Question Bank

Sub – Economics (030)

CBSE (Session: 2022-23)
Sub – Economics (030)
Class – XI – Commerce
Typology of Question – Short and Long Answer Type
Short Answer Type (SAT Q)
Long Answer Type (LAT Q)
(Prepared by Amit Chatterjee) (PGT Commerce and Economics)
Examiner of CBSE
Educational qualification: B.Com Hons. (CU), M.Com, M. Phil (Commerce), M.A Economics
and B. Ed (BU)

Contents
Introductory Microeconomics
Part - A

UNIT 1: Introduction
1. Introduction to Economics
UNIT 2: Consumer’s Equilibrium and Demand
2. Consumer’s Equilibrium
3. Demand
4. Elasticity of Demand

UNIT 3: Producer Behaviour and Supply

5. Production Function
6. Cost
7. Revenue
8. Producer’s Equilibrium
9. Supply and Elasticity of Supply

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UNIT 4: Forms of Market and Price Determination under Perfect Competition with Simple
Applications
10. Forms of Market
11. Determination of Market Equilibrium and Effects of Shifts in Demand and Supply Curves
12. Simple Applications of Demand and Supply

Chapter 1: Introduction to Economics

Short Answer Type Questions: 3-4 Marks

1. Define the term economics.
2. What is opportunity cost? Give examples.
3. Define the term production possibility curve.
4. Define micro and macroeconomics with the help of suitable examples.
5. Define the term economy. Mention two types of economy.
6. What does of production possibility curve show?
7. Explain the central problem of
(A) How to produce? (B) Whom to produce? (C) What to produce?
8. Why is a production possibility curve concave?
9. Distinguish between micro and macroeconomics on any four POD.
10. Explain the meaning of opportunity cost with the help of production possibility schedule.
11. Identify which of the following are the subject matter of micro and macroeconomics.
(A) National income (B) Supply by a firm (C) Cotton textile (D) Government Budget (E) Price determination
of a commodity (F) Employment
12. Why does an economy problem arise?
13. When unemployment is reduced or employment is raised then production will increase? PPC will shift
outward, countries GDP will rise.
14. Calculate marginal opportunity cost from the following table. What will be the slope of PPC and why?
Good A Good B
0 50
1 45
2 40
3 35
4 30

15. Why do problems related to allocation of resources in an economy arise? Explain in brief.
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Long Answer Type Questions: 5-6 Marks
1. What is likely to be the impact of large scale outflow of foreign capital on production possibility curve of
the economy and why?
2. What will be the effect of recently lunched Swach Bharat Mission on the production possibility curve of
the economy and why?
3. Why PPC curve is downward slopping left to right.
4. Explain the property of PPC.
5. What will be the impact of education for all campaign or Sarv Shiksha Avhiyan on the product PPC curve
of the Indian Economy and why?
6. Explain the Concept of marginal rate of transformation. Explain with the help of an example.
Chapter 2: Consumer’s Equilibrium
Short Answer Type Questions: 3-4 Marks
1. Define the term utility, Total Utility, Marginal Utility, Diminishing Marginal Utility.
2. Define an indifference curve, Budget set, Budget Line and consumer’s equilibrium.
3. Define slope of budget line, indifference curve and indifference map
4. Explain the law of equi-marginal utility
5. When does decreasing demand take place?
6. Give Consumer’s optimum condition from utility approach in case of one good.
7. Write down the assumption of indifference curve approach.
8. Why does budget line slopes downward?

Long Answer Type Questions: 5-6 Marks

1. Explain the conditions of consumer’s equilibrium with the help of indifference curve analysis.
2. What are monotonic preferences? Explain why an indifference curve to the right show higher utility.
3. Why does an indifference curve to the right show more utility?
4. A consumer consumes only two goods X and Y and is in equilibrium. Price of X rises. Explain the reaction
of the consumer with the help of utility analysis.
5. Explain the law of diminishing marginal utility with the help of total utility schedule.
6. Why is an indifference curve negatively slow?
7. A consumer consumes only two goods X and Y. The marginal utilities of X and Y are 4 and 3 respectively.
Price of X and price of Y is ₹ 3 per unit. Is consumer in equilibrium? What will be further reaction of the
consumer? Give reasons.
8. Explain the conditions of equilibrium using marginal utility analysis.
9. Explain the concept of marginal rate of substitution by giving an example.
10. What happens to MRS when consumer move downward along the indifference curve? Give reasons for
your answer.
11. A consumer consumes only two goods X and Y both priced at ₹ 3 per unit. If the consumer chooses a
combination of these two goods with marginal rate of substitution equal to 3, is the consumer in equilibrium?
Give reasons. Explain what will a rational consumer do in this situation? Explain.
12. Explain the conditions of consumer’s equilibrium under indifference curve analysis.

Chapter 3: Demand
Short Answer Type Questions: 3-4 Marks
1. What is demand for a commodity?
Page | 3
2. Define law of demand. What are the underlying assumptions?
3. What are substitute and inferior goods?
4. Define individual demand curve.
5. Define market demand curve.
6. Define inferior goods.
7. When is good called a normal good?
8. What do you mean by increasing demand and change in demand?
9. State the law of demand and market demand.
10. Give a reason for a rightward and leftward shift in demand curve.

Long Answer Type Questions: 5-6 Marks

1. Explain the different between an inferior good and a normal good.
2. How is the demand for a good affected by a rise in the prices of other goods? Explain.
3. How does change in price of a substitute goods affect the demand of the given good? Explain with the help
of example.
4. Explain any four factors that affecting market demand.
5. Explain any three factors that can cause rightward shift of demand curve.
6. How does the change in price of a complementary good affect the demand of the given good? Explain with
the help of an example.
7. Distinguish between
(A) Increase and expansion in demand. (B) Decrease and contraction in demand.
8. The difference between changes in quantity demanded and change in demand. Use diagram.
9. Explain the relationship between
(A) Prices of other goods and demand for the given goods
(B) Income of the buyer and demand for a good
10. Three households A, B and C form the demand schedule for the market and that for household A and B
determine the demand schedule for C

Price Demand of Demand of Demand of

Market
(₹) Household Household Household
Demand
A B C
30 0 25 35
25 10 30 60
20 20 35 85
15 30 40 110
10 40 45 135
5 50 60 160
[Ans: 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 50]

Chapter 4: Elasticity of Demand

Short Answer Type Questions: 3-4 Marks

1. Give the range of price elasticity of demand.
2. Which has greater elasticity: luxuries or necessities?
3. What is price elasticity of demand?
4. What is the shape of perfectly inelastic demand curve?
5. What is the shape of perfectly elastic demand curve?
6. What is the shape of unitary elastic demand curve?
Page | 4
7. When is the demand for a good said to be inelastic?
8. When is the demand for a good to be perfectly inelastic?
9. What is meant by price elasticity of demand?
10. Give the meaning of “inelastic demand”.

Long Answer Type Questions: 5-6 Marks

1. Explain the percentage method of measuring price elasticity of demand.
2. Explain the various degrees of price elasticity of demand.

Numerical:
1. From the information given below, compare the elasticity of demand for commodity X and commodity Y.
Commodity X Commodity Y
Quantity Demanded Quantity Demanded
Price (₹) Price (₹)
(units) (units)
2 100 4 100
3 40 6 60
[Ans: eD for Good X = 1.2, eD for Good Y = 0.8]

2. When the price of good rises from ₹ 10 per unit to ₹ 12 per unit, its quantity demanded falls by 20 per cent.
Calculate its price elasticity of demand. How much would be the percentage change in its quantity demanded,
if the price rises from ₹ 10 per unit to ₹ 13 per unit?
[Ans: e = 1, % change in Q = 30]
3. A consumer spends ₹ 80 on a commodity at a price of ₹ 1 per unit and ₹ 100 at a price of ₹ 2 per unit. What
is the price elasticity of demand?
[Ans: 0.38]
4. When the price of a commodity falls by ₹ 2 per unit, its quantity demanded increases by 10 units. Its price
elasticity of demand is (-) 1. Calculate its quantity demanded at the price before change which was ₹ 10 per
unit.
[Ans: 50 units]

5. When the price of a commodity falls by ₹ 1 per unit, its quantity demanded rises by 3 units. Its price
elasticity of demand is (-) 2. Calculate its quantity demanded if the price before the change was ₹ 10 per unit.
[Ans: 15 units]
6. The quantity demanded of a commodity falls by 5 units when its price rises by ₹ 1 per unit. Its price elasticity
of demand is (-) 1.5. Calculate the price before change if at this quantity demanded was 60 units.
[Ans: ₹ 18]

7. On the basis of information given below, compare the price elasticity of Good A and B.
Commodity A Commodity B
Price per Price per
Total Outlay (₹) Total Outlay (₹)
unit (₹) unit (₹)
2 10 2 10
3 30 4 20
[Ans: The price elasticity for good A is greater than good B]
8. From the following data calculate price elasticity of demand.
Price (₹) Total Expenditure (₹)
9 100

Page | 5
 9 150

9. A consumer buys 20 units of a good at a price of ₹ 5 per unit. He incurs an expenditure of ₹ 120 when he
buys 24 units. Calculate price elasticity of demand using the percentage method. Comment upon the likely
shape of demand curve based on this information.
Price Quantity Demanded
5 20
120 24
=5
24
[Ans: The demand curve is parallel to the x-axis]

10. The price elasticity of demand of X is (-) 1.25. Its price falls from ₹ 10 to ₹ 8 per unit. Calculate the
percentage change in its demand.
[Ans: 25%]

5. Production Function

Short Answer Type Questions: 3-4 Marks

1. Distinguish between long run and short run production function.
2. Define production function, law of variable proportion and returns to a factors.
3. What is a relationship between AP and MP curves?
4. What are the reasons behind increasing returns to a factor?
5. What do you mean by marginal product? How it is calculated?
6. Complete the following table:

Units of Labour Average Product (Units) Marginal Product (Units)

1 8 -----
2 10 -----
3 ----- 10
4 9 -----
5 ----- 4
6 7 -----
[Ans: AP = 10,8, MP = 8,12,6,2]
7. Complete the following table:

Units of Labour Average Product (Units) Marginal Product (Units)

1 16 -----
2 20 -----
3 ----- 20
4 18 -----
5 ----- 8
6 14 -----

Page | 6
 [Ans: AP = 20, 16, MP = 16,24,12,4]

8. State difference phases of the law of variable proportion on the basis of total product.
9. Give the meaning and features of production possibility frontier.
10. What type of production function is this in which only one input in increase and others kept constant?
11. State the behavioural of total product in this production function.
12. Explain the law of variable proportion in brief with the help of suitable examples and diagram.

Long Answer Type Questions: 5-6 Marks

1. What is the relationship between TP, AP and MP?
2. Explain the two types of production function.
3. What are increasing returns to factor? How do they arise?
4. Explain the reason behind increasing and diminishing returns to a factor.

Numerical:
1. Identify the different output levels which make the different phases of the operations of the law of variable
proportions from the following data.

Variable Input 0 1 2 3 4
Total Physical Product 0 8 20 20 16

2.
Units of labour input 1 2 3 4 5 6
Total output (units) 50 100 150 180 180 150

State and briefly explain the law underlying the change in output as the input is changed. Also identify the
various stages in the change in total product.
3. The following table gives the marginal product schedule of labour. It is given that product of labour is zero
at zero level of employment. Calculate the total and average product schedules of labour.
L 1 2 3 4 5 6
MPL 3 5 7 5 3 1

4. Identify the different phases of the law of variable proportions from the following schedule. Give reasons
for your answer.
Unit of variable input 1 2 3 4 5
TP (units) 4 9 13 15 12

5. State and briefly explain the law underlying the change in output as the input is changed. Also identify
various phases in the change in total product. Calculate APP and MPP.
Units of Labour input 1 2 3 4 5 6
Total output (units) 5 11 15 18 18 15

6. Cost

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Short Answer Type Questions: 3-4 Marks
1. What do you mean by cost and cost function? Explain the various types of cost.
2. What do you mean by explicit and implicit cost? Give two differences.
3. What do you mean by fixed cost and variable cost? Give examples and two differences of it.
4. What do you mean by average fixed cost and average variable cost? Explain with help of diagram.
5. What is the relationship between average cost and average variable cost?
6. What do you mean by marginal cost? What is the relationship average cost and marginal cost? Give
examples.
7. Write two important cost in the long run. What is the relationship between LAC and LMC?
8. What happens to the differences between total cost and total variable cost as output is increased?

Long Answer Type Questions: 5-6 Marks

1. State the behaviour of average fixed cost as output in increased.
2. Explain the relationship between marginal cost and average variable cost.

Numerical:

1. Complete the following table:

Output (Units) Average Fixed Cost (₹) Marginal Cost (₹) Total Cost (₹)
1 --- --- ---
2 --- 20 164
3 40 16 ---
4 --- --- 198
5 24 20 ---

2. Complete the following table:

Output Average Variable Cost Total Cost (₹) Marginal Cost (₹)
(Units) (₹)
1 --- 60 20
2 18 --- ---
3 --- --- 18
4 20 120 ---
5 22 --- ---

3. Complete the following table:

Output Total Cost Average Variable Cost Marginal Cost
(Units) (₹) (₹) (₹)
0 24
1 44 --- ---
2 --- 15 ---
3 --- --- 15
4 88 --- ---

7. Revenue

Short Answer Type Questions: 3-4 Marks

Page | 8
1. Define the term revenue, total revenue and marginal revenue.
2. What is the relationship between (A) TR and MR and (B) AR and MR?
3. Why is average revenue equals to price?
4. When will marginal revenue be negative? What is total revenue?

Long Answer Type Questions: 5-6 Marks

1. Explain the relationship between total revenue, average revenue and marginal revenue.
2. Distinguish between behaviour of average revenue of a firm under monopolistic competition and perfect
competition.

Numerical:
1. Complete the following table:
Output Total Revenue Average Revenue Marginal Revenue
(Units) (₹) (₹) (₹)
1 10 --- ---
2 18 --- ---
3 27 --- ---

2. Complete the following table:

Output (Units) Price (₹) TR (₹) AR (₹) MR (₹)

5 6 --- --- ---
4 7 --- --- ---
3 8 --- --- ---

3. Complete the following table:

Output (Units) Price (₹)
50 1
40 2
30 3
20 4
10 5

4. Complete the following table:

Output Total Revenue Average Revenue Marginal Revenue
(Units) (₹) (₹) (₹)
1 --- --- 12
2 10 --- ---
3 --- 24 ---
4 --- --- 0

8. Producer’s Equilibrium

Short Answer Type Questions: 3-4 Marks

1. Define producer’s equilibrium. Explain the condition of producer’s equilibrium.

Page | 9
2. What is breakeven point? It is enough to say that profit is maximise when MC = MR?
3. What do you mean by equilibrium output of a producer?
4. Why is the equality between marginal cost and marginal revenue necessary for a firm to be in equilibrium?
Is it sufficient to ensure equilibrium?
5. At a particular level of output, a producer finds that MC > MR. What will the producer do to maximise his
profit?

Long Answer Type Questions: 5-6 Marks

1. What do you mean by producer equilibrium? Explain the conditions of producer’s equilibrium in terms of
marginal cost and marginal revenue.

Numerical:

1. The following table shows the total revenue and total cost schedules of a competitive firm. Find the profit
maximising level of output.
Output Total Revenue Total Cost
(Units) (₹) (₹)
1 10 10
2 20 17
3 30 27
4 40 39
5 50 54

2. Find out the maximum profit position of a producer by MR – MC approach on the basis of the following
data:

Output TR TC
(Units) (₹) (₹)
1 10 4
2 19 13
3 27 19
4 34 26
5 40 34

3. From the following information about a firm, find the firm’s equilibrium output from marginal cost and
marginal revenue. Give reasons. Also find profit at this output.

Output TR TC
(Units) (₹) (₹)
1 7 8
2 14 15
3 21 21
4 28 28
5 35 36

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 9. Supply and Elasticity of Supply

Short Answer Type Questions: 3-4 Marks

1. Define the term supply. What do you mean by change in supply?
2. What do you mean by increase and decrease in supply?
3. When is supply of a good said to be in elastic?
4. When does increase and decrease in supply take place?
5. When does a supply curve shift?
6. Define price elasticity of supply.
7. Define market supply. What is the effect on the supply of a good when government imposes a tax on the
production of that good? Explain.
8. Explain how changes in prices of other products influence the supply of a given product.
9. What is change in supply? Explain the effect of tax imposed on a good on the supply of the good.
10 Explain how technological progress is a determinant of supply of a good by a firm.

Long Answer Type Questions: 5-6 Marks

1. Explain the distinction between decrease in supply and contraction in supply. Use diagram.
2. Explain the distinction between change in quantity supplied and change in supply.
3. Examine the effect of (A) fall in the own price of good X and (B) rise in tax rate on the good X, on the
supply curve. Use diagram.

Numerical:

1. Price of goods falls from ₹ 15 to ₹ 10 and the supply decreases from 100 units to 50 units. Calculate Es.
[Ans: = 1.5 ]

2. A seller of potatoes sells 80 quintals a day when the price of potatoes is ₹ 4 per kilogram. The elasticity of
supply of potatoes is known to be 2. How much quantity will this seller supply when the price rises to ₹ 5 per
kilogram?
[Ans: = 120 quintals]

3. Total revenue is ₹ 400 when the price of the commodity is ₹ 2 per unit. When the price rises to ₹ 3 per unit,
the quantity supplied is 300 units. Calculate the price elasticity of supply.
[ Ans: = 1 ]

4. When the price of a commodity rises by 10 percent, its supply rises by 40 units. Its elasticity of supply is 1.
Calculate its supply at the original price.
[Ans: = 400 units]

5. At a price of a ₹ 10 per unit, the supply of a commodity is 300 units. Its elasticity of supply is 1.5. Its price
increases by 20 percent by 20 percent. Calculate its supply at the increased price.
[Ans: = 390 units]

10. Forms of Market

Short Answer Type Questions: 3-4 Marks

1. Define the term market. What are the different types of market structure?
2. What can you say about the number of buyers and sellers under monopolistic completion?
Page | 11
3. In which market from can a firm not influence the price of a product?
4. What is oligopoly, perfect oligopoly, imperfect oligopoly, collusive oligopoly?
5. Explain any three features of monopolistic competition.
6. What is patent life? Explain any three features of perfect competition.
7. Why is the number of firms small in an oligopoly market?
8. Explain the implication of large number of buyers in a perfectly competitive market.
9. Explain freedom of entry and exit to firms in industry. Write the features of monopolistic.
10. Distinguish between behaviour of average revenue of a firm under monopolistic competition and perfect
competition. Use diagram.
11. Why can a firm not earn abnormal profits under perfect competition in the long run? Explain.
12. Give reasons a monopolist can sell any quantity he likes at a price.
13. Distinguish between perfect oligopoly and imperfect oligopoly.
14. Explain the implications of the following in an oligopoly market: (a) barriers to entry of new firms (b) a
few of few big sellers.
15. Distinguish between cooperative and non-cooperative oligopoly.

Long Answer Type Questions: 5-6 Marks

1. Give reasons of the following: (a) a monopolist can fix both, the price of his product and the quantity to be
sold at that price.
2. Under monopolistic competition, a firm faces a perfectly elastic demand curve.
3. Explain the implications of the following in an oligopoly market: (a) inter dependence between firms, (b)
non price competition.

11. Determination of Market Equilibrium and Effects of Shifts in Demand and Supply Curves

Short Answer Type Questions: 3-4 Marks

1. What do you mean by the term equilibrium and equilibrium price?
2. Name the three factors that determine equilibrium price.
3. What are the changes found in demand?
4. What do you mean non-viable industry?
5. What is market equilibrium? What are the effects of changes in demand and supply of an equilibrium price?
6. How does the equilibrium price of a normal commodity change when income of its buyer falls?
7. Explain the chain effects, if the prevailing market price is below the equilibrium price.

Long Answer Type Questions: 5-6 Marks

1. Market for a good is in equilibrium. Suppose supply of the good decreases. Explain the chain of effects of
this change. Use diagram.
2. Explain the chain of effects of excess supply of a good of its equilibrium price.
3. Explain the meaning of excess demand and excess supply with the help of schedule. Explain their effect on
equilibrium price.
4. If the prevailing market price is above the equilibrium price, then explain the chain of effects.
5. If the equilibrium price is greater than its market price, explain all the changes that will take place in the
market. Use diagram.

12. Simple Applications of Demand and Supply

Page | 12
Short Answer Type Questions: 3-4 Marks
1. What is price floor, price ceiling and black market?
2. What are the effects of price ceiling and price floor?
3. What is minimum and maximum price ceiling? Explain its implications.
4. What are the effects of price support policy or price fixation?
5. What are the effects of price control policy? (a) Black marketing (b) rationing.

Long Answer Type Questions: 5-6 Marks

1. Explain the effects of maximum price fixation or price control policy.
2. What do you mean by minimum support price? Explain with the help of examples.

Statistics for economics

Part -B
Chapter – 1: Concept of Economics and Significance of Statistics in Economics.

Chapter – 2: Collection of Data.

Chapter – 3: Census and Sample methods of Collection of Data.

Chapter – 4: Organisation and Presentation of Data.

Chapter – 5: Measures of Central Tendency (Mean).

Chapter – 6: Measures of Central Tendency (Median and Mode).

Chapter – 7: Measure of Dispersion (Deleted for this Academic Session).

Chapter – 8: Co-relation.

Chapter – 9: Index Numbers.

Chapter – 1: Concept of Economics and Significance of Statistics in Economics

Short Answer Type Questions: 3-4 Marks

1. Scarcity Causes economic problem. How?
2. Explain the component of economics.
3. Define statistics as singular and plural form.
4. Distinguish between quantitative and qualitative data.
5. What is the importance of statistics in economics?
6. Write any three limitations of statistics.
7. Statistical methods are dangerous weapons in the hands of unqualified person.
Page | 13
8. What is -------------- and descriptive statistics?

Long Answer Type Questions: 5-6 Marks

1. Explain the characteristics of statistics.
2. Statistics is defined as aggregate of numerical facts. Give examples.
3. Statistics is defined as the science which deals with the analysis of statistical data! Give examples.
4. There are two kind of lies. Demand lies and statistics. Explain!

Chapter – 2: Collection of Data

Short Answer Type Questions: 3-4 Marks

1. Date define.
2. What is primary and secondary data? Give examples.
3. What are the qualities of a good questionnaire?
4. What precautions are used for secondary data?
5. What do you mean by the term?
(A) Enumerator (B) Investigator (C) Respondent (D) Measurement errors (E) Recording mistakes.
6. Census of India provide statistical information on various aspects of demographic changes in India. Explain!
7. Distinguish between primary and secondary data.
8. Statistical tables giving distinct wise birth and death rates (No. of births and deaths per 1000 of population)
are obtained from publication of the census of India 2011. Would you call them primary or secondary data?
Give reasons in support of your answers.

Long Answer Type Questions: 5-6 Marks

1. Enumerate the various methods of collection of primary data. Write the merits of each.
2. What type of errors are commonly observed during the process collection data?
3. What are the importance types of data as published in census of India and reports publications of NSSO?

Chapter – 3: Census and Sample methods of Collection of Data

Short Answer Type Questions: 3-4 Marks

1. What is census method? What are its uses?
2. What is the difference between census and sampling method?
3. What are the advantages of sampling method of collection of data over the census method?
4. What are the methods of sampling?
5. What is the difference between Universe and sample?
6. Distinguish between sampling and non-sampling errors.
7. How does random sampling different from haphazard sampling?
8. Explain lottery method of random sampling.

Long Answer Type Questions: 5-6 Marks

1. What is census method? Write its merits and de-merits.
2. What do you mean by sampling survey? What are its advantages and disadvantages?

Page | 14
3. Distinguish between random sampling and systematic sampling on any three points of distinction.
4. Explain the various methods of sampling. How is random sampling better than systematic sampling?
5. Distinguish between random sampling and stratified sampling on any four points of distinction.

Chapter – 4: Organisation and Presentation of Data

Short Answer Type Questions: 3-4 Marks

1. Explain the term statistical series.
2. Classify data. Write its objectives.
3. What is frequency distribution?
4. What are the main points underlying the construction of a frequency distribution?
5. What is discrete and continuous series? Explain!
6. What are the various types of frequency distribution?
7. What do you mean by exclusive or inclusive series?
8. What is mid value? How is it calculated?
9. What are the merits of classification?
10. Define tabulation. What are the objectives of tabulation?
11. What is Bar diagram?
12. What is histogram and Polygram?

Long Answer Type Questions: 5-6 Marks

1. Explain the objectives of classification.
2. Define statistical data. Write about the various types of statistical data.
3. What is (A) Frequency array (B) Frequency distribution?
4. What are the guidelines for construction of a table?

Numerical

1. Prepare a frequency series of the ages of 25 students of the ages of 25 students of class XI in your school.
2. Following are the marks obtained by 25 students in statistics. Prepare a frequency distribution by taking a
class interval of 4 on exclusive basis.

5 6 8 10 11 13 6 8 5 13 8 10 3
18 6 8 5 16 11 8 5 8 5 8 6
Ans: sum f = 25

3. Convert the following into simple frequency distribution:-

𝑀𝑖𝑑𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 5 15 25 35 45 55
=
𝐹𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 2 8 15 12 7 6

Ans: Errors of grouping.

4. The taste of 500 people of a society for different type of food was recorded as follows:-

𝑇𝑦𝑝𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑜𝑜𝑑 𝑁. 𝐼 𝑆. 𝐼 𝐶ℎ𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑒 𝐼𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑎𝑛 𝑀𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑛

=
𝑁𝑜 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑒𝑜𝑝𝑙𝑒 150 100 125 75 50
Page | 15
Ans:

5. Present of the following data in the form of a frequency polygon:

Marks 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70

Number of student 10 15 20 22 15 10
[Ans: Show the presentation.]

Chapter – 5: Measures of Central Tendency (Arithmetic Mean)

Short Answer Type Questions: 3-4 Marks

1. What do you mean by the statistical average or central tendency of a series?
2. What is weighted average mean?
3. What are the properties of Arithmetic mean?
4. State four objectives of statistical average.
5. State four merits of an ideal measure of central tendency.
6. Write down the demerits of arithmetic mean.

Long Answer Type Questions: 5-6 Marks

1. Why is Arithmetic Mean the most commonly used measure of central tendency?
2. Explain the step deviation method of calculating Arithmetic Mean, taking an imaginary set of data.

Numerical:

1. Following are the marks obtained by 8 students in statistics. Calculate Arithmetic mean.

Marks 15 18 16 45 32 40 30 28
[Ans: 28]

2. Following are the marks obtained by 25 students in economics. Find out the mean marks by using direct
and assumed mean method.

Marks 10 20 30 40 50 60
No of Student 5 2 3 8 4 3
[Ans: 35.2]

3. Calculating mean from the following data:-

Marks 10-20 10-30 10-40 10-50 10-60 10-70 10-80 10-90
No of Student 4 16 56 97 124 137 146 150
[Ans: 46.33]

4. If the average salary of a firm is ₹ 400 and the number of workers is 60. Find the total salary bill of the
firm.
[Ans: ₹ 24000/-]

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5. Find the missing information in the following table:-

A B C D
Number (N) 10 8 -- 24
Mean (X) 20 -- 6 15
Mean of B 15.5
C=6

6. Calculate the weighted mean from the following data:-

Marks 60 75 59 55
Weight 2 1 5 5 3

[Ans: Weighted mean = 60.625]

7. The average marks of 39 students of a class is 50. The marks obtained by 40th student are 39 more than
the average marks of all the 40 students. Find the mean marks of all the 40 students.
[Ans: 51]

Chapter – 6: Measures of Central Tendency (Median and Mode)

Short Answer Type Questions: 3-4 Marks

1. What is median? How to find median value?
2. What is the difference between mode and median?
3. Write four merits of median.
4. What is the relationship between mean, median and mode?
5. Arithmetic mean is affected by very large and very small values, but median and mode are not affected by
them – comment!
6. Give the formula for estimating mode in care of continuous series.

Long Answer Type Questions: 5-6 Marks

1. Define average and describe its chief properties.
2. How is median class interval located in care of continuous series?
3. Compare the arithmetic mean, median, mode as measures of central tendency. Describe situation where
one is more suitable than the others.

Numerical:
1. The following series shows marks in economics of students of class – XI. Find the median marks.
[Ans M= 71.5kg]
2. Find the median of following series:-

Size 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Frequency 2 3 8 10 12 16 10 8 6
[Ans Median= 7]

3. Find out median value of the following distribution:-

Wage Rate 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50
No. of workers 22 38 46 35 20
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 [Ans: Median= 24.46]

4. Find the missing frequency in the following distribution if N is 60 and Median is 40.

Marks 0-10 10-30 30-60 60-80 80-90

Frequency 5 F1 F2 8 2

5. Age of 15 students of a class is reported below. Find modal age.

Age (in years) 17 17 18 18 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 22 22 23 24

6. Calculate mode from the following series:-

Class interval 0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30

Frequency 1 2 10 4 10 9 35
[Ans: 24.29]
7. Find out mode of the following series:-

Wages less than 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900
No. of workers 5 18 38 70 90 95 98 100
[Ans: Mode = 450]

8. The following series show marks in statistics of IX students in class XI. Find the median marks.

Marks 22 16 18 13 15 19 17 20 23
[Ans: Median = 18]

9. Calculate median from the following:-

200 217 316 264 296 282 317 299

[Ans: Median = 289]

10. Calculate the median from the following data:-

Size 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
Frequency 2 5 12 20 10 7 3
[Ans: Median = 16]

11. Calculate the mode from the following data:-

Class 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59

Interval
Frequency 3 5 10 20 12 6 3 1
[Ans: Mode = 37.28]

12. Calculate the median of the following items:-

15,23,20,23,35,26,27,25 and 40.

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 [Ans: Median = 24]

13. Find out median marks from the following data:-

Marks 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50

No. of students 8 30 40 12 10
[Ans: Median Marks = 23]

14. Following is the distribution of marks in statistics obtained by 32 students:-

Mid value 5 15 25 35 45 55
Frequency 4 6 10 7 3 2
[Ans: Median Marks = 26]

15. Calculate mean median and mode from the following data:-

Class 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 70-80 80-90

Interval
Frequency 18 37 45 27 15 8
[Ans: Mean = 55.53, Median = 54.44, Mode = 53.08]

Chapter – 7: Measure of Dispersion (Deleted for this Academic Session)

Chapter – 8: Co-relation

Short Answer Type Questions: 3-4 Marks

1. Define co-relation. What is its importance?
2. Write down the various degrees of co-relation.
3. Explain the Karl Pearson method of co-relation. How it is calculated?
4. Discuss Spearman’s rank difference method.
5. State the properties of co-relation co-efficient.

Long Answer Type Questions: 5-6 Marks

1. Explain various types co-relation with the help of examples.
2. What is the distinction between (i) linear and non-linear co-relation (ii) positive and negative co-relation.

Chapter – 9: Index Numbers

Short Answer Type Questions: 3-4 Marks

1. State the various types of index numbers. What is cost of living index numbers?
2. Define base year. What is its importance? What is wholesale price index?
3. Discuss the weighted and un-weighted index of prices.
4. Write down the four principles of index numbers.
5. State the qualities of a good base year.
Page | 19
6. What does an index of industrial production measure?
7. What are the uses of wholesale price index number?
8. Write down the considerations underlying the choice of base period in the construction of an index number?

Long Answer Type Questions: 5-6 Marks

1. What are the uses of wholesale price index no?
2. Explain the main problems which are faced in the construction of index no.
3. Explain the general method of constructing an index no and uses of an index no.
4. Mention any four limitations of index.
5. Explain the concept human development index in brief.

Numerical:

1. Construct cost of living index for 2019 based on 2011 from the following data:

Group Food Housing Clothing Fuel & Light Mics

Group index no. for 2019 122 140 112 116 106
(Based on 2011)
Weights 32 10 10 06 42
[Ans: 115.72]

2. Construct index numbers of prices in the year 2019 from the following data by using
(i) Laspeyre’s method
(ii) Pasches Method
(iii) Fischer’s Method

Commodity 2011 (Base year) 2019 (Base year)

(Price) (Qty) (Price) (Qty)
A 2 8 4 6
B 5 10 6 5
C 4 14 5 10
D 2 19 2 15
[Ans: (i) 125, (ii) 125.23, (iii) 125.12]

3. Construct cost of living index number for 2019 on the basis of 2011 from the following data and given
your comments.

Item Prices in (2011) Prices in (2019) Weights

Food 39 47 04
Fuel 08 12 01
Clothing 14 18 03
Rent 12 15 02
Misc 25 30 01
[Ans: Cost of living index = 126.16]

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4.Construct index number of prices from the following data:-
(i) Laspeyre’s method
(ii) Pasches Method
(iii) Fischer’s Method

Commodity 2011 (Base year) 2019 (Base year)

(Price) (Exp) (Price) (Exp)
A 8 100 10 90
B 10 60 11 66
C 5 100 5 100
D 3 30 2 24
E 2 8 4 20
[Ans: (i) 109.73, (ii) 107.91, (iii) 108.82]

5. Calculate price index from the following data but using weighted average price relative method.

Commodity Base YR price Current year price Weights

A 6 8 240
B 3 3.2 240
C 2 3 240
[Ans: Price index = 122.21]

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