MAJOR THEME: LIVING IN A CHANGING

WORLD
SUB THEME: WORKING IN A CHANGING SOCIETY
What is work?

 Work is any physical or mental effort or activity directed toward the production or
accomplishment of something.
 Work is actually anything where one is moving and applying force.
 There are many examples but some are your mother cleaning the home, child eating, a man
pushing a car pedal, studying etc.

Value of work

 No one just lives in a society.

 Work is a very important aspect of our life.
 Life at school is very much concerned with work.
 The work of many people has made it possible for school to exist.
 We pay fees because of work.
 Work makes workers to be employed.
 Your work is possible because of your past and other people’s work in the past.
 Your work in the present is helping to decide what you and others will be able to do in the future.
 The work of many people together is needed.
 We need each other’s work.
 Our work is interdependent.
Explain that work is interpedently.

 Interdependence of work – Most of the work today in Zambia is interdependent, meaning that
very few items today are made totally by one person.
 Work of many people together is needed so that we are able to live decently and enjoy the
benefits of convenience in modern society in Zambia.
 Examples are the production of shoes, shirts, desks etc.

PROBLEMS ARISING FROM SALARIED EMPLOYMENT AND INDUSTRIALIZATION

1. BOREDOM – This is the act of doing the same type of job.

2. UNEMPLOYMENT – There are no enough jobs to cater for all school leaves.
3. CORRUPTION – offering or accepting to receive money or other things without necessarily
deserving it.
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 4. INDIFFERENCE – having an I don’t care attitude since you will get paid whether the job is
bodily done or not.

5. Exploitation of workers- Some people work very hard for low salaries.
6. Poor working conditions for workers-Some people work long hours and do not see enough
of their families.
7. Migration of labor
8. Job insecurity
9. Dependence syndrome
COMPARE AND CONTRAST WORK IN RURAL AREAS WITH WORK IN URBAN AREAS

WORK IN RURAL AREAS WORK IN URBAN AREAS

Work in rural areas is at the mercy
of the weather
In rural areas your benefits will
depend on the sale of your produce
In rural areas one’s work can be
boring and unsatisfying
In rural areas majority of people are
self employed
In rural areas work is more
rewarding
Work in urban areas is not at the mercy of
the weather
In urban areas you get paid even when
you are on leave
Work in urban areas whether you work or
not, you still get your salary
Majority of people in urban areas they
work for someone else
In urban areas work is a challenge

WORK IN A HUMANIST SOCIETY

The revolution programme to implement the philosophy of human demands that one works relentlessly to
rid this world of the evil:

 Capitalism –an economic system in which is country’s businesses and industries are
controlled and run for profit by private owners rather than the government
 Imperialism- a system in which one country controls other countries after defeating
them.
 Facism- political system or attitude which is in favour of strong central government
and which does not allow any opposition.
 Racism- the unfair treatment of people who belong to a different race.
 Colonialism- the practice by which a powerful country controls another country or
other countries.

On the other hand poverty, hunger, ignorance, disease, crime and exploitation of man by man. These are
some of the demands of the philosophy of Zambian Humanism which have to become reality if we are to
reach a just society.

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 - We must remember that the secret of a successful life is hard work.
- Work makes a better human being.
- It builds the character
- It enhances human dignity and personal worth through the principles of Humanism, work
therefore must wage an all-out war on :-

-Indiscipline -Lethargy - Lack of knowledge -Laziness -Lack of initiative

These are enemies of success. They are enemies of Humanism too.

TRADITIONAL ATTITUDE ABOUT WORK FOUND IN ZAMBIA

- Everybody was a worker.

- A man decided when to work and when not to work.
- Most work was communal.
- Work was divided according to age, sex and rank.
- Work was related to basic needs of life.
- Generally women worked harder them men.

WORK IN MODERN SOCIETY

- Work is not divided according to age, sex or rank.

- Today work is done according to qualifications and experience as well as trading regardless sex,
age or rank.
- Work is not related to the basic needs of life.
- Work is not communal.
- No communism, today people tend to care most for their work than for the community.
- Today men take work that is meaningless
- Not everybody is a worker.
- Generally men work harder than women.
- Today training is offered.
- Today there is exploitation of prices of commodities.
- Today time is set to do work e.g from 08:00hrs to 16:00hrs from Monday to Friday.

WORK AMONG HINDUS IN ZAMBIA

Hindus work as:-

- Farmers -Teachers -Craftsmen -Business men

- Government officials -House wives

THE TEACHING OF ISLAM ABOUT WORK

- A master should not charge a servant with work beyond his power.
- A servant who is entrusted with too much work should be helped
- Pay the labourer his wages immediately he does the work.
- Act justly and kindly towards employees
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 - Feed and clothe a servant out of what you feed and clothe yourself.
- Pardon your servant seventy times everyday
- A double reward to a servant who worship Allah.

THE TEACHING OF KARL MAX ON WORK

- There were low wages -Long working hours (up to 16 hrs per day)
- In human working conditions -No security -Child labour
- Max wanted to make conditions better for the ordinary worker.

Therefore, Max had a great vision of how man should be

- He pictured to himself a fully developed man

- A man who should make full use of his ability
- A man who had developed his talents
- A man who could make full use of the earthly things like music, inventions, art, etc
- A man who could freely develop his creative power in work and expresses himself fully in his
creative activities.

A TRUE MARXIST –LENINIST IS SOMEBODY WHO…………..

- Believe that all progress can be achieved by conflict between man and man
- Believes that man can be redeemed from selfishness by abolishing private ownership of factories
and other means of production.
- Believes that society and nature develop themselves following an interior mechanism called
‘dialetic forces’.
- Believes that we do not need God for achieving a perfect world and a new perfect society.
- Believes individuals have little value apart from their contribution to the collective group.
- Believes evil is caused by wrong and harmful circumstances around man.
- Believes in class struggle and revolution to bring about a new society that is classless.

A CHRISTIAN HUMANIST IS SOMEBODY WHO…………..

- Detects opposing classes in society.

- Stands up for the poor and under privileged people.
- Is working to overcome discrimination and injustices in society.
- Work for a just distribution of wealth among all people on the global
- Demands for everybody the opportunity to develop all his abilities
- Believing that we do need God for achieving a perfect world and that union with God is the final
end of man.
- Believes that the method used to achieve justice must respect the dignity of each person.

MONASTERIES CONTRIBUTED MUCH TO THE SOCIETY THROUGH WORK

- They taught people proper methods of farming.

- They offered education and care for the old and sick.

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 - They practiced hospitality towards travelers.
- They tried to follow Jesus’ attitudes towards work.
- They dedicated their lives to work and prayer.
- They tried to be servant to others.
- They valued manual work.

MONASTERIES LOST BALANCE BETWEEN WORK AND PRAYER

- Monasteries grew wealthy because wealthy Christians gave gifts to them.

- The Monks as a rule did not own personal property but monastery as a whole became extremely
rich and thus they did not need to work to support themselves.
- A second development is that it began to more important for them to attend services in the
Church than to work with their hands.
- Monks and Nuns had nine (9) services of prayer and services everyday.
- In the western Church, it became a custom to have Mass (Eucharistic celebration, Holy
Communion, Lord’s Supper) every day and for many of the times the Monks to be Priest and
could celebrate Holy Mass.
- Some Monasteries employed servants and sometimes there were more servants than Monks to
work for them.

CRAFT GUILDS HELPED THE WORKERS

- During the Middle Ages workers organised themselves into guilds.

- Each guild had a particular trade.
- One could not be a leather marker unless one belonged to the leather markers guilds.
- Each had guild rules which guaranteed that each worker was properly trained.
- And a good standard of work was kept.
- The guilds appointed Chaplains and made donations to the Church.
- Gave scholarships to poor children.
- Each member of the guilds had faith in God which helped to create a high standard of
workmanship in work.

THE CONTRIBUTION OF CRAFT GUILDS TOWARDS ATTITUDES TO WORK

- Improved working conditions -Developed different skills

- Made donations to churches. -Gave scholarship to poor children.

HOW LORD SHAFTESBURY MADE CONDITIONS BETTER FOR WORKERS

- Lord Shaftesbury made conditions better for worker

- As a member of parliament he campaigned to get laws passed which limit working hours.
In 1847, the TEN HOURS ACT was passed.
- He also got schools started for children of the poor people or workers.
- He got better housing for the poor in general.

THE CHURCH TRAINED AND IS TRAINING PEOPLE IN DIFFERENT SKILLS

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The church is involved in training people in skills namely:-

- Sewing -Carpentry -Bricklaying -Craft -Farming -Cooking

THE CHURCH TEACHING ABOUT WORK

The church document was mainly about:-

- Man shares by his activity of the creator.

- In the production process, we must emphasise the primacy of man over things, over labour and
over capital.
- A just wage is a practical means of testing the justice of any socio-economic system.

THE TEACHING ABOUT THE PURPOSE AND MEANING OF WORKING IN MAN’S LIFE

- Work is a duty and right of every human being.

- Work should never be used to oppress people.
- Work should be considered noble and bringing dignity to the worker.
- Honest should accompany any work.
- Work should be done diligently.
- Good working conditions should be present. Eg man first, right, dignity, just wage, duty, good
conditions, diligence and no oppression

BIBLE CONTENTS

PLEASE USE ONLY GOOD NEWS BIBLE

KEY WORD: MAN IS URGED TO PUT TO GOOD USE GOD’S CREATION

GENESIS 1: 26-31

- The God said, “And now we can make human beings”.

- They will be like us and resemble us.
- They will have power over the fish, the birds and all animals, domestic and wild, large and small.
- So God created human beings, making them to be like him.
- He created them male and female
- Blessed them and said, “Have many children so that your descendants will live all over the earth.
- And bring it under their control
- I am putting you in-charge of the fish and all kinds of the fruits for you to eat.
- But for all wild animals and for all the birds I have provided grass and leafy plants for food and it
was done.
- God looked at everything he had made and he was pleased.
- Evening passes and morning came.

APPLICATION

 HOW HUMAN KIND IS MISUSING GOD’S CREATION?

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 - By poaching animals -By air and water pollution
- Over fishing in rivers, lakes and oceans -By deforestation- careless cutting down of trees.

APLLICATION

 HOW HUMAN KIND IS PUTTING TO GOOD USE OF GOD’S CREATION?

- Creation of game parks -Afforestation- replanting of trees
- Enforcing fish ban to allow fish to breed
- Correct application of chemicals and fertilizers in the soil.

KEY WORD: USING WORK TO EXPLOIT AND OPPRESS OTHERS THE KING

OF EGYPT USED WORK TO EXPLOIT AND OPPRESS THE ISRAELITES

EXODUS 1: 8-14

- Then, a new king who knew nothing about Joseph came to power in Egypt.
- He said to his people, Israelites are numerous and strong that is a threat to us.
- In case of war they might join our enemies’ in order to fight against us and might escape from our
country.
- We must find some way of keeping them from becoming even more numerous.
- So the Egyptians put slavery drivers over them to crash their spirits with hard labour.
- The Israelites build the cities of Pithom and Rameses.
- To serve as surplus center for the king
- But the more the Egyptians oppressed them
- The more they increased in number and the further they spread through the land.
- The Egyptians came to fear the Israelites.
- And made their lives miserable by forcing them into cruel slavery.
- They made them work on their building projects and on their fields and they had no mercy on
them.

KEY WORD: USING WORK TO EXPLOIT AND OPPRESS OTHERS THE KING

OF EGYPT USED WORK TO EXPLOIT AND OPPRESS THE ISRAELITES

EXODUS 5: 7-19

- Stop giving the straw for their bricks

- Make them find it themselves.
- But still require them to make the same number of bricks as before not les bricks.
- They haven’t enough work to do and that is why they keep on asking me to let them go and offer
sacrifices to their God.
- Make these men work harder and keep them busy so that they won’t have time to listen to a pack
of lies.
- Then slaves-drives and the Israelites foremen went out and said to the Israelites- the king has said
that he will not supply you with any more straw.

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 - He said that you may go and get it for yourselves wherever you can find it, but you must still
make the same number of bricks.
- So the people went all over Egypt looking for straw and the slave drivers kept forcing them to
make the same number of bricks everyday
- As they made when they were given straw.
- The Egyptians slave drivers beat the Israelites foremen whom they had put in charge of work.
- They demanded why people aren’t making same number of bricks as they made before.
- Then the foremen went to the king and complained.
- Why do you do this to us your majesty?
- We are given no straw but are ordered to make bricks.
- And now we are beaten. It is your people that are at fault.
- The king answered, you are lazy and don’t want to work and that’s why you ask me to let you go
and offer sacrifices to the Lord.

APPLICATION

 EXPLAIN HOW EMPLOYERS CAN AVOID OPPRESSING AND EXPLOITING THEIR

WORKERS?
- Paying adequate wages according to working hours.
- Giving sick leaves to employees in case of sickness.
- Giving funeral grants
- Giving protective clothing at place of work depending on the nature of job.
- Awarding workers on labour day
- Granting of maternity and paternity leave.

KEY WORD: THE NEED FOR WORKERS NOT TO OVER WORK THEMESELVES.
GOD SET ASIDE A DAY OF REST AND REMEMBERING HIM ON THE
SABBATH

EXODUS 20: 8-11

- Observe the Sabbath and keep it holy.

- You have six days in which to do your work.
- But the seventh day is the day of rest dedicated to me.
- On that one is to work neither you nor your animals
- Nor the foreigner who live in your country
- In six days; I the Lord made the earth, the sky, the sea and everything in them.
- But on the seventh day I rested.
- That is why I the Lord blessed the Sabbath and made it holy.

APPLICATION

 EXPLAIN HOW WORKERS MIGHT BE COMPELLED NOT TO OBSERVE THE

SABBATH
- Doctors/nurses in hospitals in times of emergencies

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 - Security Officers e. g. Police officers because of security reasons.
- Drivers (train, buses, and planes) because of their work schedule.
- Cooks in institutes of learning e.g. schools
- Essential miners in the mines.
Narrate a passage from the Old Testament in which the Prophet Jeremiah spoke out
against the unjust treatment of workers. (Jeremiah 22:13-17)
 Doomed is a man who builds his house by injustice.
 And enlarges it with dishonest.
 Who makes his countrymen work for nothing and does not pay their wages.
 Doomed is the one who says, I will build myself a mansion with rooms upstairs.
 So he puts windows in his house and panels it with cedar.
 Does it make you a better king if you build houses of cedar, finer than those of others?
 Your father enjoyed full life.
 He was always fair and just.
 He gave the poor a fair tail
 And he went well with them.
 That is what it means to know the Lord.
 But you can only see your selfish interests……………………………
SUGGESTED APPLICATION
Suggest how a person in position can ill-treat his workers.
 One can make workers go without pay for many months.
 One can divert the company profits to meet his interest than paying workers.
 One can steal from the company.
 One can make conditions better for himself, disregarding the welfare of his workers.
 One can grab wives for his workers because he knows he can win cases in court

KEY WORD: GIVE THE CONTENT OF A BIBLE PASSAGE FROM THE BOOK

OF DEUTERONOMY WHICH SHOWS HOW THE JEWISH PEOPLE

FORMULATED LAWS TO PROTECT THE WORKERS ESPECIALLY THE POOR
AND UNDERPRIVILEGED

DEUTERONOMY 24: 5-6, 10:15, 19-22

- When a man is newly married, he is not to be drifted into military service or any other public
duty.
- He is to be excused from duty for one year, so that he can stay at home and make his wife happy.
- When you lend someone something, you are not to take as security his millstones used for
grinding his corn.
- This will take away the family’s means of preparing food to keep alive.
- When you lend a neighbour something, do not go into his house to get the garment he is going to
give you as security.
- Wait outside and let him bring it to you himself.

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 - If he is poor, do not keep it over night; return it to him each evening, so that he can have it to
sleep in. Then, he will be grateful, and the lord your God will be pleased with you.
- Do not cheat the poor and needy hired servants, whether fellow –Israelites or foreigners living in
one of your towns.
- Each day before sun set pay them for that day’s work they need the money and have counted on
getting it.
- If you do not pay them, they will cry out against you to the Lord, and you will be guilt of sin.
- When you gather your corns and fail to bring in some of the corn that you have cut, do not go
back for it, it is to be left for the foreigners, orphans and widows, so that the lord God will bless
you in everything you do.
- When you have picked your olives once, do not go back and those that are left, are for the
foreigner, orphans and widows.

APPLICATION

 EXPLAIN WITH REFERENCE TO THE ABOVE PASSAGE HOW LEADERS TODAY

BEHAVE IN SIMILAR MANNER LIKE THE KING
- Village headmen/chiefs using his people to work on his farm.
- Teachers/head teachers using pupils without payment.
- Officer in charge at a prison using prisoners using his position.
- During campaigns, people campaign for some politicians, but when they are in power they forget
about people campaigned for them.

KEY WORDS: NEED FOR CO-OPARATION AT A PLACE OF WORK IN

ORDER TO COMPLETE ANY GIVEN WORK

EZRA 3: 7-9

- The people gave money to lay the stone mansons.

- And the carpenters and they gave food.
- Drink and olive oil to be sent to the cities of tyre Sidon
- In exchange for cedar trees from Labanon.
- This was brought by sea to Joppa.
- All this was done with the permission of Cyrus, Emperor of Persia.
- So in the second month of the year at the site of the Temple in Jerusalem.
- They began to work.
- Zerubbabel, Joshua and the fellow countrymen, preists, Levites and all who had come back to
Jerusalem joined in the work.
- All the Levites twenty years of age or older were put in charge of the work of rebuilding the
temple.
- The Levites, Joshua and his sons and his relatives and Kodmiel and his sons.
- Joined together in taking charge of the rebuilding of the temple.
- They were helped by the Levites of the clan of Henadad.

APPLICATION

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  USING THE ABOVE TEACHING, WHAT ADVICE WOULD U GIVE TO THE
GOVERNMENT ON THE DEVELOPMENTAL PROGRAMMES?
- The government should involve chiefs in developmental programmes.
- Local people should be involved in the projects e. g. employ local people to instill a sense of
ownership.
- Local people to be consulted on the type of project to be undertaken.
- Close monitoring to be initiated.
- Favourable conditions i.e. wages to be paid to those employed.
- Sensitizing people that development can only come through co-operation
- Forming co-operatives in village communities.
- Let the people understand the importance of individual contributions to community projects.
- Appoint supervisors in various community groups.
- Give initial capital to co-operatives.
BIBLE CONTENTS

PLEASE USE ONLY GOOD NEWS BIBLE

KEY WORDS: GOD WANTS TO USE WORK AS A MEANS OF DEVELOPING

OUR TALENTS

MATTHEW 25: 14-30

- The kingdom of heaven will be like this:

- Before leaving for a trip, a landowner put three servants in charge of his property according to
their abilities.
- The first received 5,000 coins, the second received 2, 000 and the third 1, 000.
- The first servant invested his coins and earned 5, 000.
- The second servant invested his coins and earned 2,000
- The third servant hid his 1, 000.
- The land owner came back and settled accounts.
- The first and second handed over their money doubled.
- The land owner said, “Well done good and faithful servants; be in charge of large amounts; share
my happiness”.
- The third said, “you are a hard man, you reap where you did not scatter seed so I hid your money
here it is.”
- The land owner said, “You are bad and lazy. You should have banked the money to receive
interest.
- Give this money to the first servant. He who has something, more will be forgiven to him.
- He who has nothing, even the little he has will be taken away. Threw the third servant in the
darkness; he will cry and grind his teeth”.

APPLICATION

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  EXPLAIN IN FOUR WAYS HOW A SCONDARY SCHOOL PUPIL CAN USE HIS/HER
TALENT TO HELP OTHERS IN SCHOOL
- Pupil who is good in subjects e. g Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry or CRE to help the less
fortunate ones or weak ones.
- Pupils who are good at organizing others e. g Jets, Debates, Choir to help others to do so.
- Pupils who are good in preaching to preach to others.
- Pupils who are good in sports i’e athletics, football to encourage others to improve.

KEY WORDS: GOD WANTS PEOPLE TO SERVE OTHERS THROUGH WORK

MATHEW 25: 31-46

- When the son of man comes as a king and all the angels with him, he will sit on his thrown.
- And people of all nations will be gathered before him.
- He will divide them in two groups just as the shepherd divides the sheep from the goats.
- He will put the righteous people on his right and the others on his left.
- Then, the king will say to the people on his right come you that are blessed by my father. come
and posses the kingdom which has been prepared for you ever since the creation of the world.
- I was hungry you fed me, thirsty you gave me a drink, I was naked you clothed me, I was sick the
and took care of me, in prison and you visited me, the righteous then will answer him and when
did we ever see you sick or in prison and visited you?
- Then the king will reply, “I tell you whenever you did that for one of the least important of these
brothers, you did it for me”.
- Then he will say to those on the left, “Depart from me, you who are cursed into the eternal fire
prepared for the devil and his angels.
- For I hungry and thirsty you gave me nothing to eat or to drink, I was a stranger and you did not
clothe me in, I needed clothe and you did not cloth me, I was sick and in prison and you did not
look after me,
- They will also answer, Lord, when did we see you hungry or thirsty or stranger or needed clothes
or sick or in prison and did not help you?
- He will reply, “I tell you the truth, whatever you did not do for one of the least of these you did
not do it for me.”
- Then they will go to eternal punishment, but the righteous to eternal life.

APPLICATION

 EXPLAIN IN FOUR WAYS HOW THE ZAMBIAN GOVERNMENT IS PUTTING THE

ABOVE IDEALS INTO PRACTICE?
- Welcoming refugees in Zambia and make settlement e. g Maheba refugee settlement.
- Giving relief food to places affected by drought or floods.
- Governments or NGO, sinking boreholes in places without water
- Constructions of health centers, clinics or hospitals and proving of drugs.
- Churches visiting prisons and preaching good news.
- Government through the churches donating clothes to vulnerable, orphans and widows.

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APPLICATION

 EXPLAIN IN FOUR WAYS HOW A SECONDARY SCHOOL PUPIL CAN PUT THE
ABOVE IDEALS INTO PRACTICE?
- Senior pupils e.g. Grade 12. Welcoming new pupils like grades 8 in school.
- Taking care of the sick friend or escorting him/her to the hospital or sick bay.
- ZYCS visiting prisons to spread the word of God.
- Assisting a friend whose pair of uniform has been stolen, if one has two or more.

KEY WORDS: PEOPLE ARE URGED TO ATTEND TO OTHER PEOPLE’S NEEDS

BEFORE THEY ATTEND TO THEIR OWN NEEDS AS ATTEDED

TO OTHER PEOPLE’S NEEDS FIRST

MARK 6:30-34

- The disciples returned and met with Jesus and told him all they had done and taught.
- They were so many people coming and going that Jesus and his disciples didn’t even have time to
eat.
- So he said to them, “Let us go off by ourselves to some place.
- Where we can be alone and you can rest for a while.”
- So they started out in a boat by themselves for a lonely place.
- Many people however, saw them leave and knew at once who they were.
- So they went from all the towns and ran ahead by land and arrived at the place ahead of Jesus and
his disciples.
- When Jesus went out of the boat, he saw this large crowd.
- And his heart was filled with pity for them, because they were like sheep without a shepherd. So
he began to teach them many things.

APPLICATION

 EXPLAIN HOW A YOUNG ZAMBIAN CAN PUT THE ABOVE IDEAS INTO
PRACTICE TODAY?
- A Zambian who is a teacher can sacrifice to give an extra lesson or tuition to examination classes
during holidays or weekends or when there is a strike.
- A Zambian who is a doctor or nurse on leave sacrificing to report for work during an emergence
or accident.
- A Zambian who is a pastor sacrifices to preach the word of God to his followers even when
he/she has a sick child.
- A politician who sacrifices to walk on foot because a vehicle has been broken down to address
meetings.

APPLICATION

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  EXPLAIN HOW A SECONDRY SCHOOL PUPIL CAN PUT THE ABOVE IDEAS INTO
PRACTICE TODAY?
- Sacrifices to escort friends to the hospital at night even though he wants to sleep.
- Sacrifices to help a friend in Mathematics even when he wants to study Geography.
- Sacrifices to clean the dormitory even if it is not time for Preventive Maintenance.
- Sacrifices to take food to a sick pupil.

MAJOR THEME: ORDER AND FREEDOM IN SOCIETY

SUB THEME: JUSTICE IN SOCIETY
DEFINITION OF TERMS

1. ORDER: Other words for order: Arrange, organize, correct, right, peace, neatness,
Careful, control, proper, co-operate, loyal, just, good, well etc
2. FREEDOM: Independence, right, duty, privilege, chance, peace, happiness, joy,
Want, unlimited, general, not biased, power etc

Initially freedom goes with order. Though there is freedom in the society yet there are rules and laws to
maintain order. In every society or group of people there are rules and regulations which the members are
expected to observe, so that they can achieve their goals. People need order in their lives as well as justice
and laws to help them enjoy freedom.

It is often easier to give examples of injustices than to try to give examples of justice.

- Justice is a work of fair treatment.

- Right and correct way of acting and behaving.

PRESENT SITUATION

- In present situation, justice means respect for the mutual rights of every individual.
- It is a situation where man is treated fairly as the one who has the right to live.
- Develop fully and his human dignity preserved both by self and the society.

PERSONAL EXPERIENCES OF INJUSTICE

- At one time or the other, we have all been treated unjustly sometimes due to our own fault and
sometimes because we are young.
- We are a different tribes, we are not in authority or because we are in authority.
- In schools pupils or students are unjustly treated by teachers or those in lower grades by those in
upper grades.
- In homes, some children are treated unjustly by parents especially the orphans. A story of Paul in
the text book for grade ten.

INJUSTICE WITHIN SOCIAL SYSTEM

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 - Sometimes justice is over looked socially and society as a whole determines that a certain
practice is justified where as in actual fact it is an unjust practice.
- Some acts have been passed by law and been authorised by the government though they are not
just e.g abortion in some countries have been permitted and clinics of hospitals have been set up
for this.
- In the present situation the following acts are considered justified while they are forms of
injustices.
1. Bribery: The offer of money or gift to bring about some usually illegal or
dishonest benefit to the giver.
2. Blackmail: It is a threat to expose discreditable information about someone to
obtain money of favour from him.
3. Abortion: Procuring a premature birth in order to destroy the baby, thus denying
the child’s right to life.
4. Nepotism: Showing unfair favour to relatives in allocating jobs, promotions,
loans etc
5. Tribalism: Showing unfair favour to members of one’s tribe in allocating jobs,
promotions, loans etc.
6. Absenteeism: Being away from work either very frequently or without good
reasons.
7. Violence: The unjust use of physical force which can result in injury, murder,
rape or war.
8. Incompetence: Lacking the ability to do the job at hand. This results in errors
that are expensive and damaging.
9. Indoctrination: A form of teaching which strives to close people’s minds
against the possibility of critical thought.
- Injustices can be found in all phases of life.
- We can see it in secondary schools e.g the tradition of harassing first year students
- In a family were a father mistreats his wife and children or in a family were a mother mistreats
her husband and children.
- However, everyone must do something to get rid of injustice because justice is always people’s
need to leave and develop fully.

Injustice is usually described as the breaking down of good relationship among people.

THE DIFFICULT OF DECIDING HOW TO ACT JUSTLY

- In human life we are bound to make up decisions.

- Sometimes it is very easy to make decisions.
- We are confronted with issues very difficult to decide.
- Some decisions can be taken to be made unjustly.
- There are times when each reason for only choice is worth and adequate but you are only given
one choice.
- Here it is very difficult to decide justly thus one has to look for priorities and goals of the
decision. Example on page 103-105 pupils CRE text book grade ten (old one).

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THE SEARCH FOR JUSTICE

- The search for justice demands an informed vision. If we are to become sincere in the search to
bring justice into our society. We must try to put personal feelings and opinions and then work at
arriving at an “informed vision” of what life should be like.
- This means to have all the necessary information, details, and truth about a certain subject or
problem (i.e informed).
- Vsion is that which is in the future what should be but may not be at the present,
- The following are the three steps to have an informed vision:-
1. We must try to understand and know how things are.
2. We must consider how they could be.
3. We must do something to make things better

CHAMPIONS OF JUSTICE

There have always been people in the world that have seen unjust situations in their societies and
have tried to put things right. Among those people are:

 Mahatma Ghandi -Albert Luthuli -Don Heilder Camara

 Martin Luther King (junior) -Chief Mosheshe

All the above believed strongly in liberating the poor from misery by non-violence means.

1. MAHATMA GHANDI: NON-VIOLENCE AND JUSTICE

- He was one of the modern world greatest and most successful reformer
- He lived a simple life and was deeply spiritual
- He shunned western clothes
- He eat no meat
- He drunk only goat’s milk and worked a spinning wheel
- He meditated on the meaning of life and the place of religion in it
- He pointed out that without purity of life all education and learning is just and a hindrance to true
progress of the world.
- He also stated that at the back of every word he uttered and every act there was a religious
consciousness, and a down-right religious motive.
- He believed that the way of political freedom was through personal freedom.
- Every individual had to arrive at an an inner freedom that only came from humility, good and
honest living, deep contemplation, prayer and total self- knowledge.
- Though this one is work can be used to free others
- With such belief Ghandi led a style of resistance to injustice in India called Satyagraha meaning
non-violence.
- He even obtained impendence for India though with sufferings, beatings and even imprisonment.
- He often said “ God is truth”
- That is to say the development of truth a non- violent fearlessness is indispensable.
- Fear is the sign of untruth and violence.
- Cowardice is born of fear and is the greatest of violence and bloodshed.
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 - Mahatma Ghandi’s conviction was that non-violence is the path to justice.
- He was assassinated in 1848 with a bullet.
2. CHIEL ALBERT LITHULI ( SOUTH AFRICA)
- He found Africa National Congress ANC in South Africa is his late forties.
- He was then elected president of the Natal Branch in 1952.
- Luthuli led the defiance campaign against unjust racialist law that separated non- whites from
whites.
- He encouraged his people (black) to enter door marked for whites; sit in offices and benches for
Europeans only using non-violence means.
- He finally became president General of ANC.
- In 1961, he was awarded the prestigious Noble peace Prize for the courage and commitment to
non-violence in seeking justice for his people.
3. DON HEILDER CAMARA (ARCHIBISHOP OF OLINDA IN BRAZIL)
- He was an Archbishop of Olinda and relief in Brazil.
- There was unequal distribution of wealth in Brazil.
- Wealth was only in the hands of few people.
- The majority of people lived in extreme poverty of sub- human conditions
- He openly spoke out against the government which kept the poorer.
- He believed in non-violence in resolving the problems.
- He encouraged people to protest peacefully.
4. MARTIN LUTHER KING JUNIOR (U.S.A)
- He was born in the city of Georgia in the U.S.A
- Both parents were religious people who taught him to have faith and trust in the almighty God.
- He however, suffered many humiliations and insults from the whites at an early age.
- Martin was enrolled at 17 years of age at more- House College.
- He wanted to study sociology but later changed his course to study Theology.
- Martin was ordained a Minister and appointed assistant Pastor of Ebenezer Church in the city of
Athlanta.
- He later began to fight for equality and dignity for the black Americans as the white segregated
them. He was insulted, spat at and even stabled but never revenged.
- He is often referred to the champion of love and non- violence.
- He received Noble peace Prize in Osio Norway on 10th December, 1964.
- He was unfortunately assassinated on 4th April, 1968.

THE COMMITMENT PLEDGE OF MARTIN LUTHER KING (TEN COMMANDMENTS)

1. Meditate dilly on the teaching and life of Jesus.

2. Remember always that the non-violent movement seeks on the justice and reconciliation not
victory.
3. Walk and talk in the in the manner of love, for God’s love.
4. Pray daily to be used by God in order that all men might be free.
5. Sacrifice personal wishes in order that all men must be free.
6. Observe with both friends and foe the ordinary rule of courtesy.
7. Seek to perform regular service for others and for the world.
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 8. Refrain from the violence of fist tongue or heart.
9. Strive to be in good spiritual and bodily health.
10. Follow the directions of the movement and of the captain on a demonstration.

To achieve justice and attain indifference, Mahatima Ghandi encourage his people to :-

 Demonstrate in streets.
 Refuse to work.
 Make their grievances know to the colonial government.
 To have no fear.

He used non-violent Satyagraha to fight injustice.

5. CHIEF MOSHESHE ( FOUNDER OF BASUTU NATION)

- He was outstanding for his effort to create peace in his country.
- For 30 years that he ruled, he worked at peace with his people and neighbours
- He is described as chief who never began war but only fights when attacked.
- He said that, peace is like the rain which refreshes the friends green but war is like the wind that
withers them.

A HUMANIST MUST WORK TOWARDS JUSTICE

As a humanist, Dr. Kenneth Kaunda the former president of Zambia stated that, a humanist must strive to
create conditions, not only in one state but also throughout the world in which violence will cease to be
the order of the day. Self violation of one’s spiritual and moral being

- Physical violence by the state against an individual and vice-versa.

- Physical violence between two states against another group of states.
- He continued to say that all should strive to bring about a state of affairs in which there is no
violence like division of race, colour, creed, tribe, religion and self poverty, hunger, ignorance,
crime, disease and exploitation of man, war, competing ideologies, over-large populations,
pollution and run-down finite resources.
- He summed up by quoting Jesus teaching, “They will be done as it is in heaven” for the will of
God to be done on earth.
- Human beings must learn to love their neighbours as they love themselves.
- And learn to do to others as they would love others to do to them.

THE TEACHING OF MOHAMMAD OF SOCIAL JUSTICE

- The master should not give his servant with work beyond his power.
- Whoever gets a loan should pay back the loan.
- Aims giving to be given to the poor.
- No back-biting or slandering.
- A wife should not be expelled from home unless with a proven crime.

TRADITIONAL IDEAS ABOUT JUSTICE

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 - Today in Zambia, there seems to be a growing emphasis on the individuals at the expensive of the
good of the community.
- In traditional society, the good of the community was far more important than any one individual.
- Community needs and harmony were closely linked with justice.
- Dr. Kaunda in his statement, the tribal community was a ‘ Mutual society’
- It was organized to satisfy the basic human needs of all its members and therefore, individualism
was discouraged which shows how important maintaining community satisfying needs and
creating harmony were more important in traditional society.
- It justice was to be preserved, most recourses such as land, animals (cattle) were communally
owned and administered by chiefs and village headmen for the benefit of everyone. The hungry
stranger would eat in the garden a banana, maize or cassava without a penalty.

FOUR IMPORTANT IDEAS ABOUT JUSTICE IN ZAMBIAN

- Justice is not concerned mostly with revenge or punishment.

- Reconciliation (restoration of judicial processes not punishment).
- Compensation (paying back).
- Harmony (living at peace with others in society)

TRADITIONAL BELIEFS AND PRACTICES THAT MIGHT BE CONSI DERED UNJUST

- There are four types of injustices which existed and at times still exist in Zambian traditional
society.
- Harsh treatment of the insane and crippled
- Mistrust of member of a different tribe than ours.
- Being jealous of someone who prospers materially.
- Witch- hunting (belief in witchcraft and mistreating of wizards

SLAVERY IN THE EARLY CHURCH

- The Church contributed to justice through the abolishment of slavery.

- The Church soon started discouraging the institution of slavery.
- Within the Church, there was no difference between the slave and freemen all were equal in
Christ.
- Christians were encouraged to free their slaves.
- Several free slaves became dedicated Christians some even became Bishops and priests,
- One became pope in the third century- CALLISTUS
- In Church, marriages between slaves were just valid as those of freemen although in Roman laws
the slaves had no rights in marriage.
- However, there was a time when the Church was becoming rich and powerful through the gifts
from those who owned slaves and death lift money and properly to the Church.
- The Bishop and the clergy in these Churches did not want to change the position; as they also
benefited from the money given to the Church.
- To question slavery is to question that which made it position for the rich to live comfortably.
- Protest about slavery was therefore, discouraged.

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THE AFRICAN SLAVE TRADE

- In the fifteenth century, Portuguese made their way along the coast of Africa to India.
- They found gold in Africa and started to trade with the slaves.
- The slaves were taken to Brazil and elsewhere in America to work on the forms and plantations
- The slaves suffered as they went in slave ships to cross the Atlantic Ocean and many died on the
way.
- For centuries before these African slaves had been taken, North across the Sahara and sold to the
Arabs on the slave markets of North Africa.
- Some Christians especially priests, involved themselves in helping the slaves and tried to talk to
slave owners and tried to talk to slave owners to stop this type of injustice.
- The greatest friend the slaves in America was:- St. Peter Claver a Spanish priest who spent his
whole life trying to help slave.
- Giving them food, medicine and teaching them Christian faith through interpreter catechists.
- He visited the mines and plantations where they worked.
- Though he met oppositions, he never gave up. (He worked for 40 years)
- He arranged care for the sick and used to pray with them.

INJUSTICES FOUND IN AFRICAN SLAVE TRADE

- Depopulations many were killed.

- Hunger and starvation: people did not have enough food.
- Destruction to property and food were destroyed, e.g crops, houses etc.
- Introduction of a new disease: slave traders brought in a new disease such as syphilis.
- Loss of identity, people captured as slaves were separated from relatives and friends.
- Insecurity; people lived in constant fear of Slave Traders.
- Collapse of kingdoms; some Kingdoms were attacked and ceased.

ZAMBIAN CHRISTIANS WHO TRIED TO REMOVE INJUSTICE

- When we think of injustice in Zambia on a national scale.

- We naturally first of colonial rule and the humiliation our people had to go through before
gaining independence.
- We think of all those who suffered on our behalf.
- The birth of the congress in 1948 was a land mark in our political development.
- In 1951 it became known as Northern Rhodesia Africa National Congress (A. N.C) its president
was Harry Nkumbula.
- Years later the imposition of federation on the people, Donald Siwale had his words to say about
the so called Partnership mentioned in the preamble of the federal constitution.
- “Then they thought of partnership. That was their teaching. But then something strange happened.
We heard that Africans were the junior partners, we said, look here, you did not bring money
here, but you found it in our soil, we should be the first partners”.
- In October, 1958, Zambia National Congress was formed but quickly banned and many leaders
were put in jail.
- Shortly after UNIP was formed.
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 - In 1960, Kaunda was released from jail as he was put there for his the injustices of colonial rule
and Federation.
- He worked tirelessly marking people aware of their rights and to drum up opposition to the plain
of Federation.
- In March 1963, Nkumbula burned the British white paper of Federation and called for two days
of National Prayer.
- Throughout political struggle, the leaders of A.N.C and UNIP felt back on Christian principles to
defend their opposition. At times the Church was not zealous for independence as were the
Christian leaders of different political parties that existed at that time.
- They were convinced that freedom and justice for their people were worth fighting for because of
the teachings of their Christian on social justice.
- It was that same faith that gave leaders like Kenneth Kaunda, Harry Nkumbula and Kapwepwe
the strength and courage to continue the fight for independence which was finally achieved on
24th October, 1964.

BIBLE CONTENTS

KEY WORDS: THE HEBREWS ARE REMIND NOT TO ILL TREAT THE WIDOWS,

ORPHANS, FOREIGNERS AND THE POOR IN THE SOCIETY

EXODUS 22: 21-27; 23: 1-8

- Do not oppress foreigners

- Do not ill treat widows and orphans
- If you do, I the Lord, will hear them and kill you in war.
- Your wives will become widows and your children fatherless.
- If you lend money to the poor, do not ask interest
- If you take someone’s clock as a pledge, give it back before sunset.
- Because he needs it as a blanket. If you don’t,
- I will hear his cries; I am merciful.
- Do not spread rumors; give no false evidence.
- Do not wrong, do not pervert justice.
- Show no partiality to a poor man at his trial.
- Take an enemy’s stray cow or donkey back to him.
- Help an enemy’s donkey to its feet.
- Give justice to a poor man in court.
- I shall condemn a person who makes false accusations or put an innocent man to death.
- Accept no bribe because this harms the innocent.

APPLICATION

 WITH REFERENCE TO THE ABOVE PASSAGE HOW CAN THE IDEA BE APPLIED
IN ZAMBIA TODAY.
- Foreigners who come in Zambia are treated equally.

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 - Widows and orphans are protected through the inheritance act.
- Victim support unit also protects widows and orphans from property grabbers.
- Lending institutions such as Banks should not demand for higher rates of interest when poor
people borrow.
- Judges in the court of laws should not be corrupt and discriminate the poor etc,

KEY WORDS: AN IMPORTANT POLITICAL LEADER (KING DAVID) USED

HIS POSITION TO BRING ABOUT AN INJUSTICE

2 SAMUEL 12:1-13

- Nathan said to David, there were two men, one rich the other one poor.
- The rich man had cattle and sheep.
- The poor man one lamb, which he treated like a daughter.
- The rich man took the poor man’s lamb to feed the visitor.
- David said, the rich man ought to die and pay back four times as much as he took.
- Nathan said, ‘you are that man’.
- God said, I made you king, saved you from Saul, gave you the kingdom and wives.
- Why did you have Uriah killed in the battle by the Amorites and then took his wife.
- Because of this your descendant will die violently,
- A member of your family will bring you trouble.
- Your wives will be given to another man who will have intercourse with them in day light.
- You sinned in secrete but this will happen in day light.

APPLICATION

 WITH REFERENCE TO THE PASSAGE, EXPLAIN HOW A LEADER CAN BEHAVE

LIKE DAVID/ AHAB.
- A leader who is a Member of Parliament (MP) misuse the money meant for his/her constituency
for own self motives.
- A minister who uses his position to employ his relatives and children
- District Commissioner who uses his/her position to sleep with someone’s wife with a promise of
employment.
- A president who uses government resources to develop his home area/ province.

OTHER EXAMPLES CONCERNING YOUNG ZAMBIAN

- A teacher who uses his position to have sex with school girls/boys/
- Head teacher who uses his/her position to offer a place to his or her relatives.
- An accountant in the bank or bursar using position to steal money.
- Village headmen/ chiefs using authority to sell land to foreigners.

SECONDARY SCHOOL PREFECT

- Using position to be a friend to new pupils i.e grade 10 in order to get food stuffs.

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 - Using position to propose love to girls/boys even threatening themselves using position to punish
enemies.
- Using position to go out of bounds but punishes those found out of bounds etc.

KEY WORDS: HEBREWS ARE REMINDED THAT OBSERVING RELIGIOUS

PRACTICES WITHOUT BEING JUST TO THE PEOPLE IS UN
ACCEPTABLE TO GOD. JUST TREATMENT TO OTHERS IS
IMPORTANT

AMOS 5: 21-25

- The lord said I hate your religious festivals; I cannot stand them when you bring me offerings and
grain offerings.
- I will not accept your burnt offerings, your grain or animals.
- Stop your songs; I don’t listen to your harps.
- Let justice flow like a stream and righteousness like a river.
1. ISAIAH:1:10-17
KEY WORDS: PROPHET ISAIAH HAS THE SAME MESSAGE AS AMOS
ACTS OF WORSHIP AND PRAYER ARE NOT PRASING TO
GOD UNLESS ACCOMPAINED BY SINCERE DESIRE TO BE
JUST IN EVERYTHING
- Jerusalem, your ruler and the people are like those of Sodom and Gomorra.
- Listen to what the Lord is saying to you.
- Pay attention to what our god is teaching you.
- He says, do you think I want sacrifices you keep offering to me.
- I have had more enough of the sheep you burn as sacrifice and the fat of your fine aw.
- I am tired of the blood of bulls, goats and sheep.
- Who told you to bring all this tramping about in my temple?
- It is less to bring your offering, am disgusted with the smell of incense you burn.
- I cannot stand your new moon festival; your Sabbath and religious gathering are all corrupted by
your sin.
- I hate your new moon and festival and holy days. They are a burden that I am tired bearing.
- When you lift your hands in prayer, I will not look at you, no matter how much you pray, I will
not listen for your hands are covered with blood
- Wash yourselves clean; stop all this evil that I see you doing. Yes, stop doing evil.
- And learn to do right, see that justice is done help those are oppressed, give orphans their right
and defend widows.

KEY WORDS: THE HEBREWS ARE REMINDED THAT OBEYING LAWS ALONE IS
NOT ENOUGH JUSTICE

ISAIAH 58:1-10

- The Lord says, shout as loud as you can, tell my people of Israel about their sins.
- They worship me everyday clamming that they are eager to know my ways and obey my laws.

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 - They say they want me to give them just laws and that they take pleasure in worshipping me.
- The people asked why we should fast when the lord never notices. Why should we go without
food if he pays no attention?
- The lord said to them, the truth is that the same time as you fast, you pursue your own interests
and oppress your workers.
- Your fasting makes you violet and quarrel and fight.
- Do you think this kind of fasting will make me listen to your prayers?
- When you fast you make yourselves suffer, you bow your heads like a blade of grass and spread
out sack cloth and ashes to lie on.
- Is that what you call fasting? Do you think I will be pleased with that?
- What kind of fasting is this, remove the chains of oppression and yoke of injustice and let the
chains of oppression go free.
- Share your food with the hungry; open your homes to homeless poor people
- Give clothes to those who have nothing to wear and do not refuse to help your own relatives.
- Then my favour will shine on you like the morning sun and your wounds will be healed quickly.
- I will always be with you on every evil word.
- When you pray, I will answer you, when you call I will respond. If you put an end to oppression
to every gesture of contempt and to every evil word.
- If you give food to those who are hungry and those who are in need, then the darkness around you
will turn to the brightness of noon need.

APPLICATION

 GOD REJECTING SACRIFICES FROM THE HEBREWS

- Christians who give money to the Church but refused to help those in need i.e orphans
- Christians gave contributions of food to the Church but refused to help the neighbour
- Christians give money to the Church as offering but refused to give money to the dependent to
pay school fees.
- Christians who refused to look after relations who refused to look after relations who are orphans
are willing to donate to the Church

KEY WORDS: THE COMING OF THE NEW KING JESUS THE MESSIAH
WHO WILL BRING TRUE JUSTICE

ISAIAH 11:1-5

- But the royal line of David is like a tree that has been cut down.
- But just as the new branches sprout from a stump.
- So a new king will arise from David’s descendents.
- And the spirit of the lord will give wisdom
- And the knowledge and the skills of a ruler of his people.
- He will know the Lord’s will and honour him.
- And will pleasure in obeying him.
- He will not judge by appearance or hearsay.
- He will judge the poor fairly.
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 - And defend the rightful helpless.
- At his command, the people will be punished.
- Evil persons will die.
- He will rule his people with justice and integrity

APPLICATION

 GOD REMINDING THE HEBREWS THAT FOLLOWING THE LAWS ALONE IS

DOING INJUSTICE. EXAMPLES:
- Christians who want to attend Church services every Sabbath but not visit the sick in hospital.
- Christians who are eager to follow God’s commandments but sends away dependants.
- Christians seen in Church in uniforms but practice Satanism and witchcraft.
- Christians who attend every Church function but fail to show love to neighbours and friends.

APPLICATION

 HOW ZAMBIAN LEADERS CAN BE HELPED BY A BIBLE PASSAGE ISAIAH 11:1-5

TO RECTIFY UNJUST CONDITIONS IN OUR COUNTRY
- They would institute laws to defend the right of those who are hopeless.
- They would know they have to obey the Lord and keep his commandments.
- There would be justice and integrity in their dealings.
- They would not judge their people by hearsay or appearance.

Narrate a passage from the Old Testament in which a King did not respect the value of life and
property. 1 Kings 21:1-21
- Near King Ahab’s palace in Jezreel, there was a vineyard owned by a man named
- Naboth.
- One day Ahab said to Naboth, “Let me have the vineyard, it is close to my palace, I
- want to use it for a vegetable garden.
- I will give you a better vineyard for it. If you prefer, I will pay you a fair price.
- “I inherited this vineyard from my ancestors,” Naboth said to him.
The Lord forbids that I should let you have it.
 Ahab went home depressed and high over what Naboth said to him.
 He lay down on his bed facing the wall and would not eat.
 His wife Jezebel went to him and asked, “Why are you depressed?”
 Why won’t you eat?
 He answered, because of what Naboth said to me.
 Well aren’t you the King? Jezebel asked. Get out of bed cheer.
 I will get Naboth’s vineyard.
 Then she wrote some letters, signed them with Ahab’s name and sealed them with
his seal.
 Proclaim a day of fasting call Naboth and give him a place of honour.
 Get a couple of scoundrels to accuse him of cursing God and the king.
 Then take him out of the city and stone him to death.
 The officials and the leading citizens of Jezreel did what Jezebel
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 commanded………………….
APPLICATION
Using ideas from the passage show how a leader can fail to practice justice towards his
people.
 Someone taking his subordinate’s wife using his position.
 Someone forging documents in order to put his people in trouble.
 Someone murdering the people that oppose him.
 Someone who is envious of his people’s possessions etc.

KEY WORDS: JESUS GIVES WARNING TO THE PEOPLE TO BE AWARE OF THE

TEACHERS OF THE LAW AND PHARISEES AS THEY WERE
HYPOCRITES.

MARK 12:38-40

- A large number was listening to Jesus gladly.

- As he taught them, he said, watch out with the teachers of the law and Pharisees
- Who like to walk around in the long robes and be greeted with respect in the market places?
- Who choose reserved seats in the Synagogue and best places at feasts
- They take advantage of the widows and rob their homes.
- And make show of making long prayers.
- Their punishment will be all the worst

KEY WORDS: JESUS GIVES WARNING TO THE PEOPLE TO BE AWARE

OF THE TEACHERS OF THE LAW AND PHARISEES AS THEY WERE
HYPOCRITES.

MATTHEW 23: 1-4, 23

- Then Jesus spoke to his people and his disciples

- The teachers of the law and the Pharisees are the authorized interpreters of Moses’ laws.
- So you must obey and follow everything they tell you to do.
- Do not imitate their actions because they do not practice what they preach.
- They lie on to people’s back loads that are heavy and hard to carry.
- Yet they are not even willing to lift a finger to help them carry these loads.
- How terrible of you teachers of the law and Pharisees. You hypocrites, you give to God a tenth
mint, but …………….
- You neglect to obey the real important teaching of the law such as justice and mercy and honesty.
- These you should practice without neglecting the others.

APPLICATION

 WITH REFERENCE TO THE ABOVE PASSGES, EXPLAIN HOW CHURCH LEADERS

TODAY CAN BEHAVE IN A SIMILAR MANNER.
- Preach to follows against witchcraft but instead trust in witchcraft.
- Preaching on the need to look after the Church money but instead steal the same Church money.
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 - Preaching on the need to look after the orphans but ill treat dependants/ orphans
- Preaching against adultery but caught committing adultery.

KEY WORDA: TEACHING ABOUT THE LAW

MATTHEW 5: 21-48

- So if your right hand causes you to sin, take it and throw it away. It is much better to lose one part
of your body than to have your whole body and thrown and go to hell
- It was said, anyone who divorces his wife must give a written notice of divorce.
- But I now I tell you, if a man divorce his wife, for any cause other than her infidelity, and then he
is guilty of making her commit adultery if she marries again and the man who marries her commit
adultery too.
- You have heard people were told in the past do not break the promise but do what you vowed to
the Lord to do.
- But now I tell you, do not use vow when you make a promise. Not swear by heaven for is God’s
throne.
- Nor by the earth for it is a resting place of his feet, nor by Jerusalem for it is the city of the great
king
- Do not swear by your head because you cannot make a single hair white or black.
- Just say no or yes- anything else you say comes from evil one.
- You have heard that it was said, an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth.
- But now I tell you, do not take revenge on someone who wronged you. If anyone slaps you on
your left chick let him slap you on the right chick too.
- If anyone takes you a court to sue you for a shirt, let him take a coat too.
- If anyone of the occupation troops force you to carry his pack one kilometer cary it for two
kilometers.
- When someone asks you for something, give it to him, when someone wants to borrow something
lend it to him.
- You have heard that it was said love your friend and hate your enemy.
- So that you may become the son of God in heaven.
- For he makes his sunshine on the bad and good people alike and brings the rain to those who do
well and to those who do evil.
- Why should God reward you if you only love the people who love you, if you only love the
people who love you, even the tax collectors do that.
- You must be perfect just as your father in heaven if perfect.

APPLICATION

 EXPLAIN HOW A SECONDARYPUPIL CAN HELP TO CREATE MORE JUSTICE BY

FOLLOWING THE LAWS OF MOSES.
- Prefects to give punishment to pupils’ equivalent to the offence committed.
- Perfects to speak the truth every time at the administration and to follow pupils.
- Prefects to learn to forgive those who wrong them.
- Perfects forgive first offenders or minor offences.
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 - Prefects not to gets advantage of girls in school.

APPLICATION

 HOW ZAMBIANS CAN HELP TO CREATE MORE JUSTICE IN SOCIETY IF THEY

FOLLOW THE LAW OF JESUS.
- People learn how to forgive those who wrong them
- People learn to tell the truth even in the court of law.
- People learn to love enemies and forgive them.
- People need to admit the wrongs that they have done.

Give the content of a passage from Luke’s Gospel in which Jesus teaches about judging others
unjustly. Luke 18:9-14

 Jesus also told this parable to the people who were sure of their own goodness and
despises everybody else.
 Once there were two men who went into the temple to pray.
 One was a Pharisee and the other one a tax collector.
 The Pharisee stood by himself and prayed.
 I thank you God that I am not greedy, dishonest or an adulterer like everybody else.
 I thank you that I am not like that tax collector over there
 I fast two days a week and I give you tenth of my income.
 But the tax collector stood at a distance.
 And would not raise his face to heaven.
 Beat his breast and said, God have mercy on me a sinner.

APPLICATION

From the above passage, give four examples of how one can judge other people’s behavior
unjustly.
 One can condemn a person who does not go to church, but himself a womanizer.
 One can condemn someone who does not belong to any religious group but himself
belong to such because of girl/boy friend.
 One can condemn people who belong to other religions without understanding their
way of praying.
 One can be driven by prejudice thinking all politicians are corrupt

KEY WORK: THE TREATMENT OF PEOPLE ACCORDING TO OUTWARD

APPEARANCE IN AN INJUSTICE

JAMES: 2 1-19

- My brother and sisters as believers in our Lord Jesus Christ, the Lord of Glory: you must never
treat people in different ways according to their outward appearance
- Suppose a rich man wears a gold ring and fine clothes come to your meeting and a poor man in
rugged clothes comes.
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 - If you show more respect to the well dressed man and says have the best seat here.
- But say to a poor man, stand over there, or sit here on the floor by my feet.
- Then you are guilty of creating distinctions amongst yourselves making judgment based on
outward.
- Listen my dear brother, the poor of this world will be rich and posses the kingdom which has
been prepared for those he love.
- But you dishonor the poor who are those ones you oppress and dragged before the judge.
- The rich are the one who speak evil of that good name given to you.
- You will be doing well if you obey the kingdom which is found in the scripture of love your
neighbour as you love yourself.
- But if you treat people according to the out word appearance, you are quilt of sin and the law
considers you as a law breaker.
- Whoever breaks the commandment is guilty of breaking the all.
- For the same one who says, do not commit adultery also says commit murder.
- Speak and act as people who will be judged by the law that sets free.
- For God will not show mercy when he judges a person who has not been merciful, but mercy
triumph over judgment.
- My brothers, want good is it for someone to say faith if his actions do not prove it?
- Suppose there are brothers and sisters and do not have enough to eat.
- What good is there in your saying to them God bless you keep warm and eat as well, if you dot
give the necessities of life.
- So it is with faith, it is alone and include no action then it is dead.
- But someone will say, one person has faith and the other has actions, tell me how anyone can
have faith without actions, I will show you my faith by action.
- Do not believe that there is one God. Good demands believe and tremble with fear.

APPLICATION

 EXPLAIN HOW GOVERNMENT LEADERS CAN HE HELPED WITH THE

TEACHING OF JAMES:
- They should learn to treat the rich and the poor equally.
- Provide necessities e. g food, water, clothes to both rich and poor.
- No special rules for rice and poor.
- Increment of wages/ salaries not to very so much between the poor and the rich.

MAJOR THEME: LIFE

SUB THEME: UNENDING LIFE
PRESENT SITUATION

Death is the fact of life. All of us will die one day. There are various attitudes and reactions to death
that people have in Zambia:

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 - Witchcraft -Jealousy -No life after death -Death is the end of everything
- There is the form of life after death

SOME MODERN BELIEFS CONCERING LIFE AFTER DEATH

- Some people will not accept thing which can only prove scientifically.
- Heaven and hell are ideas used to frighten people in to doing well or avoiding evil.
- It is important to live well with people to be remembered is very important.
- There is no question of life after death, what is important is to enjoy oneself now.
- Heaven is a place you find all good things of life.
- Hell is the place of torture and punishment.
- Heaven and hell are truth of faith not science.
- When a person suffers, they needed the idea of heaven and hell to give the hope of the better
future.

CHANGES OF THE ATTITUDES TOWARDS DEATH AND FUTURE

CHANGE ATTITUDES TOWARDA DEATH AND FUTURE

- Infancy -fear of losing the mother

- Three years old - fear of displeasing the mother and the father

- School age - death is feared as well as ghosts and grave yards

- Adolescents - do not want to think about death, it could not

happen to them.

- Late adolescence - fear death as it might deny them of what might

happen in future.

27 years on wards - fear death because they have no time to prepare

For it.

- 50 years and above - do not fear death as the future is no longer in front.

DISCUSS THE ATTITUDE TOWARDS DEATH AMONG SCHOOL AGE CHILDREN AND
LATE ADOLESCENTS.

1. SCHOOL CHILDREN : The future is far away, but I want to be useful when it comes
: Death is feared as are ghost and grave yards

2. LATE ADOLESCENCE: The future is exciting and frightening

: I want to be successful but I fear I might fail

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 : I want to marry but I fear we might not continue to be happy

: Death is terrible as it might take away the person I want to

be always with

: Death might deny me the happiness I know I will have in the

future but which has not yet come.

HINDU REINCARNATION

REBIRTH (SAMSARA)

- Hindus belief in rebirth or transmigration of souls

- When a person dies, the soul passes into another body and begin a new life.
- Time conceived as going round in the endless circles it has no beginning and no end.
- It is a constant circle of birth and death it’s an ending.
- The person who is reborn has no memory of the other life
- Liberation is attaining (MOKSHA) when the soul is united with Brahman.
- Believe in resurrection then Day of Judgment.
- God will the good and punish the poor.

STATE FOUR IDEAS THAT ARE FOUND IN THE CONCEPT OF HINDU REINCARNATION

- Hindus believe in rebirth or transmigration of the soul

- After death, the soul passes into another body and begin a new life
- Hindus believe that time goes round and round in endless circles
- A person who is reborn normally has no memory of previous existence
- State four ideas that explain Christian concept of heaven
- Heaven is not a place as understood in the physical sense
- It is a state of being at peace with oneself and with God
- People, who admit their mistakes, choose the freedom of caring and respect love are at peace with
their conscience.
- The joy of heaven cannot be described as it is beyond deepest imagination.

LIST FOUR IDEAS ABOUT CONSCIOUSNESS IN HINDUISM.

- The person who is reborn generally has no memory of previous existence.

- As a person lives and accts his character is formed.
- While he cannot remember everything he does each action forms him and his world in a lasting
way.
- When he acts or does something he makes a change in the world.
- At the same time the action changes that person inside in that it forms his character.
- The process continues over again until it reaches completion.

STATE FOUR MUSLIM BELIEFS CONCERNING THE RESURRECTION OF THE DEAD

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 - Creation is the result of God’s true decision
- Allah will restore life in a new creation
- With the resurrection comes judgment
- The good will have happiness
- The bad will suffer
- To ask when the resurrection will come is a sigh n of unbelief
- The resurrection will come whether we believe or not
- All one’s deeds will be revealed

WHAT MOURNING AND BURIAL CUSTOM EXPRESS

- When one dies he entered the world of the sprits.

- Death is feared.
- One becomes an ancestral spirit
- But remains part of the family
- Become a mediator between God and the living.
- Names of the dead are given to the children
- Items like cups, plates are put in that they will use them in the world of the spirits.

ZAMBIAN MYTHS

1. Kaonde: Guide the three pots God gave it to take to the people one pot contains
diseases, cruel animals and death.

2. Chewa Death: Had come because the hair twisted the message God sent to the
people through the chameleon.

3. Lozi: Death come into the world because man was competing with God and killing
God’s creatures

WHO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR DEATH

- God as he is seen as the master of life and death

- All natural death are attributed to him

- Witchcraft and bad spirit

- A natural death is that of ripe old age

- Natural death explains how people die but does not explain why.

- Relative of the deceased go to the diviner to find solution.

SPIRITS

Tonga (Ceelo): They wonder above to do evil and kill people from the community to which they
belonged.

Lozi (Silumba): Witches will kill people and force their spirits to work for them at night
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Bemba (Kabee, musonda,chishimba):Spirits are associated to hells waterfall or large rocks.
these are not evil spirits.

Bemba (Amalomba): An evil person can obtain a secrete creature which is like a snake with a
human face. If it killed even the master dies.

Luvale (Vanoumba): These are spirits possessed by witches which kill people from time to
time.

Tonga (Basungu): People possessed by spirits are called Basungu, they control rain shrines.

ANCESTRAL VENERATION

- Ancestral Sprits were given respect in the following ways

- Spirits are given respect because they believed that they are mediator between god and the people

- Offering gift to them

- Asking for favor from them

- Giving names to the new born babies’

- Building spirits hurts for them.

- Brewing beer in their honor.

MENTION FOUR WAYS IN WHICH ANCESTORS WERE VENERATED IN TRADITIONAL

AFRICA SOCIETIES

- Naming children after them -Asking favour of them -Offering gifts to them
- Build spirit huts for them -Brewing beer in their honor
- Whispering massage to those who have just died to deliver them to the spirit.

GIVE FOUR IDEAS ABOUT WHO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR DEATH ACCORDING TO AFRICAN
BELIEFS

- God is seen as the master of death as he is the master of life.

- All material deaths are attributed to him.
- Natural death is that of a good and ripe old age.
- Other deaths are attributed to the destructive activities of sorcerers and bad spirits.
- Death in the prime of one’s life is abnormal and thus cannot be the work of God but of wizards
and sorcerers.
- One exception is the death of a child who has not yet been given a name or over whom no rite has
been performed to introduce him/her into the community.
- Natural causes explain how a person dies but they don’t explain why

Early Christians did not fear death

- Apostles preached that Jesus was with them and noting not even death can separate them.
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 - Thought Jesus life death and resurrection death was no longer something to be feared.

- At Pentecost, the apostles received the Holy Spirit

GOD REVEALS HIMSELF TO MANKIND THROUGH HIS HOLY SPIRIT

- By showing how faithful God is to his promises

- By his teaching and miracles, offering a way to live more fully

- By promising his caring presence to the end

- By promising to offer friendship even to the enemies’

- By offering unending life now and after death.

GOD REVEALS HIMSELF TO MANKIND THROUGH HIS HOLY SPIRIT

- By creating to human being the ability to respond to his offer of friendship.

- By making it possible for them to love God and to love their fellow humans being as Jesus.

- By making it possible for them to make Jesus the lord and master.

FEAR OF DEATH

- Some wrong ideas about God

- They never trusted that God was a good shepherd.

- They feared God’s punishment and great fear of death began.

MIDDLE AGE

- Life was more insecure because of many wars and epidemics in the Roman Empire.

- Christians lost their trust in God‘s of salvation.

- Fear of God’s severe judgment.

THE REFORMATION PERIOD

- Martin Luther reminded his follow that God’s free gift is something that we not earn ourselves

- He asks people to trust in God’s goodness and care.

- Some people believed that since God is all powerful, he knows everything and controls al things.

- Despite these reforms; some wrong understanding continued, for example predestination.

- This theory is false because it makes God to be cruel.

- God offers each person a gift of salvation and his own spirit. But separates the freedom of an
individual to choose heaven or hell

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PREACHERS OF FEAR

In the 19th century they began (gospel preaching)

- some preachers claim at frightening people into becoming Christians

- so the preaching of Christianity did not bring people relief from fear nor was it preached with
respect for peoples dignity and freedom that so characterized the life of Jesus

THE JOY OF LIFE AFTER DEATH

- The church is re-emphasizing the joy of now and after death and not punishment

- New scientific knowledge creates deeper understanding of heaven and hell as a state of being
rather than physical places

- A study of scriptures and forms of prayers are keeping Christians to experience god’s care, trust
and love

- Psychological studies in human development brings a deeper understanding and awareness of

maturity and death

- The modern technology development is making material life for people more secure

- Understanding life is seen as power within a person here and now

CHRISTIAN UNDERSTANDING

Death, heaven, hell and judgment are known as the four last things

Death power until all the senses, the heart and the brain stop functioning

is lessening of our physical

- It is not the end of life but entrance into a deep union with a new source of life

- At death, one knows the deepest truth of existence

Judgment

- a person is responsible for making or destroying himself or herself

- it is not God who judge but people are judged by their own conscious and God accepts the verdict

Heaven

- heaven cannot be called a physical place but a state of being at peace with oneself and God

- people are at peace with their conscious

- one finds oneself embraced by God

- the joy of heaven cannot be explained as it is beyond our understanding

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 - even though people have made mistakes, they have chosen the freedom of caring and loving

Hell

- this is a state of being in pain

- a state of fire that never goes out
- hell comes as a result of bad actions
- when one refuses to respect his conscious
- God never sends people to
- hell but gives them free will

STATE FOUR IDEAS ABOUT THE CONCEPT OF HEEL IN CHRISTIANITY

- Hell is a state of being in pain

- Hell is a state of fire that never goes out
- Hell comes as a result of bad behaviours
- God never sends people to hell but gives them free will

DISCUSS THE CONCEPT OF HELL IN CHRISTIANITY

- Hell being the state of pain.

- Hell being a place of fire that never goes out
- Hell comes as a result of bad actions
- When one refuses to respect his conscience.
- God never sends people to tell hell but gives them free will

KEY WORDS: GIVE THE PASSAGE IN WHICH KING HEZEKIAH GIVES US AN

EARLY UNDERSTANDING OF LIFE AFTER DEATH.

ISAIAH 38:9-20

- After Hezekiah recovered from his illness he wrote this song of praise
- I thought in the prime of life. I was going to the world of the dead
- Never to live out my life
- That in this world of the living I would never see the lord or any living person
- My life was cut off and ended
- Like a tent taken down/cloth cut from a room
- All night I cried out with pains as felon was ending my life
- My voice was weak, and thin I moaned like a dove
- My eyes were tired from looking to heaven
- Lord rescue me form all the trouble
- But what can I say the lord has done this to me
- Lord I will live for you alone hear me and let me live again
- My bitterness will turn into peace
- You save me form danger forgive all my sins
- The dead cannot trust in you
- It is the living who praise you as i do now
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 - I father tell my children how faithful you are
- Lord you have healed me
- We will play harps and sing praise in your temple as long as we live.

APPLICATION

 USING THE IDEAS IN THE TEXT, SHOW HOW PEOPLE TODAY FEAR DEATH
- A person suffering from terminal illness, AIDS, CANCER, TB, which has no cure
- A person worried about family responsibility
- A young person with higher responsibility
- A young person with higher ambitions may not welcome death
- Newly married couple or newly employed person or someone who has just acquired something in
life.
DANIEL 12: 1-3 KEY WORDS: RESSURECTION OF THE DEAD

- the angel wearing a linen clothes said,

- “at that time the angel Michael will appear then there will be a time of trouble

- When that time comes all the people of the nation whose names are written in God’s book will
saved

- Many of those who have already died will live again

- Some will enjoy eternal life, and some will suffer eternal disgrace

- The wise leaders will shine with all the brightness like the sky

- And those who have taught people to do right will shine like stars forever”

KEY WORDS: GOD WILL NOT ABANDON US (A PRAYER OF PROTECTION PSALMS 16

- Protect me o lord I trust you for safety you are my lord

- All the good things I have, come from you

- How excellent are God’s faithful people?

- These who rush to other gods bring many troubles on themselves

- I will not worship their gods’

- Lord you give all I have and you give all that I need, my future is in your hands

- How wonderful are your gifts to me!

- I praise the lord because he guides me

- I am always aware of God’s presence and I feel completely secure because you protect me from
the power of death

- And the one you love will not abandon to the world of the dead
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 - Your presence feels with joy and brings me pleasure forever

APPLICATION

 DISCUSS SOME OF THE THINGS THAT GIVES MAN THE GREATEST JOY.

- God is able to protect his people from the power of death.

- He is the lord who loves his people.

- He is the God who gives his people what they want.

- He guides and protects people from the troubles.

KEY WORD: GIVE THE CONTENT FROM THE BOOK OF JOHN WHICH SHOWS
JESUS’ POWER OVER DEATH

JOHN 11: 11-44

- Jesus said this and then added, our friend Lazarus had fallen asleep
- But I will go and wake him up.
- The disciples answered if he is asleep. Lord, he will get well.
- Jesus meant that Lazarus had died but they thought he meant natural sleep.
- So Jesus told them plainly, Lazarous is dead
- But for your sake I am glad that I was with him
- So that you will believe, let us go to him
- Thomas said to the disciples; let us all go with the teacher so that we may die with him.
- When Jesus arrived he found Lazarous had been buried for four days before .
- Bethany was less than 3 km from Jerusalem.
- Many had come to see Martha and Mary to comfort them over their brother’s death.
- When he arrived Martha said to him, if you had been here my brother would not have death.
- Jesus said to her, but I know even now
- God will give you whatever you ask him for.
- Your brother will rise to life.
- I know that he will rise on the last day, Martha replied
- Jesus said to her, I am resurrection and life, those who believe in me will live, even though they
die. Do you believe?
- Yes lord, she answered, I believe that you are the messiah, the Son of God who was to come into
the world.
- Martha went in to tell her sister about Jesus, and she immediately went out to meet him……
- Mary fell at his feet, lord he said if you had been here my brother would not have died
- Jesus saw her weeping, he saw how the people were weeping, his heart was touched and he was
deeply moved
- Where have you buried him? He asked them
- Come and see., lord, they said
- Jesus wept
- See how much he loved him the people said,
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 - Deeply moved, once more went to the tomb, which was a cave with a stone placed at the
entrance.
- Then he prayed, and called in a loud voice, Lazarous come out
- He came out, his hands and feet wrapped in grave clothes
- United him, Jesus told them and let him go.

APPLICATION

 WHAT SHOULD BE THE ROLE OF A CHRISTIAN AT THE FUNERAL IN THEE

LIGHT OF THE ABOVE TEXT?
- To comfort the bereaved
- To give courage in the face of suffering
- Give hope in the resurrection
- Help the mourners prepare for the life after death
- Take God more seriously

APPLICATION

 GIVE FOUR EXAMPLES OF WHAT THE ROLE OF A CHRISTIANS SHOULD BE AT

A FUNERAL.
- To comfort those who have lost the beloved one.
- To encourage fellow mourners not to die in sin.
- To preach.
- To help those at a funeral house.
- To give confidence
- To mourn together and to give hope in Christ Jesus.

KEY WORDS: THE RESURRECTED BODY

1 CORINTHIANS 15:51-58

- Listen to this secret truth; we shall all not die, but when the last trumpet sounds, we shall be
changed in all instant, as quickly as the blinking of an eye.
- For when the trumpet sounds, the dead will be raised, never to die again and we shall be changed.
- For all what is mortal must be changed into what is immortal.
- So when this happen and the mortal has been changed into immortal, then the scripture will come
true death is destroyed; victory is complete
- Where death is your victory? Where death is your power to hurt.”
- Death gets its power to hurt from sin, and sin gets it power from the law. But thanks are to God
who gives the victory through our Lord Jesus Christ.
- So then, my dear brothers, stand firm and stead. Keep busy always in your work for the lord,
since know that nothing you do in the Lord’s service is ever unless.

KEY WORDS: LOVE OF NEIGHBOURS

LUKE 14: 12-14

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 - Then Jesus said to his host, when you give lunch or dinner, do not invite your friends, or your
brothers or your rich neighbor
- For they will invite you back and in this way you will be paid for what you did.
- When give a feast, invite the poor, the crippled, the lame, the blind
- You will be blessed because they are not able to pay you back.
- God will repay you on the day the good people will rise from death.

KEY WORDS: GIVE THE CONTENT OF A PASSAGE FROM THE GOSPEL OF

JOHN WHICH SHOWS JESUS AS THE SOURCE OF UNENDING LIFE.

JOHN 5:24-29

- Whoever hears my words and believes in the one who sent me

- Has eternal life
- He will not be judged
- But has already passed from death to eternal life
- The time is coming when the dead will hear the voice of the son of God
- And those who hear it will come to life
- Just as the father is himself the source of life
- He has made his son the right to judge
- Because he is the son of man
- The time will come when all the dead will hear the voice and come out of the grave
- Those who have done good will rise and live
- Those who have done evil will rise and be condemned.

APPLICATION

DISCUSS FOUR WAYS IN WHICH THE SCRIPTURE ABOVE CAN AFFECT THE LIFE OF A
CHRISTIAN

- A Christian must trust in God

- If a Christian believes in Jesus, then he has hoped of eternal life
- Christian should not fear death as it is a gateway to eternal life.
- A Christian should spread the good news so that others can hear it.
- A Christian should do the will of God so that he will no be condemned

KEY WORDS: GIVE THE CONTENT OF A PASSAGE FROM 1 CORINTHIANS TO

EXPLAIN THE EARLY CHURCH’S BELIEF CONCERNING THE
RESURRECTION OF JESUS AND THE RESURRECTION OF ALL
PEOPLE

1 CORINTHIANS 15: 1-28

- And now I want to remind you, my brothers, of the Good News which I preached to you, which
you received, and on which your faith stands firm.
- That is the Gospel, the message that I preached to you. You are saved by the Gospel if you hold
firmly to it- unless it was for nothing that you believed.
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 - I passed on to you what I received, which is of the greatest importance: that Christ died for our
sins, as written in the scriptures.
- That he appeared to Peter and then to all twelve apostles.
- The he appeared to more than 500 of his followings at once, most of whom are still alive,
although some have died.
- Then he appeared to James, and afterwards to all the twelve apostles
- Last of all he appeared also to me-even though I am like someone whose birth was abnormal.
- For I am the least of all the apostles- I do not even deserve to be called an apostle, because I
persecuted the church of God.
- But by God’s grace I am what I am, and the grace that he gave me was not without effect.
- So then, whether it came from me or from them, this is what we all preach, and this is what you
believe.
- Now, since our message is that Christ has been raised from death, how can some of you say that
the dead will not be raised to life?
- If that is true, it means that Christ was not raised.
- And if Christ has not been raised from death, then we have nothing to preach and you nothing to
preach and you have nothing to believe.
- More than that, we are shown to be lying about God, because we said that he raised Christ from
death-but if it is true that the dead are not raised to life, and then he did not raise Christ.
- But the truth is that Christ has been raised from death, as the guarantee that those who sleep in
death will also be raised.
- For just as all people die because of their union with Adam, in the same way all will be raised to
life because of their union with Christ. Etc.

APPLICATION

 FROM THE ABOVE PASSAGE, WHAT FOUR IDEAS WOULD NOE SHARE WITH A
PERSON WHO SAYS THERE IS NO RESURRECTION?
- Our resurrection is based on the fact that Christ rose from the dead.
- Christ’s resurrection was witnessed by Peter and many others.
- If we are not going to rise then our believing in Christ is useless.
- A seed that is planted first dies before it geminates, in the same way, we will die and rise to life.

KEY WORDS: GIVE THE BIBLE CONTENTS FROM THE BOOK OF JOHN THAT
SHOWS THAT JESUS IS THE SOURCE OF ETERNAL LIFE AND
FROM THE BOOK OF REVELATION THAT SHOWS JOYS OF LIFE
AFTER DEATH.

JOHN 5:24-29

- I am telling you the truth; whoever hear my words and believes n him who sent me has eternal
life.
- He will not be judged, but has already passed from death to life
- I am telling you the truth, the time is coming the time has already come, when the dead will hear
the voice of the son of God.
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 - And those who hear will come to life just as the father is himself the source of life
- In the same way he has made his son to be the source life
- And he has given the son of the right to judge because he is son of man
- Don’t be surprised at his, the time is coming whne the dead will hear his voice and come out of
the graves
- Those who have done good will rise and live.

REVELATION 22:1-5

- The angel also showed me the river of the water of life, sparkling like crystal, and coming from
the throne of God and of the lamb
- And flowing down the middle of the city, street.
- On each side of the river was the tree of life, which bears fruit twelve times a year, once each
month.
- And its leaves are for the healing of the nations
- The throne of God and of the lands will be in the city and his servants will worship him
- They will see his face, and name will be written on their foreheads
- There shall be no more night and they will not need lamps or sunlight Because the lord God will
be their light And they will live as kings forever and ever.

APPLICATION

 DISCUSS FOUR WAYS WHY PEOPLE SHOW FEAR OF DEATH IN ZAMBIA TODAY
- When they have wealth
- When the parents have small children
- When a person has got a good job/is in leadership
- When a person is about to wed promoted.

KEY WORDS: FROM THE BOOK OF DANIEL STATE HOW THE JEWS GREW TO
BELIEVE IN THE RESURRECTIPON OF THE DEAD AND FROM
LUKE GOSPEL, SHOW HOW UNENDING LIFE BEGINS NOW AND IIS
SHOWN IN SELFLESS LVE FOR ONE’S NEIGHBOR

DANIEL 12:1-3

- The angel wearing linen clothes said at the time great angel Michael who guards you people will
appear
- Then there will be a time of troubles, the worst since nations first came into existence
- When that time comes, all the pole of your nation whose names are written in God’s book will be
saved
- Many of those who have already died will live again
- Some will enjoy eternal life, and some will suffer eternal disgrace.
- The wise leaders will shine with the brightness of the sky
- The wise who have taught many people to do what is right will shine like the stars forever.

LUKE 10:25-28

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 - A teacher of the law came up and tried to trap him
- Teacher, he asked, “What must I do to receive eternal life?
- Jesus answered him, “what do the scripture say? How do you interpret them?”
- The man answered,” Love the lord God with all your heart, with all your soul, with all your
strength, and with your entire mind.”
- And love your neighbor as you love yourself.
- You are right, Jesus replied, do this and you shall live

LUKE 14:12-14

- Then Jesus said to his host, when you give lunch or dinner, do not invite your friends or your
relatives or your rich neighbors”.
- For they will invite you back, and in this way you will be paid for what you did.
- When you give a feast, invite the poor, the crippled, the lame and th blind
- Your will be blessed because they are not able to pay back
- God will repay you on the good people will rise from death.

APPLICATION

 WITH REFERENCE TO THE ABOVE PASSAGE, GIVE FOUR PRACTICAL

EXAMPLES OF HOW CHRISTIANS CAN FOLLOW JESUS, EXAMPLE OF
BRINGING ABOUT UNENDING LIFE NOW.
- Helping others without expecting to be helped
- Orphanages- Children who have lost their parents are cared for by christens in orphanages
- Homes for old people- old people who have no relative or are abandoned are looked after in the
home
- Visiting the sick Christians visit the sick to comfort them in hospitals.
- Comforting and consoling the bereaved. Etc.

MAJOR THEME: MAN AND WOMAN

SUB THEME: COURTSHIP AND MARRIAGE
DIMESION PRESENT SITUATION

INTRODUCTION

This sub theme studies the question of marriage and the prior steps that lead to the possibility of a
successful marriage It explores the journey a person takes as they pick out another person with
whom they choose to totally share themselves on faithful love and later bring forth new life.

CHALLENGES ADOLESCENTS MIGHT FACE IN A BOY GIRL RELATIONSHIP.

THE STRUGGLE FOR IDENTITY

- One longs for the privileges of adulthood

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 - The long dream of what they will be and things they will have.
- Long to make own decision and form own values.
- Direction from elders and parents feels like restrictions
- Their confidence is fragile and any defect in their bodies or lack of new clothes becomes a source
of worry.
- It is a special gift to be appreciated by the member of the opposite sex.

ADOLESCENCE; THE GROWTH OF SEXUAL RESPONSIBILITY

- Interests in the opposite sex grow, and popular become an overriding concern.
- Experience new sexual feeling that one has never felt before.
- Love letters become the order of the day
- These feeling and drives move one towards opposite sex.
- They develop fear of one’s own competences and one’s attractiveness.
- -Modern school life delays marriage but desires remain as strong as ever.

LEARNING TO MATURE AND CARE

- One longs to be in company of someone of the opposite sex one likes

- Conversation lasts long
- They enjoy the fascination of learning to understand each other’s world.
- Some tradition and modern ideas discourage this type of relationship as it can lead to sexual
immorality.
- Others trust the necessity of such interaction and the seriousness of adolescents to behave
maturely.

INFATUATION: Form falling in love to a decision to care

- Infatuation is common in adolescences-it’s a mistake for true love.

- Infatuation is sudden and intense feeling of loving somebody.
- It normally includes a desire to sacrifice one’s self for and spend one’s life with the special
person.
- Real love demands knowledge of the other person.
- Love demands a decision to care enough for beloved one.
- Love is full of physical and spiritual development.

DATING TOWADS A SELECTIVE COMPAIONSHIP

- Dating or having a boy/girl is a growing new phenomenon [idea] in Zambia.

- It’s time for companionship leading to sharing.
- One need to select the one person one wants to live with in marriage.
- However those adolescents not mature enough can misuse the idea for sexual pleasure and
enslave the other person.

KEEPING THE DESIRE FOR SEXUAL INTERCOURSE IN PERSPECTIVE

- One need to remember that sexual intercourse is momentary and fleeting which means deceiving.
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 - friendship is concerned with the total good of the other person
- Sexual intercourse is the only way of showing love in a relationship.
- Sexual intercourse can be personal or impersonal
- Sexual intercourse can be generous or selfish
- It can be an expression of love or an empty imitation of one’s love most profound acts.
- At its best it can be a special message for the uniquely important person
- At its worst it is an act of violence attacking the very dignity and worth of another person.
- Only in marriage can sexual intercourse achieve its fullest potential for building and expressing
love.

QUALITIES A WOMAN MIGHT LOOK FOR IN HER FUTURE HUSBAND

- Social and one who has a good relationship with everyone.

- Kind Man Treats her well has self-control and respect wife.
- Has same religion so that the two partners are guided by same values.
- Faithful to the wife does not run around with other women.
- Same interests with wife so that they can share many things.
- Has true love cares for his family in practical way. Wife is a partner not servant.

QUALITIES A MAN MIGHT LOOK FOR IN THIS FUTURE WIFE

- Kind and loving. -Obedient and able to listen to the husband.

- Clean look after the home and possession. -Able to keep secrets
- Not quarrelsome. -Welcomes visitors.
- Hardworking and preferably employed.
- Patient and able to discuss with husband problems in the home.

FINDINGS OF SOCIAL SCIENCE REGARDING THE QUALITIES NEEDED TO HAVE A

GOOD MARRIAGE

PHYSICAL BEAUTY IS IMPORTANT BUT FRAGILE

- Physical beauty is important but fragile it can vanish through accidents or disease.
- Far more important than physical beauty is a good character.
- Two people entering marriage must be able to carry on serious conversation with each other.
- They must share basic values.
- There must be love for family life.
- Both need to be honest about their health.
- Both need to be good.
- Any serious misconduct or immoral behavior in one partner before marriage should make one
think twice; behavior does not change after marriage.

PROBLEMS RELATED TO COURSHIP AND MARRIAGE

1. COURTSHIP

- Pretense -Unfaithfulness -Impatience -Jealous and suspicious

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 - Some young men look for temporal sexual partner under the cover of courtship.
3. MARRIAGE
- Prostitution. -Financial problems. -Lack of dialogue.
- Lack of trust reconciliation. -Suspicious. -Polygamy brings about tension.

HINDU COURTSHIP MARRIAGE AND DIVORCE

COURTSHIP: is rare among the Hindus since most of marriages (90%) are arranged by parents.

VIRGINITY: Is highly respected among Hindu girls. To lose virginity among Hindu girls lead to being
an outcast in the society. Even a boy know to be fooling around with girls would find it difficult to find a
decent girl for marriage.

MARRIAGE: Most marriages were arranged by the parents.

- Marriage was considered to be holy ceremony and greater events of their lives.
- Was not a contract between two individuals but a strong bond between two families.
- Marriages affected not only the couple but other members of the family as well.
- Married woman was out of bounds to every male.
- Adultery was considered the worst sin.

DIVORCE: was not allowed among the Hindu because marriage is a bond with nothing but death can
break. In times of problems a couple was encouraged to fast and pray.

MUSLIM MARRIAGE

- It is a commitment to life itself and to society to one another and to God.

- God made a woman so that man can find comfort and rest in her.
- A man is fortune to have a wife who is holy and playful.
- Muslims hope to find a mutual self-fulfillment and self-realization, love and peace comfort and
hope within marriage

OBLIGATIONS (DUTIES) OF HUSBAND IN MUSLIM MARRIAGE

- Must treat wife with kindness.

- He must provide food, house, clothing and security for the wife
- Must fully maintain his wife cheerfully without complaints.
- Must respect his wife’s need for permanence, security and also her inner feelings.

OBLIGATIONS OF THE WIFE

- To contribute to the success and happiness of the marriage.

- Must be attentive to the comfort and well-being of her partner.
- Must be honest trustworthy .faithful and not allow another sexual partner.
- Must keep herself attractive, responsive and cooperative.

DOWRY (BRIDE WEALTH)

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 - Woman had the right to demand dowry from her would be husband according to her standards
and according to his means.
- She could accept the man without any dowry.
- Right to dowry is to assure woman that she was wanted and needed.
- It was a way of preventing a man from entering marriage for material gain.

STEP TAKEN BEFORE DIVORCE IS GRANTED IN MUSLIM MARRIAGE

- The two parties involved must first try to settle their disputes between themselves.
- If it fails, two arbitrators one from the husband’s and wife’s relations must try to make peace
between the two.
- There must be a waiting period of three to twelve months where the two can live apart.
- The wife continues to be fully supported by the husband
- Neither may marry during this time.
- If it fails, then divorce can be granted and both are free to marry.

THE PURPOSE OF MARRIAGE IN AFRICA TRADITION

- A means of bearing children for the family lineage, to the clan.

- An alliance between two families.
- To gain respect.
- To have a helper.
- it was not the concern of two individuals but the concern of two entire families.
- To have more than two children helped to strengthen marriage.

REASONS FOR THE PAYMENT OF LOBOLA (BRIDE WEALTH) IN AFRICAN

TRADITIONAL SOCIETY

- It was part of the process of gift exchange legalizing a marriage.

- It gave legitimacy to children of the union (marriage).
- It helps to stabilize the marriage.
- It was a way of honoring the lineage spirits.
- It gave compensation to the relatives of the bride for the loss of their daughter.

MARRIAGE PREPARATION

This is the duty of the parents. Advice is given to the boy and girl by the parents.

MOTHER’S ADVISE TO THE DAUGHTER

- To love no one but the one they approved.

- To have self-respect and self-control.
- To never deny sex to the husband expect in sickness.
- To be a hard worker, looking after in-law and strangers.
- To be obedient to the husband and elders.

FATHERS ADVISE TO THE SON

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 - He was advised that character was more important than the beauty of the girl.
- To look at the wife as the second mother.
- To never be harsh or call her bad names.
- To never despise her.
- Never to use her as the sex object.
- To collect her humbly if she goes wrong.
- To look after the in-law and to love the wife, be a hard worker and provide for the family.

ELEMENTS COMMON TO THE MARRIAGE RITES OF MOST TRIBES IN ZAMBIA

- Public witness to the social event characterized by dancing speeches and feasting.
- Seclusion and instruction of the bride.
- Mock hostility between the two families.
- Capture and handling over the bride.
- Initiation of the bride into her domestic duties by means of a symbolic.
- Veiling and unveiling of the bride.
- Anointing of the bride and the groom (spouse).
- Ceremonial bath of the bride.
- Consummation of the marriage with witnesses nearby.
- Gift exchange.

REASON WHY MODERN MARRIAGES ARE MORE STABLE THAN TRADITIONAL

FAMILY LIFE MARRIAGE

Marry while still too young: Boys and girls marry without a clear understanding of their responsibility
and knowledge about marriage.

Desire for material wealth: Marriages are motivated by riches.

Excessive movement: Frequent absence from home by either a woman or a man for un important
reasons. This may crate the room for temptation.

Freedom of choice: The boy or girl is entirely responsible for the choice of a partner, parents are never
consulted.

Early involvement in beer drinking: Boys in particular will start drinking beer at an early stage.

CHRISTIAN MARRIAGE CEREMONY

There are a number of things found in modern wedding ceremony. Some of these are essential to a
Christian marriage ceremony while other are non- essential.

NON-ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS FOUND IN MODERN MARRIAGE

- Having bride maids. -Having a wedding cake.

- Wearing a white dress. -Holding a wedding reception.
- Having a matron of honour. -Singing a register.

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ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS

- Promising to love each other and respect each other till death.
- praying for God’s blessing.
- Allowing Christ teach them the way to love.
- Being faithful having trust patient humble and care to sacrifice and accept frustration.
- Growing together in the presence and his help.

KEY WORDS: ILLUSTRATE HEBREWS TEACHING THAT MARRIAGE WAS

WILLED BY GOD.

GENESIS 2:18-25

- Then the lord said it’s not good for a man to live alone.
- I will make a suitable companion to help him.
- So he took some soil from the ground and formed all the animals and all he birds.
- Then he brought them to man and he named them.
- But no one was suitable companion to help him.
- Then the lord made the man to fall into the deep sleep.
- And while he was sleeping he took out one of the man ribs and closed up the flesh.
- He formed a woman out of the rib and brought her to him.
- Then the man said’ at least here is one of my own kind.
- Bone taken from my bone and flesh from my flesh.
- Woman is her name because she is taken from man.
- That why a man has to leaves his father and mother and is united with his wife and they become
one.
- The man and the woman were both naked but they were not ashamed or embarrassed.

APPLICATION

 BY USING THE ABOVE PASSAGE, GIVE STEPS REQUIRED FOR FULL

COMPANIONSHIP IN MARRIAGE ACCORDING TO THE BOOK OF CENESIS

1. Leave: A man should leave his father and mother.

2. Cleave: A man should join his wife as a commitment to a lifelong companionship.

3. Becoming one fresh: Means a project of sharing possession bodies’ emotion, spirt or intellect.

EXPLAIN WHY DIVORCE IS NOT ALLOWED BY GOD

- It is sin in the eyes of God.

- Marriage is God’s will and on one should separate.
- Children may suffer financially, emotionally
- Quarrels and fights may occur.

KEY WORDS: DIVORCE WAS AT FIRST ALLOWED

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DEUTERONOMY 24:1

- Suppose a man marries a woman and later decides he does not want her
- Because he find something in her which he does not like
- He write a divorce paper
- And gives it to her
- And he sent her away from home.

APPLICATION

 WITH REFERENCE TO THE PASSAGE GIVE REASONS AS TO WHY DIVORCE IS

NOT ALLOWED IN THE CHURCH/NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF DIVORCE
- It is sin in the eyes of God.
- It creates hatred and even death.
- Women and children may suffer.
- And lead to contracting STD, HIV/AIDS

KEY WORDS: A PROPHET WHO DENOUNCED DIVORCE

MALACHI 2:13-16

- This is another thing that you do

- You have drawn the lords alter with tears
- Weeping and wailing because he no longer accepts the offering you bring and asks why he no
longer accepts
- It’s because u have broken the promise to the wife you married when you were young
- She was your partner and you have broken the promise before the lord that you will be faithful to
her
- Did God not make one body and spirit with her?
- What was his promise in this? It was that you should have children that are truly God’s people
- So make sure that none of you breaks his promise to his wife.
- I hate divorce, says the lord god of Israel
- I hate it when one of you does such a cruel thing to the wife
- Make sure that u do not break you promise to be fulfilled to your wife

APPLICATION

- Church might be condemned if it allowed divorce.

- Marriage is the will of God.
- Might promote promiscuity and Adultery
- Divorce is sin in the eyes of God
- Might be seen to be defeating the global fight against HIV/AIDS

KEY WORDS: THE UNFAITHFUL GOMER (HOSEA’SWIFE) AND THE

UNFAITHFUL ISRAEL

HOSEA 2: 2-23; 3:1

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 - So call your fellow Israelites, God’s people are loved by the lord
- My children plead with your mother though she is no longer a wife to me and I am no longer her
husband
- Plead with her to stop prostitution
- If she does not, I will strip he naked as she was on the day she was born
- I will make her like a dry and barren land she will die of thirsty
- will not show mercy to her children, they are the children of a shameless prostitute
- She herself said, I will go to my lovers, they give me food and weather and wool linen olive oil
and wine
- So I am going to fence her in with thorn bushes and build a wall to block her way
- She will run after her lover but she will not catch them. She will look for them but she will not
find them
- Then she says that I am going back to my first husband I was better off then than I am now
- She will never acknowledge that I was the one who gave her the corn, wine olive oil and all her
silver and gold she used in her worship of Baal
- So at harvest time, I will take back my gift of corn, wine, and will take away the wool and linen I
gave her for her clothing
- I will strip her in front of her lover and no one will be able to save her.
- I will put on her festivities, annual and her monthly festivals and her Sabbath cerebration of all
religious meetings
- I will destroy her grape vine and her fig trees which she said her lover gave her for serving them
- I will punish her for the time she forgot me when she burnt essence to Baal and put her jewelry to
go casing after her lover. The lord has spoken.

APPLICATION

 WITH REFERENCE TO THE ABOVE PASSAGE, GIVE REASONS WHY MARRIAGE

PARTNERS MIGHT BE UNFAITHFUL.
- Lack of children in a home.
- Lack trust between the couple.
- Lack of love and peace in the home.
- Lack of support in different areas in a home

BIBLE CONTENTS

KEY WORDS: JESUS HEALS A BROKEN DOWN MARRIAGE RELATIONSHIP AT

THE WOMAN AT THE WELL

JOHN 4:16-19

- Go and call your husband and come back, Jesus told the woman
- I have no husband she replied
- Jesus said to her, you are right when you say you have no husband.
- You have been married to five men and the one you line with now is not your husband.
- You have told me the truth, the woman said,

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 - I can see that you are a prophet.

APPLICATION

 MENTION FOUR ELEMENTS THAT MIGHT HELP TO STRENGTHEN MARRIAGES

TODAY.
- Trust between the couple. - Faithfulness. -Openness to each other.
- Willingness to discuss problems

MENTION THE CAUSES OF DIVORCE

- Lack of trust -Quarrels -Lack of respect -Unfaithfulness between the couple.

KEY WORDS: JESUS STRESSED THE IMPORTANCE OF FAITHFULNESS IN MARRIAGES

JOHN 8:1-11

- The woman caught committing adultery.

- Then everyone went home but Jesus went to the mount olives
- Early the next morning he went back to the temple\
- All the people gathered around and sat down and he began to teach them
- The teachers of the law and the Pharisees brought a woman who had been caught in the very act
of committing adultery and they made her stand before them all
- Teacher, they said to Jesus this woman was caught in the very act of committing adultery
- In our law, Moses commanded us to stone such a woman to death, what do you say?
- They said this to trap Jesus so that they could accuse him
- But he bent over and wrote on the ground with his finger
- As they stood there asking him questions he straightened himself up and said to them
- Whichever one of you has not committed no sin be the first to throw a stone at her.
- Then he bent over again and wrote on the ground.
- When they heard this, they left one by one, the older ones first,
- Jesus was left alone with the woman still standing there.
- He straightened himself up and said to her where they are?
- Is there no one left to condemn you?
- No one, sir, she answered
- Well, then, Jesus said I do not condemn you either
- Go but do not sin again.

APPLICATION

 USING IDEAS FROM THE PASSAGE ABOVE EXPLAIN WHY FAITHFULNESS IS

IMPORTANT IN MARRIAGE TODAY.
- It brings love if the couple is faithful to each other.
- Faithfulness is important because if there is cheating, it will bring quarrels.
- In this era of AIDS it is important to stick to one partner.
- God demands that there should be faithfulness in the marriage.
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KEYWORDS: EXPLAINS THAT THE IDEAL MARRIAGE ACCORDING TO JESUS
IS THAT OF MONOGAMY, JESUS IS AGAINST DIVORCE.

MARK 10:1-12

- Then Jesus left that place, clouds come and he began to teach them.
- Some Pharisees came to him and tried to trap him,
- Tell us they said, does the law allow a man to divorce his wife.
- Jesus answered them with a question, what did the law of Moses give you?
- They answered, Moses gave permission for a man to write divorce letter and send the woman
away
- Jesus said to them, Moses wrote you this law because you are so hard to teach, but at the time of
creation, God crated them male and female and for this reason a man will leave his father and
mother and unite with his wife and the two will become one.
- Man must not separate what God has joined together.
- When they went back to the house, the disciples asked Jesus about this matter/
- He said to them, a man who divorces his wife and marries another woman commits adultery
against his wife.
- In the same way a woman who divorces her husband and marries another man commits adultery.

APPLICTION

 EXPLAIN THE NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF DIVORCE

- Children will suffer.
- One can contract HIV/AIDS.
- Creates quarrels and fighting.
- . Woman might start prostitution
 EXPLAIN THE NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF POLYGAMY
- No true love between wife and husband.
- Chances of unfaithfulness increase.
- Jealous and hatred id created among the wives
- Economically a father might fail to support and educate the children.

KEYWORDS: EXPLAINS THAT MARRIAGE IS THE COVENANT INVOLVING

BOTH PARTNER’S GENUINE LOVE AND UNDERSTANDING.

EPHESIANS 5: 21-23

- Submit yourself to one another because of your reverence for Christ.

- Wives submit to you husband as the lord to the church
- For as the husband has authority over his wife.
- Christ has authority over the church
- Wives must submit completely to their husband just as the church submits itself to Christ.
- Husbands love your wife just as Christ loved the church.
- Men ought to love their wives just as they love their own bodies.
- A man who loves his wife loves himself.
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 - As the scripture says, for this reason a man leave his father and mother and unite with wife
and the two will become one.
- There is deep truth reveled in this.
- It also applies to you, every husband must love his wife as himself and every wife respect her
husband.

APPLICATION

 MENTION SOME WAYS A WOMAN MUST SACRIFICE HERSELF FOR HER

HUSBAND AND CHILDREN IF SHE IS TO BE A GOOD WIFE AND MOTHER
- Being able to submit to the husband and duties at home.
- Being in position to love the family with any condition.
- Having respect.
- Leaving the other family for the best of your family.

KEY WORDS: PAUL EMPHASIZES FOR MUTUAL RESPECT AND TOTAL SELF-
GIVING IN MARRIAGE.

1 CORINTHIANS 7:1-7

- Now to deal with the matter you wrote about.

- A man does well not to marry.
- But because there is so much immorality.
- Each man should have his own wife and very woman should have her own husband.
- A man should fulfill his duties as a husband and a woman should fulfill her duties as the wife.
- Each should satisfy the other need.
- A Wife is not the master of her body but the husband is.
- In the same way the husband is not the master of his body but his wife is.
- Do not deny yourselves to each other.
- Unless you first agree to do so for a while in order to spend your time in prayer, but resume
normal marital relations.
- In this way you will be kept from giving into Satan’s temptation because of your lack of self-
control.
- I tell you this not as order, but simply as a concession.
- But each person has a special gift from God.
- One person this gift, another one that gift.

APPLICATION

 EXPLAIN WHY MARRIED COUPLE SHOULD HAVE SATISFACTORY MARRIAGE

RELATIONS.
- To obey God’s command.
- To avoid one seeking marital relation outside the house. Hence sin
- To avoid misunderstanding as this can lead to divorce.
- Insecurity on the divorced woman and children.
- T0 avoid one seeking marital relationship that might lead to HIV/AIDS.
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 MAJOR THEME: MAN’S RESPONSE THROUGH FAITH AND
LOVE

SUB THEME: MAN’S EVASION OF GOD

DIMENSION: PRESENT SITUATION

Many people run away from the real world because they find the reality in this world too difficult to
accept. They therefore, decide to have their own “world” a dream world in which they pretend to be but
they are not. In extreme cases, such people develop a psychotic state of the mind. This is a mental state of
mind where a person has lost touch with reality. Such confusion leads people to deny the existence of
God.

REASONS SOME PEOPLE GIVE FOR NOT BELIEVING IN GOD

- A good God cannot exist in the world where there is so much evil.

- Some believe they are on their way to the top; hence no one can stand in their way.

- Because God allowed something bad to happen to them i.e. death of parents.
Others believe they are successfully self-made persons.
Because science has all the answers.
God is for the children and aged.
They are masters of their own destiny.
Money is everything.

REASONS SOME PEOPLE GIVE FOR GIVING UP/STOPPING THEIR BELIEF IN GOD

- Because of the new cultures coming to Africa i.e. new technology, religious ideas etc.

- Rivalry (competition for converts from different churches. Hence, creating confusion).

- Rise of Nationalism (self-rule) and self-identity i.e. a Christian God became a white God.

- The mode of living of some Christians i.e. practicing tribalism, prejudice or exploitation
and racialism.
- Coming of new technology i.e. able to solve problems without any reference to God.

- Others joined the Church because of chance for education or God had no meaning in their
lives.
SUBSTITUTES FOR GOD: THOSE WHO STOP THEIR FAITH IN GOD. THE

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FOLLOWING AS A REPLACEMENT

- Science -Money -Technology -Sex -Power -Ambition -Education -Efficiency

EVASION OF GOD AMONG THE MUSLIMS/ISLAM

E.g.: Explain what evasion is among the Muslims

- Evasion of God in Islam is based on a person called hypocrite

He is a person who pretends to be good but he is not

He makes a mockery of God
One pretends to be good because one wants to gain something Prophet
Mohammed dislikes such a person

E.g.: Give four traits of a hypocrite in Islam

- When he speaks he tells lies

- When he is entrusted, he betrays the trust

- When he makes a promise, he proves treacherous

- When he quarrels, he uses obscene language

EVASION IN HINDUISM: HINDUS HAVE TWO WAYS OF VIEWING RELIGION

(TRUTH)

A. Truth as what God has revealed to man

- It can be stated in form of beliefs/doctrines

- It can be summarized in a creed, e.g. like Moslems

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 - Those who refuse to accept this truth are condemned as heretics (sinners)

- Faith such as Christianity and Islam focus on this way

B. Truth as man searches for God

- Hindus see people’s differing from each other

• Each person must find his/her own way to God

• There are many ways to God just as there are many people

• Each Hindu feels free to choose what he/she finds more suitable as means of approaching
God

APPEARANCES / ILLUSION

- Hindus believe that this world is not a real world

It is like a curtain hanging around people preventing them from seeing what is beyond This
illusion is called Maya
True vision is seeing everything from God’s view point

SEARCHING FOR TRUTH

MAN IS DIFFERENT FROM ANIMALS

- Because man is dedicated to search for the truth

- This search is not a matter of mere knowledge

- It implies having a good outlook

- Man must have right attitude

- Any one pre occupied with material things is cut off from the search for the truth

AFRICAN TRADITIONAL SOCIETY

DESCRIBE THE FOLLOWING PRACTICES

A. MAGIC (Person is called magician)

- It is the pretended art of influencing the course of events by secret control of nature

- It involves the use of simple tricks

B. TRADITIONAL HEALER (DOCTOR)

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 - Uses herbs for curing diseases

- He/she is a good psychologist, a judge of human behavior

- Aims at curing both the mind and the body at the same time

C. WITCH (Practice is called witchcraft)

- The man/woman who is said to possess mysterious evil power to harm others secretly

- Witchcraft is destructive and anti-social

D. DIVINER (Practice is called divination)

- Give medicine to protect those attacked by witchcraft

- Can cause the evil to turn back on the sender

- He is able to tell a person responsible for disease (misfortune) and death

CHURCH HISTORY

There was division in the early Church because of following different teachings given by two
Philosophers

A. TERTULLIAN IN THE CITY OF CARTHAGE

- He taught that there was no connection between Christ and popular philosophy

- He believed that the Bible alone was sufficient

B. CLEMENT AND LATER ORIGEN IN THE CITY OF ALEXANDRIA

- Believed that philosophy was a bridge which could link men to Christ

- He also taught that God was already at work in none Christian philosophies and
traditional Christian religions
THE PHILOSOPHY OF GNOSTICISM

Was born in the city of Alexandria, It was a mixture of many other philosophies.

TEACHINGS OF GNOSTICISM

- Taught that salvation is acquired through knowledge

- All matter was evil, only spirit was good

- The world was also evil since it was made out of matter

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 - The body of man (matter) was evil

- The Jewish Yahweh (God) was evil as he had created the world

- Jesus himself was a pure spirit and so could not have had a material body

The teachings of Gnosticism however, disagree or contradict the teaching of the Christian faith
because of than following Christian teachings

- The world was created good by God

- Man was created in the image of God who is good

- Salvation comes through Jesus Christ who died on the cross and later rose from the dead

- God is spirit but God entered into the history of man through Jesus Christ in Jesus God
became flesh.

DOCTRINE VERSUS LOVE: In many countries there are Churches and meeting halls belonging to
different groups of Christians because the Christian Church is divided. All these different Churches claim
to be following Christ. The division which is seen today among Christian Churches came from the
Reformation of the 16th century.

E.g.: Explain how the Churches have been sometimes more concerned with individual
Church doctrines than with Christ’s command to love and create Christian fellowship (In short,
reasons for reformation- changes in the 16th century).

PROVINCIAL CRE COMMON NOTES-NORTHERN-2016 Page 59

 - The division stems from the Reformation of the 16th century

- The Church needed reforming to become more faithful to the teaching of Jesus Christ

- Martin Luther- a Germany monk protested against the authority of the pope on the
question of indulgences
- This was the beginning of Protestantism

- John Calvin set up the Presbyterian church in Geneva

- The church in England broke away to become Anglicanism

- There were quarrels between the Catholics and the Protestants, and between
Lutherans and Calvinist
- The Anglican church could not tolerate anyone outside it and many left England for
America to establish free churches

BIBLE CONTENTS

OLD TESTAMENT

KEY WORDS: A PROPHET REMINDS THE ISRAELITES THAT GOD IS

POWERFUL, THEY SHOULD STAY WITH HIM.

ISAIAH 40:21-27

- Do you not know? Where you not told long ago

- Have you not heard how the world began

- It was made by one who sits on His throne, above the earth and beyond sky

- The people below look as tiny as ants. He stretched out the sky like a curtain, like a
tent in which to live
He brings down powerful rulers and reduces them to nothing
- They are like young plants, just set out and barely rooted

- When the Lord sends a wind, they dry up and blow away like a straw - To who can
be the Holy God be compared? Is there any one like Him?
- Look up the sky!! Who created the sky you see?

- The one who leads them out like an army. He knows how many there are and calls
each by name
- His power is so great-not one of them is ever missing

- Israel, why then do you complain that the Lord does not know your troubles or care if
you suffer injustice

APPLICATION

❖ EXPLAIN HOW THE WORDS FROM ISAIAH CAN HELP A CHRISTIAN KEEP
HIS/HER FAITH TODAY.
- God is always there for a Christian who is beset by problems
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 - Should keep on praising God’s name

- Should not complain because God know all his needs

- Continue helping the needy

- Might face more problems if abandon God etc.

KEY WORDS: PROPHET ADVISES THE ISRAELITES THAT FULFILLING RITUAL

ONLY IS AN EVASION TO GOD

ISAIAH 1:10-16

- Jerusalem. Your rulers and people are like those of Sodom and Gomorrah

- Listen to what the Lord is saying to you. Pay attention to what our God is teaching
you - He says, do you think I want all these sacrifices you keep offering me?
- I have had more than enough of sheep you burn as sacrifices and the fat of your
animals
- I am tired of the blood of bulls and sheep and goats

- Who asked you to bring me all these when you came to worship me?

- Who asked you to do all this tramping in my temple?

- It is useless to bring your offering, I am disgusted with the smell of incenses you burn
I cannot stand your new moon festival and holidays, they are a burden that I am tired of
bearing
- When you lift your hand in prayer, I will not look at you no matter how much you
pray. I will not listen for your hands are covered with blood
- Wash your hands clean

- Stop all the evil that I see you doing

APPLICATION

❖ WITH REFERENCE TO THE PASSAGE ABOVE, EXPLAIN HOW A CHRISTIAN

TODAY CAN EVADE GOD BY NOT FOLLOWING THE ADVICE IN THE
PASSAGE
- Christians are interested only in giving money to the church but not helping the poor

- Failing to visit the sick in hospitals in preference to pray

- Neglecting the orphans

- Grabbing property from widows and orphans but preaching the word of God etc.

KEY WORDS: THE KING WHO HAD NO NEED OF GOD, WAS ARROGANT AND
THOUGHT HE WAS WISER THAN GOD

EZEKIEL 28:1-10

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 - The Lord spoke to me

- Mortal man he said, tell the ruler of Tyre what I the Sovereign Lord is saying to him

- Puffed up with pride, you claim to be god. You say that like a god you sit on the
throne surrounded by seas.
- You may pretend to be good but no, you are not mortal, not divine

- You think you are wiser than Daniel that no secret can be kept from you

- Your wisdom and skill made you rich with treasures of gold and silver

- You made clever business deals and kept on making profit - How proud are you
of your wealth?
Now then, this is what I, the Sovereign Lord is saying because you think you are as wise as a
god
- I will bring ruthless enemies to attack you

- They will destroy all the beautiful things you have acquired by your skill and wisdom

- They will kill you and send you to a watery grave

- When they come to kill you, will you still claim that you are a god?

- When you face your murderers, you will be mortal and not divine

- You will die like a dog at the hand of godless foreigners

- I, the Sovereign Lord have given the command

APPLICATION

❖ EXPLAIN HOW OUR LEADERS CAN BEHAVE IN A SIMILAR MANNER LIKE

THE KING OF TYRE
- Putting themselves above others as more important

- Misusing riches without any consideration for the poor - Not willing to be advised
just because they are in high position
- Refusing to praise God because they have everything they need etc.

KEY WORDS: THE GODLESS MAN. A SELF-CENTERED PROUD MAN WHO

THINKS HE CAN DO WITHOUT GOD

PSALMS 53

- Fools say to themselves there is no God

- They are all corrupt and they have done terrible things

- There is no one who does what is right

- God looked down from heaven at the human race to see if there were any who were
wise, any who worshiped him
- But the ball turned away, they are all equally bad

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 - Not one of them does what is right, not a single one

- Don’t they know God asks? Are these evil doers ignorant

- They live by robbing many people and they never pray to me

- But they will be terrified as they have never been before

For God will scatter the bones of the enemies of his people
- God has rejected them and so Israel will totally defeat them

- How I pray that victory will come to Israel from Zion

- How happy the people of Israel will be when God makes them prosperous again

APPLICTAION

❖ GIVE FOUR WAYS THROUGH WHICH PEOPLE DENY GOD BY THEIR ACTIONS
EVEN IF THOUGH THEY NEVER SAY SO.
- Getting rich at the expense of the poor

- Refusing to worship God on Sabbath - Committing adultery, stealing etc.

- Unwillingness to help the needy i.e. Orphans, widows etc.

BIBLE CONTENT

NEW TESTAMENT

KEY WORDS: RELIGION-JESUS CONDEMNS THE PHARISEES FOR THE

OUTWARD (EXTERNAL) OBSERVANCE OF LAW. JESUS’S

DISCIPLES ACCUSED OF EATING WITH UNWASHED HANDS.

MARK 7:1-13

- Some Pharisees and the teachers of law who had come from Jerusalem gathered
around Jesus
- They noticed that some of his disciples were eating their food with hands that were
ritually unclean
- That is they had not washed them in the way the Pharisees said people should
For the Pharisees as well as the rest of the Jews, follow the teaching they received from their
ancestors
- They do not eat unless they wash their hands in a proper way

- Nor do they eat anything that comes from the market unless they wash it first

- And they follow many other rules which they have received such as proper way to
wash cups, pots, copper bowls and beds.
- So the Pharisees and the teachers of law asked Jesus

- Why is it that your disciples do not follow the teaching handed down by our ancestors
instead they eat with ritually unclean hands
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 - Jesus answered them “how right Isaiah was when he prophesied about you” you are
hypocrites just as he wrote
- These people, says God honor me with their words but their heart is really far away
from me
- It is no use for them to worship me because they teach man made rules as though they
were

God’s laws

- You put aside God’s command and obey the teachings of men

- And Jesus continued “you have a clever way of rejecting God’s laws in order to
uphold your own teaching
- For Moses commanded “Respect your father and your mother and whoever curses his
father or his mother is to be put to death
- But you teach that if a person has something he could use to help his father or mother
but says this corban
- He is excused from helping his father or mother

- In this way the teaching you pass on to others cancels out the word of God

- And there are many other things like this that you do

APPLICATION

❖ WITH REFERENCE TO THE PASSAGE ABOVE, EXPLAIN HOW CHRISTIANS

TODAY CAN BEHAVE IN A SIMILAR A MANNER

- Pretending to teach God’s teaching of loving others but do not look after orphans

- Attending church services every Sabbath but not helping the poor
Preaching about forgiveness but do not forgive those who wrong them
- Preach to people on the need to look after money but they instead rob the poor and
church of money etc.

KEY WORDS: INDIFFERENTISM- SOME PEOPLE NEITHER LOVE GOD NOR

HATE HIM BUT REMAIN INDIFFERENT. STORY OF THE RICH
FOOL

LUKE 12:13-21

- A man in the crowd said to Jesus, “Teacher, tell my brother to divide with me the
property my father left us”
- Jesus answered him, “My friend, who gave me the right to judge or to divide the
property between you two”
- And he went on to say to them all. “Watch out and guard yourselves from every kind
of greed”

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 - Because a person’s true life is not made up of the things he owns, no matter how rich
he may be
- Then Jesus told them this parable. There was once a rich man who had land which
bore good crops
- He began to think to himself, I haven’t anywhere to keep my crops what can I do?

- This is what I will do, he told himself

- I will tear down my barns and build bigger ones where I will store my corn and all
other goods
- Then I will say to myself. Lucky man! You have all the good things you need for
many years
- Take life easy, eat, drink and enjoy yourself!!
But God said to him, you fool! This very night you will have to give up your life
- Then who will take all these things you have to kept for yourself

- And Jesus concludes, this is how it is with those who pile up riches for themselves
but are not rich in God’s sight.
KEY WORDS: INDIFFERENTISM- SOME PEOPLE NEITHER LOVE GOD NOR
HATE HIM BUT REMAIN INDIFFERENT. STORY OF THE RICH MAN (DIVES) AND
LAZARUS

MATHEWS 16:19-31

- There was once a rich man who dressed himself in most expensive clothes every day
and lived in great luxury everyday
- There was also a poor man called Lazarus, covered with sore who used to be brought
to the rich man’s door
- Hoping to eat the bits of food that fell from the rich man’s table. Even the dogs would
come and eat his sores
- The poor man died and he was carried by the angels to sit beside Abraham at the feast
in heaven
- The rich man died and was buried.

- And in Hades where he was in great pain, he looked out and saw Abraham far away
with Lazarus at his side.
- So he called out, “father Abraham! Take pity on me and send Lazarus to dip his
finger in some water and cool my tongue because I am in great pain in this fire!”
- But Abraham said, “remember, my son, that in your life time, you were given all the
good things while Lazarus got all the bad things
- But now he is enjoying himself while you are in pain
Besides that, there is a deep pit lying between us, so that those who want to cross cannot do so
nor can anyone cross over to us from where you are
- The rich man said, “then I beg you father Abraham, send Lazarus to my father’s
house

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 - Where I have five brothers, let him go and warn them so that they at least, will not
come to this place of pain
- Abraham said, “your brothers have Moses and prophets to warn them, your brothers
should listen to what they say
- The rich man answered, “That is not enough father, Abraham, but if someone were to
rise from death and go to them, then they would turn from their sin.
- But Abraham said, “if they will not listen Moses and the prophets, they will not be
convinced even if someone were to rise from death

KEY WORDS: JESUS REFUSED TO HAVE SUBSTITUTES FOR GOD. THE

TEMPTATIONS OF JESUS

MATHEWS 4:4-11

- Then the spirit led Jesus into the desert to be tempted by the devil

- After spending forty days and nights without food, Jesus was hungry

- Then the devil came to Him and said, “If you are God’s son order these stones into
bread”

- But Jesus answered, “The scriptures says, man cannot live on bread alone but needs
every word that God speaks.
- Then the devil took Jesus to Jerusalem, the holy city, set him on the highest point of
the temple and said to Him
- If you are God’s son throw yourself down, for the scripture says God will give orders
to the angels about you
- They will hold you with their hands so that not even a feet will hurt on the stones

- Jesus answered, the scripture says, “Do not put the Lord your God to test”

- Then the devil took Jesus to a very high mountain and showed Him all the kingdoms
of the world in their greatness
- All this will give you’ the devil said, “If you knee down and worship me”

- Then Jesus answered, “Go away Satan! The scripture says, “Worship the Lord your
God and serve only Him”
Then the devil left Jesus, and angels came and helped Him.

APPLICATION

❖ GIVE TWO TEMPTATIONS A ZAMBIAN CAN BE FACED WITH AND SHOW

HOW TO OVERCOME THEM AS A WAY OF NOT EVADING GOD
- Zambian who is an accountant in the bank can be tempted to steal money he can
request for a loan/remember that stealing is a sin/can be arrested
- Zambian who is a Pastor can be tempted to commit adultery with one of the women
members-should remember that it is a sin in the eyes of God/remember that the church could
fir him

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 - Zambian who is a teacher can be tempted to sell leakage to pupils during final exams:
should realize that he could be arrested if caught and lose his job.
KEY WORDS: JESUS INVITES PEOPLE TO HAVE COMPLETE TRUST IN GOD
WHO IS MORE THAN ANY OTHER

MATHEW 7:7-11

- Ask and you will receive, seek and you will find, knock and the door will be opened
for you
- For every who asks will receive

- And the door will be opened to him who knocks

- Would any of you who are fathers give your son a stone when he asks for bread

- Or would any of you give him a snake when he asks for a fish

- Bad as you are, you know how to give good things to your children

- How much more then, will your father in heaven give good things to those who ask

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