W12 LOCAL ANES FARM ANIMAL

Saturday, 3 February, 2024 4:33 PM

-LA = BLOCK SODIUM CHANEL NERVE, PREVENT DEPOLARIZATION AND PROPAGATION ACTION
POTENTIAL WHICH PREVENT PROPAGATION PAIN STIUMULUS

REASONS pain management that involves using a

combination of different medications,
- effective preemptive and multimodal analgesia techniques, or interventions to target pain
- Reduce amount of inhalant or injectable drugs needed to maintain anaesthesia through multiple pathways
- decrease the stress response
- reduce potential development of central sensitization

Considerations
- Low cost
- Minimum equipment
- Less complications

LA DRUGS

ONSET Duration Dosage Target Notes

LIDOCAINE Fast Duration - - cattle - 10 mg/kg bwt block nerve conduction by - Add adrenaline to prolong analgesic
HYDROCHOLRIDE 1h - Smol ruminants more blocking sodium channels - systemic circulation
Antiarrhythmic effect sensitive - 6 mg/kg bwt
MEPIVACAINE LONGER than lidocaine Up to 2h Not as effective topical anaesthesia as lidocaine

Not for regional anes or

obstretctic procedures

metabolism is very slow in

fetus and newborn
BUPIVICAINE SLOW onset (20-30min) Very potent 4x as lidocaine Not for topical anes

But long duraton 3-10hours Not recommend iv regional ( cardio toxicity)

PROPARACAINE Use for eye anes Non irritant and x effect pupil Prolonged use - permanent corneal
size opacification with accompanying visual loss.
Rapid onset 1min - last for
15-30min

LOCAL ANAESTHESIA TOXICITY

COMMON METHODS OF PRODUCING LOCAL ANAESTHESIA

• Surface (topical) anaesthesia

• Intrasynovial anaesthesia
- Joint, bursa, tendon
- Lameness & general pain relief
- Use in sterile condition
• Infiltration anaesthesia
- Nerve endings blocked at actual site

- Linear infiltration
Indications standing laparotomy C-section, Rumenotomy, - multiple subcutaneous injections of 0.5 – 1 ml of 2% lidocaine
Cecotomy, correction of GI displacement, intestinal solution
obstruction and volvulus. - 1 – 2 cm apart along the incision line

FLANK INCISON - place lidocaine deeper in the muscle layers.

- Inverted “L” or “7” block

 all the nerves entering surgical field are desensitized
 lidocaine along the last rib (vertical
 horizontally ventral to transverse process

- Ring block
 Repair of teat laceration, teat fistula

 Teat cistern infusion: removal of teat polyps, teat spider

• Spinal anaesthesia
- of local anesthetic around the spinal cord
- Lidocaine, bupivacaine or morphine
- segmental nerves (sensory and motor) nerves which pass through the anaesthetic are paralyse

2 types
• Epidural or extradural anaesthesia

- CAUDAL EPIDURAL
- Between the coccygeal intervertebral spaces
- INDICATIONS : rectum, vagina, and tail SX
-

BLOCKS : anus, perineum, caudal vagina, caudal aspects - thighs

PlacemenT the dorsal aspect of the tail base at the 1st intercoccygeal space
- Palpate tail up and down for proper placement
Most proximal moving invertebratal space - site drug infiltration
18 G, 1.5 inch needle at 45-degree angle

The Hanging Drop Technique

- drop of lidocaine in the needle hub and should be sucked down into the needle when the epidural space is reached
- 1ml lidocaine/100kg
- Not more than 1ml/50kg in small ruminants
 - Larger dose - recumbent
- Onset - 10-20min
- Duration - 30-150min

CRANIAL EPIDURAL

• Injection further cranially, usually at lumbosacral

• NEED HIGHER DOSE
• Indications: pelvic and abdominal surgeries, castration, amputation of udder, and obstetric

• True spinal anaesthesia - local anaesthesia into subarachnoid space

• Intravenous regional local anaesthesia

- Restrain, sedate, and cast

- Apply tourniquet - ada padding underneath
- Inject IV into any large superficial vein
 Dorsal metatarsal/metacarpal vein
 Plantar/palmar MT/MC vein
• Cattle: 18 – 20 G
• Small ruminants: 20 – 25 G
• Wait 10-15min
• Don’t leave tourniquet in place more than 2h
• Slowly release tourniquet : anaesthethic wear 5-10min

• Regional anaesthesia