OB POINTERS
PROGESTERONE= thick cervical mucus
OVIDUCTS = commonly affected in PID
ECTOPIC = mass on the left side, knife-like stabbing
pain, radiates to the shoulder, unilateral
CROWNING = perform Ritgen’s Maneuver
1ST MANEUVER= fundal grip
2ND MANEUVER = umbilical grip
3RD MANEUVER = pawlik’s grip ENGAGEMENT!
4TH MANEUVER = fetal attitude CEPHALIC
PROMINENCE
BATTLEDORE = umbilical cord inserted at the EDGE
OF THE PLACENTA
ACCRETA = deeply implanted
SUCCENTURIATA = with accessory lobe
CIRCUMVALLATA = central depression
MCROBERT’S MANEUVER = delivery of
SHOULDER in shoulder dystocia in cephalic delivery
BRANDT ANDREWS MANEUVER = delivery of the
placenta / CREDE’S MANEUVER
MAURICEAU’S MANEUVER = delivery of FETAL
HEAD in breech
OBSTETRIC CONJUGATE = narrowest AP diameter
of the pelvis. The most important measurement in the
pelvis. Measure diagonal conjugate first for u to get OB
conjugate (minus 1.5-2 cm in diagonal conjugate)
TRUE PELVIS = lies below linea terminalis
FALSE PELVIS = lies above linea terminalis to direct
fetus in the true pelvis
HEARTBURN MNGMT = avoid milk, avoid greasy
and fatty foods, magnesium and aluminum hydroxide,
and only small frequent feeding.
HOME-BASED MATERNAL RECORD (HBMR)
PANEL 2 = Danger signs
CONDYLOMATA ACUMINATA/HUMAN
PAPILLOMA VIRUS = cauliflower-like lesions
BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS = presence of CLUE
CELLS under the microscope
CANDIDIASIS/MONILIASIS/YEAST INFECTION
= foul and fishy smelling, cheese-like vaginal discharge
THREATENED ABORTION = closed cervix with
FHT
INEVITABLE ABORTION = open cervix NO FHT
(KUSA)
IMMINENT ABORTION = open cervix NO FHT
(WITH URGE TO BEAR DOWN)
MISSED ABORTION = closed cervix NO FHT
INCOMPLETE = open cervix NO FHT (WITH
RETAINED FRAGMENTS) D&C
COMPLETE = open cervix NO FHT (COMPLETE
RELEASE OF FRAGMENTS)
ENGORGEMENT MNGMT = continue BF and
complete emptying of the breast
DIAPER RASH/ERYTHEMA TOXICUM MNGMT
= keep it clean and dry, water, often change diapers
CATEGORY I = NO contraindication to use
CATEGORY II = benefits/advantages outweigh the risk
CATEGORY III = risk outweighs benefits/advantages
CATEGORY IV = unacceptable/contraindicated
PROLIFERATIVE PHASE = ESTROGEN
OVULATION = HIGH ESTROGEN AND SURGE OF
PROGESTERONE
LUTEAL PHASE = PROGESTERONE
MENSTRUATION = DECREASE ESTROGEN AND
PROGESTERONE
CORTICOSTEROIDS =
betamethasone/dexamethasone given weekly until the
term for the MATURITY OF FETAL LUNGS
Normal Lecithin/Sphingomyelin ratio = 2:1
BARTHOLOMEW’S 3 LANDMARKS = just above the
symphisis pubis (12wks) level of Umbilicus (20 wks)
xiphoid process (36 wks) due to lightening
PARTOGRAPH:
Right of Action Line. What to do? REFER
The central feature is CERVICAL DILATATION
When to start plotting? ACTIVE PHASE, 4cm
LOCHIA for 2 days? RUBRA/RED
LACERATION:
1ST DEGREE = skin
2ND DEGREE = levator ani muscles
3RD DEGREE = anal sphincter
4TH DEGREE = rectal mucosa
Sources of IRON? LIVER, DARK GREEN LEAFY
VEGETABLES
PSEUDOCYESIS =false pregnancy s/sx
AMENORRHEA, NAUSEA, UTERINE GROWTH
PSEUDOMENSTRUATION = blood tinged in
newborn (normal) due to withdrawal of maternal
hormones estrogen
IRREVERSIBLE FP = BTL and VASECTOMY
LONG-TERM REVERSIBLE = IUD
Postpartum FP methods? LAM, IUD, POP, DEPO
PROVERA
3 WEEKS = NON-BF COC
6 WEEKS = BF POP
6 MONTHS = BF COC
3-4 WEEKS = menstruation resume if NON-BF
6 weeks = POSTPARTUM PERIOD
Postpartum Hemorrhage cause? BOGGY UTERUS,
UTERINE ATONY (after childbirth) RETAINED
PLACENTAL FRAGMENTS (after 24 hrs)
PREGNANCY INDUCED HYPERTENSION (PIH):
CONVULSION? ECLAMPSIA. give MgS04 to
prevent convulsion
PRE ECLAMPSIA? EDEMA, PROTEINURIA, HPN
Dark red vaginal bleeding, board-like abdomen, painful
during 7 mos? ABRUPTIO PLACENTA
ORAL GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST (OGTT): for
GESTATIONAL DIABETES test (24-28 weeks)
Thickening of the Endometrium? ESTROGEN
Maintains the thickness of the endometrium?
PROGESTERONE
MUCUS becomes thin? ESTROGEN
MUCUS becomes thick? PROGESTERONE
PRECIPITATE LABOR MNGMT = rapid breathing
do not push. use a brown paper bag
INVOLUTION = UTERINE CONTRACTION
Abdominal pain felt during PP = AFTER PAIN more on
MULTIPARA
Protection of pregnancy at least how many TT? = 2
DOSES OF TETANUS TOXOID
Landmark in STATION? = ISCHIAL SPINE,
NON-PALPABLE DURING IE
MENSTRUATION is due to the withdrawal of
PROGESTERONE that maintains the thickness of
endometrium
FETAL VESSEL. Highly oxygenated blood? =
UMBILICAL VEIN
SECRETORY PHASE = PROGESTERONE
OXYTOCIC OR UTEROTONIC DRUGS =
OXYTOCIN decreases BP and METHERGINE
increases BP
Sago-like discharges? H-MOLE/GESTATIONAL
TROPHOBLASTIC DISEASE. Positive PT but NO
FHT
200,000-300,000 IU maximum of HCG in normal
pregnancy. If millions IU and elevated HCG means
H-MOLE
H-MOLE MNGMT = METHOTREXATE to prevent
CHORIOCARCINOMA. NO PREGNANCY AND
ESTROGEN PILLS FOR 1 YEAR
PID. What category of medical eligibility to IUD? =
CATEGORY IV bc contraindication to a women with
PID
GONORRHEA = purulent discharges, tulo/drip/clap
(asymptomatic to women)
2 most common cause of PID? = CHLAMYDIA and
GONORRHEA
Jagged tears = LACERATION
BMI of 40, interpretation? MORBIDLY OBESE
OLIGOHYDRAMNIOS = caused by KIDNEY
AGENESIS or RENAL AGENESIS
AP diameter of FETAL HEAD:
VERTEX = suboccipitobregmatic (narrowest) 9.5 cm
most common fetal presentation
SINCIPUT (MILITARY) = occipitofrontal (11cm)
forehead
BROW = partial extension, mentum (chin)
FACE = widest AP diameter (13-13.5 cm)
occipitomental. cannot enter the maternal pelvis (poor
flexion)
Cause of constipation during labor? = IMMOBILITY
Oviducts? = FALLOPIAN TUBE
Non-palpable during IE? = ISCHIAL SPINE
IE during bleeding, are midwives allowed? NO NO NO
There is firm uterine contraction but there is bleeding
during the postpartum period. What to suspect? =
LACERATION
Food-borne disease? HEPATITIS A
SYPHILIS causative agent? = TREPONEMA
PALLIDUM
Positive FERN TEST is due to estrogen and PROM
Characteristics of cervix during pregnancy? = SOFT,
GOODELS SIGN
1ST STAGE OF LABOR? = CERVICAL DILATATION
STAGE
2ND STAGE OF LABOR = FETAL DELIVERY STAGE
3RD STAGE OF LABOR = PLACENTAL DELIVERY
STAGE
Partograph. The interval of ALERT and ACTION? = 4
HOURS
BANDL’S RING also known as? = PATHOLOGIC
RETRACTION RING or OBSTRUCTED LABOR or
DYSTOCIA
ENDOMETRIOSIS = pain, infertility
ECTOPIC PREGNANCY = AMPULLA (site of
fertilization) ISTHMUS (dangerous site)
CULLEN SIGN = bluish discoloration on the umbilicus
UNRUPTURED ECTOPIC PREGNANCY MNGMT =
Methotrexate/mifepristone/anti-progesterone/misoprosto
l cytotec
HYPEREMESIS GRAVIDARUM = excessive vomiting
due to abnormal HCG that could lead to
ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE.
HYPEREMESIS GRAVIDARUM MNGMT: = small
frequent feeding, IVF with Vitamin B, keep away emetic
basin out of sight
CORD PROLAPSE mngmt: = TRENDELENBURG or
KNEE CHEST
Closed cervix, mild uterine contraction with slight
vaginal bleeding? = THREATENED ABORTION
METHERGINE, what action? = sustained uterine
contraction, best given AFTER placental expulsion.
INCREASE BP
OXYTOCIN, what action? sustain uterine contraction,
best given BEFORE placental expulsion. DECREASE
BP
Thickening of the endometrium in non-pregnant? =
ESTROGEN
Thickening of the endometrium during pregnancy? =
PROGESTERONE
Causes of JAUNDICE in breastfeeding =
PREGNANEDIOL
HEMORRHOIDS, what to do? = SITZ BATH 40-42C
(20 mins)
ORTHOPNEIC POSITION = able to breath on sitting
position commonly seen for ASTHMA. (45-70)
Anterior of Vagina? = URINARY BLADDER
Posterior of Vagina? = CUL DE SAC
HIV, infected area? = VULVA
Mucus that pass through vagina? = ENDOCERVICAL
MUCUS
Characteristics of cervix during pregnancy? = SOFT
(GOODELL SIGN)
Birth Spacing? = 3-5 YEARS
Fetal head descent? = BELOW PELVIC BRIM
KEGELS EXERCISE = PUBOCOCCYGEUS
MUSCLE
RIGHT OCCIPUT POSTERIOR = BACK LABOR
Partograph. Passes alert line. what to do? = PERFORM
ALERT
Passes action line. what to do? REFER
Active Management of the Third Stage of Labor
(AMTSL) MNGMT? = oxy after delivery of the baby,
CONTROLLED CORD TRACTION, UTERINE
MASSAGE
ADNEXAL MASS = ECTOPIC, STABBING
KNIFE-LIKE
BOARD-LIKE HARD = ABRUPTIO PLACENTA
fetal circulation. Right atrium to left atrium? =
FORAMEN OVALE
AMENORRHEA = PRESUMPTIVE SIGN
DEPO PROVERA (DMPA) = 3 MONTHS
IUD = T-COPPER 380 (10 YEARS) inserted DURING
MENSTRUATION, IMMEDIATELY AFTER BIRTH
CALENDAR METHOD = note for SHORTEST MINUS
18, LONGEST MINUS 11
STANDARD DAYS METHOD, FERTILE DAYS? =
OK FOR 26-32. FERTILE DAYS 8-19
POSTPARTUM HEMORRHAGE = loss of more than
500 cc of blood.
PP HEMORRHAGE WITHIN 24 HRS, Causes =
UTERINE ATONY, BOGGY UTERUS,
LACERATION, UTERINE RUPTURE AND
INVERSION
PP HEMORRHAGE AFTER 24 HRS TO 28 DAYS =
RETAINED PLACENTAL FRAGMENTS and
INFECTION
CALKIN’S SIGN = globular shape of abdomen, 1st sign
of placental separation
COLIC, what to do? = BURP
WEIGHT GAIN DURING PREGNANCY, kg and lbs?
= 10-12 kg , 24-30 lbs
COC contraindications and complications = SMOKING,
HEART PROBLEMS, THROMBOPHELBITIS (DEEP
VEIN THROMBOSIS)
TETRACYCLINE = causing teeth stain. DECREASES
EFFICACY OF PILLS
SPINNBARKEIT (quality of cervical mucus) = DUE
TO ESTROGEN
3 TYPES OF ESTROGEN:
*ESTRADIOL = NON PREGNANT
*ESTRIOL = PREGNANT
*ESTRONE = MENOPAUSE
HEART SHAPE PELVIS? = ANDROID
RITGEN’S MANEUVER. purpose? = to prevent
laceration and to support the perineum
COLPOSCOPY = visualization of the cervix and vagina
Most commonly affected site of cervix in cervical
cancer? = SQUAMO COLUMNAR TISSUE
DIRECT MATERNAL DEATH = DUE TO
PREGNANCY, e.g HYPOVOLEMIC SHOCK
INDIRECT = DEATH DUE TO EXISTING DISEASE,
e.g HEART ATTACK
ACCIDENTAL/INCIDENTAL = e.g VEHICULAR
ACCIDENT, MURDER
MILK after breastfeeding? = HIND MILK, to satisfy
hunger
MILK at the start of BF? = FOREMILK, to satisfy thirst
4 correct attachments of BF: = mouth wide open, lower
lip turned outward, chin touches the breast, more areola
above are visible
ORAL THRUSH = MONILIASIS/CANDIDIASIS.
causative agent: CANDIDA ALBICANS
more LANUGO, short nails, shiny = PREMATURE
lanugo, vernix, long nails = TERM
EARLY DESQUAMATION, MORE VENIX
CASEOSA = POST MATURE
Protrusion of intestines on the scrotal sac? = INGUINAL
HERNIA
Sticky, dark green tar-like stool and sterile? =
MECONIUM
LIGHT YELLOW OR PALE YELLOW STOOL, FIRM,
HARD, ODOROUS STOOL = BOTTLEFED
GOLDEN YELLOW, MUSHY, SOFT = BREASTFED
1 KG = 2.2 LBS
DIARRHEA = LOW FIBER DIET
CONSTIPATED – HIGH FIBER DIET
BREASTMILK OR EXPRESS MILK stored at room
temp = 6-8 hours
BREASTMILK STORED IN REFRIGERATOR = 24
HRS
BREASTMILK STORED IN A DEEP FREEZER = 1
MONTH
ENGORGEMENT MNGMT? = CONTINUE BF,
COMPLETE EMPTYING OF THE BREAST
WHOOPING COUGH? = PERTUSSIS
TRIPLE’S BIRTH WEIGHT? = 12 months/1 year
BLOOD IN STOOL: MELENA = DARK RED.
HEMATOCHEZIA = BRIGHT RED STOOL
BLOODY STOOL? = DYSENTERY
SEBORRHEA or CRADLE CAP MNGMT? = OIL.
BATH. KEEP IT CLEAN DRY
FEVER, GIVE PARACETAMOL = 38.5 temp
Position of feeding if CLEFT PALATE = UPRIGHT
POSITION/FOWLER’S POSITION
1ST POSTPARTUM VISIT = 2-3 DAYS AFTER BIRTH
2ND POSTPARTUM VISIT = WITHIN 1 WEEK or
AFTER 1 WEEK
APGAR SCORE, 7-10? = NORMAL. 4-6 = O2
SUCTIONING. 1-3 = SERIOUS, CPR
CRYPTORCHIDISM = PREMATURE
EPISPADIA = dorsal surface of glans penis
HYPOSPADIA = ventral surface of glans penis.
Surgery: MEATOTOMY
Signs of PREMATURITY? = minimal creases on palms
and soles, pliable ear cartilage, more lanugo
Decreases the respiratory rate = DURING SLEEP
(NORMAL, 30-60 BPM)
PROTEIN DEFICIENT = KWASHIORKOR
CALORIE DEFICIENT = MARASMUS
CANDIDIASIS = vulvar reddening, pruritic/itchy, thick,
white cheese-like, curd-like, fishy smelling
SYPHILIS = a CHANCRE (sugat na di gumagaling)
lesion is not painful
TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS = STRAWBERRY
CERVIX, frothy, greenish vaginal discharge with a
musty malodorous smell
BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS = lower genital tract
infection characterized by the presence of thin, white,
homogenous, fishy-smelling vaginal discharge and
presence of CLUE CELLS in PAP Smear
HUMAN PAPILLOMA VIRUS/GENITAL WARTS =
Condylomata Acuminata, cauliflower-like lesions
POSTPARTAL PERIOD or PUERPERIUM = 6-week
period after childbirth
PHASES OF PUERPERIUM (REVA RUBIN):
● TAKING-IN PHASE = DEPENDENT
● TAKING-HOLD PHASE = INDEPENDENT
● LETTING-GO PHASE = MOTHER ROLE
DEFINED
UTERINE INVOLUTION = the process whereby the
uterus returns to its pre-pregnant state.
*A uterus decreases in size ONE FINGERBREADTH a
day until it disappears under the pubic bone at about day
10
LOCHIA = name of vaginal flow after childbirth
● LOCHIA RUBRA (RED) = 1-3 DAYS
● LOCHIA SEROSA (PINK TO BROWN) = 4-10
DAYS
● LOCHIA ALBA (YELLOWISH WHITE) = 2-6
WEEKS AFTER THE BIRTH
AFTER PAINS = uncomfortable cramps due to strong
UTERINE CONTRACTIONS (2-3 DAYS)
After pains most common in = MULTIPARA,
TREATED W/ OXYTOCIN, OVERDISTENTION OF
UTERUS, BREASTFEEDING MOTHERS
POSTPARTUM POSITION: FUNDUS
● Immediately after birth between umbilicus and
symphysis pubis, midline
● an hour after level of umbilicus
● 5 days postpartum (5 fingerbreadths below
umbilicus)
● 10 days = non-palpable fundus
POSTPARTUM BLUES – common normal 2-3 days
postpartum due to withdrawal of hormone estrogen
CEPHALOPELVIC DISPROPORTION (CPD) = the
fetal head is larger than the maternal pelvis. suggested by
lack of engagement at the beginning of labor, a
prolonged first stage of labor, and poor fetal descent
PATHOLOGIC RETRACTION RING OR
BANDL’S RING = danger sign that signifies impending
rupture of the lower uterine segment if the obstruction to
labor is not relieved
DYSTOCIA = difficult labor related to MECHANICAL
FACTOR – due to uterine inertia- sluggishness of
contraction
● HYPERTONIC UTERINE DYSFUNCTION
or PRIMARY UTERINE INERTIA =
PAINFUL, LATENT PHASE. contractions are
too frequent but uncoordinated.
COMPLICATION = fetal distress or death,
maternal exhaustion, uterine rupture. MNGMT =
give sedative valium or DIAZEPAM (muscle
relaxant)
● HYPOTONIC UTERINE DYSFUNCTION
or SECONDARY UTERINE INERTIA =
NOT PAINFUL, ACTIVE PHASE. weak and
infrequent contractions. MNGMT = GIVE
OXYTOCIN, Amniotomy, augmentation of
labor, or CS if contracted pelvis is present
MATERNAL MORTALITY = most common cause is
POSTPARTUM HEMORRHAGE
MDG TARGET = reduction of maternal mortality by
80/100,000 live births (MDG5)\
● 2/3 = reduction of child mortality rate (MDG4)
DIRECT OBSTETRIC DEATHS = deaths resulting
from obstetric complications (pregnancy, labor,
postpartum) interventions, omission, or incorrect
treatment
INDIRECT OBSTETRIC DEATHS = deaths from
previous existing disease or disease developed during
pregnancy, which is not due to direct obstetric deaths but
is aggravated by physiological effects of pregnancy.
THREE DELAYS:
1. 1ST DELAY: DELAY IN DECISION TO SEEK
CARE = low status of women, poor
understanding of complications and risk factors
in pregnancy and of when medical interventions
are needed, previous poor experience of health
care, acceptance of maternal death, financial
implications
2. 2ND DELAY: DELAY IN REACHING CARE =
distance to health centers and hospitals,
availability of and cost of transportation, poor
roads, geography (mountainous terrain, rivers)
3. 3RD DELAY: DELAY IN RECEIVING
ADEQUATE HEALTH CARE = poor facilities
and lack of medical supplies, inadequately
trained and poorly motivated medical staff,
inadequate referral systems
CATEGORIES OF MEDICAL ELIGIBILITY
CRITERIA FOR CONTRACEPTIVE USE
● CATEGORY 1 = a condition for which there is
no restriction for the use of the contraceptive
method
● CATEGORY 2 = a condition for which the
advantages of using the method generally
outweigh the theoretical or proven risks
● CATEGORY 3 = a condition for which the
theoretical or proven risks usually outweigh the
advantages of using the method
● CATEGORY 4 = a condition that represents an
unacceptable health risk if the contraceptive
method is used.
CONTRAINDICATED/RESTRICTED
PILLS PREVENTS OVULATION
PILLS CONTRAINDICATIONS =
THROMBOPHLEBITIS, SMOKING,
HYPERTENSION, HEART DISEASE, STROKE
PILLS SIDE EFFECTS = NAUSEA, WEIGHT
GAIN, HEADACHE, SPOTTING, BREAST
TENDERNESS
DRUGS THAT DECREASES THE
EFFECTIVENESS OF THE COC = tetracycline,
isoniazid, anticoagulant, anticonvulsant
TETRACYCLINE = causes discoloration of the
baby teeth and bones = permanent GREEN teeth
● if you forget to take one of the active pills = take
it as soon as you remember and continue the
following day with your usual schedule
● if you missed two consecutive active pills = take
two pills as soon as you remember and two pills
again the following day with your usual
schedule
● if you miss three or more pills in a row = throw
out the pills of the pack and start new pack of
pills
IUD T CU 380 = 10 YEARS PROTECTION,
spotting in the use of IUD must be reported
COC = report if headache and migraine is
experienced
DEPO-PROVERA (DMPA) = a single intramuscular
injection of medroxyprogesterone acetated, given
every 3 months, it inhibits ovulation, alters the
endometrium, and changes the cervical mucus.
DEPO-PROVERA contains only
PROGESTERONE, it can be used during
breastfeeding.
DIAPHRAGM = is a circular rubber disk that is
places over the cervix before intercourse, remain in
place for at least 6 HOURS AFTER COITUS
because spermatozoa remain viable in the vagina for
that length of time
VASECTOMY = a small incision or puncture wound
is made on each side of the scrotum. The vas
deferens at that point is the located, cut and tied,
cauterized, or plugged, blocking the passage of
spermatozoa. Spermatozoa that were present in the
vas deferens at the time of surgery can remain viable
for as long as 6 MONTHS. within 1 week use an
additional birth control until TWO NEGATIVE
SPERM REPORTS have been obtained. Proof that
all sperm in the vas deferens have been eliminated,
usually requiring 20 EJACULATIONS.
LACTATIONAL AMENORRHEA METHOD
(LAM) = AGE (AMENORRHEA, EXCLUSIVE
BREASTFEEDING)
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY:
UTERUS = normal shape (ANTEFLEXED) normal
position (ANTEVERTED)
UTERINE SUPPORT = Broad Ligaments: it
maintains the anatomical position of the ovaries
Round Ligaments = attach uterus to mons pubis
Broad Ligaments = attach uterus to medial aspect of
the ilium
Cardinal Ligaments/Mackenrodt/Transverse
Cervical = main support of the uterus
FALLOPIAN TUBE (OVIDUCTS) = site of
fertilization (AMPULLA), site of tubal ligation
(ISTHMUS), most common site of Ectopic
Pregnancy (AMPULLA)
DODERLEIN’S BACILLI = the mucus produced by
the vaginal lining has rich in glycogen content.
When this glycogen is broken down by the lactose
-fermenting bacteria that penetrate the vagina
(doderleins bacillus), lactic acid is formed = this
makes the USUAL PH OF THE VAGINA ACID = a
condition detrimental to the growth of pathologic
bacteria, so that even though the vagina connects
directly to the external surface, infection does not
readily occur.
OBSTETRIC CONJUGATE = smallest AP
diameter, pelvis 11 cm or more = the most important
AP diameter of the pelvis
TYPES OF PELVIS:
GYNECOID = 50% pelvic brim is a transverse
ellipse (nearly a circle) most favourable for delivery
ANDROID PELVIS = (male type) pelvic brim is
triangular
ANTHROPOID PELVIS = pelvic brim is an
anteroposterior ellipse
PLATYPELLOID PELVIS = (3%) pelvic brim is
transverse kidney shape
PHYSIOLOGICAL TASKS OF PREGNANCY:
● 1ST TRIMESTER = accepting the pregnancy
● 2ND TRIMESTER = accepting the baby
● 3RD TRIMESTER = preparing for parenthood
GERM LAYERS
● ECTODERM = sense organs and brain
● ENDODERM = lining of GI and also liver
● MESODERM = uterus, ovaries, blood cells, and
the heart
ORAL GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST (OGTT) =
the glucose challenge test measures your body’s
response to sugar (glucose) 24-28 weeks
PYROSIS: HEARTBURN = is a burning sensation
along the esophagus caused by regurgitation of
gastric contents into the lower esophagus. In
pregnancy, it may accompany early nausea.
PYROSIS = is probably caused by decreased gastric
motility which slows gastric emptying, and pressure
of the expanding uterus pushing up against the
stomach: ALUMINUM HYDROXIDE (amphojel,
alternagel) or a combination of MAGNESIUM BREECH PRESENTATION = FHT right upper
HYDROXIDE (Maalox) may be prescribed for relief quadrant, FHT above umbilicus
WEIGHT GAIN = total allowable weight gain EARLY POSTPARTUM HEMORRHAGE =
during throughout pregnancy is 25-30 lbs or 10-12 bleeding within 1st 24 hours, boggy or relaxed uterus
kgs and profuse bleeding = uterine atony, lacerations,
uterine rupture
2,500 KCAL PER DAY for pregnant
LATE POSTPARTUM HEMORRHAGE = bleeding
PSEUDOCYESIS = FALSE PREGNANCY after 24 hrs – retained placental fragments,
RECTOVAGINAL FISTULA = abnormal opening endometritis
or communication between rectum and vagina CORD PROLAPSE = trendelenburg/knee chest,
BRAXTON HICK’S CONTRACTION = relive pressure on the umbilical cord, apply sterile
intermittent, painless irregular or false or practice gauze soaked with sterile water
labor contraction
LORDOSIS = back ache and waddling gait,
abnormal curvature
PLACENTA ACCRETA = deeply implanted,
unusually deep attachment of the placenta to the
uterine myometrium so the placenta will not loosen
and deliver
VASA PREVIA = the umbilical vessels of a
velamentous cord insertion cross the cervical os and
therefore deliver before the fetus
BATTLEDORE PLACENTA = the cord is inserted
marginally rather than centrally
UMBILICAL CORD = AVA
DUCTUS VENOSUS = connects umbilical vein to
inferior vena cava
AMNIOTIC FLUID =
HYDRAMNIOS/POLYHYDRAMNIOS:
ESOPHAGEAL ATRESIA
OLIGIHYDRAMNIOS = KIDNEY/RENAL
AGENESIS
DESCENT = downward movement of the biparietal
diameter of the fetal head within the pelvic inlet
ANTI-RHO(D) GAMMA GLOBULIN (RHOGAM)
= given at 28 weeks and within 72 hrs after delivery
MOTHER (-) BABY (+) = RH
INCOMPATIBILITY
RUBELLA VACCINE – should not be given to a
pregnant woman
ASYNCLITISM = lateral deflection of the fetal head
resulting in sagittal suture deflected either anterior or
posteriorly
● ANTERIOR ASYNCLITISM = the sagittal
suture approaches the sacral promontory
FACE PRESENTATION: CHIN (MENTUM), LEFT
MENTO ANTERIOR (LMA), LEFT MENTO
POSTERIOR (LMP)
● If the chin is posterior (MENTO-POSTERIOR)
vaginal delivery is impossible
VERTEX PRESENTATION = caused by partial
extension of the fetal head so that the occiput is
higher than the sinciput TYPED BY: MARY ANTONNETTE VISDA
HYALINE MEMBRANE DISEASE ● Credits to the rightful owner hehehe ☺
(RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME)
prevention = using a tocolytic agent such as
TERBUTALINE can help to prevent preterm birth
for a few days because steroids appear to quicken
the formation of lecithin, it may be possible to
prevent RDS in infants