Unit 5 Overview

Sunday, September 13, 2020 7:26 AM

Unit 5 (HL): Human Development & Diversity

Geographic inquiry Geographic knowledge and understanding
1. Development UN SDG's: GINI coefficient
opportunities Ability to lead a long, healthy life, acquire knowledge + have decent standard of life Extent which distribution of income deviates from
Ways of supporting the The multidimensional process of human development and ways to measure it: Political health can also be important factor in development perfect distribution, lower is better
processes of human • UN Sustainable Development Goals criteria A/A+B
development. • validity and reliability of development indicators and indices, including the human HDI - human development index
development index (HDI) and gender inequality index (GII) Used worldwide
• empowering women and indigenous or minority groups Measures economic and social development (health, education)
• Detailed illustrative examples of affirmative action to close the development gap Measures country's status in terms of social - economic development
But:
The importance of social entrepreneurship approaches for human development: Reflects long term changes
• the work of microfinance organizations and their networks Doesn't measure gender equality, wealth distribution
• alternative trading networks such as “Fairtrade” No standard of education measured i.e. primary, secondary, etc.
• TNC corporate social responsibility frameworks and global agreements Not consistent on yearly basis for all countries

Synthesis, evaluation and skills opportunities GII - gender inequality index

How actions to support human development involve spatial interactions from local to Includes health, literacy, secondary and higher education attainment, women's participation in
global scales workforce
Non-economic aspects of gender as well
2. Changing identities Identifies specific areas for intervention
and cultures But:
How global interactions The global spectrum of cultural traits, ethnicities and identities, and ways in which the Does not capture violence against women and girls
bring cultural influences spectrum of diversity is widening or narrowing at different scales May be biased towards certain cultural norms, e.g. participation in workforce
and changes to places. The effects of global interactions on cultural diversity in different places: This data isn't available in all countries
• the diffusion of cultural traits, and cultural imperialism
• glocalization of branded commodities, and cultural hybridity
• cultural landscape changes in the built environment
Diffusion of cultural traits and cultural imperialism
Cultural imperialism - promoting cultural values or language to another nation
How diasporas influence cultural diversity and identity at both global and local scales
E.g. Mcdonaldisation, western clothing in Dubai and Ghana, China censorship, US in Afghanistan trying
• Case study of a global diaspora population and its cultures(s)
to impose ideals through their occupation, TV shows and English music, IMF debt relief putting their
own western rules in (as run by western countries)
Synthesis, evaluation and skills opportunities
ADVANTAGES OF CULTURAL IMPERIALISM
Differing evidence and perspectives on how diversity is changing at local, national and
• There may be a greater variety of commodities available
global scales
• It may mean new technologies are introduced
3. Local responses to • Language skills may increase
global interactions • Economic development may take place as trade increases between two locations
The varying power of Local and civil society resistance to global interactions: DISADVANTAGES OF CULTURAL IMPERIALISM
local places and actors to • rejection of globalized production, including campaigns against TNCs and in favour of local • Places around the World become increasingly homogenised (the same)
resist or accept change. sourcing of food and goods by citizens • Local cultures are lost or diluted (language, dress, food, music, etc.)
• rise of anti-immigration movements • Local businesses maybe forced out of business they can't compete with large international TNCs
• Economic and political exploitation e.g. resources may be stripped
Geopolitical constraints on global interactions:
• government and militia controls on personal freedoms to participate in global interactions Glocalisation and Cultural Hybridity
• national trade restrictions, including protectionism and resource nationalism Glocalisation - adaptation of global product to local market
Mcdonalds and Starbucks menu
Clothing brands advertising in Middle East, more modest clothing Global diaspora - India
The role of civil society in promoting international-mindedness and participating in global
Quick fast food in France - halal food 25 million Indians living abroad
interactions, including social media use and campaigning for internet freedom
Disneyland Shanghai - incorporating Chinese culture, Chinese food, changing usual layout Indian culture in UK - national dish is Chicken tikka masala
• Two detailed examples of places where restricted freedoms have been challenged
Indian food has become very popular among westerners
Cultural hybridity - balancing values and customs of two or more cultures Diwali celebrated in other countries e.g. UAE, UK, Singapore, Fiji
Synthesis, evaluation and skills opportunities
Kuala Lumpur - Malays, Chinese, Indian - associated places of worship for each Little India in Singapore
How acceptance of, or resistance to, global interactions takes different forms and occurs at
different scales Celebrating festivities of those cultures, Diwali, Chinese New Year
Fusing language, Chinese/Indian slang words in their language India becoming soft power, religion and culture spreading (Indian restaurants everywhere)
Fusion of media, Bollywood getting popular Rishi Sunak, PM of UK
Bollywood reaching amazon prime, Netflix to cater Indian customers
UAE - 90% expat, mostly Desi people Indian spiritualism being adopted by Westerners guru's using it in their sales
Rejection of globalised production
Availability of pork, alcohol
People oppose TNC's having lots of power over public, low wages, less taxation, bad working conditions,
Clothing of different cultures used, desi, emirati, western
ignoring safety
Local sports, falconry, horse riding but also F1, Cricket
Against war - against politicians supporting war
Cultural landscape changes in built environment
Favour local food sourcing
Agro-industry - farming techniques same
In Vietnam: Mcdonalds and burger king
Transportation - using flow chart looking grid
Competition with local street vendors who provide da food faster
Tourist destinations - malls, hotels, same brands
Local food is way cheaper - and they spend a lot of their income on food
Way more choice with the sheer amount of local vendors
Fast food chains provide the same portions for the price
Fast food chains don’t sell food that matches the people’s diet
Political reasons - Vietnam and US had cut ties for a long time
People eat as families and share the dishes, but isn’t possible with the dishes that fast food chains sell

Dunkin donuts in India:

Closed hella stores in 2018
Doesn’t fit the culture, because they sit and eat down with da fam
Indians pretty much always prefer to eat their own food - don’t particularly like doughnuts
Lots of poverty/lower middle class - so they view dunkins as a luxurious desert, hence why they don’t
eat it often. Their diet doesn’t revolve around sugary foods anyways

Anti-immigration movements
Denmark - Rasmus Paludan
Danish far right political party Stram Kurs
Found in 2017 focused on anti-Islam
Deport all Muslims and non-whites. Only white and non-muslim people are allowed to visit and live
there
Tries to provoke Muslims by burning the Qur'an and talking bad about the religion, goes to public spaces
with high Muslim populations to do this. Trying to prove that they are violent