OB POINTERS

PROGESTERONE= thick cervical mucus DIAPER RASH/ERYTHEMA TOXICUM MNGMT

OVIDUCTS = commonly affected in PID
ECTOPIC = mass on the left side, knife-like stabbing
pain, radiates to the shoulder, unilateral
= keep it clean and dry, water, often change
diapers CATEGORY I = NO contraindication to
use

CROWNING = perform Ritgen’s Maneuver CATEGORY II = benefits/advantages outweigh the

1ST MANEUVER= fundal grip risk CATEGORY III = risk outweighs

benefits/advantages CATEGORY IV =
2ND MANEUVER = umbilical grip
unacceptable/contraindicated
3RD MANEUVER = pawlik’s grip
ENGAGEMENT! 4TH MANEUVER = fetal attitude PROLIFERATIVE PHASE = ESTROGEN
CEPHALIC OVULATION = HIGH ESTROGEN AND SURGE
PROMINENCE OF PROGESTERONE

BATTLEDORE = umbilical cord inserted at the LUTEAL PHASE = PROGESTERONE

EDGE OF THE PLACENTA MENSTRUATION = DECREASE ESTROGEN
ACCRETA = deeply implanted AND PROGESTERONE

SUCCENTURIATA = with accessory lobe CORTICOSTEROIDS =

CIRCUMVALLATA = central depression
MCROBERT’S MANEUVER = delivery of
SHOULDER in shoulder dystocia in cephalic delivery
BRANDT ANDREWS MANEUVER = delivery of
the placenta / CREDE’S MANEUVER
MAURICEAU’S MANEUVER = delivery of
FETAL HEAD in breech
OBSTETRIC CONJUGATE = narrowest AP
diameter of the pelvis. The most important
measurement in the pelvis. Measure diagonal
conjugate first for u to get OB conjugate (minus 1.5-2
cm in diagonal conjugate)
TRUE PELVIS = lies below linea terminalis
FALSE PELVIS = lies above linea terminalis to
direct fetus in the true pelvis
betamethasone/dexamethasone given weekly until the
term for the MATURITY OF FETAL LUNGS
Normal Lecithin/Sphingomyelin ratio = 2:1
BARTHOLOMEW’S 3 LANDMARKS = just above
the symphisis pubis ( 12wks) level of Umbilicus (20
wks)
xiphoid process (36 wks) due to lightening
PARTOGRAPH:
Right of Action Line. What to do? REFER
The central feature is CERVICAL
DILATATION When to start plotting? ACTIVE
PHASE, 4cm
LOCHIA for 2 days? RUBRA/RED
LACERATION:

HEARTBURN MNGMT = avoid milk, avoid greasy 1ST DEGREE = skin

and fatty foods, magnesium and aluminum
hydroxide, and only small frequent feeding.
HOME-BASED MATERNAL RECORD
(HBMR) PANEL 2 = Danger signs
CONDYLOMATA ACUMINATA/HUMAN
PAPILLOMA VIRUS = cauliflower-like lesions
BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS = presence of CLUE
CELLS under the microscope
CANDIDIASIS/MONILIASIS/YEAST INFECTION
= foul and fishy smelling, cheese-like vaginal
discharge THREATENED ABORTION = closed
2ND DEGREE = levator ani muscles
3RD DEGREE = anal sphincter
4TH DEGREE = rectal mucosa
Sources of IRON? LIVER, DARK GREEN
LEAFY VEGETABLES
PSEUDOCYESIS =false pregnancy s/sx
AMENORRHEA, NAUSEA, UTERINE GROWTH
PSEUDOMENSTRUATION = blood tinged in
newborn (normal) due to withdrawal of
maternal hormones estrogen

cervix with IRREVERSIBLE FP = BTL and

FHT VASECTOMY LONG-TERM REVERSIBLE =
INEVITABLE ABORTION = open cervix NO IUD
FHT (KUSA)
Postpartum FP methods? LAM, IUD, POP,
IMMINENT ABORTION = open cervix NO DEPO PROVERA
FHT (WITH URGE TO BEAR DOWN)
3 WEEKS = NON-BF COC
MISSED ABORTION = closed cervix NO FHT
6 WEEKS = BF POP
INCOMPLETE = open cervix NO FHT (WITH
RETAINED FRAGMENTS) D&C 6 MONTHS = BF COC

COMPLETE = open cervix NO FHT 3-4 WEEKS = menstruation resume ifNON-BF

(COMPLETE RELEASE OF FRAGMENTS) 6 weeks = POSTPARTUM PERIOD
ENGORGEMENT MNGMT = continue BF and Postpartum Hemorrhage cause? BOGGY UTERUS,
complete emptying of the breast UTERINE ATONY (after childbirth)
RETAINED PLACENTAL FRAGMENTS (after 24
hrs)
PREGNANCY INDUCED HYPERTENSION
(PIH): CONVULSION? ECLAMPSIA. give
MgS04 to
prevent convulsion
PRE ECLAMPSIA? EDEMA, PROTEINURIA,
HPN Dark red vaginal bleeding, board-like abdomen,
painful during 7 mos? ABRUPTIO PLACENTA
ORAL GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST (OGTT):
for GESTATIONAL DIABETES test (24-28 weeks)
Thickening of the Endometrium? ESTROGEN
Maintains the thickness of the endometrium?
PROGESTERONE
MUCUS becomes thin? ESTROGEN
MUCUS becomes thick? PROGESTERONE
PRECIPITATE LABOR MNGMT = rapid
breathing do not push. use a brown paper bag
INVOLUTION = UTERINE CONTRACTION
Abdominal pain felt during PP = AFTER PAIN more
on MULTIPARA
Protection of pregnancy at least how many TT? =
2 DOSES OF TETANUS TOXOID
Landmark in STATION? = ISCHIAL SPINE,
NON-PALPABLE DURING IE
MENSTRUATION is due to the withdrawal of
PROGESTERONE that maintains the thickness of
endometrium
FETAL VESSEL. Highly oxygenated blood? =
UMBILICAL VEIN
SECRETORY PHASE = PROGESTERONE
OXYTOCIC OR UTEROTONIC DRUGS =
OXYTOCIN decreases BP and METHERGINE
increases BP
Sago-like discharges? H-MOLE/GESTATIONAL
TROPHOBLASTIC DISEASE. Positive PT but
NO FHT
200,000-300,000 IU maximum of HCG in normal
pregnancy. If millions IU and elevated HCG
means H-MOLE
H-MOLE MNGMT = METHOTREXATE to
prevent CHORIOCARCINOMA. NO
PREGNANCY AND
ESTROGEN PILLS FOR 1 YEAR
PID. What category of medical eligibility to IUD? =
CATEGORY IV bc contraindication to a women
with PID
GONORRHEA = purulent discharges,
tulo/drip/clap (asymptomatic to women)
2 most common cause of PID? = CHLAMYDIA
and GONORRHEA
Jagged tears = LACERATION
BMI of 40, interpretation? MORBIDLY OBESE
OLIGOHYDRAMNIOS = caused by KIDNEY
AGENESIS or RENAL AGENESIS
AP diameter of FETAL HEAD:
VERTEX = suboccipitobregmatic (narrowest) 9.5
cm most common fetal presentation
SINCIPUT (MILITARY) = occipitofrontal (11cm)
forehead
BROW = partial extension, mentum (chin)
FACE = widest AP diameter ( 13- 13.5 cm)
occipitomental. cannot enter the maternal pelvis (poor
flexion)
Cause of constipation during labor? =
IMMOBILITY Oviducts? = FALLOPIAN TUBE
Non-palpable during IE? = ISCHIAL SPINE
IE during bleeding, are midwives allowed? NONONO
There is firm uterine contraction but there is bleeding
during the postpartum period. What to suspect? =
LACERATION
Food-borne disease? HEPATITIS A
SYPHILIS causative agent? =
TREPONEMA PALLIDUM
Positive FERN TEST is due to estrogen and PROM
Characteristics of cervix during pregnancy? =
SOFT, GOODELS SIGN
1ST STAGE OF LABOR? = CERVICAL
DILATATION STAGE
2ND STAGE OF LABOR = FETAL DELIVERY
STAGE 3RD STAGE OF LABOR = PLACENTAL
DELIVERY STAGE
Partograph. The interval of ALERT and ACTION? =
4 HOURS
BANDL’S RING also known as? = PATHOLOGIC
RETRACTION RING or OBSTRUCTED LABOR
or DYSTOCIA
ENDOMETRIOSIS = pain, infertility
ECTOPIC PREGNANCY = AMPULLA (site
of fertilization) ISTHMUS (dangerous site)
CULLEN SIGN = bluish discoloration on the umbilicus
UNRUPTURED ECTOPIC PREGNANCY MNGMT =
Methotrexate/mifepristone/anti-progesterone/misoprost
o l cytotec
HYPEREMESIS GRAVIDARUM = excessive vomiting
due to abnormal HCG that could lead to
ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE.
HYPEREMESIS GRAVIDARUM MNGMT: = small
frequent feeding, IVF with Vitamin B, keep away emetic
basin out of sight
CORD PROLAPSE mngmt: = TRENDELENBURG
or KNEE CHEST
Closed cervix, mild uterine contraction with slight
vaginal bleeding? = THREATENED ABORTION
METHERGINE, what action? = sustained uterine
contraction, best given AFTER placental
expulsion. INCREASE BP
OXYTOCIN, what action? sustain uterine
contraction, best given BEFORE placental expulsion.
DECREASE BP
Thickening of the endometrium in non-pregnant?
= ESTROGEN
Thickening of the endometrium during pregnancy?
= PROGESTERONE
Causes of JAUNDICE in breastfeeding =
PREGNANEDIOL
HEMORRHOIDS, what to do? = SITZ BATH 40- TETRACYCLINE = causing teeth stain.
42C (20 mins) DECREASES EFFICACY OF PILLS
ORTHOPNEIC POSITION = able to breath on
sitting position commonly seen for ASTHMA. (45-
70)
Anterior of Vagina? = URINARY BLADDER
Posterior of Vagina? = CUL DE SAC
HIV, infected area? = VULVA
Mucus that pass through vagina? =
ENDOCERVICAL MUCUS
Characteristics of cervix during pregnancy? =
SOFT (GOODELL SIGN)
Birth Spacing? = 3-5 YEARS
Fetal head descent? = BELOW PELVIC BRIM
KEGELS EXERCISE = PUBOCOCCYGEUS
MUSCLE
RIGHT OCCIPUT POSTERIOR = BACK LABOR
Partograph. Passes alert line. what to do? =
PERFORM ALERT
Passes action line. what to do? REFER
Active Management of the Third Stage of Labor
(AMTSL) MNGMT? = oxy after delivery of the
baby, CONTROLLED CORD TRACTION,
UTERINE
MASSAGE
ADNEXAL MASS = ECTOPIC, STABBING
KNIFE-LIKE
BOARD-LIKE HARD = ABRUPTIO
PLACENTA fetal circulation. Right atrium to left
atrium? =
FORAMEN OVALE
AMENORRHEA = PRESUMPTIVE SIGN
DEPO PROVERA (DMPA) = 3 MONTHS
IUD = T-COPPER 380 ( 10 YEARS) inserted
DURING MENSTRUATION, IMMEDIATELY
AFTER BIRTH
CALENDAR METHOD = note for SHORTEST
MINUS 18, LONGEST MINUS 11
STANDARD DAYS METHOD, FERTILE DAYS?
= OK FOR 26-32. FERTILE DAYS 8- 19
POSTPARTUM HEMORRHAGE = loss of more
than 500 cc of blood.
PP HEMORRHAGE WITHIN 24 HRS, Causes =
UTERINE ATONY, BOGGY UTERUS,
LACERATION, UTERINE RUPTURE AND
INVERSION
PP HEMORRHAGE AFTER 24 HRS TO 28 DAYS
= RETAINED PLACENTAL FRAGMENTS and
INFECTION
CALKIN’S SIGN = globular shape of abdomen, 1st
sign of placental separation
COLIC, what to do? = BURP
WEIGHT GAIN DURING PREGNANCY, kg and
lbs? = 10-12 kg , 24-30 lbs
COC contraindications and complications =
SMOKING, HEART PROBLEMS,
THROMBOPHELBITIS (DEEP VEIN
THROMBOSIS)
SPINNBARKEIT (quality of cervical mucus) = DUE TO
ESTROGEN
3 TYPES OF ESTROGEN:
*ESTRADIOL = NON PREGNANT
*ESTRIOL = PREGNANT
*ESTRONE = MENOPAUSE
HEART SHAPE PELVIS? = ANDROID
RITGEN’S MANEUVER. purpose? = to prevent
laceration and to support the perineum
COLPOSCOPY = visualization of the cervix and vagina Most
commonly affected site of cervix in cervical
cancer? = SQUAMO COLUMNAR TISSUE

DIRECT MATERNAL DEATH = DUE TO

PREGNANCY, e.g HYPOVOLEMIC SHOCK
INDIRECT = DEATH DUE TO EXISTING DISEASE, e.g
HEART ATTACK
ACCIDENTAL/INCIDENTAL = e.g VEHICULAR
ACCIDENT, MURDER
MILK after breastfeeding? = HIND MILK, to satisfy
hunger

MILK at the start of BF? = FOREMILK, to satisfy thirst 4

correct attachments of BF: = mouth wide open, lower lip
turned outward, chin touches the breast, more areola above are
visible
ORAL THRUSH = MONILIASIS/CANDIDIASIS.
causative agent: CANDIDA ALBICANS
more LANUGO, short nails, shiny = PREMATURE
lanugo, vernix, long nails = TERM

EARLY DESQUAMATION, MORE VENIX

CASEOSA = POST MATURE
Protrusion of intestines on the scrotal sac? = INGUINAL
HERNIA
Sticky, dark green tar-like stool and sterile? =
MECONIUM
LIGHT YELLOW OR PALE YELLOW STOOL, FIRM,
HARD, ODOROUS STOOL = BOTTLEFED

GOLDEN YELLOW, MUSHY, SOFT = BREASTFED 1 KG

= 2.2 LBS

DIARRHEA = LOW FIBER DIET

CONSTIPATED – HIGH FIBER DIET
BREASTMILK OR EXPRESS MILK stored at room temp
= 6-8 hours
BREASTMILK STORED IN REFRIGERATOR = 24 HRS
BREASTMILK STORED IN A DEEP FREEZER = 1
MONTH
ENGORGEMENT MNGMT? = CONTINUE BF
COMPLETE EMPTYING OF THE BREAST
WHOOPING COUGH? = PERTUSSIS
TRIPLE’S BIRTH WEIGHT? = 12 months/ 1 year
BLOOD IN STOOL: MELENA = DARK RED.
HEMATOCHEZIA = BRIGHT RED STOOL
BLOODY STOOL? = DYSENTERY
SEBORRHEA or CRADLE CAP MNGMT? =
OIL. BATH. KEEP IT CLEAN DRY
FEVER, GIVE PARACETAMOL = 38.5 temp
Position of feeding if CLEFT PALATE =
UPRIGHT POSITION/FOWLER’S POSITION
1ST POSTPARTUM VISIT = 2-3 DAYS AFTER
ND
BIRTH 2 POSTPARTUM VISIT = WITHIN 1
WEEK or
AFTER 1 WEEK
APGAR SCORE, 7- 10? = NORMAL. 4-6 = O2
SUCTIONING. 1-3 = SERIOUS, CPR
CRYPTORCHIDISM = PREMATURE
EPISPADIA = dorsal surface of glans penis
HYPOSPADIA = ventral surface of glans penis.
Surgery: MEATOTOMY
Signs of PREMATURITY? = minimal creases on palms
and soles, pliable ear cartilage, more lanugo
Decreases the respiratory rate = DURING SLEEP
(NORMAL, 30-60 BPM)
PROTEIN DEFICIENT = KWASHIORKOR
CALORIE DEFICIENT = MARASMUS
CANDIDIASIS = vulvar reddening, pruritic/itchy, thick,
white cheese-like, curd-like, fishy smelling
SYPHILIS = a CHANCRE (sugat na di
gumagaling) lesion is not painful
TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS = or SECONDARY UTERINE INERTIA =
STRAWBERRY CERVIX, frothy, greenish vaginal
discharge with a musty malodorous smell
BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS = lower genital tract
infection characterized by the presence of thin,
white, homogenous, fishy-smelling vaginal discharge
and
presence of CLUE CELLS in PAP Smear
HUMAN PAPILLOMA VIRUS/GENITAL WARTS
= Condylomata Acuminata, cauliflower-like lesions
POSTPARTAL PERIOD or PUERPERIUM = 6-
week period after childbirth
PHASES OF PUERPERIUM (REVA RUBIN):
● TAKING-IN PHASE = DEPENDENT
● TAKING-HOLD PHASE = INDEPENDENT
● LETTING-GO PHASE = MOTHER ROLE
DEFINED
UTERINE INVOLUTION = the process whereby
the uterus returns to its pre-pregnant state.
*A uterus decreases in size ONE FINGERBREADTH a
day until it disappears under the pubic bone at about
day 10
LOCHIA = name of vaginal flow after childbirth
● LOCHIA RUBRA (RED) = 1-3 DAYS
● LOCHIA SEROSA (PINK TO BROWN) = 4-
10 DAYS
● LOCHIA ALBA (YELLOWISH WHITE) = 2-
6 WEEKS AFTER THE BIRTH
AFTER PAINS = uncomfortable cramps due to
strong UTERINE CONTRACTIONS (2-3 DAYS)
After pains most common in = MULTIPARA,
TREATED W/ OXYTOCIN, OVERDISTENTION OF
UTERUS, BREASTFEEDING MOTHERS
POSTPARTUM POSITION: FUNDUS
● Immediately after birth between umbilicus and
symphysis pubis, midline
● an hour after level of umbilicus
● 5 days postpartum (5 fingerbreadths below
umbilicus)
● 10 days = non-palpable fundus
POSTPARTUM BLUES – common normal 2-3
days postpartum due to withdrawal of hormone
estrogen
CEPHALOPELVIC DISPROPORTION (CPD) = the
fetal head is larger than the maternal pelvis. suggested by
lack of engagement at the beginning of labor, a
prolonged first stage of labor, and poor fetal descent
PATHOLOGIC RETRACTION RING OR
BANDL’S RING = danger sign that signifies impending
rupture of the lower uterine segment if the obstruction
to
labor is not relieved
DYSTOCIA = difficult labor related to MECHANICAL
FACTOR – due to uterine inertia- sluggishness of
contraction
● HYPERTONIC UTERINE DYSFUNCTION
or PRIMARY UTERINE INERTIA =
PAINFUL, LATENT PHASE. contractions are
too frequent but uncoordinated.
COMPLICATION = fetal distress or death,
maternal exhaustion, uterine rupture. MNGMT =
give sedative valium or DIAZEPAM (muscle
relaxant)
● HYPOTONIC UTERINE DYSFUNCTION
NOT PAINFUL, ACTIVE PHASE. weak and
infrequent contractions. MNGMT = GIVE
OXYTOCIN, Amniotomy, augmentation of
labor, or CS if contracted pelvis is present
MATERNAL MORTALITY = most common cause
is POSTPARTUM HEMORRHAGE
MDG TARGET = reduction of maternal mortality
by 80/100,000 live births (MDG5)\
● 2/3 = reduction of child mortality rate (MDG4)
DIRECT OBSTETRIC DEATHS = deaths resulting
from obstetric complications (pregnancy, labor,
postpartum) interventions, omission, or incorrect
treatment
INDIRECT OBSTETRIC DEATHS = deaths from
previous existing disease or disease developed during
pregnancy, which is not due to direct obstetric deaths but
is aggravated by physiological effects of pregnancy.
THREE DELAYS:
1. 1ST DELAY: DELAY IN DECISION TO
SEEK CARE = low status of women, poor
understanding of complications and risk factors
in pregnancy and of when medical
interventions are needed, previous poor
experience of health care, acceptance of
maternal death, financial
implications
2. 2 ND DELAY: DELAY IN REACHING CARE =
distance to health centers and hospitals,
availability of and cost of transportation, poor
roads, geography (mountainous terrain, rivers)
3. 3RD DELAY: DELAY IN RECEIVING
ADEQUATE HEALTH CARE = poor facilities
and lack of medical supplies, inadequately
trained and poorly motivated medical staff,
inadequate referral systems
CATEGORIES OF MEDICAL ELIGIBILITY
CRITERIA FOR CONTRACEPTIVE USE
● CATEGORY 1 = a condition for which there
is no restriction for the use of the
contraceptive method
● CATEGORY 2 = a condition for which
the advantages of using the method
generally outweigh the theoretical or
proven risks
● CATEGORY 3 = a condition for which the
theoretical or proven risks usually outweigh the
advantages of using the method
● CATEGORY 4 = a condition that represents
an unacceptable health risk if the
contraceptive method is used.
CONTRAINDICATED/RESTRICTED
PILLS PREVENTS OVULATION
PILLS CONTRAINDICATIONS =
THROMBOPHLEBITIS, SMOKING,
HYPERTENSION, HEART DISEASE, STROKE
PILLS SIDE EFFECTS = NAUSEA, WEIGHT
GAIN, HEADACHE, SPOTTING, BREAST
TENDERNESS
DRUGS THAT DECREASES THE
EFFECTIVENESS OF THE COC = tetracycline,
isoniazid, anticoagulant, anticonvulsant
TETRACYCLINE = causes discoloration of the
baby teeth and bones = permanent GREEN teeth
● ifyou forget to take one of the active pills =
take it as soon as you remember and continue
the
following day with your usual schedule
● ifyou missed two consecutive active pills = take
two pills as soon as you remember and two pills
again the following day with your usual
schedule
● ifyou miss three or more pills in a row = throw
out the pills of the pack and start new pack of
pills
IUD T CU 380 = 10 YEARS PROTECTION,
spotting in the use of IUD must be reported
COC = report if headache and migraine is
experienced
DEPO-PROVERA (DMPA) = a single intramuscular
injection of medroxyprogesterone acetated, given
every 3 months, it inhibits ovulation, alters the
endometrium, and changes the cervical mucus.
DEPO-PROVERA contains only
PROGESTERONE, it can be used during
breastfeeding.
DIAPHRAGM = is a circular rubber disk that is
places over the cervix before intercourse, remain in
place for at least 6 HOURS AFTER COITUS
because spermatozoa remain viable in the vagina for
that length of time
VASECTOMY = a small incision or puncture wound
is made on each side of the scrotum. The vas
deferens at that point is the located, cut and tied,
cauterized, or plugged, blocking the passage of
spermatozoa. Spermatozoa that were present in the
vas deferens at the time of surgery can remain
viable for as long as 6 MONTHS. within 1 week use
an
additional birth control until TWO NEGATIVE
SPERM REPORTS have been obtained. Proof that
all sperm in the vas deferens have been eliminated,
usually requiring 20 EJACULATIONS.
LACTATIONAL AMENORRHEA METHOD
(LAM) = AGE (AMENORRHEA,
EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING)
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY:
UTERUS = normal shape (ANTEFLEXED)
normal position (ANTEVERTED)
UTERINE SUPPORT = Broad Ligaments: it
maintains the anatomical position of the ovaries
Round Ligaments = attach uterus to mons pubis
Broad Ligaments = attach uterus to medial aspect
of the ilium
Cardinal Ligaments/Mackenrodt/Transverse
Cervical = main support of the uterus
FALLOPIAN TUBE (OVIDUCTS) = site of
fertilization (AMPULLA), site of tubal
ligation (ISTHMUS), most common site of
Ectopic
Pregnancy (AMPULLA)
DODERLEIN’S BACILLI = the mucus produced by
the vaginal lining has rich in glycogen content.
When this glycogen is broken down by the lactose
-fermenting bacteria that penetrate the vagina
(doderleins bacillus), lactic acid is formed = this
makes the USUAL PH OF THE VAGINA ACID = a
condition detrimental to the growth of pathologic
bacteria, so that even though the vagina connects
directly to the external surface, infection does not
readily occur.
OBSTETRIC CONJUGATE = smallest AP
diameter, pelvis 1 1 cm or more = the most
important AP diameter of the pelvis
TYPES OF PELVIS:
GYNECOID = 50% pelvic brim is a transverse
ellipse (nearly a circle) most favourable for delivery
ANDROID PELVIS = (male type) pelvic brim is
triangular
ANTHROPOID PELVIS = pelvic brim is
an anteroposterior ellipse
PLATYPELLOID PELVIS = (3%) pelvic brim
is transverse kidney shape
PHYSIOLOGICAL TASKS OF PREGNANCY:
● 1 ST TRIMESTER = accepting the pregnancy
● 2 N D TRIMESTER = accepting the baby
● 3RD TRIMESTER = preparing for parenthood
GERM LAYERS
● ECTODERM = sense organs and brain
● ENDODERM = lining of GI and also liver
● MESODERM = uterus, ovaries, blood cells, and
the heart
ORAL GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST (OGTT) =
the glucose challenge test measures your body’s
response to sugar (glucose) 24-28 weeks
PYROSIS: HEARTBURN = is a burning sensation
along the esophagus caused by regurgitation of
gastric contents into the lower esophagus. In
pregnancy, it may accompany early nausea.
PYROSIS = is probably caused by decreased gastric
motility which slows gastric emptying, and pressure
of the expanding uterus pushing up against the
stomach: ALUMINUM HYDROXIDE (amphojel,
alternagel) or a combination of MAGNESIUM
HYDROXIDE (Maalox) may be prescribed for relief
WEIGHT GAIN = total allowable weight gain
during throughout pregnancy is 25-30 lbs or 10-
12 kgs
2,500 KCAL PER DAY for pregnant
BREECH PRESENTATION = FHT right
upper quadrant, FHT above umbilicus
EARLY POSTPARTUM HEMORRHAGE =
bleeding within 1 st 24 hours, boggy or relaxed uterus
and profuse bleeding = uterine atony, lacerations,
uterine rupture

PSEUDOCYESIS = FALSE PREGNANCY LATE POSTPARTUM HEMORRHAGE = bleeding

after 24 hrs – retained placental fragments,
RECTOVAGINAL FISTULA = abnormal endometritis
opening or communication between rectum and
vagina CORD PROLAPSE = trendelenburg/knee chest,
relive pressure on the umbilical cord, apply
BRAXTON HICK’S CONTRACTION = sterile gauze soaked with sterile water
intermittent, painless irregular or false or practice
labor contraction
LORDOSIS = back ache and waddling gait,
abnormal curvature
PLACENTA ACCRETA = deeply implanted,
unusually deep attachment of the placenta to the
uterine myometrium so the placenta will not loosen
and deliver
VASA PREVIA = the umbilical vessels of a
velamentous cord insertion cross the cervical os and
therefore deliver before the fetus
BATTLEDORE PLACENTA = the cord is
inserted marginally rather than centrally
UMBILICAL CORD = AVA
DUCTUS VENOSUS = connects umbilical vein
to inferior vena cava
AMNIOTIC FLUID =
HYDRAMNIOS/POLYHYDRAMNIOS:
ESOPHAGEAL ATRESIA
OLIGIHYDRAMNIOS = KIDNEY/RENAL
AGENESIS
DESCENT = downward movement of the biparietal
diameter of the fetal head within the pelvic inlet

ANTI-RHO(D) GAMMA GLOBULIN

(RHOGAM) = given at 28 weeks and within 72 hrs
after delivery
MOTHER (-) BABY (+) = RH
INCOMPATIBILITY
RUBELLA VACCINE – should not be given to
a pregnant woman
ASYNCLITISM = lateral deflection of the fetal
head resulting in sagittal suture deflected either
anterior or posteriorly
● ANTERIOR ASYNCLITISM = the sagittal
suture approaches the sacral promontory
FACE PRESENTATION: CHIN (MENTUM), LEFT
MENTO ANTERIOR (LMA), LEFT MENTO
POSTERIOR (LMP)

● If the chin is posterior (MENTO-

POSTERIOR) vaginal delivery is impossible
VERTEX PRESENTATION = caused by partial TYPED BY: MARY ANTONNETTE VISDA
extension of the fetal head so that the occiput is
higher than the sinciput ● Credits to the rightful owner hehehe ☺

HYALINE MEMBRANE DISEASE

(RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME)
prevention = using a tocolytic agent such as
TERBUTALINE can help to prevent preterm birth
for a few days because steroids appear to quicken
the formation of lecithin, it may be possible to
prevent RDS in infants