervous system,
which includes the brain and spinal cord.
 Axon - Each neuron in your brain has one lengthy cable that runs away from the cell's main body.
This cable is called an axon, and it is where electrical impulses from the neuron travel to be received
by other neurons. It is several times thinner than a human hair.
 Cell Membrane - The cell membrane, also known as the plasma membrane, is found in all cells and
serves to separate the cell's interior from the outside environment. The cell membrane is made up of
a semipermeable lipid bilayer. The cell membrane controls the passage of materials into and out of
the cell.
 Dendrites - Dendrites are appendages that are meant to receive communications from neighboring
cells. They have a tree-like structure, with projections that are activated by neighboring neurons and
conduct electrical charge to the cell body (or, more rarely, directly to the axons).
 Axon Hillock - Axon hillocks are lengthy projections of neurons that carry outward neuronal cell
messages, as opposed to dendrites, which are short protrusions from the neuronal cell body that
convey inbound impulses to the neuron.
 Myelin Sheath - Myelin is a sheath-like insulating coating that forms around nerves, including those
in the brain and spinal cord. It is composed of protein and fatty acids. This myelin sheath helps
electrical impulses to travel along nerve cells rapidly and efficiently.
 Oligodendrocyte - Oligodendrocytes are central nervous system myelinating cells (CNS). They are the
end product of a cell lineage which has to through a complex and precisely timed program of
proliferation, migration, differentiation, and myelination to finally generate the insulating sheath of
axons.
 Node of Ranvier - Ranvier nodes are tiny gaps within myelinated axons. Their function is to
accelerate action potential propagation along the axon via saltatory conduction. The Nodes of
Ranvier are the spaces between the myelin insulation of Schwann cells that insulate neuron axons.
 Synaptic End Bulbs - The tip of the axon terminal enlarges and becomes known as the synaptic end
bulb towards the end of the axon terminal, closest to the muscle fiber. The nervous system
component of the neuromuscular junction is the synaptic end bulb of the motor neuron.
 Axon Terminal - Axon terminals, also known as synaptic boutons, are tiny swellings found at the
termination of axons. They are usually the locations of synapses with other neurons, and
neurotransmitters are stored there to communicate with other neurons via these synapses.

3. Self-regulated learning is not a natural ability, but rather a skill set that can be learned to assist pupils
direct themselves through the process of learning. Students can study more effectively when they develop
this skill set because they can create clear goals for themselves and track their progress based on their
goals and tactics. Students who practice self-regulation become less reactive and more proactive in their
learning. Metacognition is the awareness of one's own thinking and learning techniques. Metacognition is
simply defined as cognition about cognition or thinking about thinking. It has been demonstrated that
pupils who have improved their ability to regulate their learning can enhance their performance. This
occurs as a result of the self-reflection encouraged by self-regulated learning, which allows students to
better understand how to approach learning and use available resources. Students who learn to regulate
their learning can enjoy psychological benefits such as increased perceived control over achievement and
a less negative attitude toward exams. Using self-regulation approaches allows students to course correct
and become more autonomous learners since they can see which strategies are effective or not as they
monitor their own learning.
MODULE 13
 SETTING GOALS FOR SUCCESS
A.
1. Motivation steers a person's conduct toward a specific objective. A goal is the item toward which the
action is aimed, typically within a given time frame. In the context of industrial/organizational psychology,
a goal is simply defined as what an individual is deliberately attempting to do. Motivation is crucial
because it: supplies you with goals to work toward. helps you solve difficulties. Assists you in breaking old
habits.

2. One of the driving elements underlying human behavior is motivation. It encourages rivalry and fosters
social interaction. Its absence might result in mental diseases like depression. Motivation is the urge to
keep striving for meaning, purpose, and a life worth living.

3. Maslow believed that human wants can be structured into a hierarchy in order to better understand
what motivates people. This hierarchy goes from more physical demands like food and water to
philosophical ideas like self-actualization.

4.

B.
1. The two basic categories of motivation are intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, which represent all
motivational drivers. Intrinsic motivation refers to all motivational kinds that are motivated by internal
benefits, whereas extrinsic motivation refers to all motivational types that are motivated by external
incentives.
 Intrinsic Motivation - Intrinsic motivation is described as doing something for the sake of doing it
rather than for any other reason. When a person is intrinsically driven, he or she is moved to
perform because of the enjoyment or challenge involved, rather than because of external products,
demands, or incentives.
 Extrinsic Motivation - Extrinsic motivation is the use of prizes or other incentives, such as praise,
fame, or money, to motivate people to do certain things. It is driven by external factors, as opposed
to intrinsic desire, and may be less successful for long-term behavior change.

2. Maslow divided his hierarchy into two categories of overarching needs: growth needs and insufficiency
needs. The primary distinction between growth and deficiency needs is a shift in motivation as needs are
met. When growth requirements are met, motivation rises.

3. A fixed mindset describes youngsters (and adults) who feel their intelligence, talents, and personalities
are fixed and cannot be developed. They believe that humans are born with a specific amount of talent
(or special capabilities) that cannot be improved with time. People with a growth mindset think that
intelligence and creativity, as well as emotions such as love and friendship, can be developed through
practice and time. Because they reframe problems as learning opportunities, they are less likely to be
discouraged by failure. This permits people to be fulfilled and joyful.

MODULE 14
 TAKING CHARGE OF ONE’S HEALTH
A.
1. People sometimes employ unconscious tactics called defense mechanisms to cope with pain and
anxiety in order to deal with dissatisfaction, conflicts, and stress. While addressing the source of the
problem is critical, relaxing techniques can help you deal with the irritation in the short term. Journaling,
exercise, and mindfulness are all activities that can help you relieve stress and build your resilience.

2. Intelligence, abilities, and talents are viewed as learnable and capable of improvement via effort by
someone with a growth mindset. A fixed mindset, on the other hand, regards those same characteristics
as intrinsically stable and unchangeable over time. As an ambitious entrepreneur, for example, you'll need
fundamental finance skills to construct your company's budget and financial statements. "I've never been
good with math, let alone financial statements," you may believe if you have a rigid perspective. "I'm not
cut out to run my own company."If you recognize you've been living with a fixed mindset, you can shift to
a growth mindset by providing yourself plenty of opportunities to learn new things. Examples of
opportunities are networking and knowledge-sharing with other professionals, reading articles and books
on topics you’re interested in, and brainstorming and problem-solving with others to obtain new insights.

3. People utilize defense mechanisms to distance oneself from unpleasant experiences, acts, or ideas.
Defense mechanisms are derived from psychoanalytic theory, a psychological perspective on personality
that defines personality as the interaction of three components: id, ego, and super-ego.

4. The alarm stage occurs when your central nervous system is activated, causing your body's defenses to
gather. The fight-or-flight response is triggered during the SOS stage. The resistance stage is when your
body starts to mend itself and normalizes your heart rate, blood pressure, and other vital signs. Your body
enters this recuperation phase after the initial shock of a stressful event, but it stays on high alert for a
while. The exhaustion stage occurs when activity in the first two stages persists over time, causing a
breakdown in your body's homeostasis. Certain disorders, such as diabetes or heart disease, may begin at
this age.

5. Focusing on the situation is one way people cope with stress. Individuals in problem-focused coping
reduce the impact of the situation by searching for the best solutions through their own efforts. Emotion
focused coping looks to be another method that tends to help an individual cope with a stressful event.
This approach is used by the individual to minimize the intensity of negative feelings. Biofeedback,
relaxation techniques, meditation, and physical activity are some of the behavioral techniques that can be
used to assist people cope with stressful situations. Biofeedback is a technique derived from medical
equipment and programs that allows an individual to notice and reduce stress symptoms such as tension
headache. Relaxation practices (deep breathing, music listening), meditation, and exercise (aerobic,
swimming, jogging) might help people cope with daily stress and regulate stress-related health problems
like heart disease, high blood pressure, and diabetes. Having a social support system or a network of
family members and friends tends to aid people through stressful situations.

6. A stressor is anything that disrupts the body's allostatic balance, and the stress response is the body's
attempt to restore allostasis. Distress is stress that has a negative impact on you, whereas eustress is
stress that has a beneficial impact on you. We are energized and motivated to make a change while we
are under stress. It provides us a positive outlook and allows us to overcome hurdles and sickness.

7. Internal and external conflict are the two types of conflict. Internal conflict occurs when a character
contends with opposing goals or beliefs within themselves. It occurs within them and drives their
character development. External conflict pits a character against something or someone over which they
have no control.

B.
1. Stress Management - Stress management provides a variety of ways to assist you in dealing with stress
and difficulty (adversity) in your life. Stress management can help you live a more balanced, healthier life.
Stress is a natural physical, mental, and emotional reaction to a traumatic incident. It's a typical aspect of
everyone's life.

2. Acculturation - Acculturation can be characterized as the 'process of acquiring and adopting the values,
beliefs, language, practices and mannerisms of the new country immigrants and their families are living in,
including behaviors that affect health such as eating habits, exercise levels and substance use.

3. Stress - Any form of change that creates physical, emotional, or psychological distress is referred to as
stress. Stress is your body's reaction to anything that demands your attention or action. To some extent,
everyone is stressed.

4. Defense Mechanism - People utilize defense mechanisms to distance oneself from unpleasant
experiences, acts, or ideas. Defense mechanisms are derived from psychoanalytic theory, a psychological
perspective on personality that defines personality as the interaction of three components: id, ego, and
super-ego.
5. Denial - Denial can be triggered by anxiety, worry, or uncertainty. People try to maintain their
emotional security as a basic human inclination. When an event threatens or scares people, these feelings
may be pushed to the side as a coping tactic.

ASSESSMENT
Today, I can state that this year has produced stress for many people, as well as depression and worry in
others. Almost everyone faces issues and burdens of obligation on a daily basis, and with the devastating
epidemic still raging, many of us are concerned about the future state and situation of our lives and the
globe. When I feel or experience stress, it implies that I already have my own duties in life that I must
fulfill every day, and this is the start of my challenge in approaching adolescence. When I was younger, all
I wanted to do was play as much as I could with the kids I met; I didn't care about anything; these were
the times when I had no responsibilities in life. But as time passes, many things change about me; I'm
already taking on duties, and at this point, I need to know how to deal with them and carry them out.
Being an adult is essentially about transferring power and responsibility from your parents to yourself, as
well as letting go of any real or perceived hurt and pain from the past. Accepting responsibility brings with
it the "stress" that can pull us down, so we must learn how to avoid and resist it. But I may relieve my
stress by doing things that interest me, and I should also do activities that are enjoyable. I should relax,
exercise for a healthy lifestyle, smile and laugh, seek social support, and meditation. There are numerous
techniques to relieve stress. I can do it even in our small house, even with all of my troubles, even though
it is difficult for all of us, and it can help in the transitions that occur in the middle and late phases of
puberty. Even though I am frequently stressed and have many negative individuals around me, I must
maintain my positive thinking; I must not allow anything to damage or stop me; instead, I must
concentrate on the things I require the most. If you believe that the finest thing you can do for yourself is
to take a little break to breathe and relax, you are correct. Adolescence prevents me from altering even
minor or major difficulties so that I can manage them if there is a way to overcome them.
 REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES
BICOL UNIVERSITY
POLANGUI CAMPUS

UNDERSTANDING THE SELF

(FINAL ACTIVITY)

SUBMITTED BY:
MANUEL C. SAPAO
BSIT-1A

SUBMITTED TO:
MRS. CECILIA H. REDOBLADO
Instructor