Common Notes 2044-1

MAJOR THEME: LIVING IN A CHANGING
WORLD
SUB THEME: WORKING IN A CHANGING SOCIETY
PROBLEMS ARISING FROM SALARIED EMPLOYMENT AND INDUSTRIALIZATION
1. BOREDOM – This is the act of doing the same type of job.
2. UNEMPLOYMENT – There are no enough jobs to cater for all school leaves.
3. CORRUPTION – offering or accepting to receive money or other things

without necessarily deserving it.
4. INDIFFERENCE – having an I don’t care attitude since you will get paid
whether the job is bodily done or not.
COMPARE AND CONTRAST WORK IN RURAL AREAS WITH WORK IN URBAN AREAS
WORK IN RURAL AREAS WORK IN URBAN AREAS
∙ Work in rural areas is at the ∙ Work in urban areas is not at the

mercy of the weather mercy of the weather
∙ In rural areas your benefits ∙ In urban areas you get paid even
will depend on the sale of when you are on leave
your produce
∙ In rural areas one’s work can ∙ Work in urban areas whether you
be boring and unsatisfying work or not, you still get your
salary
PROVINCIAL CRE COMMON NOTES-NORTHERN-2016Page 1

∙ In rural areas majority of ∙ Majority of people in urban areas
people are self employed they work for someone else
∙ In rural areas work is more ∙ In urban areas work is a challenge

rewarding
WORK IN A HUMANIST SOCIETY
The revolution programme to implement the philosophy of human demands that one
works relentlessly to rid this world of the evil:
∙ Capitalism –an economic system in which is country’s businesses

and industries are controlled and run for profit by private owners
rather than the government
∙ Imperialism- a system in which one country controls other countries

after defeating them.
∙ Facism- political system or attitude which is in favour of strong

central government and which does not allow any opposition.
∙ Racism- the unfair treatment of people who belong to a different race.
∙ Colonialism- the practice by which a powerful country controls

another country or other countries.
On the other hand poverty, hunger, ignorance, disease, crime and exploitation of man
by man. These are some of the demands of the philosophy of Zambian Humanism
which have to become reality if we are to reach a just society.

- We must remember that the secret of a successful life is hard work.
- Work makes a better human being.
- It builds the character
- It enhances human dignity and personal worth through the principles of

Humanism, work therefore must wage an all-out war on :-
∙ Indiscipline
∙ Lethargy
∙ Lack of knowledge
∙ Laziness
∙ Lack of initiative
These are enemies of success. They are enemies of Humanism too.
TRADITIONAL ATTITUDE ABOUT WORK FOUND IN ZAMBIA
- Everybody was a worker.
- A man decided when to work and when not to work.
- Most work was communal.
- Work was divided according to age, sex and rank.
- Work was related to basic needs of life.
- Generally women worked harder them men.
WORK IN MODERN SOCIETY

- Work is not divided according to age, sex or rank.
- Today work is done according to qualifications and experience as well as

trading regardless sex, age or rank.
- Work is not related to the basic needs of life.
- Work is not communal.
- No communism, today people tend to care most for their work than for the
community.
- Today men take work that is meaningless
- Not everybody is a worker.
- Generally men work harder than women.
- Today training is offered.
- Today there is exploitation of prices of commodities.
- Today time is set to do work e.g from 08:00hrs to 16:00hrs from Monday to
Friday.
WORK AMONG HINDUS IN ZAMBIA
Hindus work as:-
- Farmers
- Teachers
- Craftsmen
- Business men

- Government officials
- House wives
THE TEACHING OF ISLAM ABOUT WORK
- A master should not charge a servant with work beyond his power.
- A servant who is entrusted with too much work should be helped
- Pay the labourer his wages immediately he does the work.
- Act justly and kindly towards employees
- Feed and clothe a servant out of what you feed and clothe yourself.
- Pardon your servant seventy times everyday
- A double reward to a servant who worship Allah.
THE TEACHING OF KARL MAX ON WORK
- There were low wages
- Long working hours (up to 16 hrs per day)
- In human working conditions
- No security
- Child labour
- Max wanted to make conditions better for the ordinary worker.
Therefore, Max had a great vision of how man should be
- He pictured to himself a fully developed man

- A man who should make full use of his ability
- A man who had developed his talents
- A man who could make full use of the earthly things like music, inventions, art,
etc
- A man who could freely develop his creative power in work and expresses
himself fully in his creative activities.
A TRUE MARXIST –LENINIST IS SOMEBODY WHO…………..
- Believe that all progress can be achieved by conflict between man and man
- Believes that man can be redeemed from selfishness by abolishing private

ownership of factories and other means of production.
- Believes that society and nature develop themselves following an interior

mechanism called ‘dialetic forces’.
- Believes that we do not need God for achieving a perfect world and a new
perfect society.
- Believes individuals have little value apart from their contribution to the
collective group.
- Believes evil is caused by wrong and harmful circumstances around man.
- Believes in class struggle and revolution to bring about a new society that is
classless.
A CHRISTIAN HUMANIST IS SOMEBODY WHO…………..
- Detects opposing classes in society.

- Stands up for the poor and under privileged people.
- Is working to overcome discrimination and injustices in society.
- Work for a just distribution of wealth among all people on the global
- Demands for everybody the opportunity to develop all his abilities
- Believing that we do need God for achieving a perfect world and that union with
God is the final end of man.
- Believes that the method used to achieve justice must respect the dignity of
each person.
MONASTERIES CONTRIBUTED MUCH TO THE SOCIETY THROUGH WORK
- They taught people proper methods of farming.
- They offered education and care for the old and sick.
- They practiced hospitality towards travelers.
- They tried to follow Jesus’ attitudes towards work.
- They dedicated their lives to work and prayer.
- They tried to be servant to others.
- They valued manual work.

MONASTERIES LOST BALANCE BETWEEN WORK AND PRAYER
- Monasteries grew wealthy because wealthy Christians gave gifts to them.
- The Monks as a rule did not own personal property but monastery as a whole
became extremely rich and thus they did not need to work to support
themselves.
- A second development is that it began to more important for them to attend

services in the Church than to work with their hands.
- Monks and Nuns had nine (9) services of prayer and services everyday.
- In the western Church, it became a custom to have Mass (Eucharistic

celebration, Holy Communion, Lord’s Supper) everyday and for many of the
times the Monks to be Priest and could celebrate Holy Mass.
- Some Monasteries employed servants and sometimes there were more

servants than Monks to work for them.
CRAFT GUILDS HELPED THE WORKERS
- During the Middle Ages workers organised themselves into guilds.
- Each guild had a particular trade.
- One could not be a leather marker unless one belonged to the leather markers
guilds.
- Each had guild rules which guaranteed that each worker was properly trained.
- And a good standard of work was kept.

- The guilds appointed Chaplains and made donations to the Church.
- Gave scholarships to poor children.
- Each member of the guilds had faith in God which helped to create a high
standard of workmanship in work.
THE CONTRIBUTION OF CRAFT GUILDS TOWARDS ATTITUDES TO WORK
- Improved working conditions
- Developed different skills
- Made donations to churches.
- Gave scholarship to poor children.
HOW LORD SHAFTESBURY MADE CONDITIONS BETTER FOR WORKERS
- Lord Shaftesbury made conditions better for worker
- As a member of parliament he campaigned to get laws passed which limit

working hours.
In 1847, the TEN HOURS ACT was passed.
- He also got schools started for children of the poor people or workers.
- He got better housing for the poor in general.
THE CHURCH TRAINED AND IS TRAINING PEOPLE IN DIFFERENT SKILLS
The church is involved in training people in skills namely:-
- Sewing

- Carpentry
- Bricklaying
- Craft
- Farming
- Cooking
THE CHURCH TEACHING ABOUT WORK
The church document was mainly about:-
- Man shares by his activity of the creator.
- In the production process, we must emphasise the primacy of man over things, over
labour and over capital.
- A just wage is a practical means of testing the justice of any socio-economic system.
THE TEACHING ABOUT THE PURPOSE AND MEANING OF WORKING IN MAN’S LIFE
- Work is a duty and right of every human being.
- Work should never be used to oppress people.
- Work should be considered noble and bringing dignity to the worker.
- Honest should accompany any work.
- Work should be done diligently.
- Good working conditions should be present. Eg man first, right, dignity, just wage, duty,
good conditions, diligence and no oppression
BIBLE CONTENTS
OLD TESTAMENT

PLEASE USE ONLY GOOD NEWS BIBLE
KEY WORD: MAN IS URGED TO PUT TO GOOD USE GOD’S CREATION
GENESIS 1: 26-31
- The God said, “And now we can make human beings”.
- They will be like us and resemble us.
- They will have power over the fish, the birds and all animals, domestic and wild,
large and small.
- So God created human beings, making them to be like him.
- He created them male and female
- Blessed them and said, “Have many children so that your descendants will live
all over the earth.
- And bring it under their control
- I am putting you in-charge of the fish and all kinds of the fruits for you to eat.
- But for all wild animals and for all the birds I have provided grass and leafy
plants for food and it was done.
- God looked at everything he had made and he was pleased.
- Evening passes and morning came.
APPLICATION
v HOW HUMAN KIND IS MISUSING GOD’S CREATION?
- By poaching animals

- By air and water pollution
- Over fishing in rivers, lakes and oceans
- By deforestation- careless cutting down of trees.
APLLICATION
v HOW HUMAN KIND IS PUTTING TO GOOD USE OF GOD’S CREATION?
- Creation of game parks
- Afforestation- replanting of trees
- Enforcing fish ban to allow fish to breed
- Correct application of chemicals and fertilizers in the soil.
KEY WORD: USING WORK TO EXPLOIT AND OPPRESS OTHERS THE KING
OF EGYPT USED WORK TO EXPLOIT AND OPPRESS THE ISRAELITES
EXODUS 1: 8-14
- Then, a new king who knew nothing about Joseph came to power in Egypt.
- He said to his people, Israelites are numerous and strong that is a threat to us.
- In case of war they might join our enemies’ in order to fight against us and
might escape from our country.
- We must find some way of keeping them from becoming even more numerous.
- So the Egyptians put slavery drivers over them to crash their spirits with hard

labour.
- The Israelites build the cities of Pithom and Rameses.
- To serve as surplus center for the king
- But the more the Egyptians oppressed them
- The more they increased in number and the further they spread through the
land.
- The Egyptians came to fear the Israelites.
- And made their lives miserable by forcing them into cruel slavery.
- They made them work on their building projects and on their fields and they had
no mercy on them.
KEY WORD: USING WORK TO EXPLOIT AND OPPRESS OTHERS THE KING
OF EGYPT USED WORK TO EXPLOIT AND OPPRESS THE ISRAELITES
EXODUS 5: 7-19
- Stop giving the straw for their bricks
- Make them find it themselves.
- But still require them to make the same number of bricks as before not les

bricks.
- They haven’t enough work to do and that is why they keep on asking me to let
them go and offer sacrifices to their God.
- Make these men work harder and keep them busy so that they won’t have time
to listen to a pack of lies.
- Then slaves-drives and the Israelites foremen went out and said to the
Israelites- the king has said that he will not supply you with any more straw.
- He said that you may go and get it for yourselves wherever you can find it, but
you must still make the same number of bricks.
- So the people went all over Egypt looking for straw and the slave drivers kept
forcing them to make the same number of bricks everyday
- As they made when they were given straw.
- The Egyptians slave drivers beat the Israelites foremen whom they had put in
charge of work.
- They demanded why people aren’t making same number of bricks as they made
before.
- Then the foremen went to the king and complained.
- Why do you do this to us your majesty?
- We are given no straw but are ordered to make bricks.
- And now we are beaten. It is your people that are at fault.
- The king answered, you are lazy and don’t want to work and that’s why you ask
me to let you go and offer sacrifices to the Lord.

APPLICATION
v EXPLAIN HOW EMPLOYERS CAN AVOID OPPRESSING AND EXPLOITING

THEIR WORKERS?
- Paying adequate wages according to working hours.
- Giving sick leaves to employees in case of sickness.
- Giving funeral grants
- Giving protective clothing at place of work depending on the nature of job.
- Awarding workers on labour day
- Granting of maternity and paternity leave.
KEY WORD: THE NEED FOR WORKERS NOT TO OVER WORK THEMESELVES.
GOD SET ASIDE A DAY OF REST AND REMEMBERING HIM ON THE
SABBATH
EXODUS 20: 8-11
- Observe the Sabbath and keep it holy.
- You have six days in which to do your work.
- But the seventh day is the day of rest dedicated to me.
- On that one is to work neither you nor your animals
- Nor the foreigner who live in your country

- In six days; I the Lord made the earth, the sky, the sea and everything in them.
- But on the seventh day I rested.
- That is why I the Lord blessed the Sabbath and made it holy.
APPLICATION
v EXPLAIN HOW WORKERS MIGHT BE COMPELLED NOT TO OBSERVE THE

SABBATH
- Doctors/nurses in hospitals in times of emergencies
- Security Officers e. g. Police officers because of security reasons.
- Drivers (train, buses, and planes) because of their work schedule.
- Cooks in institutes of learning e.g. schools
- Essential miners in the mines.
KEY WORD: GIVE THE CONTENT OF A BIBLE PASSAGE FROM THE BOOK
OF DEUTERONOMY WHICH SHOWS HOW THE JEWISH PEOPLE

FORMULATED LAWS TO PROTECT THE WORKERS ESPECIALLY THE
POOR AND UNDERPRIVILEGED
DEUTERONOMY 24: 5-6, 10:15, 19-22
- When a man is newly married, he is not to be drifted into military service or any
other public duty.
- He is to be excused from duty for one year, so that he can stay at home and
make his wife happy.
- When you lend someone something, you are not to take as security his

millstones used for grinding his corn.
- This will take away the family’s means of preparing food to keep alive.
- When you lend a neighbour something, do not go into his house to get the
garment he is going to give you as security.
- Wait outside and let him bring it to you himself.
- If he is poor, do not keep it over night; return it to him each evening, so that he
can have it to sleep in. Then, he will be grateful, and the lord your God will be
pleased with you.
- Do not cheat the poor and needy hired servants, whether fellow –Israelites or
foreigners living in one of your towns.
- Each day before sun set pay them for that day’s work they need the money and
have counted on getting it.
- If you do not pay them, they will cry out against you to the Lord, and you will be
guilt of sin.
- When you gather your corns and fail to bring in some of the corn that you have
cut, do not go back for it, it is to be left for the foreigners, orphans and widows,
so that the lord God will bless you in everything you do.
- When you have picked your olives once, do not go back and those that are left,
are for the foreigner, orphans and widows.
APPLICATION
v EXPLAIN WITH REFERENCE TO THE ABOVE PASSAGE HOW LEADERS TODAY

BEHAVE IN SIMILAR MANNER LIKE THE KING

- Village headmen/chiefs using his people to work on his farm.
- Teachers/head teachers using pupils without payment.
- Officer in charge at a prison using prisoners using his position.
- During campaigns, people campaign for some politicians, but when they are in
power they forget about people campaigned for them.
EXECIRSE:
From the passage above, which laws could you adopt in Zambian in order to protect
the workers and the poor?
KEY WORDS: NEED FOR CO-OPARATION AT A PLACE OF WORK IN

ORDER TO COMPLETE ANY GIVEN WORK
EZRA 3: 7-9
- The people gave money to lay the stone mansons.
- And the carpenters and they gave food.
- Drink and olive oil to be sent to the cities of tyre Sidon
- In exchange for cedar trees from Labanon.
- This was brought by sea to Joppa.
- All this was done with the permission of Cyrus, Emperor of Persia.
- So in the second month of the year at the site of the Temple in Jerusalem.
- They began to work.
- Zerubbabel, Joshua and the fellow countrymen, preists, Levites and all who had

come back to Jerusalem joined in the work.
- All the Levites twenty years of age or older were put in charge of the work of
rebuilding the temple.
- The Levites, Joshua and his sons and his relatives and Kodmiel and his sons.
- Joined together in taking charge of the rebuilding of the temple.
- They were helped by the Levites of the clan of Henadad.
APPLICATION
v USING THE ABOVE TEACHING, WHAT ADVICE WOULD U GIVE TO THE

GOVERNMENT ON THE DEVELOPMENTAL PROGRAMMES?
- The government should involve chiefs in developmental programmes.
- Local people should be involved in the projects e. g. employ local people to

instill a sense of ownership.
- Local people to be consulted on the type of project to be undertaken.
- Close monitoring to be initiated.
- Favourable conditions i.e. wages to be paid to those employed.
- Sensitizing people that development can only come through co-operation
- Forming co-operatives in village communities.
- Let the people understand the importance of individual contributions to

community projects.
- Appoint supervisors in various community groups.

- Give initial capital to co-operatives.
BIBLE CONTENTS
NEW TESTAMENT
KEY WORDS: GOD WANTS TO USE WORK AS A MEANS OF DEVELOPING
OUR TALENTS
MATTHEW 25: 14-30
- The kingdom of heaven will be like this:
- Before leaving for a trip, a landowner put three servants in charge of his
property according to their abilities.
- The first received 5,000 coins, the second received 2, 000 and the third 1, 000.
- The first servant invested his coins and earned 5, 000.
- The second servant invested his coins and earned 2,000
- The third servant hid his 1, 000.
- The land owner came back and settled accounts.
- The first and second handed over their money doubled.
- The land owner said, “Well done good and faithful servants; be in charge of
large amounts; share my happiness”.

- The third said, “you are a hard man, you reap where you did not scatter seed so I
hid your money here it is.”
- The land owner said, “You are bad and lazy. You should have banked the money
to receive interest.
- Give this money to the first servant. He who has something, more will be
forgiven to him.
- He who has nothing, even the little he has will be taken away. Threw the third
servant in the darkness; he will cry and grind his teeth”.
APPLICATION
v EXPLAIN IN FOUR WAYS HOW A SCONDARY SCHOOL PUPIL CAN USE

HIS/HER TALENT TO HELP OTHERS IN SCHOOL
- Pupil who is good in subjects e. g Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry or CRE to

help the less fortunate ones or weak ones.
- Pupils who are good at organizing others e. g Jets, Debates, Choir to help others
to do so.
- Pupils who are good in preaching to preach to others.
- Pupils who are good in sports i’e athletics, football to encourage others to
improve.
KEY WORDS: GOD WANTS PEOPLE TO SERVE OTHERS THROUGH WORK

MATHEW 25: 31-46
- When the son of man comes as a king and all the angels with him, he will sit on
his thrown.
- And people of all nations will be gathered before him.
- He will divide them in two groups just as the shepherd divides the sheep from
the goats.
- He will put the righteous people on his right and the others on his left.
- Then, the king will say to the people on his right come you that are blessed by
my father. come and posses the kingdom which has been prepared for you ever
since the creation of the world.
- I was hungry you fed me, thirsty you gave me a drink, I was naked you clothed
me, I was sick the and took care of me, in prison and you visited me, the
righteous then will answer him and when did we ever see you sick or in prison
and visited you?
- Then the king will reply, “I tell you whenever you did that for one of the least
important of these brothers, you did it for me”.
- Then he will say to those on the left, “Depart from me, you who are cursed into
the eternal fire prepared for the devil and his angels.
- For I hungry and thirsty you gave me nothing to eat or to drink, I was a stranger
and you did not clothe me in, I needed clothe and you did not cloth me, I was
sick and in prison and you did not look after me,
- They will also answer, Lord, when did we see you hungry or thirsty or stranger or
needed clothes or sick or in prison and did not help you?

- He will reply, “I tell you the truth, whatever you did not do for one of the least of
these you did not do it for me.”
- Then they will go to eternal punishment, but the righteous to eternal life.
APPLICATION
v EXPLAIN IN FOUR WAYS HOW THE ZAMBIAN GOVERNMENT IS PUTTING THE

ABOVE IDEALS INTO PRACTICE?
- Welcoming refugees in Zambia and make settlement e. g Maheba refugee

settlement.
- Giving relief food to places affected by drought or floods.
- Governments or NGO, sinking boreholes in places without water
- Constructions of health centers, clinics or hospitals and proving of drugs.
- Churches visiting prisons and preaching good news.
- Government through the churches donating clothes to vulnerable, orphans and

widows.
APPLICATION
v EXPLAIN IN FOUR WAYS HOW A SECONDARY SCHOOL PUPIL CAN PUT THE
ABOVE IDEALS INTO PRACTICE?
- Senior pupils e.g. Grade 12. Welcoming new pupils like grades 8 in school.

- Taking care of the sick friend or escorting him/her to the hospital or sick bay.
- ZYCS visiting prisons to spread the word of God.
- Assisting a friend whose pair of uniform has been stolen, if one has two or
more.
KEY WORDS: PEOPLE ARE URGED TO ATTEND TO OTHER PEOPLE’S NEEDS
BEFORE THEY ATTEND TO THEIR OWN NEEDS AS ATTEDED
TO OTHER PEOPLE’S NEEDS FIRST
MARK 6:30-34
- The disciples returned and met with Jesus and told him all they had done and
taught.
- They were so many people coming and going that Jesus and his disciples didn’t
even have time to eat.
- So he said to them, “Let us go off by ourselves to some place.
- Where we can be alone and you can rest for a while.”
- So they started out in a boat by themselves for a lonely place.
- Many people however, saw them leave and knew at once who they were.
- So they went from all the towns and ran ahead by land and arrived at the place
ahead of Jesus and his disciples.
- When Jesus went out of the boat, he saw this large crowd.
- And his heart was filled with pity for them, because they were like sheep without
a shepherd. So he began to teach them many things.

APPLICATION
v EXPLAIN HOW A YOUNG ZAMBIAN CAN PUT THE ABOVE IDEAS INTO
PRACTICE TODAY?
- A Zambian who is a teacher can sacrifice to give an extra lesson or tuition to

examination classes during holidays or weekends or when there is a strike.
- A Zambian who is a doctor or nurse on leave sacrificing to report for work

during an emergence or accident.
- A Zambian who is a pastor sacrifices to preach the word of God to his followers
even when he/she has a sick child.
- A politician who sacrifices to walk on foot because a vehicle has been broken
down to address meetings.
APPLICATION
v EXPLAIN HOW A SECONDRY SCHOOL PUPIL CAN PUT THE ABOVE IDEAS
INTO PRACTICE TODAY?
- Sacrifices to escort friends to the hospital at night even though he wants to

sleep.
- Sacrifices to help a friend in Mathematics even when he wants to study

Geography.
- Sacrifices to clean the dormitory even if it is not time for Preventive

Maintenance.
- Sacrifices to take food to a sick pupil.
EXERCISE

1. State six ideas about modern Zambian traditional attitudes towards work
2. Describe Hindu attitudes towards work and list their types of work.
3. Give the content of one Old Testament passage in which a prophet Jeremiah
condemned a leader for treating his people unjustly by giving them hard work
and without pay
4. With reference to the above passage, state four ways how a Christian uses the
principles expressed in the passage.
5. List the six problems that are as a result of migration into town.
6. Briefly explain the significance of Pentecost in the Christian church.
7. Give the content of a passage from Luke’s Gospel which shows how Jesus
challenged the Hebrew people to change their attitude of hatred towards their
enemies and foreigners.
8. Give four examples of how a Christian can apply the above teaching in Zambia
today.
9. Describe Hindu attitudes towards work and list their types of work.
10. Illustrate with six examples of how the church in Zambia has trained and is
training people in different skills.
11.Give the content of a Bible passage from the Book of Deuteronomy which
shows how the Jewish people formulated laws to protect the workers especially
the poor and underprivileged.
12.From the passage above, which laws could you adopt in Zambian in order to
protect the workers and the poor?

SUB THEME 2: LEISURE IN A CHANGING SOCIETY
WHAT IS LEISURE?
- Relaxing, resting, enjoying, recreating or rejoicing.
- Not working, free from work and worries.
- Entertainment
- To lead a balance life, everybody need time for leisure
PRESENT SITUATION
- Now days, there are many leisure time actives which never existed in the past e.
g Television watching, disco, film shows, novel reading, video etc.
- Presently most of the leisure activities require money, without money or certain
instruments (equipment) the activities cannot take place.
PROBLEMS ARISING FROM HAVING AN ABUNDANCE OF LEISURE TIME
- Boredom: due to lack of imagination and creativity only depending on money.
- Theft: in order to obtain money and equipment to use.
- Excessive beer drinking: too much time spent in beer halls
- Prostitution: in order to kill time and some in order to get money
- Lack of imagination and creativity: this contributes to boredom in spending

one’s leisure.
NATURAL RESOURCES ARE TO BE CONSERVED AND ENJOYED
- God has blessed us with a rich and beautiful land.
- God has also blessed our country with many natural resources like
∙ Rivers, lakes and falls
∙ Mountains
∙ Wild life
∙ Vegetation
∙ Minerals
CONSTRUCTIVE USE OF LEISURE TIME
- God gave us the earth and all that is in it to use for our benefit.
- We can use the things of this earth constructively, properly, beneficially,

correctly or destructively misuse, improperly and wrongly.
- Sometimes leisure time activities can be good or bad.
- We have the God given gifts to help us enjoy our stay on earth. These are
natural resources.
- Natural resources are to be conserved and enjoyed. And these are rivers, lakes,
waterfalls, mountains, wild life, vegetation, minerals, birds, flowers, trees, sun
etc.
- One of the better ways to enjoy leisure time, not always do we require money in
order to enjoy natural resources.

LEISURE TIME CAN BE USED CONSTRUCTIVELY THROUGH
- Activities to develop personal abilities e. g playing foot ball, musical

instruments, netball, carving, drama, decorating, knitting, weaving etc.
- Activities to be of service to others i.e joining Lion clubs, Rotary club, Red Cross,
Vincent de Paul, boys/girls brigade etc.
LEISURE IN HNDU SOCIETY
FESTIVALS GIVE LEISURE A RELIGIOUS MEAMING FOR HINDUS
In India celebrations are done to mark certain festivals and it is one way of how Hindus
spend their leisure time. In Northern, Eastern and Central India villagers observe:-
1. HOLI – This is the festival to welcome spring, people sprinkle coloured water on
one
another
2. DIWALI- This is the finest of all festivals and certainly the one which children
look
forward most
- Diwali celebrates the triumph of good over evil or light over darkness.
- Relatives, friends and neighbours give gifts of syrup sweets to each other
- The set off fireworks and fire crackersWomen also prepare thousands of little
clay lamps fil them with oil and cotton wicks.
- They place these lamps around the houses and along the streets and walls.

- In the evening these lamps are lit and brighten the villages.
3. DEITIES (gods) –Festival to celebrates gods
- There are many gods in India.
- Each god (deity) has a particular day to be honoured.
4. FESTIVAL OF CATTLE- In southern India, this feast is greatly honoured and
celebrated.
- This festival celebrates the harvest for which man and beast must work
together with all speed before the rains
- The bulls, cows and the bullocks become the center of attraction.
- They are well fed, washed and decorated with flowers as signs of good luck,
their horns are painted gold, red, deep blue or orange with tassels and bells
string to their tips.
5. BIRTHS, WEDDINGS AND FUNRALS- occasions for community gathering.
6. RELIGIOUS FESTIVALS- these are very important in India for Hindus.
- They provide the village with entertainment, piety and reassurance against evil.
- These are also occasions on which each caste asserts each class declares its
place in the hierarchy of society.
- The village as a whole too declares its unity.
- Festivals are very interesting for both who participates or watch as people relax
and enjoy.
LEISURE IN ISLAMIC SOCIETY

FESTIVALS GIVE LEISURE A RELIGIOUS MEANING FOR MOSLEM
- For many Moslems religious festivals are taken as part of leisure
- It is a religion that places much importance on prayer.
- A devout Moslems prays five times a day
- In most Islamic countries, religious holidays are also public holidays.
- Holidays include:-
∙ Birth of Mohammad
∙ Celebrating a birthday of Fatima Mohammad’s daughter
∙ Mourning the death of his grandson Hussein
- On Mohammad’s birthday the Muslims offer thanksgiving prayers to God for

sending his prophet to declare to the world the “right path of living”.
- There are also private celebrations at birth, circumcision and wedding of an

individual.
- There is great celebration which a child has learnt the Quran (Koran).
- Gifts are given to the child and his teacher.
- The greatest religious observance for Muslims is Ramadan.
- During this period, a faithful Moslem tries to feed at least one person per day.
- This happens during the 9th month of the Muslim Lunar calendar.
- There is complete fast (not eating, drinking and smoking) from sunrise to
sunset.

- After sunset there is \a shadow play for entertainment.
- Lights of the last 10 days are used for charitable works.
- At the end of Ramadan is the feast of sacrifice.
- It commemorates the end of Mohammad’s pilgrimage from Mecca to Medina.
- Such feasts are celebrated by Muslims in a similar way all over the world.
- Religion and life come together meaningfully in Muslim festivals and feast.
LEISURE IN AFRICAN TRADITION SOCIETY
TRADITIONAL ZAMBIAN WAY OF USING LEISURE
- Conversation
- Singing and dancing
- Story telling
- Sculpture (carving)
- Beer party
TRADITIONAL ZAMBIAN LEISURE ACTIVITIES REFLECTS LIFE
- Hymn is the expression of the life- force within us.
- It is symbolic both of the relationship with other people and all created things.
- Ritual dances are celebrated the important events of life.
- They are a religious meaning

- They are in the nature of prayer.
- Ritual dances remained unchanged.
TRADITIONAL AND PRESENT DAY ACTIVITIES
In the past most of the leisure activities were carried out without any need of money.
People used to relax and entertain themselves during their leisure moments at no cost
at all such activities like
∙ Decorate the house
∙ Listen to or tell traditional stories
∙ Cave a piece of wood
∙ Participate in traditional dancing
∙ Take a walk
∙ Plaint hair
∙ Talk with friends etc.
AT PRESENT MOST OF THE LEISURE ACTIVITIES REQUIRE MONEY AND

INSTRUMENTS
- Many youths or school pupils do not like to spend their holidays in villages as
they say “it is boring” there is nothing to do there.
- These activities involve the use of modern inventions without which the
activities could not take place.
- For instance, you cannot go to disco without sound instruments.
- Go to film show without a film.

- Travel in a car without a car.
YET, MODERN LEISURE ACTIVITIES ARE VERY MUCH ENJOYED.
Our attitude towards leisure time activities therefore, is quite different than in the past.
We know that change is inevitable and that we cannot put aside modern ways. It is on
indisputable fact that we need money today for many activities.
CHURCH HISTORY
- The Church teaches that the earth is ours to be used and enjoyed.
- From the beginning of the Old Testament when God reveled himself to man, the
Israelites believed God gave them creation to enjoy.
- Things of the earth were used to maximum
- They loved to celebrate their feast with prayer, songs, and dances, eating and
drinking.
- In the gospel of ST. JOHN we see Jesus attending a wedding and even
providing wine for the (feast) ceremony.
- It is a sign that Jesus well understood that the fruits of this earth are used and
enjoyed by man.
BIBLICAL ATTITUDE TOWARDS LEISURE
- One purpose of Leisure to enjoy life to its fullest.
- If we believe that the body is evil and we are to punish it because it is the source
of our sinfulness, then we shall not allow ourselves to enjoy the fruits of
creation to any great extent. The above is the biblical attitude.
PAGAN ATTITUDES TOWARDS LEISURE

- In the early Church, there was a group of Greek pagans called stoics
- They believed that you must not give the body any pleasure because it will
weaken the will (spirit) and make man unable to emphasis the higher value of
courage mental alertness and determination.
- No smiles, no tasty food, no jokes, no dancing etc.
- Some early converts to Christianity came from such cultural background and
could not easily disassociate themselves from rich ideas.
- They believed the body was evil and was the vehicle of sin.
- As a result they could not indulge in any pleasure
- Some Christians today follow this pagan view, while other Christians follow
these two opposite views.
RENUNCIATION IN THE EARLY CHURCH
- The word Renunciation comes from the verb renounce.
- It means to give up something, to say no to it.
- If we are too taken up with material concerns we can easily forget God.
- It is not that we should but put aside the joys of creation and live a life of
sadness and deprivation.
- But we should realize that our exaggerating materials comforts and pleasures
can lead us to lose their spiritual values that we should hold dearly.
WRONG CONCEPT OF RENOUNCIATION

- Some Christians in the early Church took up an incorrect notion of renunciation
that the body was evil and was to be punished.
- They believed in two principles light (good) and darkness (evil).
- The soul belonged to light and the body to darkness.
- They said believers must renounce meat, wine and marriage.
- Work was considered important than the rest.
- They believed that suffering and poverty in them was good.
- They thought that they pleased God when they give up material comfort and
pleasure.
- They believed that the means are the end to enter eternity forgetting that the
means are always a vehicle to reach an end.
- They never celebrated; they concentrated more on bad things than on good.
CORRECT CONCEPT OF RENUNCIATION
- In the early Church some other Christians realized that if Church if they
concentrate too much on material things and pleasure could easily forget God.
- They got closer to God by renouncing fancy clothes and food and lived a simple
life.
- They decided not to get married or to own property.
- They believed and knew all these to be good as they are part of God’s creation.
- But they gave them up to be more free to pray and serve God better.
- To them it was useless to give away something good if you did not replace with

something better.
- They believed that to please God, one had to replace material comforts and
pleasures
with prayers and works of mercy and service. Examples of these people are the
Monks and Hermits.
CHRISTIANS ATTITUDES TOWARDS TRADITIONAL LEISURE TIME ACTIVITIES
- Some of the early missionaries had attitudes that were influenced more by
pagan view of recreation and the wrong understanding of it.
- Some missionaries were against traditional activities because they thought that
the body was being given too much importance over the spirit.
- Some Churches condemned dancing, storytelling and beer drinking as sinful.
- Today the Church appreciates traditional forms leisure time activities.
- It is the forefront to preserve those forms e. g Moto Moto Museum in Northen

Province.
- Missionaries came to learn that traditional leisure activities were valuable and
have to continue and to be encouraged.
- Though they condemned abuse of beer drinking (drunkenness)
- In the past beer party was there and often still is an important way of passing
time and building relationships.
- Many people co-operate in providing for and fixed customs were observed.
- Life is hard to live at times so why not enjoy every moment you can?

- Today, however, money equalizes all people and is the only requirement for
having a beer.
- The beer now days is not related to any social activities as necessarily related
to one’s social group, but usually has become a means of forgetting and
especially problems.
- Sometimes it destroys the relations instead of contributing to community

building.
MIDDLE AGES
THE CHURCH IN ZAMBIA AND LEISURE TIME ACTIVITIES FOR THE YOUTH
- The Church in Zambia know that the young people in Zambia have got amount
of energy to spend and are capable of doing great things for themselves and for
society.
- This energy can be misused and misdirected if youths are not helped
adequately and evil and harm can be done to society by youths.
- A well known proverb says that “An idle mind is the devils’ work shop”.
- This can be done to the young people if not helped.
- There is much leisure time left for the youths who go to secondary schools and
those who are out of the school with no employment.
- The Churches in Zambia are very much involved in creating constructive leisure
activities for youths.
- Many Church youth organisations such as groups, movements, clubs have set

up to teach young men and women:-
∙ Discipline themselves
∙ Be active Christians
∙ Involve themselves solving society problems
∙ Charitable works
∙ Drilling and matching
∙ Bible study
∙ Games and debates
- Most of the youth groups help to try to have teenagers channel their energies in
the right direction.
- They have a variation of what they see, judge and act approach.
- There is a stress on commitment to Christ and service to society.
- Young peoples’ groups include:-
∙ Boys Brigade (BB)
∙ Girls Brigade (GB),
∙ Young Christian Student (YCS)
∙ Young Fransicans
∙ Xaverian ,
- Many reforms movements developed during the middle age.
- St. Francis of Assis stressed the goodness of all created things and called

people back to Christian joy.
- Part of the reform movements started making Churches as beautiful as

possible for the Glory of God.
- Churches were richly decorated with carvings in wood and stone.
- These decorations often showed great enjoyment of plants and animal life.
- The widows told scripture…… on commemorated saints.
- Hence, part of the Monks time was always set aside for recreation but some
ended of misbehaving and had to be corrected for spending too much time on
hunting and other sport.
AFTER THE REFOMATION
- Protestant reforms insisted on the point that Christians should follow the
command of Christ which is to be Holy.
- They thought that Christians should life strict lives having nothing to do with
any amusement.
- Though not forbidden for people who were dedicated to God’s service.
- Catholic reforms also called Christians to a much higher standard of Christian

living. Religious orders were formed and new ones founded with strict
obedience to the rule of life.
- In each congregation obedience was highly demanded.
- Missionaries who came to Africa believed that Christians should not take any
strong drink at all, any amusement like dancing, acting plays were unwise for

Christians.
- Limitations ceremonies were widely condemned.
- All in all African cultures were considered paganism.
- But Churches today help in creating means of leisure activities
- Certain cultural activities are being encouraged.
- They were working hard to adopt African culture into the pattern of Christianity
and there is more emphasis among christens on the human joys which Jesus
call people to share.
- There is great encouragement on inculturation i. e mixing good culture in

Christianity.
LEISURE IN THE OLD TESTAMENT
- The Hebrew people of the Old Testament were very well balanced people.
- It is that they were generally hard workers but they were also realised the need
to balance their lives with time of rest and enjoyment.
- The Sabbath was for them such a time.
- They also celebrated many religious feasts the object which was twofold: to
rest and to praise God for a particular reason
- For them genuine peace and relaxation during leisure moments came only when
trust in God was present in them.
HEBREW RELIGIOUS FESTIVALS
Special feasts were celebrated at important times in the agricultural calendar

1. FEASTS OF UNLEAVENED BREAD
- At the beginning of the barley harvest this feast was held.
- It commemorated the exodus of the Hebrew people from Egypt to the Promised
Land.
- The barley sheaf was offered.
- It was also connected to the “Angel of Death’ passing over the homes of
Hebrews.
- Sparing them from death and bringing it to the first born male of every Egyptian
household.
- It became in Israelites tradition the most important feast for commemorating

exodus
- They ate unleavened bread.
1. FEAST OF WEEKS
- This took place at the time of harvest
- Seven weeks after the barley harvest
- A barley sheaf was offered
- It marks the official ending of harvest
- Animals were sacrificed.
2. FEAST OF TABERNACLES
- The feast became one of the Hebrews three feasts of obligation

- It was also a harvest festival
- Rough bushes shelters were made to remind them of their ancestors match
from Egypt to Canaan.
- The shelters were also useful in the fields at harvest time.
- They gave protection to those guarding the ripe crops.
- The feast of Tabernacles was held in the seventh month of their calendar.
- Sacrifices were offered and people made pilgrimage to Jerusalem.
BIBLE CONTENTS
OLD TESTAMENT
KEY WORD: JEWISH BELIEF THAT LEISURE TIME ACTIVITIES HAVE A PLCE
IN A PERSON’S LIFE
ECCLESIASTES 3:1-8
- Everything that happens at a time God chooses
- He set time for birth and death
- The time for planting and pulling

- The time for killing and healing
- The time for tearing down and building
- The time for sorrow and joy
- The time for mourning and dancing
- For making love and not making love
- For kissing and not kissing
- For finding and losing
- For saving and throwing away
- For tearing and mending
- For silence and for talking
- For love and for hate
- For war and for peace
APPLICATION
v WITH REFERENCE TO THE ABOVE PASSAGE, SHOW WHY A PERSON NEEDS

BOTH WORK AND LEISURE IN HIS LIFE
- Life is made of the opposite and both must be respected.
- The world needs work to develop but leisure to recreate
- Work with no play makes a tired and boring person.
- Work with no leisure makes a community difficult to develop
- Work with no leisure leaves little time to praise and enjoy God.

KEY WORDS: KEEP THE SABBATH HOLY
DEUTERONOMY 5: 12-15
- Observe the Sabbath and keep it holy
- I the lord your God has commanded you.
- You have six days in which to do your work.
- But the seventh day is the day of rest and dedicated to me.
- On that day no one is to work
- Neither you, your children, your slaves, your animals, nor the foreigners who live
in your country
- Your slaves must rest just as you do
- Remember that your God rescued you by my great power and strength.
- That is why I command you to observe the Sabbath.
THE LORD OUR SHEPHARD
KEY WORDS: TRUSTING IN THE LORD LEADS TO PEACEFUL RELAXTION

TODAY
PSALM 23
- The lord is shepherd
- I have everything I need.
- He lets me rest in fields of green grass.
- He leads me to quite pools of fresh water.

- He gives me new strength.
- He guides me in the right path.
- Even if I go through the deepest valley of death.
- I will not be afraid , Lord, for you are with me
- You prepare a banquet for me in the sight of my foes.
- You welcome me as a honoured guest and fill my cup to the brim
- Your goodness and love will be with me all my life.
- Your house will be my home as long as I live.
APPLICATION
v USING IDEAS FROM THE ABOVE PASSAGE, SHOW WITH FOUR PRACTICAL
EXAMPLES HOW A ZAMBIAN PUPIL CAN RELAX DURING HIS/HER STAY IN
SCHOOL
- Trust in the lord and avoid anxiety.
- Be more concerned with the kingdom than with food, drinks and clothes.
- Appreciate the gifts God has put at our disposal-do not be envious of others
- Live in the present moment e. g stop imagining an unnatural everlasting life/life

building castles in the air.
- Remember the gift of everlasting life God wants to give his followers. e.g a pupil
should share this gift with other pupils other than joining bad groups.
BIBLE CONTENTS
NEW TESTAMENT
KEY WORDS: JESUS HAD TIME FOR WORK, PRAYER, RELAXATION,

CELEBRATING AND REFLECTION
MATTHEW 15: 31 (WORK)
- The people were amazed as they saw the dumb speaking
- The crippled made whole, the lame walking
- The blind seeing and they praised the Lord of Israel.
LUKE 6:12 (PRAYER)
- At that time JESUS went up a hill to pray.
- And he spent the whole night there praying to God
LUKE 4:16 (PRAYER)
- Then Jesus went to Nazareth where he had been brought up and it was on
Sabbath.
- He went as usual to the synagogue. He stood up to read the scripture.
LUKE 5:29 (CELEBRATING)
- Then levy had a big feast in his house for Jesus.

- Among the guest were a large number of tax collectors and other people.
LUKE 21:1-2 (REFLECTING)
- Jesus looked around and saw a rich man dropping gifts in the temple treasury.
- And he saw a very poor widow dropping in two little copper coins.
MARK 6:31 (RELAXATION)
- Let us go by ourselves to some place where we will be alone and you can rest
for a while.
LUKE 10: 38 (RELAXATION)
- As Jesus and his disciples went on their way he came to village where a
woman named Martha welcomed him in her house.
APPLICATION
v GIVE FOUR WAYS IN WHICH A CHRISTIAN WORKER TODAY CAN BE

HINDERED FROM PRAYER, REFLECTION, CELEBRATION AND RELAXATION.
- The company that demands its workers to work on Saturday and Sundays. This
hinders them from prayer.
- A worker who engages himself in many activities which generates money to

feed the family, thus no time for relaxation.
- High cost of living causes one no to celebrates their birthdays and wedding
anniversaries.
- People are worried about what they will eat such that they fail to reflect on life.
KEY WORDS: THE ONLY PURPOSE OF THE SABBATH WAS FOR REST

AND WORSHIP AND NOT WORK
MARK 2: 23-28
- Jesus was walking through some corn fields on the Sabbath
- As his disciples walking alone with him, they began to pick the ears of corn.
- Pharisees said to Jesus, look it is against our law for your disciples to do that
on the Sabbath.
- Jesus answered, have you ever read about David did that time when he needed
something to eat.
- He and his men were hungry.
- So, he went into the house of God and ate the bread offered to God.
- This happened when Abiathar was the high Priest. According to our law only the
priest may eat this bread, but David ate it and gave it to his men.
- Jesus concluded, the Sabbath was made for the good of human beings.
- They were not made for the Sabbath.
- So the sun of man is Lord even of the Sabbath.
KEY WORDS: IT IS ONLY THROUGH TOTAL TRUST IN GOD THAT WE

CAN FIND RELAXATION AND ENJOYMENT DURING OUR
LEISURE MOMENT

MATTHEW 6: 25-34
- Don’t worry about food, drink or clothes for the body.
- Life is worth more than God.
- Look at the birds, they do not sow seeds, gather a harvest and put it in bans.
- Yet your father in heaven takes care of them.
- Aren’t you worth more than birds?
- Can any of you live a bit longer by worrying about it?
- And why worry about clothes?
- Look how the wild flowers grow.
- They do not work or make cloths for themselves.
- But I tell you that not even King Solomon with all his wealth had clothes as
beautiful as one of these flowers.
- It is God who clothes the wild grass – grass that is here today and gone
tomorrow.
- Won’t he be all the more sure to clothe you?
- How little faith you have.
- So do not start worrying, where will my food come from or drink or my clothes?
- Your father in heaven knows that you need all these things.
- Instead, be concerned above everything else with the kingdom of God and with
what he requires of you.

- And he will provide you with all these other things.
- So do not worry about tomorrow, it will have enough worries of its own.
- There is no need to add the troubles each day brings.
APPLICATION
KEY WORD: PEACE AND JOY THAT WE SEEK DURING LEISURE TIME
WILL ONLY BE COMPLETE IN HEAVEN
REVELATION 21:1-4
- Then I saw a new heaven and a new earth
- The first heaven and first earth disappeared.
- The sea vanished.
- I saw the Holy city, the New Jerusalem coming out of heaven from God.
- Prepare and ready like a bride dresses to meet her husband.
- I heard a voice from the throne.
- Now the God’s home with the human beings.
- He will live with them.
- He will be their God.
- He will wipe away all tears from their eyes.
- There shall be no more tears no more crying no more pain.
- The old things have disappeared.

APPLICATION
v WHAT ADVICE WOULD ONE GIVE TO A CHRISTIAN FRIEND WHO HAS HAD
MANY MISFORTUNES IN LIFE THAT HAVE BEEN A SOURCE OF CONSTANT
WORRY
- To accept that this life cannot be free of worries.
- Hardships of tears will pass away.
- Only Jesus’ second coming will bring total happiness.
- New Jerusalem will bring it to a deep new peace and relaxation.
EXERCISE
1. Explain how the feast of the unleavened bread gave leisure a religious meaning
among the Hebrews.
2. Show how the festivals of cattle give leisure a religious meaning for Hindus.
3. Give the content of a bible passage from Ecclesiastes which shows the Jewish
beliefs that leisure time activities have a place in a person’s life.
4. With reference to the above passage, show why a person needs both work and
leisure in life
5. List Three natural resources we have in Zambia and state how we can use it in
our leisure time.
6. State four ideas that explain briefly what Divali is to a Hindu.
7. Give the content of selected Bible passages from Luke, Mark and Mathew
which show how Jesus took time to pray, work, relax, celebrate and reflect

8. List and describe briefly four holidays in Zambia that give leisure time and
relaxation to both young and old people.
9. State any six teachings of work in Islam.
10.List any six teachings of Karl Marx on work.
11.Give the content of a passage from the Old Testament where Man is urged to
put to good use God’s creation.
12. With reference to the above passage, show how Human kind is misusing God’s
creation in Zambia today.
13.Give six teachings of the Church about work in Zambia today
14.Give six reasons why the Monasteries lost their balance between work and
prayer
15. Narrate a parable from Mathew’s gospel which explains that God wants to use
work as a means of developing our talents.
16.Explain in four ways how a girl at St. Therese School can use her talent to help
other girls in school.
17.List six present day leisure activities.
18.List six ways in which churches in Zambia are involved in creative leisure time
activities for the youth.
19.Give the content of the selected bible passage from the Gospels of Luke, Mark
and Mathew of how Jesus took time to pray, works, relax, celebrate and reflect.
20.Give six examples how a person today can use his or her leisure time
constructively.

21.Explain briefly how the feast of unleavened bread gave leisure a religious
meaning among the Hebrews.
22.Briefly explain what Ramadan means to a real Muslem.
23.Give the content of a passage from Ecclesiastes which shows Jewish belief
that leisure time activities have a place in a person’s life.
24.With reference to the above passage, show why a person needs both work and
leisure in life
MAJOR THEME: ORDER AND FREEDOM IN

SOCIETY
SUB THEME: JUSTICE IN SOCIETY
DEFINITION OF TERMS
1. ORDER: Other words for order: Arrange, organize, correct, right, peace, neatness,
Careful, control, proper, co-operate, loyal, just, good, well etc
2. FREEDOM: Independence, right, duty, privilege, chance, peace, happiness, joy,
Want, unlimited, general, not biased, power etc
Initially freedom goes with order. Though there is freedom in the society yet there are
rules and laws to maintain order. In every society or group of people there are rules
and regulations which the members are expected to observe, so that they can achieve
their goals. People need order in their lives as well as justice and laws to help them

enjoy freedom.
It is often easier to give examples of injustices than to try to give examples of justice.
- Justice is a work of fair treatment.
- Right and correct way of acting and behaving.
PRESENT SITUATION
- In present situation, justice means respect for the mutual rights of every
individual.
- It is a situation where man is treated fairly as the one who has the right to live.
- Develop fully and his human dignity preserved both by self and the society.
PERSONAL EXPERIENCES OF INJUSTICE
- At one time or the other, we have all been treated unjustly sometimes due to our
own fault and sometimes because we are young.
- We are a different tribes, we are not in authority or because we are in authority.
- In schools pupils or students are unjustly treated by teachers or those in lower

grades by those in upper grades.
- In homes, some children are treated unjustly by parents especially the orphans.
A story of Paul in the text book for grade ten.
INJUSTICE WITHIN SOCIAL SYSTEM
- Sometimes justice is over looked socially and society as a whole determines

that a certain practice is justified where as in actual fact it is an unjust practice.
- Some acts have been passed by law and been authorised by the government

though they are not just e.g abortion in some countries have been permitted and
clinics of hospitals have been set up for this.
- In the present situation the following acts are considered justified while they are
forms of injustices.
1. Bribery: The offer of money or gift to bring about some usually

illegal or dishonest benefit to the giver.
2. Blackmail: It is a threat to expose discreditable information about

someone to obtain money of favour from him.
3. Abortion: Procuring a premature birth in order to destroy the baby,

thus denying the child’s right to life.
4. Nepotism: Showing unfair favour to relatives in allocating jobs,

promotions, loans etc
5. Tribalism: Showing unfair favour to members of one’s tribe in

allocating jobs, promotions, loans etc.
6. Absenteeism: Being away from work either very frequently or

without good reasons.
7. Violence: The unjust use of physical force which can result in

injury, murder, rape or war.
8. Incompetence: Lacking the ability to do the job at hand. This

results in errors that are expensive and damaging.
9. Indoctrination: A form of teaching which strives to close people’s

minds against the possibility of critical thought.
- Injustices can be found in all phases of life.

- We can see it in secondary schools e.g the tradition of harassing first year
students
- In a family were a father mistreats his wife and children or in a family were a
mother mistreats her husband and children.
- However, everyone must do something to get rid of injustice because justice is

always people’s need to leave and develop fully.
Injustice is usually described as the breaking down of good relationship among

people.
THE DIFFICULT OF DECIDING HOW TO ACT JUSTLY
- In human life we are bound to make up decisions.
- Sometimes it is very easy to make decisions.
- We are confronted with issues very difficult to decide.
- Some decisions can be taken to be made unjustly.
- There are times when each reason for only choice is worth and adequate but
you are only given one choice.
- Here it is very difficult to decide justly thus one has to look for priorities and
goals of the decision. Example on page 103-105 pupils CRE text book grade ten
(old one).
THE SEARCH FOR JUSTICE
- The search for justice demands an informed vision. If we are to become sincere
in the search to bring justice into our society. We must try to put personal
feelings and opinions and then work at arriving at an “informed vision” of what

life should be like.
- This means to have all the necessary information, details, and truth about a
certain subject or problem (i.e informed).
- Vsion is that which is in the future what should be but may not be at the present,
- The following are the three steps to have an informed vision:-
1. We must try to understand and know how things are.
2. We must consider how they could be.
3. We must do something to make things better
CHAMPIONS OF JUSTICE
There have always been people in the world that have seen unjust situations in
their societies and have tried to put things right. Among those people are:
∙ Mahatma Ghandi
∙ Albert Luthuli
∙ Don Heilder Camara
∙ Martin Luther King (junior)
∙ Chief Mosheshe
All the above believed strongly in liberating the poor from misery by
non-violence means.
1. MAHATMA GHANDI: NON-VIOLENCE AND JUSTICE

- He was one of the modern world greatest and most successful reformer
- He lived a simple life and was deeply spiritual
- He shunned western clothes
- He eat no meat
- He drunk only goat’s milk and worked a spinning wheel
- He meditated on the meaning of life and the place of religion in it
- He pointed out that without purity of life all education and learning is just and a
hindrance to true progress of the world.
- He also stated that at the back of every word he uttered and every act there was
a religious consciousness, and a down-right religious motive.
- He believed that the way of political freedom was through personal freedom.
- Every individual had to arrive at an an inner freedom that only came from
humility, good and honest living, deep contemplation, prayer and total self-
knowledge.
- Though this one is work can be used to free others
- With such belief Ghandi led a style of resistance to injustice in India called
Satyagraha meaning non-violence.
- He even obtained impendence for India though with sufferings, beatings and
even imprisonment.
- He often said “ God is truth”
- That is to say the development of truth a non- violent fearlessness is

indispensable.
- Fear is the sign of untruth and violence.
- Cowardice is born of fear and is the greatest of violence and bloodshed.
- Mahatma Ghandi’s conviction was that non-violence is the path to justice.
- He was assassinated in 1848 with a bullet.
2. CHIEL ALBERT LUTHULI ( SOUTH AFRICA)
- He found Africa National Congress ANC in South Africa is his late forties.
- He was then elected president of the Natal Branch in 1952.
- Luthuli led the defiance campaign against unjust racialist law that separated
non- whites from whites.
- He encouraged his people (black) to enter door marked for whites; sit in offices
and benches for Europeans only using non-violence means.
- He finally became president General of ANC.
- In 1961, he was awarded the prestigious Noble peace Prize for the courage and
commitment to non-violence in seeking justice for his people.
3. DON HEILDER CAMARA (ARCHIBISHOP OF OLINDA IN BRAZIL)
- He was an Archbishop of Olinda and relief in Brazil.
- There was unequal distribution of wealth in Brazil.
- Wealth was only in the hands of few people.
- The majority of people lived in extreme poverty of sub- human conditions

- He openly spoke out against the government which kept the poorer.
- He believed in non-violence in resolving the problems.
- He encouraged people to protest peacefully.
4. MARTIN LUTHER KING JUNIOR (U.S.A)
- He was born in the city of Georgia in the U.S.A
- Both parents were religious people who taught him to have faith and trust in the
almighty God.
- He however, suffered many humiliations and insults from the whites at an early
age.
- Martin was enrolled at 17 years of age at more- House College.
- He wanted to study sociology but later changed his course to study Theology.
- Martin was ordained a Minister and appointed assistant Pastor of Ebenezer

Church in the city of Athlanta.
- He later began to fight for equality and dignity for the black Americans as the
white segregated them. He was insulted, spat at and even stabled but never
revenged.
- He is often referred to the champion of love and non- violence.
- He received Noble peace Prize in Osio Norway on 10th December, 1964.
- He was unfortunately assassinated on 4th April, 1968.
THE COMMITMENT PLEDGE OF MARTIN LUTHER KING (TEN COMMANDMENTS)
1. Meditate dilly on the teaching and life of Jesus.

2. Remember always that the non-violent movement seeks on the justice and
reconciliation not victory.
3. Walk and talk in the in the manner of love, for God’s love.
4. Pray daily to be used by God in order that all men might be free.
5. Sacrifice personal wishes in order that all men must be free.
6. Observe with both friends and foe the ordinary rule of courtesy.
7. Seek to perform regular service for others and for the world.
8. Refrain from the violence of fist tongue or heart.
9. Strive to be in good spiritual and bodily health.
10.Follow the directions of the movement and of the captain on a demonstration.
To achieve justice and attain indifference, Mahatima Ghandi encourage his people to :-
∙ Demonstrate in streets.
∙ Refuse to work.
∙ Make their grievances know to the colonial government.
∙ To have no fear.
He used non-violent Satyagraha to fight injustice.
5. CHIEF MOSHESHE ( FOUNDER OF BASUTU NATION)
- He was outstanding for his effort to create peace in his country.

- For 30 years that he ruled, he worked at peace with his people and neighbours
- He is described as chief who never began war but only fights when attacked.
- He said that, peace is like the rain which refreshes the friends green but war is
like the wind that withers them.
A HUMANIST MUST WORK TOWARDS JUSTICE
As a humanist, Dr. Kenneth Kaunda the former president of Zambia stated that, a
humanist must strive to create conditions, not only in one state but also throughout
the world in which violence will cease to be the order of the day. Self violation of one’s
spiritual and moral being
- Physical violence by the state against an individual and vice-versa.
- Physical violence between two states against another group of states.
- He continued to say that all should strive to bring about a state of affairs in
which there is no violence like division of race, colour, creed, tribe, religion and
self poverty, hunger, ignorance, crime, disease and exploitation of man, war,
competing ideologies, over-large populations, pollution and run-down finite
resources.
- He summed up by quoting Jesus teaching, “They will be done as it is in heaven”

for the will of God to be done on earth.
- Human beings must learn to love their neighbours as they love themselves.
- And learn to do to others as they would love others to do to them.
THE TEACHING OF MOHAMMAD OF SOCIAL JUSTICE
- The master should not give his servant with work beyond his power.

- Whoever gets a loan should pay back the loan.
- Aims giving to be given to the poor.
- No back-biting or slandering.
- A wife should not be expelled from home unless with a proven crime.
AFRICAN TRADITION
TRADITIONAL IDEAS ABOUT JUSTICE
- Today in Zambia, there seems to be a growing emphasis on the individuals at

the expensive of the good of the community.
- In traditional society, the good of the community was far more important than
any one individual.
- Community needs and harmony were closely linked with justice.
- Dr. Kaunda in his statement, the tribal community was a ‘ Mutual society’
- It was organized to satisfy the basic human needs of all its members and
therefore, individualism was discouraged which shows how important
maintaining community satisfying needs and creating harmony were more
important in traditional society.
- It justice was to be preserved, most recourses such as land, animals (cattle)

were communally owned and administered by chiefs and village headmen for
the benefit of everyone. The hungry stranger would eat in the garden a banana,
maize or cassava without a penalty.

FOUR IMPORTANT IDEAS ABOUT JUSTICE IN ZAMBIAN
- Justice is not concerned mostly with revenge or punishment.
- Reconciliation (restoration of judicial processes not punishment).
- Compensation (paying back).
- Harmony (living at peace with others in society)
TRADITIONAL BELIEFS AND PRACTICES THAT MIGHT BE CONSI DERED UNJUST
- There are four types of injustices which existed and at times still exist in
Zambian traditional society.
- Harsh treatment of the insane and crippled
- Mistrust of member of a different tribe than ours.
- Being jealous of someone who prospers materially.
- Witch- hunting (belief in witchcraft and mistreating of wizards
CHURCH HISTORY
SLAVERY IN THE EARLY CHURCH
- The Church contributed to justice through the abolishment of slavery.
- The Church soon started discouraging the institution of slavery.
- Within the Church, there was no difference between the slave and freemen all
were equal in Christ.
- Christians were encouraged to free their slaves.
- Several free slaves became dedicated Christians some even became Bishops

and priests,
- One became pope in the third century- CALLISTUS
- In Church, marriages between slaves were just valid as those of freemen

although in Roman laws the slaves had no rights in marriage.
- However, there was a time when the Church was becoming rich and powerful
through the gifts from those who owned slaves and death lift money and
properly to the Church.
- The Bishop and the clergy in these Churches did not want to change the
position; as they also benefited from the money given to the Church.
- To question slavery is to question that which made it position for the rich to live
comfortably.
- Protest about slavery was therefore, discouraged.
THE AFRICAN SLAVE TRADE
- In the fifteenth century, Portuguese made their way along the coast of Africa to
India.
- They found gold in Africa and started to trade with the slaves.
- The slaves were taken to Brazil and elsewhere in America to work on the forms
and plantations
- The slaves suffered as they went in slave ships to cross the Atlantic Ocean and
many died on the way.
- For centuries before these African slaves had been taken, North across the
Sahara and sold to the Arabs on the slave markets of North Africa.

- Some Christians especially priests, involved themselves in helping the slaves
and tried to talk to slave owners and tried to talk to slave owners to stop this
type of injustice.
- The greatest friend the slaves in America was:- St. Peter Claver a Spanish priest
who spent his whole life trying to help slave.
- Giving them food, medicine and teaching them Christian faith through
interpreter catechists.
- He visited the mines and plantations where they worked.
- Though he met oppositions, he never gave up. (He worked for 40 years)
- He arranged care for the sick and used to pray with them.
INJUSTICES FOUND IN AFRICAN SLAVE TRADE
- Depopulations many were killed.
- Hunger and starvation: people did not have enough food.
- Destruction to property and food were destroyed, e.g crops, houses etc.
- Introduction of a new disease: slave traders brought in a new disease such as

syphilis.
- Loss of identity, people captured as slaves were separated from relatives and
friends.
- Insecurity; people lived in constant fear of Slave Traders.
- Collapse of kingdoms; some Kingdoms were attacked and ceased.
ZAMBIAN CHRISTIANS WHO TRIED TO REMOVE INJUSTICE

- When we think of injustice in Zambia on a national scale.
- We naturally first of colonial rule and the humiliation our people had to go
through before gaining independence.
- We think of all those who suffered on our behalf.
- The birth of the congress in 1948 was a land mark in our political development.
- In 1951 it became known as Northern Rhodesia Africa National Congress (A.

N.C) its president was Harry Nkumbula.
- Years later the imposition of federation on the people, Donald Siwale had his
words to say about the so called Partnership mentioned in the preamble of the
federal constitution.
- “Then they thought of partnership. That was their teaching. But then something
strange happened. We heard that Africans were the junior partners, we said,
look here, you did not bring money here, but you found it in our soil, we should
be the first partners”.
- In October, 1958, Zambia National Congress was formed but quickly banned
and many leaders were put in jail.
- Shortly after UNIP was formed.
- In 1960, Kaunda was released from jail as he was put there for his the injustices
of colonial rule and Federation.
- He worked tirelessly marking people aware of their rights and to drum up

opposition to the plain of Federation.
- In March 1963, Nkumbula burned the British white paper of Federation and
called for two days of National Prayer.

- Throughout political struggle, the leaders of A.N.C and UNIP felt back on
Christian principles to defend their opposition. At times the Church was not
zealous for independence as were the Christian leaders of different political
parties that existed at that time.
- They were convinced that freedom and justice for their people were worth
fighting for because of the teachings of their Christian on social justice.
- It was that same faith that gave leaders like Kenneth Kaunda, Harry Nkumbula
and Kapwepwe the strength and courage to continue the fight for independence
which was finally achieved on 24th October, 1964.
BIBLE CONTENTS
OLD TESTAMENT
KEY WORDS: THE HEBREWS ARE REMIND NOT TO ILL TREAT THE WIDOWS,
ORPHANS, FOREIGNERS AND THE POOR IN THE SOCIETY
EXODUS 22: 21-27; 23: 1-8
- Do not oppress foreigners
- Do not ill treat widows and orphans
- If you do, I the Lord, will hear them and kill you in war.
- Your wives will become widows and your children fatherless.
- If you lend money to the poor, do not ask interest
- If you take someone’s clock as a pledge, give it back before sunset.

- Because he needs it as a blanket. If you don’t,
- I will hear his cries; I am merciful.
- Do not spread rumors; give no false evidence.
- Do not wrong, do not pervert justice.
- Show no partiality to a poor man at his trial.
- Take an enemy’s stray cow or donkey back to him.
- Help an enemy’s donkey to its feet.
- Give justice to a poor man in court.
- I shall condemn a person who makes false accusations or put an innocent man
to death.
- Accept no bribe because this harms the innocent.
APPLICATION
v WITH REFERENCE TO THE ABOVE PASSAGE HOW CAN THE IDEA BE APPLIED
IN ZAMBIA TODAY.
- Foreigners who come in Zambia are treated equally.
- Widows and orphans are protected through the inheritance act.
- Victim support unit also protects widows and orphans from property grabbers.
- Lending institutions such as Banks should not demand for higher rates of
interest when poor people borrow.
- Judges in the court of laws should not be corrupt and discriminate the poor etc,

KEY WORDS: AN IMPORTANT POLITICAL LEADER (KING DAVID) USED
HIS POSITION TO BRING ABOUT AN INJUSTICE
2 SAMUEL 12:1-13
- Nathan said to David, there were two men, one rich the other one poor.
- The rich man had cattle and sheep.
- The poor man one lamb, which he treated like a daughter.
- The rich man took the poor man’s lamb to feed the visitor.
- David said, the rich man ought to die and pay back four times as much as he
took.
- Nathan said, ‘you are that man’.
- God said, I made you king, saved you from Saul, gave you the kingdom and
wives.
- Why did you have Uriah killed in the battle by the Amorites and then took his
wife.
- Because of this your descendant will die violently,
- A member of your family will bring you trouble.
- Your wives will be given to another man who will have intercourse with them in
day light.
- You sinned in secrete but this will happen in day light.
APPLICATION
v WITH REFERENCE TO THE PASSAGE, EXPLAIN HOW A LEADER CAN BEHAVE

LIKE DAVID/ AHAB.
- A leader who is a Member of Parliament (MP) misuse the money meant for
his/her constituency for own self motives.
- A minister who uses his position to employ his relatives and children
- District Commissioner who uses his/her position to sleep with someone’s wife
with a promise of employment.
- A president who uses government resources to develop his home area/

province.
OTHER EXAMPLES CONCERNING YOUNG ZAMBIAN
- A teacher who uses his position to have sex with school girls/boys/
- Head teacher who uses his/her position to offer a place to his or her relatives.
- An accountant in the bank or bursar using position to steal money.
- Village headmen/ chiefs using authority to sell land to foreigners.
SECONDARY SCHOOL PREFECT
- Using position to be a friend to new pupils i.e grade 10 in order to get food
stuffs.
- Using position to propose love to girls/boys even threatening themselves using

position to punish enemies.
- Using position to go out of bounds but punishes those found out of bounds etc.
KEY WORDS: HEBREWS ARE REMINDED THAT OBSERVING RELIGIOUS

PRACTICES WITHOUT BEING JUST TO THE PEOPLE IS UN

ACCEPTABLE TO GOD. JUST TREATMENT TO OTHERS IS
IMPORTANT
AMOS 5: 21-25
- The lord said I hate your religious festivals; I cannot stand them when you bring
me offerings and grain offerings.
- I will not accept your burnt offerings, your grain or animals.
- Stop your songs; I don’t listen to your harps.
- Let justice flow like a stream and righteousness like a river.
1. ISAIAH:1:10-17
KEY WORDS: PROPHET ISAIAH HAS THE SAME MESSAGE AS AMOS

ACTS OF WORSHIP AND PRAYER ARE NOT PRASING TO
GOD UNLESS ACCOMPAINED BY SINCERE DESIRE TO BE
JUST IN EVERYTHING
- Jerusalem, your ruler and the people are like those of Sodom and Gomorra.
- Listen to what the Lord is saying to you.
- Pay attention to what our god is teaching you.
- He says, do you think I want sacrifices you keep offering to me.
- I have had more enough of the sheep you burn as sacrifice and the fat of your
fine aw.
- I am tired of the blood of bulls, goats and sheep.
- Who told you to bring all this tramping about in my temple?

- It is less to bring your offering, am disgusted with the smell of incense you burn.
- I cannot stand your new moon festival; your Sabbath and religious gathering are
all corrupted by your sin.
- I hate your new moon and festival and holy days. They are a burden that I am
tired bearing.
- When you lift your hands in prayer, I will not look at you, no matter how much
you pray, I will not listen for your hands are covered with blood
- Wash yourselves clean; stop all this evil that I see you doing. Yes, stop doing
evil.
- And learn to do right, see that justice is done help those are oppressed, give
orphans their right and defend widows.
KEY WORDS: THE HEBREWS ARE REMINDED THAT OBEYING LAWS ALONE IS
NOT ENOUGH JUSTICE
ISAIAH 58:1-10
- The Lord says, shout as loud as you can, tell my people of Israel about their
sins.
- They worship me everyday clamming that they are eager to know my ways and
obey my laws.
- They say they want me to give them just laws and that they take pleasure in
worshipping me.
- The people asked why we should fast when the lord never notices. Why should
we go without food if he pays no attention?

- The lord said to them, the truth is that the same time as you fast, you pursue
your own interests and oppress your workers.
- Your fasting makes you violet and quarrel and fight.
- Do you think this kind of fasting will make me listen to your prayers?
- When you fast you make yourselves suffer, you bow your heads like a blade of
grass and spread out sack cloth and ashes to lie on.
- Is that what you call fasting? Do you think I will be pleased with that?
- What kind of fasting is this, remove the chains of oppression and yoke of
injustice and let the chains of oppression go free.
- Share your food with the hungry; open your homes to homeless poor people
- Give clothes to those who have nothing to wear and do not refuse to help your
own relatives.
- Then my favour will shine on you like the morning sun and your wounds will be
healed quickly.
- I will always be with you on every evil word.
- When you pray, I will answer you, when you call I will respond. If you put an end
to oppression to every gesture of contempt and to every evil word.
- If you give food to those who are hungry and those who are in need, then the
darkness around you will turn to the brightness of noon need.
APPLICATION
v GOD REJECTING SACRIFICES FROM THE HEBREWS

- Christians who give money to the Church but refused to help those in need i.e
orphans
- Christians gave contributions of food to the Church but refused to help the
neighbour
- Christians give money to the Church as offering but refused to give money to
the dependent to pay school fees.
- Christians who refused to look after relations who refused to look after relations
who are orphans are willing to donate to the Church
KEY WORDS: THE COMING OF THE NEW KING JESUS THE MESSIAH
WHO WILL BRING TRUE JUSTICE
ISAIAH 11:1-5
- But the royal line of David is like a tree that has been cut down.
- But just as the new branches sprout from a stump.
- So a new king will arise from David’s descendents.
- And the spirit of the lord will give wisdom
- And the knowledge and the skills of a ruler of his people.
- He will know the Lord’s will and honour him.
- And will pleasure in obeying him.
- He will not judge by appearance or hearsay.
- He will judge the poor fairly.
- And defend the rightful helpless.

- At his command, the people will be punished.
- Evil persons will die.
- He will rule his people with justice and integrity.
APPLICATION
v GOD REMINDING THE HEBREWS THAT FOLLOWING THE LAWS ALONE IS

DOING INJUSTICE. EXAMPLES:
- Christians who want to attend Church services every Sabbath but not visit the
sick in hospital.
- Christians who are eager to follow God’s commandments but sends away
dependants.
- Christians seen in Church in uniforms but practice Satanism and witchcraft.
- Christians who attend every Church function but fail to show love to neighbours
and friends.
APPLICATION
v HOW ZAMBIAN LEADERS CAN BE HELPED BY A BIBLE PASSAGE ISAIAH

11:1-5 TO RECTIFY UNJUST CONDITIONS IN OUR COUNTRY
- They would institute laws to defend the right of those who are hopeless.
- They would know they have to obey the Lord and keep his commandments.
- There would be justice and integrity in their dealings.

- They would not judge their people by hearsay or appearance.
BIBLE CONTENTS
NEW TESTAMENT
KEY WORDS: JESUS GIVES WARNING TO THE PEOPLE TO BE AWARE OF THE

TEACHERS OF THE LAW AND PHARISEES AS THEY WERE
HYPOCRITES.
MARK 12:38-40
- A large number was listening to Jesus gladly.
- As he taught them, he said, watch out with the teachers of the law and
Pharisees
- Who like to walk around in the long robes and be greeted with respect in the
market places?
- Who choose reserved seats in the Synagogue and best places at feasts
- They take advantage of the widows and rob their homes.
- And make show of making long prayers.
- Their punishment will be all the worst
KEY WORDS: JESUS GIVES WARNING TO THE PEOPLE TO BE AWARE

OF THE TEACHERS OF THE LAW AND PHARISEES AS THEY WERE
HYPOCRITES.
MATTHEW 23: 1-4, 23

- Then Jesus spoke to his people and his disciples
- The teachers of the law and the Pharisees are the authorized interpreters of
Moses’ laws.
- So you must obey and follow everything they tell you to do.
- Do not imitate their actions because they do not practice what they preach.
- They lie on to people’s back loads that are heavy and hard to carry.
- Yet they are not even willing to lift a finger to help them carry these loads.
- How terrible of you teachers of the law and Pharisees. You hypocrites, you give
to God a tenth mint, but …………….
- You neglect to obey the real important teaching of the law such as justice and
mercy and honesty.
- These you should practice without neglecting the others.
APPLICATION
v WITH REFERENCE TO THE ABOVE PASSGES, EXPLAIN HOW CHURCH

LEADERS TODAY CAN BEHAVE IN A SIMILAR MANNER.
- Preach to follows against witchcraft but instead trust in witchcraft.
- Preaching on the need to look after the Church money but instead steal the
same Church money.
- Preaching on the need to look after the orphans but ill treat dependants/
orphans
- Preaching against adultery but caught committing adultery.

KEY WORDA: TEACHING ABOUT THE LAW
MATTHEW 5: 21-48
- So if your right hand causes you to sin, take it and throw it away. It is much
better to lose one part of your body than to have your whole body and thrown
and go to hell
- It was said, anyone who divorces his wife must give a written notice of divorce.
- But I now I tell you, if a man divorce his wife, for any cause other than her
infidelity, and then he is guilty of making her commit adultery if she marries
again and the man who marries her commit adultery too.
- You have heard people were told in the past do not break the promise but do
what you vowed to the Lord to do.
- But now I tell you, do not use vow when you make a promise. Not swear by
heaven for is God’s throne.
- Nor by the earth for it is a resting place of his feet, nor by Jerusalem for it is the
city of the great king
- Do not swear by your head because you cannot make a single hair white or
black.
- Just say no or yes- anything else you say comes from evil one.
- You have heard that it was said, an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth.
- But now I tell you, do not take revenge on someone who wronged you. If anyone
slaps you on your left chick let him slap you on the right chick too.

- If anyone takes you a court to sue you for a shirt, let him take a coat too.
- If anyone of the occupation troops force you to carry his pack one kilometer
cary it for two kilometers.
- When someone asks you for something, give it to him, when someone wants to
borrow something lend it to him.
- You have heard that it was said love your friend and hate your enemy.
- So that you may become the son of God in heaven.
- For he makes his sunshine on the bad and good people alike and brings the rain
to those who do well and to those who do evil.
- Why should God reward you if you only love the people who love you, if you
only love the people who love you, even the tax collectors do that.
- You must be perfect just as your father in heaven if perfect.
APPLICATION
v EXPLAIN HOW A SECONDARYPUPIL CAN HELP TO CREATE MORE JUSTICE BY

FOLLOWING THE LAWS OF MOSES.
- Prefects to give punishment to pupils’ equivalent to the offence committed.
- Perfects to speak the truth every time at the administration and to follow pupils.
- Prefects to learn to forgive those who wrong them.
- Perfects forgive first offenders or minor offences.
- Prefects not to gets advantage of girls in school.
APPLICATION

v HOW ZAMBIANS CAN HELP TO CREATE MORE JUSTICE IN SOCIETY IF THEY
FOLLOW THE LAW OF JESUS.
- People learn how to forgive those who wrong them
- People learn to tell the truth even in the court of law.
- People learn to love enemies and forgive them.
- People need to admit the wrongs that they have done.
KEY WORK: THE TREATMENT OF PEOPLE ACCORDING TO OUTWARD

APPEARANCE IN AN INJUSTICE
JAMES: 2 1-19
- My brother and sisters as believers in our Lord Jesus Christ, the Lord of Glory:
you must never treat people in different ways according to their outward
appearance
- Suppose a rich man wears a gold ring and fine clothes come to your meeting
and a poor man in rugged clothes comes.
- If you show more respect to the well dressed man and says have the best seat
here.
- But say to a poor man, stand over there, or sit here on the floor by my feet.
- Then you are guilty of creating distinctions amongst yourselves making

judgment based on outward.
- Listen my dear brother, the poor of this world will be rich and posses the
kingdom which has been prepared for those he love.
- But you dishonor the poor who are those ones you oppress and dragged before

the judge.
- The rich are the one who speak evil of that good name given to you.
- You will be doing well if you obey the kingdom which is found in the scripture of
love your neighbour as you love yourself.
- But if you treat people according to the out word appearance, you are quilt of sin
and the law considers you as a law breaker.
- Whoever breaks the commandment is guilty of breaking the all.
- For the same one who says, do not commit adultery also says commit murder.
- Speak and act as people who will be judged by the law that sets free.
- For God will not show mercy when he judges a person who has not been
merciful, but mercy triumph over judgment.
- My brothers, want good is it for someone to say faith if his actions do not prove
it?
- Suppose there are brothers and sisters and do not have enough to eat.
- What good is there in your saying to them God bless you keep warm and eat as
well, if you dot give the necessities of life.
- So it is with faith, it is alone and include no action then it is dead.
- But someone will say, one person has faith and the other has actions, tell me
how anyone can have faith without actions, I will show you my faith by action.
- Do not believe that there is one God. Good demands believe and tremble with
fear.

APPLICATION
v EXPLAIN HOW GOVERNMENT LEADERS CAN HE HELPED WITH THE

TEACHING OF JAMES:
- They should learn to treat the rich and the poor equally.
- Provide necessities e. g food, water, clothes to both rich and poor.
- No special rules for rice and poor.
- Increment of wages/ salaries not to very so much between the poor and the
rich.
EXERCISE
1. State six ways in which Satyagraha promotes justice among the Hindus.
2. Mention any six reasons why the injustice of slavery was not abolished when
the Roman Empire become officially Christian in the 4th century.
3. Narrate the teachings of the prophet Isaiah foretelling that the Messiah would
bring peace and justice.
4. How can Zambian leaders be helped by the above passage to rectify unjust
conditions in our country?
5. List and explain six injustices that exist within the Zambian social system
today.
6. State six ideas on how harmony brought about justice in Africa tradition
7. Give the content of the passage from the book of Luke which urges people not

judge others unjustly.
8. Using the ideas from the above passage. Suggest four ways in which a pastor
can guide his / her followers in creating a more just society.
9. State six teachings of Mohammed on social justice
10. State six ideas about Justice in Zambian Traditional society
11. Explain why slavery was allowed in the early Church.
12. Give six traditional beliefs that might be considered to be unjust in African Traditional
society.
13. List six injustices in the African Slave Trade.
SUB THEME 2: SERVICE IN SOCIETY
SERVICE IN SOCIETY

- To serve means to work, help, support, care, love, assist, control, rule, facilitate,
sacrifice, lead, animate etc.
- This comes to authority; those in authority are in service.
PRESENT SITUATION
AUTHORITY AND FREEDOM
- The word authority comes from a Latin word “Angere” which means to increase
or to enrich.
- Authority refers to a person who acts as a sponsor or promoter and deserves

respect.
- Authority is concerned with the use of power in community.
- We need good older which requires planning or organisation.
- Authority is necessary in any society to help people live co-operatively.
- In modern society co-operation is based on consensus i.e the people should

agree to the decision and accept it willingly.
- Leaders are given power and authority by the people.
- Therefore, they are to serve the needs of the people and secure them from
disaster. They are to see that decisions take are implemented.
- In traditional Zambian society, chiefs tended to be Authoritarian. i.e nobody was

allowed to question their decisions
- They only ordered and commanded and people were to fellow without question.

- However, nowadays in a situation of organisational change, much more
fundamental levels of political ideas.
- Leaders frequently consult the people to consensus about the policies that are
best for the common good.
- This is called pluralistic continuous debates are allowed and there are numbers
of alternatives and shifting opportunities and possibilities.
- In other ways we call this type of authority as political which Leopold Sengnon
called to be the Art, the art of governing.
- This is so because the method used is of constant correction through trial and
error.
- This enables a greater number to lead a life more completely happy because it
is more in conformity with human conditions.
- There are different types of political types of political authority:-
∙ Democracy
∙ Multiparty
∙ One party
∙ Authoritarian
∙ Monarchy
∙ Dictatorship…….. politics are referred to be an active humanism
THE IDEAS OF COMSENSUS
QUALITIES OF A GOOD LEADER

- In modern society leaders are expected to some qualities for them to be
considered as a good leader.
- Ability to communicate with his followers their point of view and be aware of
their expectations.
- Ability to give suggestions and help his people to understand and clarity the
issues.
- Readiness to serve others with firmness, confidence and flexibility
- Be courageous but not a dictator.
- Be able to make each person in a group to feel important and accepted, feel free
and to contribute and get a fair hearing.
- Ability to build trust and openness in the group.
- Be able to facilitate and be a mediator.
- However, leadership or authority demands a lot, therefore, a leader has to be

ready to sacrifice and accept suffering.
- Sometimes he/ she is accused falsely and not all his ideas and suggestions.
- Leaders need to undergo a training so as to have vision to see beyond the

common ideas and feelings of the followers.
WHAT DO WE LOOK FOR IN A LEADER
CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD LEADER
- He must have characteristics suitable to the purpose of the group.
- He must have sufficient intelligence to lead the group.

- He must be willing and able to accept the role of leadership.
- He must be able and willing to share the needs, feelings and desires of the
people.
- If a leader speaks with authority people respect him/ she that he/she has
something to offer.
ZAMBIAN LEADERS WHO HAVE USED THEIR AUTHORITY FOR SERVICE
PRESIDENT KENNETH DAVID KAUNDA
- The former president of Zambia Dr. K. Kaunda who ruled the country from
1964-1991 is considered to be an outstanding leader in serving because he
worked tireless without counting the cost.
- He fought for freedom for his people.
- He had love for his people though he underwent suffering and humiliation.
- He never gave up his service until Zambia got its independence from the
colonial rule.
- He fought for his people wants by being no-violence, bearing in mind that
violence instead of solving the problems.
- Others who have served Zambia include Vernon Johnson Mwaanga, Hurry
Nkumbula, Simon Mwansa Kapwepwe, Grey Zulu, Mundia and the recent
present Fredrick Chiluba who at first was the chairman of the trade union and
fought for the workers’ rights.
VERNON JOHNSON MWAANGA
- In early 1960’s he joined UNIP and he tried to dismantle colonial legacy with

Kaunda.
- In 1964, he was appointed Deputy high Commissioner to England at the age of

20
- In 1965 he became ambassador to the Solviet Union.
- In 1967 he was named permanent Secretary in the United Nations and was
elected to represent Zambia on the organisation security for two years.
- He also served as an editor- in chief of The Times of Zambia, Ministry of foreign

Affairs, member of the central committee and chairman of various private
enterprises
- He stood against tribalism and racialism and has won international recognition
as a shrewd politician and capable leader with a sharp intelligence.
- He was also respectful towards authority and is now of service to the nation as
an industrious and innovative business man and farmer.
THE PURPOSE OF RULES IN SCHOOLS
FOR MOSLEMS THERE ARE THREE MAIN SOURCE OF AUTHORITY
1. ALLAH: The God, creator of all, the all powerful.
2. Mohammad: the greatest and last prophet for Muslims.
3. Quran: The holy book or the scripture to the Muslims.
- Moslems believe in God (Allah)
- They believe that God spoke to Abraham and Moses and that Mohammad is the
last and greatest of all the prophets who brought them enlightenments from
God’s messenger the Angel Gabriel in the form of saying or revelations which

have been written in the Quran or Islamic Bible.
- They believe that there is a direct line from Abraham to Mohammad through
Ishmael, the half brother of Isaac, the son of Abraham.
- Islam cannot be understood apart from the Quran the scripture of Islam.
- It consists of 114 chapters which the Muslims believe were dedicated to

Mohammed over 22 years.
- These chapters consist of the sayings or advice of Mohammed, laws, religion,

culture and politics in the Moslems world.
- Whatever the Quran says, is taken as authoritative and cannot be discussed.
BASIC DOCTRINES (TEACHINGS) OF THE QURAN
The Quran has four major themes.
- Allah is the all powerful one who created the world which people live in.
- Allah will do will his people as he wishes because he created them.
- People, therefore, must perform the tasks Allah has organized for them (five
Pillars)
- The Day of Judgment will find reward or punishment in heaven and hell.
The FIVE PILLAR (the tasks for Moslem)
1. Daily Prayer : Five times praying facing Mecca

2. The Pilgrimage: To go to Mecca all least once the life time
3. Month long fast: during Ramadan there is no food from down-sunset.
4. Faith in Allah: And his chosen Prophet Mohammed.
5. Alms giving: Giving to the poor and needy. Every Moslem has to fulfill these
tasks without.
If he/ she is found misbehaving a severe punishment is given, often death
AUTHORITY IN A HINDU SOCIETY
- Authority in the Hindu society comes naturally.
- Each and everyone had a role to play in society.
- Obedience and respect for elders is strictly observed and very essential.
- In the Hindu society, authority is strictly.
- Authority is carried out according to Caste system and joint family.
THE CASTE SYSTEM
- This began some 2000 years ago before Christ probably as a result of
combination of invasion, ethnic and religious differences, healthy and fertility
requirement. There are caste (class) as follows:-
1. Intellectual and spiritual leaders.
2. Administrator and politicians
3. Manufacture (fixed and unchangeable factory owners and labourers
4. Social outcasts or untouchables.

- So strong did the caste system became in India that marriage outside a
particular caste or level was forbidden and moving from one class to another
was impossible.
- Each caste has a leader who should be obeyed and respected by other
members.
- One of the reasons the caste system can remain so important is not the external
or the material, it is the internal union with God.
- They are more interested in the final end of man, and the reincarnation (born
again) Moksha or Nirvana (The perfect union with God Brahman.
JOINT FAMILY
- This is more or less like extended family in Zambia.
- Usually the grandfather and grandmother are at the head of the family.
- In the joint family the eldest male member is the head.
- All working members send their earning and the head decides on how this
money should be spent.
- He plans for the education of all members as well as marriage.
- Everyone should abide by the decision of the elder of the family and ask
permission of what to do.
- The whole family may work together at the same occupation such as farming or
weaving, or they may work at different jobs.
- All land and other property are owned jointly by the family.
AFRICAN TRADITION

- In African tradition the elders had authority.
- They were considered as people with experience which makes others to respect
them greatly.
- Physically, people considered them to be near to the spirit world.
- These includes: witch doctors, divines authority inhis own field, his decision to
his field had to be accepted without questions.
- In some places where they had kings, chiefs or paramount chiefs they has been
different levels of authority. This is called hierarchy.
- The influential members of the clan have often become great chiefs under the
king. The king or chief is in authority by right of birth, some smaller chiefs by
appointment.
- There are some who exercise religious authority.
- They are regarded as representatives of the community of the ancestors.
- Priests were chosen from the priestly clan by chiefs or kings.
- They offer gifts to the spirit to invoke them for assistance and guidance on
behalf of people.
- Each chief has counselors for consultations however; authority in African

tradition was to be serving the community.
- Parents and elders had different roles that they played.
There are ways by which a person/someone become a leader.
1. By divine right to be appointed by God

2. By birth from the royal family.
3. By election, people vote for the one they want to be in authority.
4. By heroism-because of some achievement or intelligential forcefulness

someone becomes a leader
EXAMPLE OF TONGA CHIEFS
- There is no strong chieftaincy among the Tonga people.
- The chiefs are not related but each chief operates on his own without much
interference from chief Monze, the paramount chief. Each chief is appointed by
the clan to which he belongs.
- In each village, there is a headman who is elected by the elders and the
members of the clan to which he belongs.
- He runs the day-to-day affairs of his village unless he comes across a case
which he fails to solve that he refers the matter to the chief.
- Tonga chiefs see themselves as fathers of the tribe.
- They are the guardians of the customs of the people and are their protectors.
- They are also the spokesmen of their people.
- Any instructions relating to religious sacrifices ordered by the paramount chief

and passed on by the minor chiefs who also see that these instructions are
carried out as ordered.
THE BEMBA AUTHORITY
PARAMOUNT CHIEF

SENIOR CHIEFS
CHIKWANDA MWAMBA NKULA
JUNIOR CHIEFS
TRIBUTARY DISTRICT DIPLOMATS SENIOR CHIEFS

CHIEFS SONS
CHIEFS
VILLAGE HEADMEN
PRIESTS GUARDIANS OF SHRINES MAGIC SPECIALISTS
ARMY LEADERS
COMMONER

THE CONTRAST BETWEEN AUTHORITY IN THE PAST AND AUTHORITY TODAY
PAST/ TRADITION TADAY /MODERN
- used consensus : leaders used to follow - Leaders use democracy or

the agreement of the people in their ruling dictatorship
- No training for leaders - Leaders are trained
-Only elders ruled -There are civil rules and even young
people are found in authority.
-Elders and parents transmit ideas to the -Children get ideas from, books, Tv,
young(children) radio, magazines etc
-To protect the people there were traditional -Today there are army or soldiers to
warriors for each tribe protect the were nation or country
(Defiance force)
-Elders taught folk tales -Children and elders watch T. v
-Problems and conflicts sorted out by -Problems and conflicts are sorted out
traditional leaders in the court of laws
-Specific seats for children, initially on the -Seats are equivalent to all as some
floor and elders on stools or chairs chairs are found in the sitting room.
-Sacrifice to ancestral spirits under a tree or -Go to Church where prayer are led by a
mountain, or river, snakes (extraordinary priest, pastors, reverend to the one true
things) God

CHURCH HISTORY
AUTHORITY AND SERVICE IN THE EARLY CHURCH
- Very early in the history of the Church
- After the death and resurrection of Jesus, the apostles continued the service of
spreading the good news of Christ.
- As the group of the faithful grew, the apostles choose other members to help in
the works of charity who they called deacons.
- Many people were inspired by the care of the Christians.
- Christian churches served people headed by Bishop.
- It is interesting to learn that in the fourth century when there was a revival of the
pagan of religion under the emperor Juliana.
- The pagan priests were ordered to organize works of charity to help the poor in
the way the Christian Bishops and clergy did.
- The emperor knew that unless the pagan could at least as well as the Christians
in this respect, they could not hope to revive their old religion.
- In the late second century, Christianity spread in Roman cities.
- The Bishop and the clergy men were responsible for preaching and celebrating
the Eucharist.
- Moreover, during the 16th century when the Roman emperor and clergy men
because they were powerful and responsible for civil administration and
education.
- They often became rulers rather than servants.

CHURCH LEADERS IN AFRICA WHO HAVE USED THEIR AUTHORITY FOR SERVICE
BISHOP JOSEPH SHANAHA (CATHOLIC BISHOP)
- He was an Irishman who worked in Nigeria in the year 1902 among the Ibo
people.
- As the people there were hostile, Shanahan as a Bishop reached to them

through children by building school and made them aware of how valuable
educations were.
- Through education, he believed that people will be properly educated in the

Christian faith and make any necessary changes in their customs.
ARTHUB SHEABLEY CRIPPS (ANGLICAN)
- He worked in Zimbabwe in 1901- 1952 by leading a simple life.
- Sharing life of his African rights through writing and poems.
- Cripps helped to earn money to run the mission on which he worked.
- He was friendly and very close to his parishioners and this made a deep
impression.
BROTHER TOBBY KIZZA (BORN IN 1827)
- He was a Ugandan serving with the white missionaries in carpentry, bricklaying

and setting of finding new missions.
- At different times of his life he used to help the sick.

- He was kind and never taking offence in his speech.
REVEREND EZEKIEL APINDI
- Born in 1885 in Kenya and grew up strong good at wrestling and intelligent.
- He was then converted to Christianity and spent his time preaching to people.
- He worked tireless travelling, finding schools and congregations.
- He endured all suffering and difficulties for the sake of serving his people.
- He even founded the union school for children of all religion.
BISHOP JOSEPH DUPORT (MOTOMOTO)
- He brought Christianity to the Northern part of Zambia in 1891.
- He worked tirelessly through the Bemba and abolishing civil wars and slave
trade.
- He endured a lot of sickness and difficulties preaching the love of God.
- The church in Zambia has many leaders that are fully devoted to spreading the
Gospel of the lord Jesus Christ.
- Their Zeal and love of Jesus did not simply happen.
- It was planted there by God through someone else.
- The history of the Church has given us many men and women who because of
their Christian, favour have been a source of inspiration to others.
- In all there Christians who have gone before us had the sense of service to the
community as overall drive in the work and all through life.

FRANSIS OF ASIS AND THE EXERCISE OF SERVICE THROUGH AUTHORITY
- Born 1181 in Italy in the middle class family.
- He gave up all the luxury and pleasure to embrace the life of poverty.
- He spent his time nursing those unfortunates stricken with leprosy.
- He preached the word of God to the people in need.
- He endured suffering and illness till death.
- He was a man of great love, simplicity and strong believing Christian authority
that it must be expressed in service.
- He started up religious order of Franciscans.
SOME RULES WRITTEN BY FRANCIS
- All brothers must work hard doing good
- Use to which after he has been put in a position of authority by others is not
anxious to leave it of his own free will.
- Blessed is he who is elected to office against his will but always wants to
subject to others.
- I am the servant of all and so a bound to wait upon everyone and make known
to them the fragrant words of my Lord.
- The man who is in authority and is regarded as the superior should become the
least of all and serve his brothers.
- He was a man of prayer and meditation.
- This is proved by prayer expressed in praise of creation.

All praise be yours
My Lord through all that you have made. Made first my brother sun, who
brings
The day; and light give to us through him. How beautiful is he, how
radiant in all
His splendor! Of you most high, he bear the likeness.
All praise is yours, my Lord, through sister moon and stars….
Another prayer for humble dedication to God’s service
LORD MAKE ME A CHANNEL OF YOUR PEACE
- Where there is hatred, let me bring love.
- Where there is doubt, let me bring hope.
- Where there is sadness, let me bring joy.
- Where there is darkness, let me bring light.
- Lord, grant that I may never seek so much to be consoled but to console.
- To be understood but to understand.
- To be loved but to love
- For it is in love that we are loved
- In forgiving that we are forgiven and in dying we are born in new life.
BIBLE CONTENT

OLD TESTAMENT
KEY WORDS: GIVE THE CONTENT FROM THE BOOK OF PSALM THAT SHOWS
THAT THE GREATEST AUTHORITY FOR THE JESUS WAS THE
LORD GOD
PSALM 136: 1-26
- Give thanks to the lord, because he is good, his love is eternal
- Give thanks to the greatest of all God, his love is eternal.
- Give thanks to the mightiest of all Lords.
- He alone performs miracles.
- By this wisdom he made the heavens.
- He built the earth on the deep waters.
- He made the sun and moon.
- The sun to rule over the day.
- The moon and the start to rule over the night.
- He killed the first born sons of the Egyptians
- He led the people of Israel out of Egypt.
- With his strong hand, his powerful arm.
- He divided the red sea.
- He led his people through it.

- But he drowned the king of Egypt and his army.
- He led them through the desert.
- He killed the powerful kings.
- Sihon king of the Amorites.
- And Og, king of Bashan.
- He gave their land to his people.
- He gave them to Israel his servant.
- He did not forget us when we were defeated.
- He freed us from our enemies.
- He gives food to every living creature.
- Give thanks to the Lord of heaven, his love is eternal.
KEY WORDS: GIVE THE CONTENT FROM EXODUS WHICH SHOWS THE
STRENGTH AND WEAKNESS OF MOSES AS A LEADER
EXODUS 2:11-16
- Moses saw his people oppresses with work
- He saw an Egyptian kill a Hebrew one of Moses, own people.
- In turn, he secretly killed the Egyptian and hid his body in the sand.
- The next day he asked a guilty Hebrew who was fighting.
- He said to the one was in the wrong.
- “Why are you beating up a follow Hebrew?

- The man answered, who made you our ruler judge?
- “Are you going to kill me just as you killed that Egyptian? “
- Moses was afraid and said to himself.
- People have found out what I have done.
- When the king heard about what had happened, he tried to have Moses killed
- But Moses fled and went to live in the land of Midian.
KEY WORDS: GIVE THE CONTENT FROM EZEKIEL WERE GOD SPOKE
AGAINST THE BAD LEADERSHIP OF THE ISRAELITE.
EZEKIEL 34: 1-11
- The Lord spoke to Ezekiel
- Denounce the ruler of Israel
- Prophesy to them and tell them what i, the sovereign Lord, say to them.
- You are doomed you shepherds of Israel
- You take care of yourselves, but never tend the sheep.
- You drink the milk, wear clothes made from wool and kill and eat the finest

sheep.
- But you never tend the sheep.
- You have not taken care of the week ones.
- Healed those that are sick, bandage those that are hurt.
- Brought back those that wandered off looked for those that lost.
- Instead you treated them cruel.
- The sheep were eaten by animals because they had no shepherd.
- They wandered over the high hills and the mountains.
- They were scattered over the face of the earth and no one looked for them or
tired to find them.
- I shall take your sheep away from you and never again let you be their
shepherd.
- I will rescue my sheep from you and not let you eat them.
- I shall look after them myself.

BIBLE CONTENTS
NEW TESTAMENT
KEY WORDS: GIVE THE CONTENT FROM THE GOSPEL OF JOHN PRESENTING
JESUS’ ROLE OF PREACHING THE KINGDOM OF GOD AS
FULFILLING THE PROPHESY OF EZEKIEL.
JOHN 10:11-16
- Jesus said, I am the good shepherd, who is willing to die for my sheep.
- A hired man, who is not a shepherd and does not own the sheep runs away
when the sheep are attacked by a wolf that scatters them
- The hired man runs away because he is only a hired man and does not care
about the sheep.
- Am the good shepherd.
- As the father knows me and I know the father.
- And I am willing to die for them.
- There are other sheep which belong to me that are not in the sheepfold.
- I must bring them too, they will listen to my voice and they will become one
flock with one shepherd.
KEY WORDS: GIVE THE CONTENT OF THE PASSAGE FROM THE LETTER TO
THE COLOSSIANS WERE PAUL SHOW HOW HE IS HAPPY TO BE
CHRIST’S SERVANTS

COLOSSIANS 1:24-29
- I am now happy rejoicing in my suffering for your sake
- And in my flesh I am completing what is lacking in Christ’s afflictions for the

sake of his body, the Church.
- I became its servant according to God’s commandment that was given was
given to me for you.
- To make the word of God fully known.
- The mystery that has been hidden via the ages and generations.
- But have now been revealed to these saints.
- To them God choose to reveal how great among gentiles are the riches of the
glory of his mystery.
- Which is Christ in you the hope of glory
- It is he whom we proclaim, warning everyone in all wisdom.
- So that we may present everyone mature in Christ.
- To get it done, I toil and struggle using the mighty strength which Christ
supplies and which is at work with me.
KEY WORDS: GIVE THE CONTENT OF JOHN’S GOSPEL, WHICH SHOWS HOW
JESUS DEMONSTRATED HIS USE OF AUTHORITY AS SERVICE.
JOHN 13:1-15
- It was now the day before the Passover festival, Jesus knew that the hour had
come for him to leave this world and go to the father

- He had always loved those who were his own, and he loved go them to the very
end.
- Jesus and his disciples were at supper.
- The devil had already put in the heart of Judas, the son of Simon Iscariot, he
thought of betraying Jesus.
- Jesus knew that the father had given him complete power; he knew that he had
come from God and that he was going to God.
- So he rose from the table, took off his garment and tied the towel around his
waist.
- Then he poured the water in the basin and began to wash the feet of his
disciples and dry them with a towel his waist.
- He came to Simon Peter, who said to him, “are you going to wash my feet Lord?’
- Jesus answered, “you do not understand what I am doing how but you will
understand later”.
- Peter declared, “Never at any time will you wash my feet”. But my hands and
head too, Peter said.
- Jesus told him, “those who have had a bath are completely clean and do not
need to wash themselves, except their feet.
- All of you are clean except one, for Jesus knew his betrayer. That is why he said
all you are clean.
- After Jesus had washed them, he puts his outer garment back on and returned
to his place at table.

- Do you understand what I have done to you? He answered.
- You call me teacher and Lord, and it is right to do so, because that is what I am.
- I your teacher and Lord has just washed your feet, you, then should wash one
another’s feet.
KEY WORDS: GIVE THE CONTENT OF A PASSAGE FROM THE GOSPEL OF

MARK WHICH SHOWS THAT THE PURPOSE OF AUTHORITY
IS SERVICE
MARK: 10: 32-45
- Jesus and his disciples were now on the road going up to Jerusalem.
- Jesus was going ahead of the disciples, who were filled with alarm, the people
who followed behind were afraid.
- Once again Jesus took the twelve disciples aside and spoke of the things that
were going to happen to him.
- “Listen” he told them, “We are going to Jerusalem where the son of man will be
handed over to the chief priest and the teachers of the law.
- They will condemn him to death and then hand him to the gentles, who will
mock him, spit on him and kill him. But three days later he will rise to life.
- Then James and John, the sons of Zebedee came to Jesus.
- “Teacher”, they said, “there is something we want your to do for us”.
- “What is it.? Jesus asked them.
- They answered, “When you sit on your glorious kingdom, we want you to let us
sit with you, one at your right and one at your left.

- Jesus said to them, “you don’t know what you are asking for.”
- Can you drink the cup of suffering that I must drink?
- Can you be baptized in the away I must be baptized?
- “We can”, they answered.
- Jesus replied I have no right to grant you this; God will give these places to
those he prepared them for.
- The other disciples became angry with James and John.
- Jesus told them that rulers of the heathens have complete power and authority
over their subjects.
- If you want to be great, be the servant of the rest.
- It you want to be the first, to be the slave of all.
- I have not come to be served but to serve and to give my life to redeem people.
APPLICATION
v SHOW HOW A SCHOOL TEACHER CAN PUT JESUS’S TEACHING ABOVE INTO
PRACTICE.
- A teacher can prepare his students for responsible freedom
- A teacher can prepare his students for life.
- A teacher can prepare help his/her students deepen their knowledge of God.
- A teacher can use hi/her wisdom and knowledge with the students.
- A teacher can safeguard the weaker students from being exploited.

- A teacher can preserve the school rules.
KEY WORDS: APPOINTED TO SERVE
EPHESIANS 4:11-13
- God appointed people to be apostles, prophets, evangelists, pastors and others

teachers.
- He did this to prepare all God’s people for the work of Christian service.
- In order to build up the body of Christ
- And so we shall come to that oneness in our faith and in our knowledge of the
son of God.
- We shall become of Christ full stature.
EXERCISE
1. List the four major themes of the Koran and two main sources of authority.
2. Mention six aspects of the joint family in Hinduism
3. Give the content from the book of prophet Ezekiel where he denounces the
rulers of Israel.
4. How can Zambian leaders avoid being like the bad shepherds?
5. Briefly give six spontaneous reactions of the trained leader when he/ she is
faced with a New situation.
6. Briefly explain how authority was used in the past among the Bemba.
7. Give the content of the passage from the Gospel of John which describes
Jesus as the good Shepherd.

8. Show with four examples how a politician can make a bad leader in Zambia
today
MAJOR THEME: LIFE
SUB THEME: HAPPINESS
What is happiness?
- Happiness is something one experiences from within an inner peace that

comes from striving to achieve ones goals and being faithful to ones values.

- Happiness is something called contentment
- Happiness is a state of being satisfied
- Happiness sometimes seems to centre on the material or physical levels of

human needs.
- Living humanly not only trust and peace but also material, cultural, moral and
development.
PRESENT SITUATION
WHAT MAKES PEOPLE HAPPY?
All people look for happiness but few people are happy. At present some people are
happy when they are:
- Dancing
- Singing
- Driving
- Wearing nice clothes
- Drinking beer
- Eating nice food
- Being popular
- Playing sports
- Being friends

KINDS OR LEVELS OF HAPPINESS
There are three levels of happiness and as human being we have various needs which
muat be satisfied if we are to be happy.
1. Material needs
2. Approval needs
3. Achievement needs
1. MATERIAL OR PHYSICAL NEEDS: These include food, shelter, rest, healthy etc.
2. APPROVAL NEEDS: Things like “ I want to be liked,” good relationship, care,

love, support, marriage, to be accepted, recognized, noticed, praised etc.
3. ACHIEVEMENT NEEDS: I want to contribute to my country, to the world,

successful qualification, involvement in sports, drama, my profession,
education etc.
We want to feel that we are of some use to society.
LEVELS OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
- A full search for happiness must include a balance between material, cultural,
moral and spiritual development.
- To be happy or to attain happiness all levels of human development mentioned

above have to be talked.
1. Material (physical): something to do with the body, the appearance; growth,

food, health, security.

2. Cultural (Social): Something to do with Knowledge, ability, study, passing on
habits, style, fashion or work e.g education, customs, language.
3. Moral: Something to do with behavioral attitude e.g freedom, honesty and

responsibility.
4. Spiritual: Something to do with life, with God. e.g Religion, commitment,

worship, faith etc.
MARX AND RELIGION
- Though Marx was baptized and became a Christian he was never convinced of
religion
- Marx’s father was a Jew.
- Marx condemned religion he said it kept people immature, childish and

unconscious of their misery.
- He also said religion freed people from the responsibility of changing the world
in the way they lived.
- When Marx came to England he was struck by two things;
I. Terrible conditions of the workers.
II. Greed (selfish) and wealth of the factory owners were Christians yet
Christianity in no way influenced their behaviour and the treatment of
workers.

- Some Christian preachers too, instead of calling on the poor to organize and
fight for better conditions.
- They preached about patience, acceptance of suffering and obedience as the

way of winning the heavenly reward after death.
- Marx wanted good condition here and hence now and for him, material
happiness was what counted most which would have brought about better
conditions.
- He was somehow right to fight foe better condition.
- Now days the Church contributing to the happiness of people.
- By building schools, hospitals, training centers like carpentry, tailoring, cookery

etc.
- This helps to alleviate poverty and contributes happiness.
- It also talks about justice and peace in society.
- Marx also wrote : religion is the sign of the oppressed creature.
- The sentiment of a heartless world the soul of the soul-less condition
- The opium of the people.
- By this he was condemning the factory owners who were also Christians
mistreating their workers.
- He felt religion to be a relief of those who were oppressed by the world which
was merciless, without feelings of emotions, without love inactive.
- By “opium” he meant religion was somehow making people unconscious of

their misery.

- Not asking why they are poor (not happy) not even using their talents and ability
to develop grow and eradicate poverty.
- He was totally against such religion.
PLEASURE VS HAPPINESS
Pleasure is experienced when need is satisfied e.g
- A hungry man gets pleasure from eating a good meal.
- Satisfying our sexual heeds also gives as pleasure.
- When a lonely boy is noticed and praised by an attractive girl, then his need for
approval is satisfied and he is filled with pleasure.
- Pleasure is the satisfaction of needs but happiness is the sense of inner peace
that comes from, using one’s intelligence to set adequate goals in life.
- Sacrificing those that contradict one’s deepest values.
- To seek pleasure for its own sake leads to tears but to gain happiness brings a
pleasure beyond one’s expectations.
- The way to happiness includes learning includes learning what is needed for
myself and my society to develop fully.
- The deepest goal in life is union with God.
- Happiness demands choosing goals in life. Happiness is more a by-product

than a goal .
HINDU HAPPINESS
- Moksha- liberation from the cycle of re-birth

- Samsara- the cycle of death and birth
- Karma- The quality of one’s life-when a Hindu has attained Moksha he is free to
join the great soul Brahman
- Not everyone attains Moksha at death, only those who have controlled the
senses, mind and intellect.
- Those who have cast away all desires, fear and anger, that is those for whom
Moksha is the highest goal.
There are four major paths which lead to Moksha or absolute freedom
- Path of knowledge (Inona Yoga)
- Path of works (Karma Yoga)
- Path of union (The Yoga)
- Path of devotion (Bhakiti Yoga)
1. PATH OF KNOWLEDGE- Study nature but know that the real world is the world
of God and the inner self.
2. PATH OF WORKS- Set your heart on your works but never on its rewards. How
poor are those who work for reward.
3. PATH OF DEVOTION- People who are unable to follow the path of knowledge
and path of works rise to a heights of spiritual elevation.
- They dedicate themselves to a god or goddess.
- This one true God is called Braham.

THE YOGA (union)
- This is the most difficult of all. It demands an extreme form of discipline and
self denial.
- He sits motionless for long period and has a teacher to guild him.
- He controls this body.
- He reaches a stage when he does not seek or desire anything but concentrates
only on God.
- Therefore, the goal of Hindus happiness is to be united with the creator of all.
- He is the source of the self, the knower, the author of time.
MOSLEM HAPPINESS
- The greatest happiness for the Moslem is to go on pilgrimage to Mecca
- Take place in the 12th month of the Muslim Lunar calendar.
- Mecca is the religious centre of Islam.
- Hagar found water there.
- At Mecca all rank and status are ignored and everyone wears a long white
garment as a sign of brotherly equally.
- At the heart of Mecca is Kaaba which contains the famous Blackstone.
HARMONY AND STATUS
- People in traditional society shared the same values and followed the same
customs.

- They lived so closely together and had to unite to protect themselves against
danger.
- Harmony was important.
- Harmony could be achieved only if:-
- They overcame greed and selfishness
- If they followed the custom for their tribe
- Showed respect for elders and those in authority.
- The needs of the group came before the need for the individual and a person
was given to the well being of the group.
- It was the group that decided what an individual will do.
- Happiness meant achieving status in society.
HAPPINESS IN TRADITIONAL SOCIETY
AFRICAN SOCIETIES HAVE BELIEVED AND TAUGHT THEIR CHILDREN THAT

HAPPINESS LIES IN
- Having many wives and disciplined children
- Having land that produced good harvests.
- Being in good relationships ancestral spirits.
- Being good warriors and victorious in tribal wars.
- Having children to remember one in old age and after one’s death.
- Having respect for the elders.

- Pleasing the Supreme Being
- Being faithful to traditions
- Having a good influence in society.
- Sharing and practice and practicing hospitality
- Having good friendships
- Being able to protect oneself from harm done by spirit through witchcraft.
TO HEAL DISHARMONY IN SOCIETY
- Human beings lived in small units called clans (tribe)
- These gave security and protection within the clan, co-operation was stressed
and individual initiative was discouraged.
Certain ideas were stressed and taught the youth and these were:
- The idea of caring for the unknown travelers.
- The idea of caring for the needy.
- The idea of caring for aged parent and children.
- The ideas of caring for the handicapped, infirm and orphans.
CAUSES OF DISHARMONY
- In the Jewish and Moslem traditions, division among people are said to be
caused by man’s refusal to submit to God and his will to human solidarity.
- Adam and Eve preferred to seek happiness through their own effect rather than

accepting what God wanted and the story the tower of Babel gives the same
lesson.
- The people wanted to do the things of their own way and their pride and sin
resulted in division.
- To heal division between people both Jews and Moslems call for a new
willingness to submit to God.
- Keep his commandments:
- To care for the poor, the widow and orphans.
HINDUS
- Hindus claim that the root of all human disharmony is human desire-greed
- So healing will come when we give desire and unite with Brahaman the source
of all being.
CHURCH HISTORY
HAPPINESS THROUGH CHRISTIANITY
- In Christianity people found salvation and salvation and a new meaning of life.
- Salvation means that Jesus had reminded people of their dignity as children of
God.
- To help them overcome their selfishness and, gave them the power to seek their
happiness in serving others.

- Salvation means we are made whole in body and soul because of the death of
Christ.
- Jesus was healing their diseases and feeding them.
- Jesus was offering them happiness after death.
EARY CHRISTIANS
- The Gospel was first prepared to people who wanted happiness but who often
failed to find it.
- In the big cites the majority of the people was poor and lived in crowded and
unsanitary slums.
- The country people grew food for them but also were forced to provide food for
the city dwellers.
- A man mighty loses half of what he grew or earned through having to pay heavy
taxes.
CYPRIAN, BISHOP OF CARTHAGE
DESCRIBES HIS CONVERSION TO CHRISTIANITY AS FOLLOWS:-
- I was so entangled by many errors of my former life that I could believe it

possible for me to escape from.
- But when I was baptized, and light from above poured into my heart and I had
drunk of the spirit.
- Then straights away in a marvelous manner, doubts began to be resolved.
- Closed doors to open seemed, dark places to grow light.

- What before seemed difficult was now easy
- What I had thought impossible was now capable of accomplishment.
IGNATIUS OF ANTIOCH
- He was a Bishop, an ex-slave and was matured at Rome in 115 A.D.
- Despite being cruelly treatment by the soldiers on his way to Rome, he found
time to write letters of encouragement to the Christians he met on the way.
- He wrote in one letter: Ignatius to the church at magnesia, greetings and good
wishes.
- When I learned of your well ordered love, I was jubilant and decided to have a
chat with you……
- I pray for union in your midst, a union based on Jesus Christ, a union with Jesus
and the father.
- Farewell- you who possess an unflinching spirit- which makes you want to be
like Jesus Christ.
SUFFERING AND HAPPINESS
- One of the greatest glories of history is the way some Christians remained
faithful to God.
- Live joyful fellowship with God ever in the mid of great suffering.
ST. MONICA FACING DEATH
- She was the mother of St. Augustine.
- Her husband was a pagan who treated her harshly but her patience and good

examples, she converted him to Christianity.
- Augustine her son was not a Christians and led an evil life in his early years.
- He was ordained priest and later became Bishop of Hippo.
- When during, she said to Augustine, “Son for my part I no longer find joy in
anything in this world….. one thing there was, for which I desired to remain still a
little longer in this life that I should see you a Catholic Christian before I die.
- This God has granted me in super abundance.
- Only this I ask you that you remember me at the table be with these words she
died.
THE UGANDAN MARTYRS
- In 1885 certain young Christians in Uganda were cruelly put to death because
they refused to obey the king who wanted to perform evil acts.
- The executioners mocked them about their faith.
- “You believe you will rise from the dead.” Well I shall burn you and see if it is so.
- In the midst of their suffering, they continued to sing hymns praising God.
- Their courage and calmness amazed their executioners.
- Among those put to death: Kizito, Charles Lwanga, Mukasa, John Mzee,
Mawagali.
TRADITIONAL WAY QUESTIONED

- The missionaries who came to Africa in the 19th century needed a great spirit of
courage and renunciation
- Many died early because of m\ malaria and other diseases.
- Since they were people of self sacrifice they expected their converts to be the
same.
- This gave the idea that Christianity was, more about self sacrifice and giving up
things than about the love of God and his desire to bring happiness.
- The early missionaries had to help their converts to make a distinction between
ways of expressing happiness that expressed Christian values and these that
contradicted the teaching of Christ.
- Mistakes were made since the missionaries did not understand fully the
culture of the people and the meaning of traditional rituals.
- Some missionaries had colonial attitudes and Africa did not trust them.
- Many missionaries at home had seen the evil of excessive alcohol which lead to
violence, unhappy families, marital infidelity and poverty.
- To fight this, this alcohol was forbidden in many churches. E.g Seventh day
Adventist.
- Others tried to educate people to use alcohol in a responsible and moderate

ways.
- The missionaries brought their attitude towards alcohol with them to Africa and
did not allow their converts to take part in beer parties or any ritual that used
beer.

BIBLE CONTENTS
OLD TESTAMENT
KEY WORDS: GIVE THE CONTENT OF PROPHET JEREMIAH’S TEACHING
FOR ISRAELITES TO RETURN TO GOD FOR THEIR FULL

HAPPINESS
JEREMIAH 2:1-13
- The lord told me to proclaim this message to everyone in Jerusalem.
- I remember how faithful you were when you were young.
- How you loved me when we first married.
- You followed me through the desert through the land that had not been sown
- Israel you belonged to me alone, you were my sacred possession.
- I sent suffering on everyone who hurt you.
- The Lord said, your ancestors worshipped idols.
- They did not care about the fertile land to enjoy good things.
- But they ruined my land.
- The priest did not ask where is the Lord
- They did not know me. The rulers rebelled against me.

- The prophets spoke in the name of Baal.
- They worshipped unless idols.
- I the Lord will bring charges against their descendants.
- No other notion had ever changed its gods.
- But my people have changed me for gods that can do nothing for them.
- And so I command the sky to shake with horror
- For my people have committed two sins.
- They have turned away from the spring of fresh water
- And they have dug cisterns, cracked cisterns that hold no water.
APPLICATION
v USING THE ABOVE IDEAS, GIVE EXAMPLES OF HOW CHRISTIANS IN MODERN

ZAMBIA ARE SEEKING HAPPINESS THROUGH CRACKED CISTERNS
- Witchcraft
- Polities-seeking power for its own sake or for selfish interests.
- Money/ wealth -taking the place of God
- Work – work occupying one’s life without even going to Church
KEY WORDS: GIVE THE CONTENT OF PROPHET JEREMIAH”S TEACHING
THAT THERE IS NO FULL HAPPINESS WITHOUT GOD
JEREMIAH 30:10-22

- My people, do not be afraid, people of Israel do not be terrified.
- I will rescue you from the distant land where you are prisoners
- You will come back home and live in peace
- You be secure and no one will make you afraid
- I will come to you and serve you
- I will destroy all the nations where I have scattered you I will not destroy you
- I will not let you go unpunished, but when I punish you, I will be fair
- The Lord says to his people, your wound are incurable, your injustices cannot be
healed
- There is no one to take care of you, they no longer care about you.
- I have attacked you as an enemy, your punishment has been harsh
- Because your sins are many and your weakness is great
- Complain no more about your injuries, there is no cure for you
- But now all those who devour you will be devoured, and all your enemies will be
taken away as prisoners
- All who oppress you will be oppressed and all who plunder you will be
plundered.
- I will make you well again; I will heal your wounds though your enemies say,
zion an outcast and no one care about her.
- I the lord have spoken, the lord says, “I will restore my people to their land and
have mercy on every family.

- Jerusalem will be rebuilt and its palaces restored.
- The people who will live there will sing praises, they will shout for joy.
- By my blessing they will increase in number, my blessing will bring them honour
- I will restore the nation’s ancient power and establish it firmly again
- I will punish all those oppress them.
- Their rulers will come from their own nations, their princes from their own
people.
- He will approach me when I invite him for who would dare to come uninvited.
- They will be my people
- And I will be their god
- I lord have spoken.
APPLICATION
v USING THE IDEAS FROM THE ABOVE PASSAGE, SHOW HOW GOD
CHRISTIANS CAN MAKE A CHRISTIAN WHO FOLLOWS HIS COMMANDMENTS
HAPPY. GIVE CONCRETE EXAMPLES
- Will not be afraid of evil people, disease or death. Will live in secure people of
God
- God will devour those who devour him
- God will restore to a Christian whatever has been lost, plundered and looted.
- He/she will be blessed and increase in kindness, integrity and material

possession.

KEY WORDS: NOTHING CAN HAPPY WITHOUT GOD ALLOWING IT
ECCLESIASTES 3:1- 8
- Everything that happens at a time God chooses
- He set time for birth and death
- The time for planting and pulling
- The time for killing and healing
- The time for tearing down and building
- The time for sorrow and joy
- The time for mourning and dancing
- For making love and not making love
- For kissing and not kissing
- For finding and losing
- For saving and throwing away
- For tearing and mending
- For silence and for talking
- For love and for hate
- For war and for peace
KEY WORDS: WE MUST SEEK OUR HAPPINESS IN GOD
PSALM 37

- Don’t be worried on account of the wicked.
- Don’t be jealous of those who do wrong, they will soon disappear like the grass
that dries up
- Seek your happiness in the Lord and he will give you your heart desire
- Those who trust in the Lord will possess the land, but the wicked will be driven
out.
- The Lord laughs at the wicked because he knows they will soon be destroyed.
- The wicked man borrows and never pays back but the good man is generous
with gifts.
- Turn from evil and do good and your descendants will always live on the land.
- A good man is wise and keeps the law of the Lord.
- The Lord protects the good man in times of trouble.
- Set your heart on your work but never on it’s for reward. How poor are those
who work for reward.

BIBLE CONTENTS
NEW TESTAMENT
KEY WORDS: STATE THE CONTENT OF A PASSAGE FROM THE GOSPEL OF

JOHN IN WHICH JESUS SHOWS THAT LIFE IS A MIXTURE OF JOY
AND SORROW
JOHN 16:16-22
- A little while you will no longer see me.
- And again a little while you will see me.
- Then some of his disciples said to one another.
- What does he mean when he says in a little while you will no longer ser me
- And because I am going to my father.
- We do not know what he is talking about.
- Jesus knew that they wanted to ask him so he said to them
- Are you discussing among yourselves when I said in a little while you will no
longer see me again.
- Very truly I tell you, you will weep and mourn
- But the world will rejoice and you will be sad.
- But your sadness will turn into gladness

- When a woman is in labour, she has pain because her hour has come.
- But when her child is born, she no longer remembers her anguish.
- Because of the joy of having brought a human being into the world,
- So you have pain now, but I will see you again.
- And your hearts will rejoice
- And no one will take your joy from you.
APPLICATION
v STATE FOUR WAYS IN WHICH A CHRISTIAN CAN HELP TO CHANGE THE

SUFFERING OF HIS PEOPLE AS REFLECTED IN THE BIBLE PASSAGE ABOVE
- Telling others that even if we suffer now, we should not lose faith in Christ
- A Christian should bring hope to those who despair.
- The suffering should help us to reflect on our life and see where we have gone
wrong.
- The suffering will turn into joy later e.g when one is preparing for the
examinations but after passing the examinations one rejoices.
KEY WORDS: THE BEATITUDES (ATTITUDES THAT BRING HAPPINESS)
MATTHEW 5:1-10
- Happy are those who know there are spiritually poor; the kingdom of God

belong to them
- Happy are those who mourn; God will comfort them
- Happy are the meek; they will receive what God has promised
- Happy are those whose greatest desire is to do what God requires; God will
satisfy them fully
- Happy are those who are merciful to others; God will be merciful to them.
- Happy are the pure in heart; they will see God
- Happy are those who work for peace, God will call them his children.
- Happy are those who are persecuted because they do what God requires; the
kingdom of God belongs to them.
KEY WORDS: GIVE THE CONTENT OF A PASSAGE IN 1 CORINTHIANS TO

EXPLAIN THE CHRISTIANS BELIEF THAT LOVE IS THE BASIS OF
HAPPINESS
1CORINTHIANS 13:1-13
- I may be able to speak the language of human beings and even of angels
- But if I have no love, my speech is no more than a noisy gong or a clanging bell.
- I may have the gift of inspired preaching.
- I may have all the knowledge and understanding all secrets
- I may have all the faith needed to move the mountains
- But if I have no love, I am nothing. I may give away everything I have, even give
up my body to be burnt

- But if I have no love, this does me no good.
- Love is patient and kind.
- It is not jealous, conceited or proud.
- Love is not ill mannered, selfish or irritable.
- Love is not happy with evil, but is happy with truth.
- Love never gives up and its faith, hope and patience never fail.
- Love is eternal.
- There are inspired messages, but they are temporary
- These are gifts of speaking in strange tongues but they cease.
- There is knowledge but it will pass.
- For our gifts of knowledge and of inspired message are only practical.
- But when what is perfect comes, and then what is partial will disappear.
- When I was a child, my speech, feelings and thinking were all those of a child.
- Now that I have grown up, I have no more uses for childish ways.
- What we see now is like a dim image in a mirror.
- Then we shall see face, what I know now is only partial.
- Then it will complete as complete as God’s knowledge of me.
- Mean while these three remain, faith, hope and love.
- And the greatest of these is love.

APPLICATION
v USING THE ABOVE PASSAGE, GIVE FOUR EXAMPLES OF A PERSON WHO

DOES NOT SHOW LOVE TO OTHERS HIS OR HER COMMUNITY
- He is impatient and unkind to others
- He is jealous and proud
- He does not forgive others
- Not being truthful.
- Being boastful about his special gifts.
KEY WORDS: MEETING JESUS BRINGS ABOUT A CHANGED LIFE
LUKE 19: 1-10
- Jesus was passing through Jericho and Zacchaeus a chief tax collector was
trying to see him.
- But he was a little man and could not see Jesus because of the crowd.
- So he ran ahead of the crowd and climbed a sycamore tree to see Jesus.
- Jesus looked up, saw him and said, ‘Hurry down, Zacchaeus, hurried down and
welcomed him with a great joy.
- All the people grumbled.
- “This man has gone as a guest to the house of a sinner”.
- Zacchaeus said, listen, sir!
- “I will give half of my belongings to the poor, and if I have cheated anyone I will

pay him back four times as much”
- Jesus said, salvation has come to this house today, for this man also is a
descendant of Abraham.
- The son of man had come to seek and to save the lost
KEY WORDS: ATTITUDES THAT LEAD TO HAPPINESS
PHILLIPIANS 4:4-7.
- May you be always joyful in your union with the lord? I say it again rejoice
- Show a gentle attitude towards everything and don’t worry about anything
- In all your prayers ask God what you need, doing so with a thankful heart.
- And God’s peace which is far beyond human understanding, will keep your
hearts and mind safe in union with Christ Jesus.
SUB THEME: UNENDING LIFE
PRESENT SITUATION
Death is the fact of life. All of us will die one day. There are various attitudes and
reactions to death that people have in Zambia:
- Witchcraft
- Jealousy

- No life after death
- Death is the end of everything
- There is the form of life after death
SOME MODERN BELIEFS CONCERING LIFE AFTER DEATH
- Some people will not accept thing which can only prove scientifically.
- Heaven and hell are ideas used to frighten people in to doing well or avoiding
evil.
- It is important to live well with people to be remembered is very important.
- There is no question of life after death, what is important is to enjoy oneself

now.
- Heaven is a place you find all good things of life.
- Hell is the place of torture and punishment.
- Heaven and hell are truth of faith not science.
- When a person suffers, they needed the idea of heaven and hell to give the hope
of the better future.
CHANGES OF THE ATTITUDES TOWARDS DEATH AND FUTURE
CHANGE ATTITUDES TOWARDA DEATH AND FUTURE
- Infancy -fear of losing the mother
- Three years old - fear of displeasing the mother and the father
- School age - death is feared as well as ghosts and grave

yards

- Adolescents - do not want to think about death, it could not
happen to them.
- Late adolescence - fear death as it might deny them of what might
happen in future.
- 27 years on wards - fear death because they have no time to

prepare
For it.
- 50 years and above - do not fear death as the future is no longer

in
front.
DISCUSS THE ATTITUDE TOWARDS DEATH AMONG SCHOOL AGE CHILDREN AND
LATE ADOLESCENTS.
1. SCHOOL CHILDREN : The future is far away, but I want to be useful when it
comes : Death is feared as are ghost and grave yards
2. LATE ADOLESCENCE: The future is exciting and frightening
: I want to be successful but I fear I might fail
: I want to marry but I fear we might not continue to be

happy
: Death is terrible as it might take away the person I

want to
be always with

: Death might deny me the happiness I know I will have
in the future but which has not yet come.
HINDU REINCARNATION
REBIRTH (SAMSARA)
- Hindus belief in rebirth or transmigration of souls
- When a person dies, the soul passes into another body and begin a new life.
- Time conceived as going round in the endless circles it has no beginning and no
end.
- It is a constant circle of birth and death it’s an ending.
- The person who is reborn has no memory of the other life
- Liberation is attaining (MOKSHA) when the soul is united with Brahman.
- Believe in resurrection then Day of Judgment.
- God will the good and punish the poor.
STATE FOUR IDEAS THAT ARE FOUND IN THE CONCEPT OF HINDU REINCARNATION
- Hindus believe in rebirth or transmigration of the soul
- After death, the soul passes into another body and begin a new life
- Hindus believe that time goes round and round in endless circles
- A person who is reborn normally has no memory of previous existence
- State four ideas that explain Christian concept of heaven
- Heaven is not a place as understood in the physical sense
- It is a state of being at peace with oneself and with God

- People, who admit their mistakes, choose the freedom of caring and respect
love are at peace with their conscience.
- The joy of heaven cannot be described as it is beyond deepest imagination.
LIST FOUR IDEAS ABOUT CONSCIOUSNESS IN HINDUISM.
- The person who is reborn generally has no memory of previous existence.
- As a person lives and accts his character is formed.
- While he cannot remember everything he does each action forms him and his
world in a lasting way.
- When he acts or does something he makes a change in the world.
- At the same time the action changes that person inside in that it forms his
character.
- The process continues over again until it reaches completion.
STATE FOUR MUSLIM BELIEFS CONCERNING THE RESURRECTION OF THE DEAD
- Creation is the result of God’s true decision
- Allah will restore life in a new creation
- With the resurrection comes judgment
- The good will have happiness
- The bad will suffer
- To ask when the resurrection will come is a sigh n of unbelief

- The resurrection will come whether we believe or not
- All one’s deeds will be revealed
AFRICAN TRADITION
WHAT MOURNING AND BURIAL CUSTOM EXPRESS
- When one dies he entered the world of the sprits.
- Death is feared.
- One becomes an ancestral spirit
- But remains part of the family
- Become a mediator between God and the living.
- Names of the dead are given to the children
- Items like cups, plates are put in that they will use them in the world of the
spirits.
ZAMBIAN MYTHS
1. Kaonde: Guide the three pots God gave it to take to the people one pot contains
diseases, cruel animals and death.
2. Chewa Death: Had come because the hair twisted the message God sent to the
people through the chameleon.
3. Lozi: Death come into the world because man was competing with God and
killing God’s creatures
WHO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR DEATH

- God as he is seen as the master of life and death
- All natural death are attributed to him
- Witchcraft and bad spirit
- A natural death is that of ripe old age
- Natural death explains how people die but does not explain why.
- Relative of the deceased go to the diviner to find solution.
SPIRITS
Tonga (Ceelo): They wonder above to do evil and kill people from the community to
which they belonged.
Lozi (Silumba): Witches will kill people and force their spirits to work for them at night
Bemba (Kabee, musonda,chishimba):Spirits are associated to hells waterfall or large

rocks. these are not evil spirits.
Bemba (Amalomba): An evil person can obtain a secrete creature which is like a snake
with a human face. If it killed even the master dies.
Luvale (Vanoumba): These are spirits possessed by witches which kill people from
time to time.
Tonga (Basungu): People possessed by spirits are called Basungu, they control rain
shrines.
ANCESTRAL VENERATION
- Ancestral Sprits were given respect in the following ways
- Spirits are given respect because they believed that they are mediator between
god and the people

- Offering gift to them
- Asking for favor from them
- Giving names to the new born babies’
- Building spirits hurts for them.
- Brewing beer in their honor.
MENTION FOUR WAYS IN WHICH ANCESTORS WERE VENERATED IN TRADITIONAL

AFRICA SOCIETIES
- Naming children after them
- Asking favour of them
- Offering gifts to them
- Build spirit huts for them
- Brewing beer in their honor
- Whispering massage to those who have just died to deliver them to the spirit.
GIVE FOUR IDEAS ABOUT WHO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR DEATH ACCORDING TO

AFRICAN BELIEFS
- God is seen as the master of death as he is the master of life.
- All material deaths are attributed to him.
- Natural death is that of a good and ripe old age.
- Other deaths are attributed to the destructive activities of sorcerers and bad
spirits.
- Death in the prime of one’s life is abnormal and thus cannot be the work of God

but of wizards and sorcerers.
- One exception is the death of a child who has not yet been given a name or over
whom no rite has been performed to introduce him/her into the community.
- Natural causes explain how a person dies but they don’t explain why.
CHURCH HISTORY
Early Christians did not fear death
- Apostles preached that Jesus was with them and noting not even death can
separate them.
- Thought Jesus life death and resurrection death was no longer something to be
feared.
- At Pentecost, the apostles received the Holy Spirit
GOD REVEALS HIMSELF TO MANKIND THROUGH HIS HOLY SPIRIT
- By showing how faithful God is to his promises
- By his teaching and miracles, offering a way to live more fully
- By promising his caring presence to the end
- By promising to offer friendship even to the enemies’
- By offering unending life now and after death.
GOD REVEALS HIMSELF TO MANKIND THROUGH HIS HOLY SPIRIT

- By creating to human being the ability to respond to his offer of friendship.
- By making it possible for them to love God and to love their fellow humans
being as Jesus.
- By making it possible for them to make Jesus the lord and master.
FEAR OF DEATH
- Some wrong ideas about God
- They never trusted that God was a good shepherd.
- They feared God’s punishment and great fear of death began.
MIDDLE AGE
- Life was more insecure because of many wars and epidemics in the Roman
Empire.
- Christians lost their trust in God‘s of salvation.
- Fear of God’s severe judgment.
THE REFORMATION PERIOD
- Martin Luther reminded his follow that God’s free gift is something that we not
earn ourselves
- He asks people to trust in God’s goodness and care.
- Some people believed that since God is all powerful, he knows everything and
controls al things.

- Despite these reforms; some wrong understanding continued, for example
predestination.
- This theory is false because it makes God to be cruel.
- God offers each person a gift of salvation and his own spirit. But separates the
freedom of an individual to choose heaven or hell
PREACHERS OF FEAR
In the 19th century they began (gospel preaching)
- some preachers claim at frightening people into becoming Christians
- so the preaching of Christianity did not bring people relief from fear nor was it
preached with respect for peoples dignity and freedom that so characterized the
life of Jesus
THE JOY OF LIFE AFTER DEATH
- The church is re-emphasizing the joy of now and after death and not
punishment
- New scientific knowledge creates deeper understanding of heaven and hell as a

state of being rather than physical places
- A study of scriptures and forms of prayers are keeping Christians to experience

god’s care, trust and love
- Psychological studies in human development brings a deeper understanding

and awareness of maturity and death
- The modern technology development is making material life for people more
secure
- Understanding life is seen as power within a person here and now

CHRISTIAN UNDERSTANDING
Death, heaven, hell and judgment are known as the four last things
Death power until all the senses, the heart and the brain stop functioning
is lessening of our physical
- It is not the end of life but entrance into a deep union with a new source of life
- At death, one knows the deepest truth of existence
Judgment
- a person is responsible for making or destroying himself or herself
- it is not God who judge but people are judged by their own conscious and God
accepts the verdict
Heaven
- heaven cannot be called a physical place but a state of being at peace with
oneself and God
- people are at peace with their conscious
- one finds oneself embraced by God
- the joy of heaven cannot be explained as it is beyond our understanding
- even though people have made mistakes, they have chosen the freedom of
caring and loving
Hell
- this is a state of being in pain
- a state of fire that never goes out

- hell comes as a result of bad actions
- when one refuses to respect his conscious
- God never sends people to
- hell but gives them free will
STATE FOUR IDEAS ABOUT THE CONCEPT OF HEEL IN CHRISTIANITY
- Hell is a state of being in pain
- Hell is a state of fire that never goes out
- Hell comes as a result of bad behaviours
- God never sends people to hell but gives them free will
DISCUSS THE CONCEPT OF HELL IN CHRISTIANITY
- Hell being the state of pain.
- Hell being a place of fire that never goes out
- Hell comes as a result of bad actions
- When one refuses to respect his conscience.
- God never sends people to tell hell but gives them free will

BIBLE CONTENTS
OLD TESTAMENT
KEY WORDS: GIVE THE PASSAGE IN WHICH KING HEZEKIAH GIVES US AN

EARLY UNDERSTANDING OF LIFE AFTER DEATH.
ISAIAH 38:9-20
- After Hezekiah recovered from his illness he wrote this song of praise
- I thought in the prime of life. I was going to the world of the dead
- Never to live out my life
- That in this world of the living I would never see the lord or any living person
- My life was cut off and ended
- Like a tent taken down/cloth cut from a room
All night I cried out with pains as felon was ending my life
My voice was weak, and thin I moaned like a dove
My eyes were tired from looking to heaven
Lord rescue me form all the trouble

But what can I say the lord has done this to me
Lord I will live for you alone hear me and let me live again
My bitterness will turn into peace
You save me form danger forgive all my sins
The dead cannot trust in you
It is the living who praise you as i do now
I father tell my children how faithful you are
Lord you have healed me
We will play harps and sing praise in your temple as long as we live.
APPLICATION
v USING THE IDEAS IN THE TEXT, SHOW HOW PEOPLE TODAY FEAR DEATH
- A person suffering from terminal illness, AIDS, CANCER, TB, which has no cure
- A person worried about family responsibility
- A young person with higher responsibility
- A young person with higher ambitions may not welcome death
- Newly married couple or newly employed person or someone who has just
acquired something in life.

KEY WORDS: RESSURECTION OF THE DEAD
DANIEL 12: 1-3
- the angel wearing a linen clothes said,
- “at that time the angel Michael will appear then there will be a time of trouble
- When that time comes all the people of the nation whose names are written in
God’s book will saved
- Many of those who have already died will live again
- Some will enjoy eternal life, and some will suffer eternal disgrace
- The wise leaders will shine with all the brightness like the sky
- And those who have taught people to do right will shine like stars forever”
KEY WORDS: GOD WILL NOT ABANDON US (A PRAYER OF PROTECTION
PSALMS 16
- Protect me o lord I trust you for safety you are my lord
- All the good things I have, come from you
- How excellent are God’s faithful people?
- These who rush to other gods bring many troubles on themselves
- I will not worship their gods’
- Lord you give all I have and you give all that I need, my future is in your hands
- How wonderful are your gifts to me!
- I praise the lord because he guides me

- I am always aware of God’s presence and I feel completely secure because you
protect me from the power of death
- And the one you love will not abandon to the world of the dead
- Your presence feels with joy and brings me pleasure forever
APPLICATION
v DISCUSS SOME OF THE THINGS THAT GIVES MAN THE GREATEST JOY.
- God is able to protect his people from the power of death.
- He is the lord who loves his people.
- He is the God who gives his people what they want.
- He guides and protects people from the troubles.
BIBLE CONTENTS
NEW TESTAMENT
KEY WORD: GIVE THE CONTENT FROM THE BOOK OF JOHN WHICH SHOWS

JESUS’ POWER OVER DEATH
JOHN 11: 11-44
- Jesus said this and then added, our friend Lazarus had fallen asleep
- But I will go and wake him up.
- The disciples answered if he is asleep. Lord, he will get well.
- Jesus meant that Lazarus had died but they thought he meant natural sleep.
- So Jesus told them plainly, Lazarous is dead
- But for your sake I am glad that I was with him
- So that you will believe, let us go to him
- Thomas said to the disciples; let us all go with the teacher so that we may die
with him.
- When Jesus arrived he found Lazarous had been buried for four days before .
- Bethany was less than 3 km from Jerusalem.
- Many had come to see Martha and Mary to comfort them over their brother’s
death.
- When he arrived Martha said to him, if you had been here my brother would not
have death.
- Jesus said to her, but I know even now
- God will give you whatever you ask him for.
- Your brother will rise to life.
- I know that he will rise on the last day, Martha replied

- Jesus said to her, I am resurrection and life, those who believe in me will live,
even though they die. Do you believe?
- Yes lord, she answered, I believe that you are the messiah, the Son of God who
was to come into the world.
- Martha went in to tell her sister about Jesus, and she immediately went out to
meet him……
- Mary fell at his feet, lord he said if you had been here my brother would not
have died
- Jesus saw her weeping, he saw how the people were weeping, his heart was
touched and he was deeply moved
- Where have you buried him? He asked them
- Come and see., lord, they said
- Jesus wept
- See how much he loved him the people said,
- Deeply moved, once more went to the tomb, which was a cave with a stone
placed at the entrance.
- Then he prayed, and called in a loud voice, Lazarous come out
- He came out, his hands and feet wrapped in grave clothes
- United him, Jesus told them and let him go.
APPLICATION
v WHAT SHOULD BE THE ROLE OF A CHRISTIAN AT THE FUNERAL IN THEE

LIGHT OF THE ABOVE TEXT?

- To comfort the bereaved
- To give courage in the face of suffering
- Give hope in the resurrection
- Help the mourners prepare for the life after death
- Take God more seriously
APPLICATION
v GIVE FOUR EXAMPLES OF WHAT THE ROLE OF A CHRISTIANS SHOULD BE

AT A FUNERAL.
- To comfort those who have lost the beloved one.
- To encourage fellow mourners not to die in sin.
- To preach.
- To help those at a funeral house.
- To give confidence
- To mourn together and to give hope in Christ Jesus.
KEY WORDS: THE RESURRECTED BODY
1 CORINTHIANS 15:51-58
- Listen to this secret truth; we shall all not die, but when the last trumpet sounds,
we shall be changed in all instant, as quickly as the blinking of an eye.
- For when the trumpet sounds, the dead will be raised, never to die again and we
shall be changed.

- For all what is mortal must be changed into what is immortal.
- So when this happen and the mortal has been changed into immortal, then the
scripture will come true death is destroyed; victory is complete
- Where death is your victory? Where death is your power to hurt.”
- Death gets its power to hurt from sin, and sin gets it power from the law. But
thanks are to God who gives the victory through our Lord Jesus Christ.
- So then, my dear brothers, stand firm and stead. Keep busy always in your work
for the lord, since know that nothing you do in the Lord’s service is ever unless.
KEY WORDS: LOVE OF NEIGHBOURS
LUKE 14: 12-14
- Then Jesus said to his host, when you give lunch or dinner, do not invite your
friends, or your brothers or your rich neighbor
- For they will invite you back and in this way you will be paid for what you did.
- When give a feast, invite the poor, the crippled, the lame, the blind
- You will be blessed because they are not able to pay you back.
- God will repay you on the day the good people will rise from death.
KEY WORDS: GIVE THE CONTENT OF A PASSAGE FROM THE GOSPEL OF

JOHN WHICH SHOWS JESUS AS THE SOURCE OF UNENDING LIFE.

JOHN 5:24-29
- Whoever hears my words and believes in the one who sent me
- Has eternal life
- He will not be judged
- But has already passed from death to eternal life
- The time is coming when the dead will hear the voice of the son of God
- And those who hear it will come to life
- Just as the father is himself the source of life
- He has made his son the right to judge
- Because he is the son of man
- The time will come when all the dead will hear the voice and come out of the
grave
- Those who have done good will rise and live
- Those who have done evil will rise and be condemned.
APPLICATION
DISCUSS FOUR WAYS IN WHICH THE SCRIPTURE ABOVE CAN AFFECT THE LIFE OF
A CHRISTIAN
- A Christian must trust in God
- If a Christian believes in Jesus, then he has hoped of eternal life
- Christian should not fear death as it is a gateway to eternal life.
- A Christian should spread the good news so that others can hear it.

- A Christian should do the will of God so that he will no be condemned
KEY WORDS: GIVE THE CONTENT OF A PASSAGE FROM 1 CORINTHIANS TO

EXPLAIN THE EARLY CHURCH’S BELIEF CONCERNING THE
RESURRECTION OF JESUS AND THE RESURRECTION OF ALL
PEOPLE
1 CORINTHIANS 15: 1-28
- And now I want to remind you, my brothers, of the Good News which I preached
to you, which you received, and on which your faith stands firm.
- That is the Gospel, the message that I preached to you. You are saved by the
Gospel if you hold firmly to it- unless it was for nothing that you believed.
- I passed on to you what I received, which is of the greatest importance: that

Christ died for our sins, as written in the scriptures.
- That he appeared to Peter and then to all twelve apostles.
- The he appeared to more than 500 of his followings at once, most of whom are
still alive, although some have died.
- Then he appeared to James, and afterwards to all the twelve apostles
- Last of all he appeared also to me-even though I am like someone whose birth
was abnormal.

- For I am the least of all the apostles- I do not even deserve to be called an
apostle, because I persecuted the church of God.
- But by God’s grace I am what I am, and the grace that he gave me was not
without effect.
- So then, whether it came from me or from them, this is what we all preach, and
this is what you believe.
- Now, since our message is that Christ has been raised from death, how can
some of you say that the dead will not be raised to life?
- If that is true, it means that Christ was not raised.
- And if Christ has not been raised from death, then we have nothing to preach
and you nothing to preach and you have nothing to believe.
- More than that, we are shown to be lying about God, because we said that he
raised Christ from death-but if it is true that the dead are not raised to life, and
then he did not raise Christ.
- But the truth is that Christ has been raised from death, as the guarantee that
those who sleep in death will also be raised.
- For just as all people die because of their union with Adam, in the same way all
will be raised to life because of their union with Christ. Etc.
APPLICATION
v FROM THE ABOVE PASSAGE, WHAT FOUR IDEAS WOULD NOE SHARE WITH A
PERSON WHO SAYS THERE IS NO RESURRECTION?
- Our resurrection is based on the fact that Christ rose from the dead.
- Christ’s resurrection was witnessed by Peter and many others.

- If we are not going to rise then our believing in Christ is useless.
- A seed that is planted first dies before it geminates, in the same way, we will die
and rise to life.
KEY WORDS: GIVE THE BIBLE CONTENTS FROM THE BOOK OF JOHN THAT
SHOWS THAT JESUS IS THE SOURCE OF ETERNAL LIFE AND
FROM THE BOOK OF REVELATION THAT SHOWS JOYS OF LIFE
AFTER DEATH.
JOHN 5:24-29
- I am telling you the truth; whoever hear my words and believes n him who sent
me has eternal life.
- He will not be judged, but has already passed from death to life
- I am telling you the truth, the time is coming the time has already come, when
the dead will hear the voice of the son of God.
- And those who hear will come to life just as the father is himself the source of
life
- In the same way he has made his son to be the source life
- And he has given the son of the right to judge because he is son of man
- Don’t be surprised at his, the time is coming whne the dead will hear his voice
and come out of the graves
- Those who have done good will rise and live.
REVELATION 22:1-5
- The angel also showed me the river of the water of life, sparkling like crystal,
and coming from the throne of God and of the lamb

- And flowing down the middle of the city, street.
- On each side of the river was the tree of life, which bears fruit twelve times a
year, once each month.
- And its leaves are for the healing of the nations
- The throne of God and of the lands will be in the city and his servants will
worship him
- They will see his face, and name will be written on their foreheads
- There shall be no more night and they will not need lamps or sunlight Because
the lord God will be their light And they will live as kings forever and ever.
APPLICATION
v DISCUSS FOUR WAYS WHY PEOPLE SHOW FEAR OF DEATH IN ZAMBIA

TODAY
- When they have wealth
- When the parents have small children
- When a person has got a good job/is in leadership
- When a person is about to wed promoted.
KEY WORDS: FROM THE BOOK OF DANIEL STATE HOW THE JEWS GREW TO
BELIEVE IN THE RESURRECTIPON OF THE DEAD AND FROM
LUKE GOSPEL, SHOW HOW UNENDING LIFE BEGINS NOW AND IIS
SHOWN IN SELFLESS LVE FOR ONE’S NEIGHBOR
DANIEL 12:1-3
- The angel wearing linen clothes said at the time great angel Michael who

guards you people will appear
- Then there will be a time of troubles, the worst since nations first came into
existence
- When that time comes, all the pole of your nation whose names are written in
God’s book will be saved
- Many of those who have already died will live again
- Some will enjoy eternal life, and some will suffer eternal disgrace.
- The wise leaders will shine with the brightness of the sky
- The wise who have taught many people to do what is right will shine like the
stars forever.
LUKE 10:25-28
- A teacher of the law came up and tried to trap him
- Teacher, he asked, “What must I do to receive eternal life?
- Jesus answered him, “what do the scripture say? How do you interpret them?”
- The man answered,” Love the lord God with all your heart, with all your soul, with
all your strength, and with your entire mind.”
- And love your neighbor as you love yourself.
- You are right, Jesus replied, do this and you shall live
LUKE 14:12-14
- Then Jesus said to his host, when you give lunch or dinner, do not invite your
friends or your relatives or your rich neighbors”.
- For they will invite you back, and in this way you will be paid for what you did.

- When you give a feast, invite the poor, the crippled, the lame and th blind
- Your will be blessed because they are not able to pay back
- God will repay you on the good people will rise from death.
APPLICATION
v WITH REFERENCE TO THE ABOVE PASSAGE, GIVE FOUR PRACTICAL

EXAMPLES OF HOW CHRISTIANS CAN FOLLOW JESUS, EXAMPLE OF
BRINGING ABOUT UNENDING LIFE NOW.
- Helping others without expecting to be helped
- Orphanages- Children who have lost their parents are cared for by christens in
orphanages
- Homes for old people- old people who have no relative or are abandoned are
looked after in the home
- Visiting the sick Christians visit the sick to comfort them in hospitals.
- Comforting and consoling the bereaved. Etc.
MAJOR THEME: MAN AND WOMAN
SUB THEME: COURTSHIP AND MARRIAGE
DIMESION PRESENT SITUATION
INTRODUCTION
This sub theme studies the question of marriage and the prior steps that lead to the
possibility of a successful marriage It explores the journey a person takes as they pick

out another person with whom they choose to totally share themselves on faithful love
and later bring forth new life.
CHALLENGES ADOLESCENTS MIGHT FACE IN A BOY GIRL RELATIONSHIP.
THE STRUGGLE FOR IDENTITY
- One longs for the privileges of adulthood
- The long dream of what they will be and things they will have.
- Long to make own decision and form own values.
- Direction from elders and parents feels like restrictions
- Their confidence is fragile and any defect in their bodies or lack of new clothes
becomes a source of worry.
- It is a special gift to be appreciated by the member of the opposite sex.
ADOLESCENCE; THE GROWTH OF SEXUAL RESPONSIBILITY
- Interests in the opposite sex grow, and popular become an overriding concern.
- Experience new sexual feeling that one has never felt before.
- Love letters become the order of the day
- These feeling and drives move one towards opposite sex.
- They develop fear of one’s own competences and one’s attractiveness.
- -Modern school life delays marriage but desires remain as strong as ever.
LEARNING TO MATURE AND CARE
- One longs to be in company of someone of the opposite sex one likes
- Conversation lasts long

- They enjoy the fascination of learning to understand each other’s world.
- Some tradition and modern ideas discourage this type of relationship as it can
lead to sexual immorality.
- Others trust the necessity of such interaction and the seriousness of

adolescents to behave maturely.
INFATUATION: Form falling in love to a decision to care
- Infatuation is common in adolescences-it’s a mistake for true love.
- Infatuation is sudden and intense feeling of loving somebody.
- It normally includes a desire to sacrifice one’s self for and spend one’s life with
the special person.
- Real love demands knowledge of the other person.
- Love demands a decision to care enough for beloved one.
- Love is full of physical and spiritual development.
DATING TOWADS A SELECTIVE COMPAIONSHIP
- Dating or having a boy/girl is a growing new phenomenon [idea] in Zambia.
- It’s time for companionship leading to sharing.
- One need to select the one person one wants to live with in marriage.
- However those adolescents not mature enough can misuse the idea for sexual
pleasure and enslave the other person.
KEEPING THE DESIRE FOR SEXUAL INTERCOURSE IN PERSPECTIVE
- One need to remember that sexual intercourse is momentary and fleeting which
means deceiving.

- friendship is concerned with the total good of the other person
- Sexual intercourse is the only way of showing love in a relationship.
- Sexual intercourse can be personal or impersonal
- Sexual intercourse can be generous or selfish
- It can be an expression of love or an empty imitation of one’s love most

profound acts.
- At its best it can be a special message for the uniquely important person
- At its worst it is an act of violence attacking the very dignity and worth of
another person.
- Only in marriage can sexual intercourse achieve its fullest potential for building
and expressing love.
QUALITIES A WOMAN MIGHT LOOK FOR IN HER FUTURE HUSBAND
- Social and one who has a good relationship with everyone.
- Kind Man Treats her well has self-control and respect wife.
- Has same religion so that the two partners are guided by same values.
- Faithful to the wife does not run around with other women.
- Same interests with wife so that they can share many things.
- Has true love cares for his family in practical way. Wife is a partner not servant.
QUALITIES A MAN MIGHT LOOK FOR IN THIS FUTURE WIFE
- Kind and loving.
- Obedient and able to listen to the husband.

- Clean look after the home and possession.
- Able to keep secrets
- Not quarrelsome.
- Welcomes visitors.
- Hardworking and preferably employed.
- Patient and able to discuss with husband problems in the home.
FINDINGS OF SOCIAL SCIENCE REGARDING THE QUALITIES NEEDED TO HAVE A

GOOD MARRIAGE
PHYSICAL BEAUTY IS IMPORTANT BUT FRAGILE
- Physical beauty is important but fragile it can vanish through accidents or

disease.
- Far more important than physical beauty is a good character.
- Two people entering marriage must be able to carry on serious conversation

with each other.
- They must share basic values.
- There must be love for family life.
- Both need to be honest about their health.
- Both need to be good.
- Any serious misconduct or immoral behavior in one partner before marriage

should make one think twice; behavior does not change after marriage.

PROBLEMS RELATED TO COURSHIP AND MARRIAGE
1. COURTSHIP
- Pretense
- Unfaithfulness
- Impatience
- Jealous and suspicious
- Some young men look for temporal sexual partner under the cover of courtship.
3. MARRIAGE
- Prostitution.
- Financial problems.
- Lack of dialogue.
- Lack of trust reconciliation.
- Suspicious.
- Polygamy brings about tension.
HINDU COURTSHIP MARRIAGE AND DIVORCE
COURTSHIP: is rare among the Hindus since most of marriages (90%) are arranged by
parents.
VIRGINITY: Is highly respected among Hindu girls. To lose virginity among Hindu girls
lead to being an outcast in the society. Even a boy know to be fooling around with girls
would find it difficult to find a decent girl for marriage.

MARRIAGE: Most marriages were arranged by the parents.
- Marriage was considered to be holy ceremony and greater events of their lives.
- Was not a contract between two individuals but a strong bond between two
families.
- Marriages affected not only the couple but other members of the family as well.
- Married woman was out of bounds to every male.
- Adultery was considered the worst sin.
DIVORCE: was not allowed among the Hindu because marriage is a bond with nothing
but death can break. In times of problems a couple was encouraged to fast and pray.
MUSLIM MARRIAGE
- It is a commitment to life itself and to society to one another and to God.
- God made a woman so that man can find comfort and rest in her.
- A man is fortune to have a wife who is holy and playful.
- Muslims hope to find a mutual self-fulfillment and self-realization, love and

peace comfort and hope within marriage
OBLIGATIONS (DUTIES) OF HUSBAND IN MUSLIM MARRIAGE
- Must treat wife with kindness.
- He must provide food, house, clothing and security for the wife
- Must fully maintain his wife cheerfully without complaints.
- Must respect his wife’s need for permanence, security and also her inner
feelings.

OBLIGATIONS OF THE WIFE
- To contribute to the success and happiness of the marriage.
- Must be attentive to the comfort and well-being of her partner.
- Must be honest trustworthy .faithful and not allow another sexual partner.
- Must keep herself attractive, responsive and cooperative.
DOWRY (BRIDE WEALTH)
- Woman had the right to demand dowry from her would be husband according to
her standards and according to his means.
- She could accept the man without any dowry.
- Right to dowry is to assure woman that she was wanted and needed.
- It was a way of preventing a man from entering marriage for material gain.
STEP TAKEN BEFORE DIVORCE IS GRANTED IN MUSLIM MARRIAGE
- The two parties involved must first try to settle their disputes between
themselves.
- If it fails, two arbitrators one from the husband’s and wife’s relations must try to
make peace between the two.
- There must be a waiting period of three to twelve months where the two can live
apart.
- The wife continues to be fully supported by the husband
- Neither may marry during this time.
- If it fails, then divorce can be granted and both are free to marry.

AFRICAN TRADITION
THE PURPOSE OF MARRIAGE IN AFRICA TRADITION
- A means of bearing children for the family lineage, to the clan.
- An alliance between two families.
- To gain respect.
- To have a helper.
- it was not the concern of two individuals but the concern of two entire families.
- To have more than two children helped to strengthen marriage.
REASONS FOR THE PAYMENT OF LOBOLA (BRIDE WEALTH) IN AFRICAN

TRADITIONAL SOCIETY
- It was part of the process of gift exchange legalizing a marriage.
- It gave legitimacy to children of the union (marriage).
- It helps to stabilize the marriage.
- It was a way of honoring the lineage spirits.
- It gave compensation to the relatives of the bride for the loss of their daughter.
MARRIAGE PREPARATION
This is the duty of the parents. Advice is given to the boy and girl by the parents.
MOTHER’S ADVISE TO THE DAUGHTER
- To love no one but the one they approved.

- To have self-respect and self-control.
- To never deny sex to the husband expect in sickness.
- To be a hard worker, looking after in-law and strangers.
- To be obedient to the husband and elders.
FATHERS ADVISE TO THE SON
- He was advised that character was more important than the beauty of the girl.
- To look at the wife as the second mother.
- To never be harsh or call her bad names.
- To never despise her.
- Never to use her as the sex object.
- To collect her humbly if she goes wrong.
- To look after the in-law and to love the wife, be a hard worker and provide for the
family.
ELEMENTS COMMON TO THE MARRIAGE RITES OF MOST TRIBES IN ZAMBIA
- Public witness to the social event characterized by dancing speeches and

feasting.
- Seclusion and instruction of the bride.
- Mock hostility between the two families.
- Capture and handling over the bride.
- Initiation of the bride into her domestic duties by means of a symbolic.
- Veiling and unveiling of the bride.

- Anointing of the bride and the groom (spouse).
- Ceremonial bath of the bride.
- Consummation of the marriage with witnesses nearby.
- Gift exchange.
REASON WHY MODERN MARRIAGES ARE MORE STABLE THAN TRADITIONAL

FAMILY LIFE MARRIAGE
Marry while still too young: Boys and girls marry without a clear understanding of their
responsibility and knowledge about marriage.
Desire for material wealth: Marriages are motivated by riches.
Excessive movement: Frequent absence from home by either a woman or a man for un
important reasons. This may crate the room for temptation.
Freedom of choice: The boy or girl is entirely responsible for the choice of a partner,
parents are never consulted.
Early involvement in beer drinking: Boys in particular will start drinking beer at an early
stage.
CHURCH HISTORY
CHRISTIAN MARRIAGE CEREMONY
There are a number of things found in modern wedding ceremony. Some of these are
essential to a Christian marriage ceremony while other are non- essential.
NON-ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS FOUND IN MODERN MARRIAGE
- Having bride maids.

- Having a wedding cake.
- Wearing a white dress.
- Holding a wedding reception.
- Having a matron of honour.
- Singing a register.
ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS
- Promising to love each other and respect each other till death.
- praying for God’s blessing.
- Allowing Christ teach them the way to love.
- Being faithful having trust patient humble and care to sacrifice and accept
frustration.
- Growing together in the presence and his help.
BIBLE CONTENTS
OLD TESTAMENT
KEY WORDS: ILLUSTRATE HEBREWS TEACHING THAT MARRIAGE WAS

WILLED BY GOD.
GENESIS 2:18-25
- Then the lord said it’s not good for a man to live alone.
- I will make a suitable companion to help him.
- So he took some soil from the ground and formed all the animals and all he
birds.

- Then he brought them to man and he named them.
- But no one was suitable companion to help him.
- Then the lord made the man to fall into the deep sleep.
- And while he was sleeping he took out one of the man ribs and closed up the
flesh.
- He formed a woman out of the rib and brought her to him.
- Then the man said’ at least here is one of my own kind.
- Bone taken from my bone and flesh from my flesh.
- Woman is her name because she is taken from man.
- That why a man has to leaves his father and mother and is united with his wife
and they become one.
- The man and the woman were both naked but they were not ashamed or
embarrassed.
APPLICATION
v BY USING THE ABOVE PASSAGE, GIVE STEPS REQUIRED FOR FULL

COMPANIONSHIP IN MARRIAGE ACCORDING TO THE BOOK OF CENESIS
1. Leave: A man should leave his father and mother.
2. Cleave: A man should join his wife as a commitment to a lifelong companionship.
3. Becoming one fresh: Means a project of sharing possession bodies’ emotion, spirt
or intellect.
EXPLAIN WHY DIVORCE IS NOT ALLOWED BY GOD

- It is sin in the eyes of God.
- Marriage is God’s will and on one should separate.
- Children may suffer financially, emotionally
- Quarrels and fights may occur.
KEY WORDS: DIVORCE WAS AT FIRST ALLOWED
DEUTERONOMY 24:1
- Suppose a man marries a woman and later decides he does not want her
- Because he find something in her which he does not like
- He write a divorce paper
- And gives it to her
- And he sent her away from home.
APPLICATION
v WITH REFERENCE TO THE PASSAGE GIVE REASONS AS TO WHY DIVORCE IS

NOT ALLOWED IN THE CHURCH/NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF DIVORCE
- It is sin in the eyes of God.
- It creates hatred and even death.
- Women and children may suffer.
- And lead to contracting STD, HIV/AIDS
KEY WORDS: A PROPHET WHO DENOUNCED DIVORCE
MALACHI 2:13-16

- This is another thing that you do
- You have drawn the lords alter with tears
- Weeping and wailing because he no longer accepts the offering you bring and
asks why he no longer accepts
- It’s because u have broken the promise to the wife you married when you were
young
- She was your partner and you have broken the promise before the lord that you
will be faithful to her
- Did God not make one body and spirit with her?
- What was his promise in this? It was that you should have children that are truly
God’s people
- So make sure that none of you breaks his promise to his wife.
- I hate divorce, says the lord god of Israel
- I hate it when one of you does such a cruel thing to the wife
- Make sure that u do not break you promise to be fulfilled to your wife
APPLICATION
- Church might be condemned if it allowed divorce.
- Marriage is the will of God.
- Might promote promiscuity and Adultery
- Divorce is sin in the eyes of God
- Might be seen to be defeating the global fight against HIV/AIDS

KEY WORDS: THE UNFAITHFUL GOMER (HOSEA’SWIFE) AND THE
UNFAITHFUL ISRAEL
HOSEA 2: 2-23; 3:1
- So call your fellow Israelites, God’s people are loved by the lord
- My children plead with your mother though she is no longer a wife to me and I
am no longer her husband
- Plead with her to stop prostitution
- If she does not, I will strip he naked as she was on the day she was born
- I will make her like a dry and barren land she will die of thirsty
- will not show mercy to her children, they are the children of a shameless
prostitute
- She herself said, I will go to my lovers, they give me food and weather and wool
linen olive oil and wine
- So I am going to fence her in with thorn bushes and build a wall to block her
way
- She will run after her lover but she will not catch them. She will look for them
but she will not find them
- Then she says that I am going back to my first husband I was better off then
than I am now

- She will never acknowledge that I was the one who gave her the corn, wine olive
oil and all her silver and gold she used in her worship of Baal
- So at harvest time, I will take back my gift of corn, wine, and will take away the
wool and linen I gave her for her clothing
- I will strip her in front of her lover and no one will be able to save her.
- I will put on her festivities, annual and her monthly festivals and her Sabbath
cerebration of all religious meetings
- I will destroy her grape vine and her fig trees which she said her lover gave her
for serving them
- I will punish her for the time she forgot me when she burnt essence to Baal and
put her jewelry to go casing after her lover. The lord has spoken.
APPLICATION
v WITH REFERENCE TO THE ABOVE PASSAGE, GIVE REASONS WHY MARRIAGE

PARTNERS MIGHT BE UNFAITHFUL.
- Lack of children in a home.
- Lack trust between the couple.
- Lack of love and peace in the home.
- Lack of support in different areas in a home
BIBLE CONTENTS
NEW TESTAMENT
KEY WORDS: JESUS HEALS A BROKEN DOWN MARRIAGE RELATIONSHIP AT

THE WOMAN AT THE WELL
JOHN 4:16-19
- Go and call your husband and come back, Jesus told the woman
- I have no husband she replied
- Jesus said to her, you are right when you say you have no husband.
- You have been married to five men and the one you line with now is not your
husband.
- You have told me the truth, the woman said,
- I can see that you are a prophet.
APPLICATION
v MENTION FOUR ELEMENTS THAT MIGHT HELP TO STRENGTHEN

MARRIAGES TODAY.
- Trust between the couple.
- . Faithfulness.
- Openness to each other.
- Willingness to discuss problems
MENTION THE CAUSES OF DIVORCE
- Lack of trust
- Quarrels
- Lack of respect

- Unfaithfulness between the couple.
KEY WORDS: JESUS STRESSED THE IMPORTANCE OF FAITHFULNESS IN

MARRIAGES
JOHN 8:1-11
- The woman caught committing adultery.
- Then everyone went home but Jesus went to the mount olives
- Early the next morning he went back to the temple\
- All the people gathered around and sat down and he began to teach them
- The teachers of the law and the Pharisees brought a woman who had been
caught in the very act of committing adultery and they made her stand before
them all
- Teacher, they said to Jesus this woman was caught in the very act of
committing adultery
- In our law, Moses commanded us to stone such a woman to death, what do you
say?
- They said this to trap Jesus so that they could accuse him
- But he bent over and wrote on the ground with his finger
- As they stood there asking him questions he straightened himself up and said
to them
- Whichever one of you has not committed no sin be the first to throw a stone at
her.
- Then he bent over again and wrote on the ground.

- When they heard this, they left one by one, the older ones first,
- Jesus was left alone with the woman still standing there.
- He straightened himself up and said to her where they are?
- Is there no one left to condemn you?
- No one, sir, she answered
- Well, then, Jesus said I do not condemn you either
- Go but do not sin again.
APPLICATION
v USING IDEAS FROM THE PASSAGE ABOVE EXPLAIN WHY FAITHFULNESS IS

IMPORTANT IN MARRIAGE TODAY.
- It brings love if the couple is faithful to each other.
- Faithfulness is important because if there is cheating, it will bring quarrels.
- In this era of AIDS it is important to stick to one partner.
- God demands that there should be faithfulness in the marriage.
KEYWORDS: EXPLAINS THAT THE IDEAL MARRIAGE ACCORDING TO JESUS

IS THAT OF MONOGAMY, JESUS IS AGAINST DIVORCE.
MARK 10:1-12
- Then Jesus left that place, clouds come and he began to teach them.
- Some Pharisees came to him and tried to trap him,
- Tell us they said, does the law allow a man to divorce his wife.

- Jesus answered them with a question, what did the law of Moses give you?
- They answered, Moses gave permission for a man to write divorce letter and
send the woman away
- Jesus said to them, Moses wrote you this law because you are so hard to teach,
but at the time of creation, God crated them male and female and for this reason
a man will leave his father and mother and unite with his wife and the two will
become one.
- Man must not separate what God has joined together.
- When they went back to the house, the disciples asked Jesus about this matter/
- He said to them, a man who divorces his wife and marries another woman
commits adultery against his wife.
- In the same way a woman who divorces her husband and marries another man
commits adultery.
APPLICTION
v EXPLAIN THE NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF DIVORCE
- Children will suffer.
- One can contract HIV/AIDS.
- Creates quarrels and fighting.
- . Woman might start prostitution

v EXPLAIN THE NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF POLYGAMY
- No true love between wife and husband.
- Chances of unfaithfulness increase.
- Jealous and hatred id created among the wives
- Economically a father might fail to support and educate the children.
KEYWORDS: EXPLAINS THAT MARRIAGE IS THE COVENANT INVOLVING

BOTH PARTNER’S GENUINE LOVE AND UNDERSTANDING.
EPHESIANS 5: 21-23
- Submit yourself to one another because of your reverence for Christ.
- Wives submit to you husband as the lord to the church
- For as the husband has authority over his wife.
- Christ has authority over the church
- Wives must submit completely to their husband just as the church submits
itself to Christ.
- Husbands love your wife just as Christ loved the church.
- Men ought to love their wives just as they love their own bodies.
- A man who loves his wife loves himself.
- As the scripture says, for this reason a man leave his father and mother and
unite with wife and the two will become one.
- There is deep truth reveled in this.
- It also applies to you, every husband must love his wife as himself and every

wife respect her husband.
APPLICATION
v MENTION SOME WAYS A WOMAN MUST SACRIFICE HERSELF FOR HER

HUSBAND AND CHILDREN IF SHE IS TO BE A GOOD WIFE AND MOTHER
- Being able to submit to the husband and duties at home.
- Being in position to love the family with any condition.
- Having respect.
- Leaving the other family for the best of your family.
KEY WORDS: PAUL EMPHASIZES FOR MUTUAL RESPECT AND TOTAL SELF-
GIVING IN MARRIAGE.
1 CORINTHIANS 7:1-7
- Now to deal with the matter you wrote about.
- A man does well not to marry.
- But because there is so much immorality.
- Each man should have his own wife and very woman should have her own
husband.
- A man should fulfill his duties as a husband and a woman should fulfill her
duties as the wife.
- Each should satisfy the other need.
- A Wife is not the master of her body but the husband is.

- In the same way the husband is not the master of his body but his wife is.
- Do not deny yourselves to each other.
- Unless you first agree to do so for a while in order to spend your time in prayer,
but resume normal marital relations.
- In this way you will be kept from giving into Satan’s temptation because of your
lack of self-control.
- I tell you this not as order, but simply as a concession.
- But each person has a special gift from God.
- One person this gift, another one that gift.
APPLICATION
v EXPLAIN WHY MARRIED COUPLE SHOULD HAVE SATISFACTORY MARRIAGE

RELATIONS.
- To obey God’s command.
- To avoid one seeking marital relation outside the house. Hence sin
- To avoid misunderstanding as this can lead to divorce.
- Insecurity on the divorced woman and children.
- T0 avoid one seeking marital relationship that might lead to HIV/AIDS.
SUB-THEME: FAMILY LIFE
INTRODUCTION

WHAT IS A FAMILY
- The family is the basic unit of the community.
- All cultures see the family as the basic unit society where people are love and
respected.
IN THE VILLAGE
- Families were often large but since peoples grew a lot of food the practice of
hospitality was easy.
- The extended family was taken for granted.
- Visitors were welcome and they helped with any work that needs to be done.
IN TOWN
- In town where everything cost money, it is difficult to have a big family.

However, Kingship ties are still very important.
- Wages earners try to accommodate, feed and help pay school fees for younger
brothers and sisters. However, people in towns are often upset when too many
relatives come to their door.
TYPES OF FAMILY
A NUCLEAR FAMILY: Consist of husband, wife and their children. This is more of the
western culture.
THE EXTENDED FAMILY: IN an African situation the extended family is where

marriage serves already existing families by
contributing to the numerical strengths and continuity.

CHANGES IN FAMILY LIFE
EXPLAIN THE CHANGES IN FAMILY LIFE THAT HAVE ACCORDED IN ZAMBIA.
- Urban dwellers resent the size of the extended families.
- Tribal grouping can help or retard development.
- Urban marriage tends to be unstable.
- Husbands and wives often do not share many areas their lives together.
- New demands for higher quality of relationship within the family.
- The high levels of prostitution put family fidelity under strain.
TRIBAL GROUPINGS CAN HELP OR RETARD DEVELOPMENT
- Modern urban life draws great number of people together from very different
background of culture and interest.
- This lead to feeling of insecurity loneliness and fear.
- To cope with this, people of the same tribe whose families did know one another
in rural areas often united together to form clubs and friends.
- This helps to give a sense of identity continuity with the past.
- A negative effect of such grouping however can be that people tend to be

isolated and so a sense of tribalism grow.
- When this is combined with nepotism, job and opportunists are kept within
one’s own -family rather than distributed on merits.

CAUSES OF UNSTABLE MARRIAGE IN URBAN AREAS
- Personal incapability
- Disagreement on the use of money
- Violence infidelity and drunkenness.
- People often get married with much personal knowledge of the partner.
- Lack of adequate preparation for marriage.
- Husband and wife often live different social lives.
- Failure to consult one another on family obligations.
- Men usually do not carry their women for social life and leisure activities.
THE EFFECTS OF HIV AND AIDS ON FAMILY LIFE
- Stigma: an infected partner maybe isolated due to ignorance.\
- A likelihood of divorce when only when one partner is infected.
- A rise in the number of widows, orphans and street kids.
- Heightened poverty with the death of the bread winner.
- Productive of activities are abandoned in order to look after the sick.
- Teenagers are left to head the households.
- Children are left with grandparents or divide up among relatives.
DEMANDS OF HIGHER QUALITY RELATIOSHIP WITHIN THE FAMILY
- Family life in urban society faces many problems.
- The weakening of links with their rural roots and the insecurity of urban life put
loyalty

under strain.
- Couples are sometimes separated as one spouse goes off for higher studies or
posted to another town.
- The availability of temporary sexual partner might lead to marriage break up.
- The need for gender and other human rights by women in the home.
AREAS OF CONFICTS BEWTEEN PARENTS AND ADOLESCENT CHILDERN
PARENTS: WHAT ELDERS SAY?
- One who listens to his parents is wise.
- Old age means wisdom.
- The new generation has lost direction.
- Follow the destiny of your clan.
- Marrying someone from a different tribe pollutes the clan.\
- Sophisticated girls do not last marriage.
CHILDREN: WHAT YOUTHS SAY?
- Parents are backward in their thinking.
- Parents advise boring.
- Move with time.
- I will marry whoever I like no matter what

- Each one for himself or herself
- Urban girls are better than rural ones.
FAMILY LIFE IN AFRICAN TRADITION
- In African tradition society people value the extended family.
- The extended family consists of all the descendants of a common ancestor.
- An extended family will include many families all of whom accept

co-responsibility for one another.
- There are two types of extended family, patrilineal and Matrilineal.
PATRILINEAL
- In a patrilineal family status and property are inherited through the paternal
(father’s) line.
- Patrilineal sons are often seen as potential rivals of their fathers since they
inherit property and status from him.
- As a result patrilineal father tend to keep control by inspiring reverential fear in

their son
MATRILINEAL
- In the matrilineal family, status and property are inherited through the mother’s
line and so the uncle and mother’s brother take on an important role.
- The matrilineal father does not give status or property to his own children.
- So his relationship with his children can be less tense, leading to genuine
affection and companion.
NOTE

The wife in the patrilineal extended family is never fully integrated into her husband’s
lineage and the husband’s responsibility is to his extended family and their needs. On
the other hand, in a matrilineal extended family the husband is never fully integrated
into his wife’s lineage.
- These tensions tend to ease when children are born and then the relatives are
joined not just by marriage by the reality that they are now related as
grandparents, uncles, aunties to the children.
AUTHORITY IN THE FAMILY (HOME)
- In the past, the husband was regarded as the head of the family.
- This headship did allow for joint partnership in decision making.
- Equality in marriage was a matter of mutual respect for different roles rather
than a sharing of authority.
- The wife had much power in the all that concern traditional values to children.
- Children felt free with their grandparents than with their parents.
EDUCATION OF CHILDREN
- The children were educated by the community for membership of that

community
- Special emphasis was placed on behavior outside the home.
- The child was taught to obey and serve all the adults in the community
- A child was placed in the care of different relation.
- Grandparents and members of the older generation introduced young children

to their religion belief.

- They taught their children duties and skills belonging to their sex.
- Taught tribal myths and taboos.
- Children learnt by imitation.
THE ROLE OF PARENTS AND CHILDERN WITHIN A TYPICAL ZAMBIAN FAMILY
PARENTS
- Responsible for training.
- Loving and caring.
- Provide for their needs.\
- Disciplining the children.
CHILDERN
- Obey and respect them.
- Help the parents with every day jobs.
- Help them financially.
- Look after the parents in old age.
POLYGAMY IN AFRICAN TRADITION FAMILIES
- This is a union of one man with two or more wives.
- Traditionally, it has both advantages and disadvantages.
ADVANTAGES
- Ensures the bearing of many children so that status and property are passed
on.

- Ensures wealth and prestige in agricultural communities.
- It is seen as a kindest solution when the wife is infertile.
- Polygamy caters for surplus women in society.
- Men’s sexual needs are satisfied even when sexual intercourse is forbidden.
- It helps care for women unsupported in the community for example the widows.
DISADVANTAGES
- Too hard to maintain due to high cost of living.
- Jealous on the part of wives.
- Tension between co-wives as impartiality is impossible.
- Increase the spread of HIV and AIDS.
- Polygamy is one of the most causes of separation and divorce.
- Reduces the freedom of women.
HINDUS FAMILY LIFE
- Marriage is considered sacred and last for a life time.
- Faithfulness is important and is dominant factor in marriage.
- Some women won’t even look into the face of another man.
- Children are looked at as a gift from God to be loved and be cared for.
- Children feel it’s their duty and responsibility to look after their parents in their
old age.
- Parents have an obligation to bring up their children well.
- In the joint Hindu family parents, son and daughter live together.

- Daughters do go to live with their parents when they get married.
- Divorce is rare and is discouraged.
- Marriages are arranged by parents.
Muslim family life
- According to Muslim, it is Allah’s will that blood relation ae closer to one another
that are believer.
- Boys who are adopted retain the name of their own father
- Guardians may not exploit those they look after.
- It is light to eat at the same table with family relations including one’s children.
- Believer should pray that their children may be a source of joy to them.
- When the parent dies, the children receive a greater share if the inheritance
than grandparents.
DUTIES OF ACHILDREN IN ISLAM
- Fear Allah and honor the mother who bore you.
- Serve other gods but Allah.
- Show kindness to parents.
- Show no sign of impatience to old parents or rebuke them.
- Treat them with humility and tenderness.
- Say’ lord be merciful to them, they nursed me when I was an infant.
CHURCH HISTORY

IDEAS ON THE IMPORTANCE OF LIFE AMOUNG EARLY CHURCH CHRISTIANS roman
Empire A.D 150
- Christians were no encouraged to marry non- Christians since they would not
able to share their values with one another.
- In marriage between a pagan and a Christian, the Christian tried to win the
pattern for Christ through respect and good example.
- Where divorce and remarriage were common and easy Christians tried to live a
new standard of faithfulness between husband and wife.
- Where quarrelling within the families was common, Christians tried to be an

example of tenderness and gentleness.
- When slaves were just as valid as any other so must they be allowed to live as
husbands and wife till death?
- Where prostitution was common Christians tried to be an example of faithful

marriages.
CONTRIBUTION OF PROTESTANTISM TOWARDS THE UNDERSTANDING OF AN

IDEAL FAMILY IN THE HISTORY OF THE CHURCH (modern times)
- The Moravians Brethren’s stressed that the center of Christians living should be
the home rather than church.
- Each day, the father led the family in prayer and bible study.
- The Society of Friends or Quakers later continue that tradition.
- They did not have special communication services.
- Every family met for a meal, it was remembered that Christ was present.
- Instead of meals being mere occasions to satisfy hunger, the grace said before

and after meals being the family relationship with Christ and so with one
another.
HOW ZAMBIANS CHURCHES TRY TO FOSTER FAMILY LIVING THROUGH ITS

TEACHING
- The Zambian Churches Try To Foster Family Life By Teaching That.
- God has a plan for marriage and family.
- God created man and woman in his own image and likeness in order to fulfil
their deepest purpose.
- To love is the fundamental vocation of every human.
- The vacation can live in two ways, that of marriage or celibacy
- Celibacy is the free decision to renounce marriage to devote oneself fulltime for
the work of God’s kingdom.
- Sexuality (marriage) commits a man and woman to another till death.
- Forgiveness, faithful and selfishness are essential in a good family.
- The gifts of the spirit help two marriage people to live in love happiness.
- Polygamy, divorce, adultery, fornication, masturbation, homosexual,

irresponsible, parenthood is forbidden by most Christian churches.
BIBLE CONTENTS
OLD TESTAMENT
KEY WORD: EXPLAIN THE IMPORTANCE OF MONOGAMY

GENESIS 2:18-24
- Then the lord said, it is not good for the man to live alone.
- I will make a suitable companion to help her.
- So he took some soil from the ground and formed all the animals and all the
birds.
- Then he brought them to the man and he named them.
- But no one was suitable companion to help him.
- Then the lord made the man to fall into the deep sleep.
- And while he was sleeping, he took out one of the man’s rib and closed the
fresh.
- He formed a woman out of the rib and brought to him.
- Then h man said, at least here is one of my own kind.
- Born taken from my born and fresh from my fresh.
- Woman is her name because she was taken out of man.
- That is why a man lives his father and mother and units with his wife and they
become one.
- The man and the woman were both naked but were not embarrassed.
APPILICATION
v USING THE ABOVE PASSAGE, GIVE FOUR EXAMPLES WHY DIVORCE DO

HAPPEN IN FAMILY LIFE BECAUSE OF NOT FOLLOWING THIS TEACHING.
- A man and woman getting married without first being suitable.

- A man and woman do not treat each other as equals as they are both made in
God’s image.
- Sometimes two people stay with their in- law who interfere with their marriage.
- They do not share each keeps his/her own secrets about money and job.
KEY WORDS: DESCRIBE A PASSAGE WHICH DESCRIBES DECLINE AS AN

IMPORTANT ELEMENT IN A HEBREW FAMILY.
PROVERBS 22:15
- Children just naturally do silly.
- But good spanking will teach them how to behave.
PROVERBS 23:13-14
- Don’t hastate to discipline a child
- A good spanking will not kill him
- As a matter of fact it may serve life.
PROVERBS 29:15-17
- Corrections and discipline are good for children.
- If a child as his own way he will make his own mother ashamed of him.
- When evil men are in power, crime increases
- But the righteous will live to the down fall of such men.
- Discipline your son and you always be proud of him.
- He will never give you reason to be ashamed.
KEY WORDS: DISCUSS THE TEACHING ABOUT FAMILY LIFE FROM THE OLD

TESTAMENT
GENESIS 15:2
- Abraham said, sovereign lord,
- What will you reward to me, since I have no child?
PSALM 127:3
- Children are a gift from God they are areal blessing from God.
APPLICATION
v DESCRIBE FOUR WAYS THAT PARENTS/FAMILIES ARE USING TO MISTREAT

CHILDREN IN YOUR COMMUNITY. WHAT POSSIBLE ADVICE COULD YOU GIVE
TO SUCH?
- Step-children being denied food, being beaten, they should rather be accepted
and embraced with love accept as their own.
- Child-labor and not sending them to school, parents should be made to

appreciate the importance of education the young generation, explain to the
parents the benefits of school, and put the child on bursary.
- Orphans not being taken care of and become street kids-that family should seek
help from social welfare.
- Abortion of pregnancies for the sake of school-Re –entry policy should be

emphasized.
KEY WORD: EXPLAIN THE HEBREW UNDERSTANDING OF THE INABILITY TO

HAVE CHILDREN AS A CURSE.

1 SAMUEL 1:-18
- They was a man named Elkanah from a tribe of Ephraim,
- Who live in a town of Ramah in the hill country of Ephraim
- He was a son of Geroham and the grandson of Ehilu
- And belonged to the family of Tohu, a part of a clan of Zupa.
- Elkanah had to wives, Hannah and Peninnah
- Peninnah had two children but Hannah had none.
- Then every year Elkanah went from Ramah to worship and offer sacrifices to
the lord almighty at Shiloh
- Where hophni and Phinehas, the two sons if Eli were the priest of the lord
- Each time Elkanah offers sacrifices, he would give one share of meat to
Peninnah and one share to each of the children.
- And even though he love Hannah very much he would give her only one share
because the lord has kept her from having children.
- Peninnah, her rival would torment and humiliate her because the lord had kept
her childless.
- This went on year after year whenever they went to the house of the lord
- Peninnah would upset Hannah so much that she cry and refuse to eat anything.
- Her husband Elkanah would ask her, ”Hannah, why are you crying? Why won’t
you eat? Why are always sad? Don’t I mean more than ten sons?”
- One day after they had finished their meal in the house at Shiloh,
- Hannah got up. She was deeply distressed, and she cried bitterly has she

prayed to the lord.
- Meanwhile, Eli was sitting in his place by the door.
- Hannah made a solemn promise:” almighty lord, look at me, and your servant.
- See my trouble and remember me don’t forget me if you give me as you give me
a son.
- I promise that I will dedicate him to you for his all life and that he never have his
hair cut”.
- Hannah continued to pray to the lord for the long time, and Eli watched her lips.
- She was praying silently; her lips where moving, but she made no sound.
- So Eli thought that she was drunk.
- And said to her, “ stop making a drunken show for your self stop drinking and
sober up.”
- “No, am not drunk, Sir, “she answered.
- “I haven’t being drinking am desperate, and I have being praying, pulling out my
troubles to the lord.
- Don’t think am a worthless woman, I have being praying like this because am
miserable.
- “Go in peace, “Eli said, “and may the lord of Israel give you want you have asked
for.”
- “May you always think kindly of me,” she replied.
- Then she went away, ate some food, and was never sad.
APPILCTION

v USING IDEAS FROM THE PASSAGE ABOVE GIVE FOUR PRACTICAL
EXAMPLES OF THE DIFFICULTIES THAT CHILDLESS WOMAN MAY UNDERGO
IN HER MARRIAGE.
- Being laughed at by the husband and the relatives.
- Might be divorced.
- Accused of being a witch.
- Might use local medicine.
- The husband may become promiscuous.
- Might resort to consult witch doctors who may demand sex.
BIBLE CONTENTS
NEW TESTAMENT

KEY WORDS: A PASSAGE WHICH ILLUSTRATE JESUS BIRTH INTO HUMAN
FAMILY.
Luke 2:1-7
- At the time the emperor Augustus ordered the census to be taken throughout
the Romans Empire.
- When the first census took place Quirinius was the governor of Syria.
- Every one, then, went to register himself each to his own town.
- Joseph from the town of Nazareth in Galilee to the town of Bethlehem in Judah.
- The place of King David.
- Joseph went there because he was a descendant of David.
- He went to register with Mary, who was promised a marriage to him.
- She was pregnant.
- And while they were IN Bethlehem, the time comes for her to have her baby.
- She gave birth to her first son.
- Wrapped him in stripes of cloth laid him in a manger.
- There was no room for them to stay in the inn.
KEY WORDS: EXPLAINS JESUS ATTITUDES THAT THE FAMILY VALUABLE

ONLY IF BASED ON THE LOVE OF GOD.
LUKE 2:46-51
- On the third day they found in the temple,
- Sitting with the Jewish teachers, listening to him and asking questions.

- All who heard him were amazed at his intelligence answers.
- His parents were astonished when they so him, and his mother said to him,
- “My son, why have you done this to us
- Your father and I have been terribly worried trying to find you”
- He answered them, “why did you have to look for me?
- Did you know that I had to be in my father’s house?
- But they did not understand his answer.
- So Jesus went with them back to Nazareth where he was to them.
- His mother treasured all this things in her heart.
KEY WORDS: EXPLAINS THAT FAMILY LIFE SHOULD BE BASED ON

OBEDIENCE, MUTUAL LOVE AND RESPECT.
EPHESIANS 5:21-33
- Submit yourselves to one another because of reverence for Christ.
- Wives submit to your husband’s as to the lord.
- For a husband has authority over his wife.
- Christ as authority over church.
- Wives must submit completely to their husbands just as the church submits
itself to Christ.
- Husbands love your wives just as Christ loved the church.
- Men ought to love their wives just as they love their own bodies.
- A man who loves his wife loves himself.

- As the scripture says, for this reason a man will leave his father and mother and
unit with his wife and the two will become one.
- There is a deep truth reveled in this.
- It also applies to you; every husband must love his wife as himself and every
wife must respect her husband.
KEY WORD: EXPLAINS WHAT FAMILY LIFE SHOULD BE LIKE.
EPHESIANS 6:1-4
- Children it is your Christian duty to obey your parents.
- For this is the right thing to do.
- Respect your father and mother, is the first commands that as the promise
added to it.
- So that all may go well with you.
- And you may live a longer time in the land.
- Parents do not treat your children as to make them hungry.
- Instead bring them up with Christian discipline and instruction.
KEY WORDS: EXPLAINED THAT FAMILY LIFE SHOULD BE BASED ON

HUMILITY, UNDERSTANDING AND RESPECT.
1 PETER3:1-8
- In the way you wives you must submit yourself so that if any of them do not
believe GODS word, your conduct will win them over.
- It will not be necessary for you to say a word.
- They will see how pure and relevant your conduct is.

- You should not use aids to make yourself beautiful, such as hair or jewelers you
put on or dress you wear.
- Instead your beauty should consist of your inner self.
- The ageless beauty of a gentle and quiet spirit which is o f a greater in Gods
site.
- The devote woman of the past who placed their hope on God used to make
themselves beautiful by submitting to their husbands.
- Sara was like that.
- She obeyed Abraham and called her master.
- You are now daughter if you do good and are not afraid of anything
- In the some way you husbands must live with your wives with the proper
understanding that they are wicker than you treat them with respect, because
they also will receive, together with you, God’s gift with life.
- Do this so that nothing will interfere with your prayers.
MAJOR THEME: MAN’S RESPONSE THROUGH

FAITH AND LOVE
SUB THEME: MAN’S EVASION OF GOD
DIMENSION: PRESENT SITUATION

Many people run away from the real world because they find the reality in this world
too difficult to accept. They therefore, decide to have their own “ world ” a dream world
in which they pretend to be but they are not. In extreme cases, such people develop a
psychotic state of the mind. This is a mental state of mind where a person has lost
touch with reality. Such confusion leads people to deny the existence of God.
REASONS SOME PEOPLE GIVE FOR NOT BELIEVING IN GOD
- A good God cannot exist in the world where there is so much evil.
- Some believe they are on their way to the top; hence no one can stand in their
way.
- Because God allowed something bad to happen to them i.e. death of parents.
- Others believe they are successfully self-made persons.
- Because science has all the answers.
- God is for the children and aged.
- They are masters of their own destiny.
- Money is everything.
REASONS SOME PEOPLE GIVE FOR GIVING UP/STOPPING THEIR BELIEF IN GOD
- Because of the new cultures coming to Africa i.e. new technology, religious
ideas etc.
- Rivalry (competition for converts from different churches. Hence, creating

confusion).
- Rise of Nationalism (self-rule) and self-identity i.e. a Christian God became a

white God.

- The mode of living of some Christians i.e. practicing tribalism, prejudice or
exploitation and racialism.
- Coming of new technology i.e. able to solve problems without any reference to
God.
- Others joined the Church because of chance for education or God had no
meaning in their lives.
SUBSTITUTES FOR GOD: THOSE WHO STOP THEIR FAITH IN GOD. THE FOLLOWING
AS A REPLACEMENT
- Science
- Money
- Technology
- Sex
- Power
- Ambition
- Education
- Efficiency
- Ideology
EVASION OF GOD AMONG THE MUSLIMS/ISLAM
E.g.: Explain what evasion is among the Muslims
- Evasion of God in Islam is based on a person called hypocrite
- He is a person who pretends to be good but he is not

- He makes a mockery of God
- One pretends to be good because one wants to gain something
- Prophet Mohammed dislikes such a person
E.g.: Give four traits of a hypocrite in Islam
- When he speaks he tells lies
- When he is entrusted, he betrays the trust
- When he makes a promise, he proves treacherous
- When he quarrels, he uses obscene language
EVASION IN HINDUISM: HINDUS HAVE TWO WAYS OF VIEWING RELIGION (TRUTH)
. Truth as what God has revealed to man
- It can be stated in form of beliefs/doctrines
- It can be summarized in a creed, e.g. like Moslems
- Those who refuse to accept this truth are condemned as heretics (sinners)
- Faith such as Christianity and Islam focus on this way
B. Truth as man searches for God
- Hindus see people’s differing from each other
∙ Each person must find his/her own way to God
∙ There are many ways to God just as there are many people
∙ Each Hindu feels free to choose what he/she finds more suitable as means
of approaching God

APPEARANCES / ILLUSION
- Hindus believe that this world is not a real world
- It is like a curtain hanging around people preventing them from seeing what is
beyond
- This illusion is called Maya
- True vision is seeing everything from God’s view point
SEARCHING FOR TRUTH
MAN IS DIFFERENT FROM ANIMALS
- Because man is dedicated to search for the truth
- This search is not a matter of mere knowledge
- It implies having a good outlook
- Man must have right attitude
- Any one pre occupied with material things is cut off from the search for the
truth
AFRICAN TRADITIONAL SOCIETY
DESCRIBE THE FOLLOWING PRACTICES
A. MAGIC (Person is called magician)
- It is the pretended art of influencing the course of events by secret control of

nature
- It involves the use of simple tricks
B. TRADITIONAL HEALER (DOCTOR)

- Uses herbs for curing diseases
- He/she is a good psychologist, a judge of human behavior
- Aims at curing both the mind and the body at the same time
C. WITCH (Practice is called witchcraft)
- The man/woman who is said to possess mysterious evil power to harm others
secretly
- Witchcraft is destructive and anti-social
D. DIVINER (Practice is called divination)
- Give medicine to protect those attacked by witchcraft
- Can cause the evil to turn back on the sender
- He is able to tell a person responsible for disease (misfortune) and death
CHURCH HISTORY
There was division in the early Church because of following different teachings given
by two Philosophers
A. TERTULLIAN IN THE CITY OF CARTHAGE
- He taught that there was no connection between Christ and popular philosophy
- He believed that the Bible alone was sufficient
B. CLEMENT AND LATER ORIGEN IN THE CITY OF ALEXANDRIA
- Believed that philosophy was a bridge which could link men to Christ
- He also taught that God was already at work in none Christian philosophies and
traditional Christian religions

THE PHILOSOPHY OF GNOSTICISM
Was born in the city of Alexandria, It was a mixture of many other philosophies.
TEACHINGS OF GNOSTICISM
- Taught that salvation is acquired through knowledge
- All matter was evil, only spirit was good
- The world was also evil since it was made out of matter
- The body of man (matter) was evil
- The Jewish Yahweh (God) was evil as he had created the world
- Jesus himself was a pure spirit and so could not have had a material body
The teachings of Gnosticism however, disagree or contradict the teaching of the

Christian faith because of than following Christian teachings
- The world was created good by God
- Man was created in the image of God who is good
- Salvation comes through Jesus Christ who died on the cross and later rose
from the dead
- God is spirit but God entered into the history of man through Jesus Christ in
Jesus God became flesh.
DOCTRINE VERSUS LOVE: In many countries there are Churches and meeting halls
belonging to different groups of Christians because the Christian Church is divided. All
these different Churches claim to be following Christ. The division which is seen today
among Christian Churches came from the Reformation of the 16th century.
E.g.: Explain how the Churches have been sometimes more concerned with individual

Church doctrines than with Christ’s command to love and create Christian fellowship
(In short, reasons for reformation- changes in the 16th century).
- The division stems from the Reformation of the 16th century
- The Church needed reforming to become more faithful to the teaching of Jesus
Christ
- Martin Luther- a Germany monk protested against the authority of the pope on
the question of indulgences
- This was the beginning of Protestantism
- John Calvin set up the Presbyterian church in Geneva
- The church in England broke away to become Anglicanism
- There were quarrels between the Catholics and the Protestants, and between
Lutherans and Calvinist
- The Anglican church could not tolerate anyone outside it and many left England
for America to establish free churches
BIBLE CONTENTS
OLD TESTAMENT
KEY WORDS: A PROPHET REMINDS THE ISRAELITES THAT GOD IS

POWERFUL, THEY SHOULD STAY WITH HIM.
ISAIAH 40:21-27
- Do you not know? Where you not told long ago
- Have you not heard how the world began
- It was made by one who sits on His throne, above the earth and beyond sky

- The people below look as tiny as ants. He stretched out the sky like a curtain,
like a tent in which to live
- He brings down powerful rulers and reduces them to nothing
- They are like young plants, just set out and barely rooted
- When the Lord sends a wind, they dry up and blow away like a straw
- To who can be the Holy God be compared? Is there any one like Him?
- Look up the sky!! Who created the sky you see?
- The one who leads them out like an army. He knows how many there are and
calls each by name
- His power is so great-not one of them is ever missing
- Israel, why then do you complain that the Lord does not know your troubles or
care if you suffer injustice
APPLICATION
v EXPLAIN HOW THE WORDS FROM ISAIAH CAN HELP A CHRISTIAN KEEP
HIS/HER FAITH TODAY.
- God is always there for a Christian who is beset by problems
- Should keep on praising God’s name
- Should not complain because God know all his needs
- Continue helping the needy
- Might face more problems if abandon God etc.
KEY WORDS: PROPHET ADVISES THE ISRAELITES THAT FULFILLING RITUAL

ONLY IS AN EVASION TO GOD

ISAIAH 1:10-16
- Jerusalem. Your rulers and people are like those of Sodom and Gomorrah
- Listen to what the Lord is saying to you. Pay attention to what our God is
teaching you
- He says, do you think I want all these sacrifices you keep offering me?
- I have had more than enough of sheep you burn as sacrifices and the fat of your
animals
- I am tired of the blood of bulls and sheep and goats
- Who asked you to bring me all these when you came to worship me?
- Who asked you to do all this tramping in my temple?
- It is useless to bring your offering, I am disgusted with the smell of incenses

you burn
- I cannot stand your new moon festival and holidays, they are a burden that I am
tired of bearing
- When you lift your hand in prayer, I will not look at you no matter how much you
pray. I will not listen for your hands are covered with blood
- Wash your hands clean
- Stop all the evil that I see you doing
APPLICATION
v WITH REFERENCE TO THE PASSAGE ABOVE, EXPLAIN HOW A CHRISTIAN

TODAY CAN EVADE GOD BY NOT FOLLOWING THE ADVICE IN THE PASSAGE

- Christians are interested only in giving money to the church but not helping the
poor
- Failing to visit the sick in hospitals in preference to pray
- Neglecting the orphans
- Grabbing property from widows and orphans but preaching the word of God etc.
KEY WORDS: THE KING WHO HAD NO NEED OF GOD, WAS ARROGANT AND
THOUGHT HE WAS WISER THAN GOD
EZEKIEL 28:1-10
- The Lord spoke to me
- Mortal man he said, tell the ruler of Tyre what I the Sovereign Lord is saying to
him
- Puffed up with pride, you claim to be god. You say that like a god you sit on the
throne surrounded by seas.
- You may pretend to be good but no, you are not mortal, not divine
- You think you are wiser than Daniel that no secret can be kept from you
- Your wisdom and skill made you rich with treasures of gold and silver
- You made clever business deals and kept on making profit
- How proud are you of your wealth?
- Now then, this is what I, the Sovereign Lord is saying because you think you are
as wise as a god
- I will bring ruthless enemies to attack you
- They will destroy all the beautiful things you have acquired by your skill and

wisdom
- They will kill you and send you to a watery grave
- When they come to kill you, will you still claim that you are a god?
- When you face your murderers, you will be mortal and not divine
- You will die like a dog at the hand of godless foreigners
- I, the Sovereign Lord have given the command
APPLICATION
v EXPLAIN HOW OUR LEADERS CAN BEHAVE IN A SIMILAR MANNER LIKE THE
KING OF TYRE
- Putting themselves above others as more important
- Misusing riches without any consideration for the poor
- Not willing to be advised just because they are in high position
- Refusing to praise God because they have everything they need etc.
KEY WORDS: THE GODLESS MAN. A SELF-CENTERED PROUD MAN WHO

THINKS HE CAN DO WITHOUT GOD
PSALMS 53
- Fools say to themselves there is no God
- They are all corrupt and they have done terrible things
- There is no one who does what is right
- God looked down from heaven at the human race to see if there were any who
were wise, any who worshiped him

- But the ball turned away, they are all equally bad
- Not one of them does what is right, not a single one
- Don’t they know God asks? Are these evil doers ignorant
- They live by robbing many people and they never pray to me
- But they will be terrified as they have never been before
- For God will scatter the bones of the enemies of his people
- God has rejected them and so Israel will totally defeat them
- How I pray that victory will come to Israel from Zion
- How happy the people of Israel will be when God makes them prosperous again
APPLICTAION
v GIVE FOUR WAYS THROUGH WHICH PEOPLE DENY GOD BY THEIR ACTIONS
EVEN IF THOUGH THEY NEVER SAY SO.
- Getting rich at the expense of the poor
- Refusing to worship God on Sabbath
- Committing adultery, stealing etc.
- Unwillingness to help the needy i.e. Orphans, widows etc.

BIBLE CONTENT
NEW TESTAMENT
KEY WORDS: RELIGION-JESUS CONDEMNS THE PHARISEES FOR THE

OUTWARD (EXTERNAL) OBSERVANCE OF LAW. JESUS’S
DISCIPLES ACCUSED OF EATING WITH UNWASHED HANDS.
MARK 7:1-13
- Some Pharisees and the teachers of law who had come from Jerusalem
gathered around Jesus
- They noticed that some of his disciples were eating their food with hands that
were ritually unclean
- That is they had not washed them in the way the Pharisees said people should
- For the Pharisees as well as the rest of the Jews, follow the teaching they
received from their ancestors
- They do not eat unless they wash their hands in a proper way
- Nor do they eat anything that comes from the market unless they wash it first
- And they follow many other rules which they have received such as proper way
to wash cups, pots, copper bowls and beds.
- So the Pharisees and the teachers of law asked Jesus
- Why is it that your disciples do not follow the teaching handed down by our
ancestors instead they eat with ritually unclean hands
- Jesus answered them “ how right Isaiah was when he prophesied about you ”
you are hypocrites just as he wrote

- These people, says God honor me with their words but their heart is really far
away from me
- It is no use for them to worship me because they teach man made rules as
though they were God’s laws
- You put aside God’s command and obey the teachings of men
- And Jesus continued “you have a clever way of rejecting God’s laws in order to
uphold your own teaching
- For Moses commanded “ Respect your father and your mother and whoever
curses his father or his mother is to be put to death
- But you teach that if a person has something he could use to help his father or
mother but says this corban
- He is excused from helping his father or mother
- In this way the teaching you pass on to others cancels out the word of God
- And there are many other things like this that you do
APPLICATION
v WITH REFERENCE TO THE PASSAGE ABOVE, EXPLAIN HOW CHRISTIANS

TODAY CAN BEHAVE IN A SIMILAR A MANNER
- Pretending to teach God’s teaching of loving others but do not look after
orphans
- Attending church services every Sabbath but not helping the poor
- Preaching about forgiveness but do not forgive those who wrong them
- Preach to people on the need to look after money but they instead rob the poor

and church of money etc.
KEY WORDS: INDIFFERENTISM- SOME PEOPLE NEITHER LOVE GOD NOR

HATE HIM BUT REMAIN INDIFFERENT. STORY OF THE RICH
FOOL
LUKE 12:13-21
- A man in the crowd said to Jesus, “Teacher, tell my brother to divide with me the
property my father left us”
- Jesus answered him, “My friend, who gave me the right to judge or to divide the
property between you two”
- And he went on to say to them all. “Watch out and guard yourselves from every
kind of greed”
- Because a person’s true life is not made up of the things he owns, no matter
how rich he may be
- Then Jesus told them this parable. There was once a rich man who had land
which bore good crops
- He began to think to himself, I haven’t anywhere to keep my crops what can I

do?
- This is what I will do, he told himself

- I will tear down my barns and build bigger ones where I will store my corn and
all other goods
- Then I will say to myself. Lucky man! You have all the good things you need for
many years
- Take life easy, eat, drink and enjoy yourself!!
- But God said to him, you fool! This very night you will have to give up your life
- Then who will take all these things you have to kept for yourself
- And Jesus concludes, this is how it is with those who pile up riches for
themselves but are not rich in God’s sight.
KEY WORDS: INDIFFERENTISM- SOME PEOPLE NEITHER LOVE GOD NOR

HATE HIM BUT REMAIN INDIFFERENT. STORY OF THE RICH MAN
(DIVES) AND LAZARUS
MATHEWS 16:19-31
- There was once a rich man who dressed himself in most expensive clothes
every day and lived in great luxury everyday
- There was also a poor man called Lazarus, covered with sore who used to be
brought to the rich man’s door
- Hoping to eat the bits of food that fell from the rich man’s table. Even the dogs
would come and eat his sores

- The poor man died and he was carried by the angels to sit beside Abraham at
the feast in heaven
- The rich man died and was buried.
- And in Hades where he was in great pain, he looked out and saw Abraham far
away with Lazarus at his side.
- So he called out, “father Abraham! Take pity on me and send Lazarus to dip his
finger in some water and cool my tongue because I am in great pain in this fire!”
- But Abraham said, “remember, my son, that in your life time, you were given all
the good things while Lazarus got all the bad things
- But now he is enjoying himself while you are in pain
- Besides that, there is a deep pit lying between us, so that those who want to
cross cannot do so nor can anyone cross over to us from where you are
- The rich man said, “then I beg you father Abraham, send Lazarus to my father’s
house
- Where I have five brothers, let him go and warn them so that they at least, will
not come to this place of pain
- Abraham said, “ your brothers have Moses and prophets to warn them, your
brothers should listen to what they say
- The rich man answered, “ That is not enough father, Abraham, but if someone
were to rise from death and go to them, then they would turn from their sin.
- But Abraham said, “if they will not listen Moses and the prophets, they will not
be convinced even if someone were to rise from death
KEY WORDS: JESUS REFUSED TO HAVE SUBSTITUTES FOR GOD. THE

TEMPTATIONS OF JESUS
MATHEWS 4:4-11
- Then the spirit led Jesus into the desert to be tempted by the devil
- After spending forty days and nights without food, Jesus was hungry
- Then the devil came to Him and said, “If you are God’s son order these stones
into bread”
- But Jesus answered, “The scriptures says, man cannot live on bread alone but
needs every word that God speaks.
- Then the devil took Jesus to Jerusalem, the holy city, set him on the highest
point of the temple and said to Him
- If you are God’s son throw yourself down, for the scripture says God will give
orders to the angels about you
- They will hold you with their hands so that not even a feet will hurt on the stones
- Jesus answered, the scripture says, “Do not put the Lord your God to test”
- Then the devil took Jesus to a very high mountain and showed Him all the
kingdoms of the world in their greatness
- All this will give you’ the devil said, “If you knee down and worship me”
- Then Jesus answered, “ Go away Satan! The scripture says, “ Worship the Lord
your God and serve only Him”
- Then the devil left Jesus, and angels came and helped Him.

APPLICATION
v GIVE TWO TEMPTATIONS A ZAMBIAN CAN BE FACED WITH AND SHOW HOW
TO OVERCOME THEM AS A WAY OF NOT EVADING GOD
- Zambian who is an accountant in the bank can be tempted to steal money he

can request for a loan/remember that stealing is a sin/can be arrested
- Zambian who is a Pastor can be tempted to commit adultery with one of the
women members-should remember that it is a sin in the eyes of God/remember
that the church could fir him
- Zambian who is a teacher can be tempted to sell leakage to pupils during final
exams: should realize that he could be arrested if caught and lose his job.
KEY WORDS: JESUS INVITES PEOPLE TO HAVE COMPLETE TRUST IN GOD

WHO IS MORE THAN ANY OTHER
MATHEW 7:7-11
- Ask and you will receive, seek and you will find, knock and the door will be
opened for you
- For every who asks will receive
- And the door will be opened to him who knocks
- Would any of you who are fathers give your son a stone when he asks for bread
- Or would any of you give him a snake when he asks for a fish
- Bad as you are, you know how to give good things to your children

- How much more then, will your father in heaven give good things to those who
ask
SUB THEME: MAN SEARCH FOR GOD
DIMENSION: PRESENT SITUATION
THE SEARCH FOR GOD IN ZAMBIAN SOCIETY
Different ways in which people of the world search for God
- Through- prayer.
- Reading the scriptures or Bible.
- Contemplating on God’s creation (reflection on the world or nature)
- Good friendship with other people in the society.
PRAYER
- Praying is an experiment to meet the living God.
- All religion looks on prayer as the chief way to meet the living God.
- Such praying takes many forms but there are some elements which are
common.

THE FOUR COMMON ELEMENTS OF PRAYER
- Praying should be done each day.
- Praying should be done in a place which helps (suitable place).
- Studying the word of God,
- Reaching out to God
- There will be no physical manifestation of his presence.
- No voice from heaven.
- Probably no vision or dreams.
- Instead one will notice changes taking place in one’s self.
- That can only be explained by the silent action of God.
CHANGES THAT MIGHT TAKE PLACE WITHIN THE PERSON WHO PRAYS TO GOD
- Problem will become easier to solve.
- One will grow more concern to help others in need.
- One will grow more generous and courageous in doing God’s will.
- One will grow to see the importance of loving one’s enemy and living a simpler
life.
- One will notice within oneself a deeper peacefulness in the face of difficulties,
suffering and even death.
HINDU SEARCH FOR GOD

- Having a Puja room helps to keep the thought of God in their mind and to live in
his presence always.
- They choose the god or goddess to help them with their worship.
- Hindus believe the true God reveals himself through any image so they fell free
to choose whatever image suits them best for prayer.
- They keep an oil lamp burning before the image and decorate the place with
flowers.
- Men women and children pray there every morning and evening and before
starting on a journey.
- In the puja of the temple people bring offering for a god.
- After the food is offered in the puja it is shared with reverence as if it was
received from God.
- Such ritual worship or puja helps Hindu to keep the thought of God in their
minds and to live in his presence always.
- Hindus pray as individual. It is the individual worshiper who comes to offer

homage and dedicate himself to God.
MUSLIM SEARCH FOR GOD
Submission to God
- The word lslam is derived from the Arabic root “ SLM ” which means peace,
purity, submission and obedience.
- Islam means submission to the will of God and obedience to the law.
- Such submission to God is the fundamental attitude require of all Muslims.

- One passages says, Allah has prepared forgiveness and vast reward for men
and women,
- Who submit to Allah, are humble, and gives arms
- Believe, obey and fast.
- Guard their modesty. Persevere in righteousness and remember Allah.
- According to Islam, the importance of a person is based, not on health, beauty,

success in life, but submission to Allah.
- Whoever obey Allah and his messenger will enter will enter gardens underneath
which rivers flow and whoever turns back will be punished with a painful doom.
- ‘Turn to him, repentant and submit, before you come to doom, when you cannot
be helped
AFRICAN TRADITION
Attributes of God in African Tradition
In African tradition one can grasp the qualities attribute to God by the name given to
him.
- The following are the names of God and the meaning attributed to him:-
NAMES OF GOD IN ZAMBIAN LANGUGES
Chibemba Lesa
Chinyanja Cauta
Lunda Mzambi
Chitonga Leza

Kikaonde Lesa
Silozi Nyambe
Luvale Kalunga
THE MEANING ATTRIBUTED TO GOD
ATTRIBUTE MEANING
Nyavula The one who secretes rain
Haatwakwe Owner of all things
Kabumba One who moulds
Makeana The mother of children
Mphambe The one who has power and strength
Mubukezi The protector
Muamuhi The one who takes away
Samatanga The one who creates
Ipokubuzya The one who makes things rot and so

responsible for the changing of the seasons.
TRADITIONAL STORIES
While there is a deep sense of God as a creator in traditional life, there is also a belief
that God is far distant from human beings. This explained as the result of refusal of
human beings to live in peace and justice with one another.
LUNDA

- In the beginning Nzambi ordered all men to live in peace
- And harmony without another but they would not
- Therefore Nzambi send diseases and other trouble on them
- They so affected them that they called out to Nzambi for help
- Nzambi came back down to them…………………
- Each protested that it was others who were first responsible.
AN ILA PROPHET SEARCHES FOR GOD
Mopamani was an ila prophet who God drew his inspiration from traditional religion.
He was a leper. In 1913 he fell sick and almost died. When he recovered he told people
that he had revelation from God telling him to act as a prophet.
- Mupamani used two names for God.
- Shakapanga (creator)
- And Mulengachika (lord of pestilence)
- He denounced witchcraft and forbade the killing of cattle at funerals.
- He encouraged people to erect poles in the centre of the village and gather there
to address God using the formula.
- Now Mupamani was asking them to address their prayers directly to God and
not their ancestors.
RELIGIONUS RITUALS

- Religious rituals are a form of prayers that include words but also symbolic
action.
- They emerge from with the tradition and by participating in them
- They communicated value central to the self-understanding of the people.
- While they take many forms and be performed by individuals head of

households chosen representation of the community.
- The most important rituals are done as a community and they enhance the
community.
- All involves the exchange of gift or the offering of sacrifice but the community
ritual include the sharing of God as a symbol of shared harmony among the
people.
- Hospitality is also an important part of community ritual.
DESCRIBE THE KUOLOKA OR KUTOMOLA CEREMONY IN THE SEARCH OF GOD
KUOLOKA
- It means eating the first crops of the seasons
- Performed when millet was ready
- A ritual of gratitude for that type of food
- It was believed that if the ritual was not performed whoever ate the food would
die
- Prayers were said and sacrifice offered
KUTOMOLA
- Performed at the beginning of the harvesting season

- They believe that the spirit should test the food before anyone else
- Ask the spirit to be with them
- The Chief would open the ceremony and thank God for the rains
GIVE WAYS BY WHICH THE CHURCH TODAY BRINGS PEOPLE TO GOD.
- Direct evangelization
- Through witness of lives and the works of the people of God
- Church’s involvement in education, health, development and social work
- Church opposes injustice, helps the hungry, and upholds Christian values , and
campaigns for human rights
- One will notice a deeper peacefulness in face of difficulties, suffering and even
death
GIVE THE PASSAGE FROM THE BOOK OF ROMANS WHICH SHOWS THE GUILT OF
MANKIND
∙ Romans 1: 18-32. Please confer the passage in the notes
LIST FOUR CONSEQUENCES OF REJECTING OR IGNORING THE TRUTH ABOUT

GOD’S EXISTENCE AND POWER.
- One will not see the blessing of God
- One is destined for external punishment
- People wish you ill as your actions may not be accepted to the society
- One becomes arrogant if he becomes prosperous
DESCRIBE WHAT A RELIGIOUS RITUAL IS AND MENTION THREE CHARACTERISTICS

OF SUCH A RITUAL

- Religious ritual is a form of prayer that includes words and also symbolic
actions
- They emerge from within the tradition
- They communicate values central to the self-understanding of the people
- They enhance community harmony and hospitality
EXPLAIN WHAT PRAYER IS AND GIVE THREE COMMON ELEMENTS WHICH ARE
FOUND IN PRAYER
- Prayer is an experiment to meet with the living God
- Praying would be done each day
- Studying the word of God
- Reaching out to God
- There is something here greater than Solomon
GIVE THE CONTENT OF THE PASSAGE FROM THE LETTER OF ST. PAUL TO THE
ROMANS WHICH SHOWS THE GUILT OF MANKIND.
∙ Refer to the already given passage on the other page.
DISCUSS HOW THE CHRISTIAN FAITH WAS ACCEPTED BY THREE DIFFERENT

GROUPS IN THE HISTORY OF THE CHURCH.
Those attracted to sects
- Are normally people who like to be part of a community that is small and
welcoming
- That possesses clear and simple ideology and offer hope for life after death
- Guarantees its rituals, offer possibility of communicating with God like Quakers

The moral Reformers
- Consider truth to be a luxury while so many are denied justice and dignity.
- Wants to build a new world and in the very acting, the truth of existence and
religion will reveal itself. E.g. Wilberforce
The Philosophers
- Rejects any ideology or offer of security since their predominant desire is to

understand and never rest while unanswered question still remain
- The humble search for truth is itself own reward and the only lasting security.
E.g. Augustine
BIBLE CONTENTS
OLD TESTAMENT
KEY WORDS: SHOWS HOW GOD REVEALS HIMSELF THROUGH CREATION
PSALMS 19
- How clearly the sky reveals God’s glory
- How plainly it shows what he has done
- Each day announces it to the following day
- Each night repeats it to the next
- No speech or words are used, no sound is heard
- Yet their message goes to all the world
- And is heard to the ends of the sky
- God made a house in the sky from the sun

- It comes in the morning like a happy bridegroom
- Like an athlete eager to run the race
- It starts at one point and goes across the other
- Nothing can hide from his heart
- The law of the Lord is perfect it gives new strength
- The commands of the Law are trustworthy and gives wisdom to those who lack
it
- The judgment of the Lord are just/they are always fair
- They are more desirable than the finest gold
- They are sweeter than the purest honey
- They give knowledge to me your servant
- I am rewarded for obeying them
- No one can see his own errors
- Deliver me safe, also from willful sins don’t let them rule over me
- Then I shall be perfect and free from the evil of sin
- May my words and thoughts be acceptable
- O Lord, my refuge and redeemer.
KEY WORDS: STATES THAT GOD’S LOVE INCLUDE ALL AND HIS TEMPLE WAS
TO OPEN TO ALL
ISAIAH 56:6-8
- And the Lord says to those foreigners who become part of his people

- Who love him and save him
- Who observe the Sabbath and faithfully keep the covenant
- I will bring you to Zion, my sacred hill
- Give you joy in my house of prayer
- And accept the sacrifices you offer to my alter
- My temple will be called a house of prayers for the people of all nations
- The Sovereign Lord, who has brought his people of Israel home from exile
- Has promised that he will bring still other people to join them
KEY WORDS: EXPLAINS HOW THE EGYPTIANS CAME TO KNOW GOD’S

PROTECTION THROUGH SERVING EVENTS IN THEIR HISTORY
PSALMS 105:26-43
- Then he sent his servant Moses and Aaron whom he had chosen
- They did God’s might acts and performed miracles in Egypt
- God sent darkness on the country but the Egyptians did not obey his command
- He turned their rivers into blood and killed all their fish
- Their country was overrun with flogs, even the palace was filled with them
- God commanded, and flies gnats swarmed throughout the whole country
- He sent hail and lightening on their land instead of rains
- He destroyed their grapevines and fig trees and broke down all their trees
- He commanded and the locusts came, countless millions of them
- They ate all the plants on the land, they ate all the crops

- He killed the first born son of all the families of Egypt
- Then he led the Israelites out; they carried the silver and gold, and all of them
were health and strong
- The Egyptians were afraid of them and were glade when left
- God put a cloud over his people and fire at night to give light
- They asked, and he sent quails, he gave them food from heaven to satisfy them
- He opened a rock and water gushed out
- Flowing through the desert like a river
- He remembered his sacred promise to Abraham his servant
- So he led his chosen people out and they sang and shouted for joy.
BIBLE CONTENTS
NEW TESTAMENT
KEY WORDS: ILLUSTRATE HOW CHRIST IS THE ANSWER TO PEOPLE’S

SEARCH FOR GOD
HEBREWS 1:1-2
- In the pasts God spoke to our ancestors in many times and in many ways
through the prophets
- But in these last days he spoke to us through his son
- He is one through whom God created the universe, the one whom God has
chosen to posse all things at the end

- He reflects the brightness of God’s glory and is the exact likeness of God’s own
being
- Sustaining the universe with his powerful word
- After achieving forgiveness for human sins
- He sat down in heaven at the right hand side of God , the supreme power
KEY WORD: EXPLAIN HOW NON-JEWS WOULD BE MORE OPEN TO ACCEPT

JESUS’S MESSAGE OF SALVATION THAN THE JEWS WOULD BE
LUKE 11:29-32
- As people crowded Jesus, he went on to say
- How evil are the people of this day
- They ask for a miracle but none will be given to them except the miracles of
Jonah
- In the same way that prophet Jonah was a sign for the people of Nineveh
- So the son of man will be a sign for the people of this day
- On the judgment day the queen of Sheba will stand up and accuse the people to
day
- Because she travelled all the way from her country to listen to King Solomon’s
wise teaching
- And I tell you there is something here greater than Solomon
- On judgment day the people of Nineveh will stand up and accuse you

- Because they turned from their sins when they heard Jonah preach
- And I assure you that there is something here greater than Jonah
KEY WORDS: EXPLAIN PAUL’S TEACHING THAT PAGANS HAVE A CERTAIN

NATURAL ABILITY TO KNOW WHAT GOD WANTS
ROMANS 1: 18-32
- God’s anger is revealed from heaven against all the sin and evil of the people
whose evil ways prevent the truth from being known
- God punishes them, because what can be known about God is plain to them for
God himself made it plain
- Ever since God created the world, his invisible qualities, both his internal and
Devine nature have been clearly seen
- They are perceived in things that God has made
- So those people have no excuse at all
- They know God, but they do not give him the honor that belongs to him, nor do
they thank him
- Instead, their thoughts have become completely nonsense and their empty
minds are filled with darkness
- They say they are wise, but they are fools
- Instead of worshiping the immortal God, they worship images, made to look like
mortal human beings or birds or animals or reptiles
- And so, God has given those people over to do the filthy things their hearts
desires and they do shameful things with each other

- Men do shameful things with each other and as a result they bring upon
punishment they deserves for their wrong doing
- Because those people refuse to keep in mind the true knowledge about God, he
has given them over to corrupted minds, so that they do the things that they
should not do.
- They are filled with all kinds of wickedness, evil, greed and vice
- They are full of jealousy, murder, fighting, deceit and malice.
- They gossip and speak evil of one another.
- They are hateful to God, insolent, they disobey their parents
- They have no conscience, they do not keep their promises and they show no
kindness or pity for others
- They know that God’s law says that people who live in this way deserve death
- Yet not only do continue to do these very things, but they even approve of
others who do them
KEY WORDS: EXPLAINS THAT GOD IS REVEALED THROUGH WHAT HE HAS

CREATED
ACTS 17:16-34
- While Paul was waiting in Athens for Silas and Timothy, he was greatly upset
when he noticed how full of idols the city was
- So he held discussion in the synagogue with the Jews and with the Gentiles
who worshiped God
- And so in the public square every day with the people who happened to pass by

- Certain Epicurean and Stoic teachers also debated with him
- Some asked them, “What is this ignorant show-off trying to say?”
- Others answered, “He seem to be talking about foreign Gods”
- They said this because Paul was preaching about Jesus and the resurrection
- So they took Paul , because he was preaching about Jesus and the resurrection
- So they took and brought him before they city council, they Aeropause and said
- We would like to know what this new teaching is that you are talking about
- Some of the things we hear you say sound strange to us
- And we would like to know what they mean
- For all the citizens of Athens and the foreigners who lived there liked to spend
all their time telling and hearing latest new things
- Paul stood up in front of the city council and said, “I see that in every way you
Athenians are very religious”
- For as I walked through your city and looked at the places where you worshiped
, I found an alter on which is written “To an unknown God”
- That which you worship, then, even though you do not it, is what I now proclaim
to you
- God who made the world and everything in it, is the Lord of heaven and Earth
does not live in manmade temples
- Nor does he need anything that we can supply be work for him
- Since it is he who gives life and breath, and everything else to everyone
- From one man he created all races of mankind and made them live throughout

the whole earth
- He himself fixed beforehand the exact time and the limit of the places where
they would live
- He did this so that they would look at him, and perhaps find him as they felt for
him
- Yet God is actually not far from any of us, as someone has said
- In him we live, move and exist
- It is as some of your poets has said
- Since we are Gods children we should not suppose that this nature is anything
like an Image gold, or silver or stone, shaped by the arm and skill of man
- God has overlooked the times when people did not know him
- But now he commands all of them every were away from evil ways
- For he has fixed a day in which he will judge the whole with justice by means of
a man he has chosen
- He was given proof of this to everything by rising from death, they made fun of
him but others said.
- We want to hear you speak again.
- Some joined him and believed him
- Among whom was Dionysus,a member of the council.
- There was also a woman called Damaris, and some other people.
APPLICATION:
v SUGGEST WITH EXAMPLES, ANY FOUR OBSTACLES WHICH MIGHT HIDER

PEOPLES SEARCH FOR GOD IN ZAMBIA TODAY.
- Putting other things first instead of God e.g going for football when one as to go
and worship on a worship day.
- Doing evil things e.g prostitution
- Taking drugs e,g smoking dagga
- Involving in practices like Satanism Etc.
KEY WORDS: EXPLAINS HOW THE MYSTERY OF SALVATION IS NOW

REVIEWED THROUGH CHRIST TO MAN KIND.
EPHESIANS 3: 1-13
- For this reason I Paul the prison of Christ Jesus for the sake of you gentles pray
to God.
- Surely you have heard that God in his grace has given me this work to do for
own good.
- God reviewed his secret plan and made it known to me, I have written briefly
about this.
- And if you will read what I have written, you can learn about your understanding
of the secret of Christ.
- In the past human being were told this secret, but God as reviewed it now by the
spirit to his holy apostles and prophets.
- The secret is that by the means of the gospel the gentles has the part with Jews
in Gods blessings, they are members of somebody and share in promise that
God made through Jesus Christ.
- I was made the servant of the gospel by God special gifts, which he gave me

through the working of his power.
- I am less than the last of Gods people, yet God gave me the privilege of taking to
the gentles the good news about the infinity which is of Christ?
- And make all the people to see how God secret plan is to be put into effect. God,
who is the creator of all things, keep his secret hidden through all the past ages.
- In order at the present time by the means of the church, the angelic rulers and
the powers in the heavenly world might learn of his wisdom in all its different
forms.
- God did this according to his internal purpose, which he achieved through Jesus
Christ our lord.
- In union with Christ and through our faith in him we the boldness to go in to
Gods presence with all confidence.
- I beg u, then not to be discouraged because am suffering for you; it is all for
your benefits
THE END
BE BLESSED AS GOD SEE S YOU THROUGH
Thank you

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MAJOR THEME: LIVING IN A CHANGING

SUB THEME: WORKING IN A CHANGING SOCIETY

PROBLEMS ARISING FROM SALARIED EMPLOYMENT AND INDUSTRIALIZATION

1. BOREDOM – This is the act of doing the same type of job.

3. CORRUPTION – offering or accepting to receive money or other things

WORK IN RURAL AREAS WORK IN URBAN AREAS

∙ Work in rural areas is at the ∙ Work in urban areas is not at the

PROVINCIAL CRE COMMON NOTES-NORTHERN-2016Page 1

∙ In rural areas work is more ∙ In urban areas work is a challenge

WORK IN A HUMANIST SOCIETY

∙ Capitalism –an economic system in which is country’s businesses

∙ Imperialism- a system in which one country controls other countries

∙ Facism- political system or attitude which is in favour of strong

∙ Racism- the unfair treatment of people who belong to a different race.

∙ Colonialism- the practice by which a powerful country controls

PROVINCIAL CRE COMMON NOTES-NORTHERN-2016Page 2

- Work makes a better human being.

- It builds the character

- It enhances human dignity and personal worth through the principles of

These are enemies of success. They are enemies of Humanism too.

TRADITIONAL ATTITUDE ABOUT WORK FOUND IN ZAMBIA

- Everybody was a worker.

- A man decided when to work and when not to work.

- Most work was communal.

- Work was divided according to age, sex and rank.

- Work was related to basic needs of life.

- Generally women worked harder them men.

WORK IN MODERN SOCIETY

PROVINCIAL CRE COMMON NOTES-NORTHERN-2016Page 3

- Today work is done according to qualifications and experience as well as

- Work is not related to the basic needs of life.

- Work is not communal.

- Today men take work that is meaningless

- Not everybody is a worker.

- Generally men work harder than women.

- Today training is offered.

- Today there is exploitation of prices of commodities.

WORK AMONG HINDUS IN ZAMBIA

Hindus work as:-

PROVINCIAL CRE COMMON NOTES-NORTHERN-2016Page 4

THE TEACHING OF ISLAM ABOUT WORK

- A servant who is entrusted with too much work should be helped

- Pay the labourer his wages immediately he does the work.

- Act justly and kindly towards employees

- Pardon your servant seventy times everyday

- A double reward to a servant who worship Allah.

THE TEACHING OF KARL MAX ON WORK

- There were low wages

- Long working hours (up to 16 hrs per day)

- In human working conditions

- Max wanted to make conditions better for the ordinary worker.

Therefore, Max had a great vision of how man should be

- He pictured to himself a fully developed man

PROVINCIAL CRE COMMON NOTES-NORTHERN-2016Page 5

- A man who had developed his talents

A TRUE MARXIST –LENINIST IS SOMEBODY WHO…………..

- Believes that man can be redeemed from selfishness by abolishing private

- Believes that society and nature develop themselves following an interior

- Believes evil is caused by wrong and harmful circumstances around man.

A CHRISTIAN HUMANIST IS SOMEBODY WHO…………..

- Detects opposing classes in society.

PROVINCIAL CRE COMMON NOTES-NORTHERN-2016Page 6

- Is working to overcome discrimination and injustices in society.

- Demands for everybody the opportunity to develop all his abilities