Arkusz maturalny nr 1 w formule 2023

Język angielski
Poziom rozszerzony

TRANSKRYPCJA NAGRAŃ

ZADANIE 1.

One
DIY renovation shows have always enjoyed great popularity in Britain, where redecorating
the home is a common weekend pastime. More recently, however, home DIY turned into a
national obsession due to the amount of time spent at home through the pandemic.
Consequently, television DIY shows became even more popular as viewers sought ideas
and inspiration. Some shows give practical tips on how to do certain jobs yourself, like
repainting outdated furniture to give it a modern ‘pop’! The most-watched show, however,
was Escape to the Chateau, where a British couple on a limited budget completely
transformed a dilapidated nineteenth-century French castle. While the vast majority of
viewers would never renovate such a grand home, the show was great escapist fun in dark
times.

Two
My friends and I were sharing a house while we were at university. Without informing us, the
landlord decided to sell the property. We were given exactly one week to find new
accommodation, pack up our belongings and move out. We consulted a lawyer who said
that while it was unfortunate, it was not illegal to be asked to leave at such short notice. The
law states that if the tenant or a visitor causes serious damage to a property, they must
vacate it immediately. The landlord claimed we had broken the railings on the internal
staircase, making the home unsafe. What a joke! The railings were insecure and practically
falling apart when we moved in. He had completely ignored our repeated requests to secure
them, and now was using it as an excuse to evict us. We were furious until we found a better
house at a much lower rent! It couldn’t have worked out better than it did!

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Three
Man: Millions of people use short-term rentals when travelling, but is this a good
thing? With me today is Kelly Martens, spokesperson for a housing
organisation. Kelly, what is your group hoping to achieve?
Woman: The aim is to protect affordable housing. This has become increasingly
difficult with the arrival of short-stay rentals for tourists. Rather than stay in
hotels, travellers are opting for private residences that feel like a home away
from home. That’s fine if they’re renting a room from a resident – there’s a
little extra income for the household and it’s more affordable than hotels for
the tourist. The problems begin when entire homes become full-time holiday
apartments rather than homes for locals. In one part of Manhattan, landlords
of short-stay rentals earned two to three times the average long-term rent.
Man: That’s a lot of money! Have short-stay rentals led to a housing shortage?
Woman: The situation has certainly made an existing problem worse. Locals can’t find
homes and are moving further away. Or they stay but pay more rent, because
that’s a consequence of short-stay rentals too. Where there are fewer homes
to rent, the available options are priced higher. In one part of Barcelona,
short-stay letting has been a major factor in long-term rents increasing by up
to fifty percent. To deal with the problem, some cities are making it less
profitable for short stay landlords. In Amsterdam, for example, entire home
rentals are limited to thirty days a year. Paris authorities have made it
compulsory for owners to pay tax on tourist rental income. Barcelona has
stopped giving new licences, and without them short-term rentals are illegal.
Man: Are there no benefits at all for communities?
Woman: Practically none for locals. There’s great concern about the changing
character of neighbourhoods. In the historic centre of Athens, vital businesses
such as the greengrocer’s, the butcher’s and the baker’s are being replaced
by juice bars, frozen yoghurt shops and vegan cafés, forcing residents to
shop further from home. Also, the sense of community has been destroyed
because when local people are forced out, those who remain have fewer
friends in the neighbourhood.
Man: And the last question. Would ending all short-stay accommodation be the
solution?
Woman: That’s a bit extreme. We just need stricter regulations. Personally, I think it
should be illegal for an entire home to be used full-time for short stays, but
renting out one room in your home while you’re living there is OK. This also
allows tourists to meet locals and have a more authentic experience. For
homeowners, it allows them to meet people from different parts of the world
and to exchange views. Renting out your home while you’re on holiday is also
acceptable as it doesn’t create problems in the housing market. In any case,
something needs to be done to protect housing – it isn’t a luxury, it’s a
necessity!

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ZADANIE 2.

One
I started off at the supermarket by filling shelves at night and now I’m a cashier. The
company encourages staff to provide feedback and then makes improvements. The training
is good too and it prepares you for what to expect. In terms of hours, you can get the shifts
you want if you ask for them. This is great for university students like me who need to be
flexible due to exams. There are staff discounts, which is an added bonus for poor university
students trying to make ends meet!

Two
I had no experience in the fast-food industry when I got my job as a kitchen help, but I’ve
learned on the job. The team is mostly high school and university students, which is my age
group. Through work, I’ve met new people who I socialise with. There are some challenges
though. At the weekends, it’s really busy and the workload is too much. Sometimes I’m alone
or I have minimal help because a crew member is sick, and I struggle to prepare the
customers’ orders. It's worse for the line managers, though – they’re always under pressure.

Three
I’ve been a sales assistant in the shoe department of the same store for four years.
Personally, I have found the company to be very understanding about the work-life balance,
and management are supportive and considerate if you need time off. The company has a
strong focus on maintaining a safe workplace, too, so for example, I’m not asked to lift heavy
items. Staff receive bonuses on their sales, so that’s a good reason to work hard. The only
downside is that I’m on my feet a lot, but as I only work part-time, it’s not too bad.

Four
The only job I could find after high school was at a call centre. I’ve gained valuable
experience in the two years I’ve been here, but no matter how hard I try, I can’t get ahead.
I’m only employed as a temp, despite performing my duties well and making lots of sales.
Also, there are no perks or fringe benefits for temporary staff, which I think is unfair. Because
I need job security and the financial stability of a full-time job, I’m going to find another
position. I don’t need a dead-end job with no career prospects!

Five
The best thing about working as a customer service representative for this particular bank is
that staff are given one day off every fortnight. However, that doesn’t make up for all the
negatives. Staff come and go, which is clearly a sign of low job satisfaction. I’m often asked
to deal with customers during my lunch break or to cover for colleagues. Everyone is doing
multiple roles at once. Customers are another difficulty. Most are pleasant, but some
become quite angry if they have to wait too long in line before being served. I’ll be so
relieved when I give notice!

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ZADANIE 3.

Man: Diana Baker helps people to research their ancestors. She’s here to talk to us
about names, and what they can tell us about our past.
Woman: Thank you. All surnames have a history and they can show us where our
ancestors were from, what work they did, or something distinctive about their
appearance.
Man: OK, let’s go back to the beginning – when did we start using surnames and
why?
Woman: Over three thousand years ago in China, people began using family names
so that the government could accurately measure the size of the population.
In Europe last names didn't become common until much later, at least the
Middle Ages. The fact is, most people lived in small villages and knew who
everyone was. They could identify each other by their first names, and if
further clarification was required, they would add an identifying description
such as ‘the butcher’, or a distinguishing feature, for example ‘with the long
beard’. Over time, these became surnames. Also, as people began to travel
further and further away from their small close communities, the use of
surnames became necessary.
Man: What are the origins of European surnames?
Woman: There are many sources. Patronymic surnames were passed down from the
father's name. In English, these were often formed with the ending ‘-son.’ For
example, the surname ‘Williamson’ is literally translated as ‘son of William’.
Many Italian surnames were based on a person’s appearance or personality.
For example, the last name ‘Bianchi’ described someone with white hair or a
pale face; ‘Gentile’ described someone who was kind. Other surnames come
from occupations. The most common English surname of all, Smith, indicates
that an ancestor worked as a blacksmith making and repairing things in metal.
The Italian version is Ferrari, like the famous carmaker. European last names
travelled around the world. Today, many Americans, Australians and
Canadians can trace their surnames all the way back to places and ancestors
in Europe. Some names, however, have been lost.
Man: How did that happen?
Woman: Well, one way was by anglicising them. Immigrants chose to shorten their
surnames and make them sound more English, particularly in the United
States. So for example, Mr Lewandowski from Poland became Mr Lewis in
the US. First names were also affected. At the beginning of the twentieth
century, immigrants’ children who had distinctly ethnic-sounding names
earned less money than those with ‘American’ names. So, in order to be
considered ‘American’, Marcus became Mark, Piotr became Peter, Anastasia
became Stacey, Yelena became Ellen, and so on.
Man: I see. What can you tell me about my name …