Professional Documents
Culture Documents
World Tariff Profiles22 e
World Tariff Profiles22 e
Tariff
Profiles
2022
SPECIAL TOPICS
1. Preferential
rules of origin in
international trade
2. Non-tariff measures
on “green” and “brown”
energy products
About this publication
World Tariff Profiles is a co-publication of the WTO,
ITC and UNCTAD on market access for goods.
This annual publication provides comprehensive
information on the tariffs and non-tariff measures
imposed by over 170 countries and customs
territories. Non-WTO members are included if
data on the tariffs they applied in 2021 or 2020
are available in the databases of the WTO, ITC
or UNCTAD.
I SUMMARY
TABLES
General note and abbreviations 2
Introduction3
I. S
ummary tables 4
Tariff 6
Description of column headings 6
Technical notes 7
All products 8
II COUNTRY/TERRITORY
Agricultural products 14
TARIFF PROFILES
Non-agricultural products 20
Trade 26
Description of column headings 26
Technical notes 27
Imports and exports profile 28
II. C
ountry/territory tariff profiles 34
Index of tariff profiles 36
Technical notes 37
III
Country/territory tariff profiles 42
NON-TARIFF MEASURES
III. Non-tariff measures 198
1. Introduction 201
2. Statistics on some selected non-tariff measures 202
2.1. Anti-dumping 202
2.2. Countervailing measures 214
2.3. Safeguards 222
IV. S
pecial topics
IV SPECIAL TOPICS
1. Preferential rules of origin in international trade 230
1.1. Introduction 230
1.2. New comprehensive database of rules of origin 230
1.3. Preferential origin criteria 231
1.4. Origin and certification provisions 233
1.5. Conclusions 234
Annex 235
2. Non-tariff measures on “green” and “brown” energy products 238
2.1. Introduction 238
2.2. Use of NTMs in “green” and “brown” energy products 239
V
V. Annexes 246
A. Data sources 248
B. Frequently asked questions 253
Acknowledgements 256
4
Tariff
Technical notes 7
All products 8
Agricultural products 14
Non-agricultural products 20
Trade
Technical notes 27
5
Tariff Description of column headings
Column
Description or method of calculation
headings
Year of MFN
Calendar year or start of fiscal year
applied tariff
Share of HS six-digit subheadings containing at least
one bound tariff line. Full binding coverage is indicated
Binding
by 100 without further decimals. If some tariff lines
coverage
are unbound but the result still rounds to 100 this is
reflected by maintaining one decimal, i.e. 100.0.
I SUMMARY
TABLES
Only duties and imports recorded all calculations are based on the
under HS Chapters 01–97 are taken complete standard nomenclature. All
into account. Each applied tariff simple averages are based on pre-
schedule is validated against the aggregated HS six-digit averages.
standard nomenclature at the HS Pre-aggregation means that duties at
six-digit subheading level of the HS the tariff line level are first averaged
version adopted by the country for the to HS six-digit subheadings.
reference year. National tariff lines that Subsequent calculations are based
do not follow this standard (i.e., the on these pre-aggregated averages.
first six digits should be based on the
To the extent possible, non-ad valorem
standard subheading nomenclature of
duties are converted into ad valorem
the HS version used by the country) are
equivalents. The methodology used for
discarded and not taken into account.
the conversion is in Technical Annex B
On the other hand, missing
of World Tariff Profiles 2006.
subheadings are added. Hence,
I SUMMARY
Summary Tables
TABLES
All products
Concessions Number of distinct duty
Duties > 3 * AVG Maximum duty Coefficient of variation Number of
not yet rates
implemented MFN
MFN MFN MFN
Bound in 2021 Bound MFN applied Bound Bound applied Country/Territory
applied applied applied
tariff lines
Share of HS 6 digit subhdgs in per cent
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
4.7 0 70 60 103 Afghanistan
11.0 10.0 0.0 20 15 9 6 101 132 9,545 Albania
0.1 60 5 54 16,395 Algeria
0 9.8 0 80 70 6 11 8 142 5,658 Angola
0.2 6.8 0 220 70 32 14 39 94 6,705 Antigua and Barbuda
0 0 0 35 35 17 20 23 78 10,793 Argentina
0 0.2 0 15 80 9 438 80 74 12,308 Armenia
5.7 0.1 0 55 22 105 10 118 100 6,484 Australia
0.8 223 86 126 10,352 Azerbaijan
0.3 0.4 0 200 200 4 8 40 192 7,520 Bahrain, Kingdom of
0 0 0 200 25 17 32 48 67 7,191 Bangladesh
0.5 8.8 0 247 216 29 53 30 173 7,059 Barbados
1.0 290 398 122 12,278 Belarus
0 10.7 0 110 110 5 35 32 124 6,752 Belize
0.8 0 0 100 35 14 5 94 61 6,128 Benin
0.8 100 14 86 5,666 Bhutan
0 6.5 0 40 40 2 9 1 80 7,655 Bolivia, Plurinational State of
2.3 876 211 166 10,246 Bosnia and Herzegovina
2.8 9.7 0 597 160 56 219 129 142 8,059 Botswana
0 0 0 55 35 32 15 29 73 10,301 Brazil
0.2 4.2 0 > 1000 135 27 25 140 883 11,205 Brunei Darussalam
0 0 0 100 35 12 5 105 61 6,128 Burkina Faso
0 0.7 0 100 100 11 21 63 95 5,685 Burundi
2.1 6.2 0 55 55 12 14 81 129 6,138 Cabo Verde
0.1 6.9 0 60 35 24 5 56 81 10,812 Cambodia
0 0 80 2 2 Cameroon
1.2 7.5 0 559 559 540 201 341 487 6,826 Canada
0 0 70 8 25 Central African Republic
0 0 80 2 1 Chad
0.1 0 0 98 6 7 3 10 7 8,560 Chile
2.4 2.3 0 65 65 59 90 76 84 8,640 China
2.4 0.8 0 227 98 51 14 61 164 7,781 Colombia
0 20 3 56 7,246 Comoros
0 0 30 3 26 Congo
1.1 > 1000 53 725 6,777 Cook Islands
0.1 1.2 0 233 150 19 13 36 163 10,792 Costa Rica
0.1 0 0 64 35 15 5 59 61 6,128 Côte d'Ivoire
0 0 0 62 10 28 8 79 33 6,053 Cuba
0 0 0 100 20 9 4 22 60 6,498 Democratic Republic of the Congo
0.6 0 450 14 49 Djibouti
0 8.9 0 150 165 4 24 41 153 6,769 Dominica
0 1.0 0 99 99 14 12 34 132 7,241 Dominican Republic
0.2 0.8 0 86 86 19 182 39 117 8,149 Ecuador
0.4 0 > 1000 42 412 Egypt
0.2 2.3 0 164 164 15 11 36 137 7,367 El Salvador
3.3 9.7 0 597 160 58 224 129 141 8,059 Eswatini
0 35 6 70 6,385 Ethiopia
4.6 4.3 0 360 160 1080 923 185 163 9,493 European Union
0.1 5.3 0 > 1000 > 1000 34 109 68 482 6,292 Fiji
0 0 60 8 71 Gabon
0 0 0 110 35 9 5 21 61 6,128 The Gambia
0.7 12.6 0 43 43 40 58 78 219 10,049 Georgia
0 0 0 99 35 6 5 21 61 6,128 Ghana
0.8 0 200 9 37 Grenada
0.6 0.6 0 257 40 27 8 47 113 7,270 Guatemala
0.1 0 0 75 35 15 5 77 61 6,128 Guinea
I SUMMARY
Summary Tables
TABLES
All products
Concessions Number of distinct duty
Duties > 3 * AVG Maximum duty Coefficient of variation Number of
not yet rates
implemented MFN
MFN MFN MFN
Bound in 2021 Bound MFN applied Bound Bound applied Country/Territory
applied applied applied
tariff lines
Share of HS 6 digit subhdgs in per cent
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
0 0 0 50 35 3 5 7 61 6,128 Guinea-Bissau
0 9.9 0 100 100 4 16 31 109 6,712 Guyana
0.0 13.5 0 70 50 949 15 58 132 5,643 Haiti
0.0 1.1 0 164 164 23 14 31 147 9,060 Honduras
0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 7,587 Hong Kong, China
5.5 5.0 0 574 470 434 316 249 442 8,913 Iceland
0.5 2.9 0 300 328 349 208 82 105 11,907 India
0.4 5.7 0 210 150 18 35 35 131 10,812 Indonesia
0.1 100 15 92 8,267 Iran
8.0 11.7 0.0 560 212 769 288 180 268 8,537 Israel
0 9.1 0 100 100 13 12 50 131 7,659 Jamaica
4.1 4.5 0 628 628 607 480 361 371 9,582 Japan
0.6 0.5 0 200 200 31 24 92 152 6,924 Jordan
0.8 0.9 0 290 290 1238 447 111 123 12,184 Kazakhstan
0 0.9 0 100 150 5 65 17 96 5,683 Kenya
0 0 1 0 5,800 Kiribati
2.1 2.7 0 887 887 231 129 335 417 12,476 Korea, Republic of
0 0.2 0 100 100 2 3 19 113 7,577 Kuwait, the State of
0.1 0.7 0 167 167 50 416 75 81 12,160 Kyrgyz Republic
0.7 4.1 0.4 90 40 18 12 59 80 10,812 Lao People's Democratic Republic
8.2 269 284 204 6,146 Lebanese Republic
0 9.6 0 200 103 3 213 61 140 8,059 Lesotho
0 0 0 50 35 12 5 38 61 6,128 Liberia
1.3 30 5 60 5,734 Libya
0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 6,640 Macao, China
0 0 0 30 20 12 5 21 60 6,408 Madagascar
0 0 0 125 25 11 7 56 82 7,187 Malawi
1.6 13.1 0 > 1000 > 1000 332 108 322 243 11,713 Malaysia
2.4 4.1 0 300 400 2 38 116 188 8,404 Maldives
0 0 0 75 35 12 5 89 61 6,128 Mali
1.8 0 0 75 35 13 7 88 62 6,172 Mauritania
0 4.2 0 122 100 5 6 62 450 6,523 Mauritius
0.9 2.1 0 254 75 114 62 50 125 7,801 Mexico
4.7 373 19 163 5,976 Micronesia, Federated States of
0.9 2.0 0 75 72 88 126 89 112 9,624 Moldova, Republic of
0.0 0.9 0 75 40 13 11 37 49 6,073 Mongolia
3.4 4.8 0.4 50 47 77 65 127 142 10,035 Montenegro
1.4 1.9 0 289 200 48 16 54 135 17,509 Morocco
0 0 0 100 20 3 5 15 72 5,549 Mozambique
0.5 5.7 0 550 40 27 10 108 102 11,166 Myanmar
3.3 9.6 0 597 223 58 220 129 143 8,059 Namibia
1.2 > 1000 71 353 5,571 Nauru
0.5 2.0 0 200 200 14 65 50 134 5,958 Nepal
7.9 4.8 0 179 45 322 10 119 137 7,927 New Zealand
0.1 0.8 0 200 164 8 13 27 128 7,836 Nicaragua
3.3 0 0 200 35 13 5 76 61 6,128 Niger
0 0 0 150 35 7 5 39 61 6,128 Nigeria
4.2 4.1 0 68 68 293 204 117 129 9,891 North Macedonia
6.6 4.9 0 > 1000 > 1000 970 663 321 460 7,176 Norway
1.4 1.1 0 200 200 15 10 139 213 7,577 Oman
0.0 2.4 0 200 200 19 60 37 102 7,366 Pakistan
1.0 > 1000 110 597 6,065 Palau
0.5 1.2 0 260 260 66 31 64 186 9,369 Panama
0.7 16.7 0 183 180 70 63 57 255 5,825 Papua New Guinea
0 0.1 0 35 35 7 24 23 84 10,421 Paraguay
0 9.9 0 68 11 3 3 20 164 7,789 Peru
I SUMMARY
Summary Tables
TABLES
All products
Concessions Number of distinct duty
Duties > 3 * AVG Maximum duty Coefficient of variation Number of
not yet rates
implemented MFN
MFN MFN MFN
Bound in 2021 Bound MFN applied Bound Bound applied Country/Territory
applied applied applied
tariff lines
Share of HS 6 digit subhdgs in per cent
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
I SUMMARY
TABLES
Summary Tables
Agricultural products
Concessions Number of distinct duty
Duties > 3 * AVG Maximum duty Coefficient of variation Number of
not yet rates
implemented MFN
MFN MFN MFN
Bound in 2021 Bound MFN applied Bound Bound applied Country/Territory
applied applied applied
tariff lines
Share of HS 6 digit subhdgs in per cent
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
0 0 70 57 57 Afghanistan
0 0 0 20 15 6 6 57 58 2,103 Albania
0 60 5 44 2,432 Algeria
0 0.3 0 60 70 4 9 18 98 791 Angola
0 0 0 220 45 10 10 17 82 1,158 Antigua and Barbuda
0 1.2 0 35 35 13 17 24 62 1,080 Argentina
0 0.7 0 15 80 5 97 14 65 2,709 Armenia
9.0 23.2 0 29 22 37 8 149 175 856 Australia
2.4 132 54 108 2,186 Azerbaijan
2.1 1.3 0 200 200 3 7 64 345 1,217 Bahrain, Kingdom of
0 0 0 200 25 9 10 27 53 1,133 Bangladesh
0 8.0 0 223 216 15 46 23 138 1,281 Barbados
2.3 290 100 125 2,679 Belarus
0 6.1 0 110 110 4 24 6 109 1,157 Belize
0 0 0 100 35 7 4 20 60 918 Benin
4.1 100 4 146 814 Bhutan
0 2.7 0 40 40 2 7 2 52 1,046 Bolivia, Plurinational State of
9.0 876 198 169 2,176 Bosnia and Herzegovina
2.3 7.1 0 597 113 51 137 136 133 1,185 Botswana
0 0.1 0 55 35 21 13 32 54 1,064 Brazil
1.1 1.1 0 > 1000 50 24 10 275 1,251 1,378 Brunei Darussalam
0 0 0 100 35 6 4 14 60 918 Burkina Faso
0 1.1 0 100 100 5 8 24 70 782 Burundi
0 4.4 0 55 55 11 10 60 112 860 Cabo Verde
0 0 0 60 35 13 4 45 86 1,369 Cambodia
0 0 80 1 0 Cameroon
5.9 6.3 0 559 559 459 189 293 303 1,266 Canada
0 0 30 1 0 Central African Republic
0 0 80 1 0 Chad
0.7 0 0 98 6 3 2 24 0 1,465 Chile
2.9 3.2 0 65 65 40 39 75 85 1,175 China
0 3.4 0 227 98 47 12 38 113 1,074 Colombia
0 20 3 71 959 Comoros
0 0 30 1 0 Congo
3.9 > 1000 39 359 1,351 Cook Islands
1.0 8.2 0 233 150 14 13 63 143 1,771 Costa Rica
0.9 0 0 64 35 8 4 37 59 918 Côte d'Ivoire
0 0 0 40 5 7 6 26 36 842 Cuba
0 0 0 100 20 4 4 13 58 929 Democratic Republic of the Congo
4.4 0 450 10 96 Djibouti
0 5.7 0 150 150 3 20 20 125 1,130 Dominica
0 2.8 0 99 99 12 12 26 105 1,116 Dominican Republic
0.9 2.2 0 86 86 16 29 45 86 1,098 Ecuador
2.1 0 > 1000 33 454 Egypt
1.6 6.9 0 164 164 13 9 51 124 1,078 El Salvador
2.3 7.1 0 597 104 52 139 131 133 1,185 Eswatini
0 35 6 54 837 Ethiopia
7.6 7.1 0 360 160 1009 860 137 130 2,101 European Union
0.9 2.6 0 > 1000 > 1000 34 47 116 417 841 Fiji
0 0 60 4 12 Gabon
0 0 0 110 35 6 4 18 60 918 The Gambia
0.3 1.0 0 43 43 35 58 44 87 2,201 Georgia
0 0 0 99 35 3 4 12 60 918 Ghana
0 0 200 8 30 Grenada
4.1 1.3 0 257 40 22 8 81 77 1,044 Guatemala
0 0 0 75 35 6 4 15 60 918 Guinea
I SUMMARY
TABLES
Summary Tables
Agricultural products
Concessions Number of distinct duty
Duties > 3 * AVG Maximum duty Coefficient of variation Number of
not yet rates
implemented MFN
MFN MFN MFN
Bound in 2021 Bound MFN applied Bound Bound applied Country/Territory
applied applied applied
tariff lines
Share of HS 6 digit subhdgs in per cent
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
0 0 0 50 35 2 4 3 60 918 Guinea-Bissau
0 3.2 0 100 100 2 12 5 93 1,127 Guyana
0.3 6.6 0 70 50 113 13 71 109 806 Haiti
0.2 3.5 0 164 164 15 14 38 130 1,476 Honduras
0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1,044 Hong Kong, China
10.0 10.8 0 574 470 422 316 134 195 2,041 Iceland
0 2.4 0 300 150 19 19 46 73 1,524 India
3.4 4.5 0 210 150 13 27 51 213 1,369 Indonesia
0 55 9 78 1,110 Iran
2.6 9.8 0 560 212 123 205 88 191 1,173 Israel
0 1.5 0 100 100 7 11 16 91 1,427 Jamaica
6.5 4.6 0 628 628 352 320 234 233 1,866 Japan
3.4 3.3 0 200 200 27 21 131 166 959 Jordan
3.1 3.7 0 290 290 721 142 116 118 2,585 Kazakhstan
0 0.7 0 100 100 1 17 0 71 782 Kenya
0 0 1 0 852 Kiribati
8.4 8.7 0 887 887 193 90 207 240 1,731 Korea, Republic of
0 1.3 0 100 100 1 3 0 232 1,263 Kuwait, the State of
0.5 1.1 0 167 167 37 133 77 79 2,561 Kyrgyz Republic
4.4 4.1 2.6 90 40 15 9 90 91 1,369 Lao People's Democratic Republic
11.1 269 36 165 852 Lebanese Republic
0 6.9 0 200 103 2 131 8 132 1,185 Lesotho
0 0 0 50 35 8 4 39 60 918 Liberia
4.2 30 5 91 812 Libya
0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 900 Macao, China
0 0 0 30 20 1 4 0 50 937 Madagascar
0 0 0 125 25 6 5 15 52 970 Malawi
8.0 5.9 0 > 1000 > 1000 320 100 294 455 1,442 Malaysia
5.4 8.9 0 300 300 2 33 138 258 1,183 Maldives
0 0 0 75 35 6 4 13 60 918 Mali
0 0 0 75 35 7 6 45 65 948 Mauritania
0 7.5 0 122 100 3 5 12 320 967 Mauritius
5.2 4.4 0 254 75 110 57 94 89 905 Mexico
7.6 373 16 283 879 Micronesia, Federated States of
2.0 0.5 0 75 72 83 119 71 69 2,163 Moldova, Republic of
0.3 4.1 0 75 40 11 10 27 83 927 Mongolia
4.4 7.1 2.1 50 47 51 45 88 86 2,315 Montenegro
8.2 5.8 0 289 200 41 15 95 122 2,142 Morocco
0 0 0 100 20 1 4 0 58 807 Mozambique
3.4 4.0 0 550 40 25 10 92 86 1,514 Myanmar
2.3 6.9 0 597 106 52 135 131 132 1,185 Namibia
3.5 > 1000 64 340 803 Nauru
0.9 3.0 0 200 200 12 46 53 166 904 Nepal
10.2 27.6 0 61 5 65 6 112 136 1,082 New Zealand
0.7 4.4 0 200 164 6 12 37 115 1,248 Nicaragua
0 0 0 200 35 7 4 76 60 918 Niger
0 0 0 150 35 1 4 0 60 918 Nigeria
9.8 9.9 0 68 68 272 181 88 95 2,210 North Macedonia
7.5 10.2 0 > 1000 > 1000 813 652 121 191 1,412 Norway
7.3 7.2 0 200 200 11 10 155 261 1,263 Oman
0 2.4 0 200 200 14 44 21 110 883 Pakistan
3.7 > 1000 28 554 878 Palau
1.5 3.8 0 260 260 34 24 79 179 1,484 Panama
0.3 11.1 0 183 180 62 59 52 165 901 Papua New Guinea
0 0.7 0 35 30 6 14 21 54 1,067 Paraguay
0 2.3 0 68 11 2 3 21 114 1,059 Peru
I SUMMARY
TABLES
Summary Tables
Agricultural products
Concessions Number of distinct duty
Duties > 3 * AVG Maximum duty Coefficient of variation Number of
not yet rates
implemented MFN
MFN MFN MFN
Bound in 2021 Bound MFN applied Bound Bound applied Country/Territory
applied applied applied
tariff lines
Share of HS 6 digit subhdgs in per cent
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
I SUMMARY
TABLES
Summary Tables
Non-agricultural products
Concessions Number of distinct duty
Duties > 3 * AVG Maximum duty Coefficient of variation Number of
not yet rates
implemented MFN
MFN MFN MFN
Bound in 2021 Bound MFN applied Bound Bound applied Country/Territory
applied applied applied
tariff lines
Share of HS 6 digit subhdgs in per cent
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
0.3 0 50 12 89 Afghanistan
10.0 20.0 0.1 20 15 8 6 111 171 7,442 Albania
0.0 60 5 55 13,963 Algeria
0 15.0 0 80 50 4 9 3 150 4,867 Angola
0.2 3.4 0 206 70 26 13 26 89 5,547 Antigua and Barbuda
0 0 0 35 35 10 17 23 79 9,713 Argentina
0 0.1 0 15 20 8 360 90 72 9,599 Armenia
6.4 0 0 55 5 88 5 111 92 5,628 Australia
0.3 223 35 114 8,166 Azerbaijan
0 0.3 0 100 20 3 4 26 38 6,303 Bahrain, Kingdom of
0.1 0 0 200 25 15 27 80 69 6,058 Bangladesh
0.6 5.2 0 247 145 18 16 26 134 5,778 Barbados
0.2 75 318 73 9,599 Belarus
0 7.1 0 110 65 5 22 16 105 5,595 Belize
1.3 0.4 0 60 35 12 5 93 60 5,210 Benin
0.2 100 14 47 4,852 Bhutan
0 7.1 0 40 40 2 9 1 85 6,609 Bolivia, Plurinational State of
0.0 52 17 84 8,070 Bosnia and Herzegovina
0.6 9.4 0 50 160 14 98 69 143 6,874 Botswana
0 0 0 35 35 19 14 27 75 9,237 Brazil
0 4.7 0 50 135 6 16 30 814 9,827 Brunei Darussalam
1.4 0.4 0 100 35 11 5 147 60 5,210 Burkina Faso
1.3 0.4 0 100 50 10 18 114 97 4,903 Burundi
1.8 15.4 0 55 50 12 11 84 132 5,278 Cabo Verde
0 5.4 0 43 35 20 5 56 80 9,443 Cambodia
0 0 80 2 23 Cameroon
6.7 15.7 0 20 25 126 36 100 200 5,560 Canada
0 0 70 8 25 Central African Republic
0 0 80 2 3 Chad
0 0 0 25 6 5 2 2 7 7,095 Chile
1.4 0.9 0 50 50 55 77 69 67 7,465 China
0.1 20.6 0 104 35 7 7 27 146 6,707 Colombia
0 20 3 53 6,287 Comoros
0 0 30 3 67 Congo
0.6 > 1000 17 1,006 5,426 Cook Islands
0 19.6 0 100 45 16 5 30 123 9,021 Costa Rica
0 0.4 0 25 35 12 5 68 60 5,210 Côte d'Ivoire
0.8 0 0 62 10 27 8 83 33 5,211 Cuba
0 0 0 100 20 8 4 23 60 5,569 Democratic Republic of the Congo
0.0 0 230 9 21 Djibouti
0 5.7 0 100 165 3 15 3 138 5,639 Dominica
0 25.4 0 40 20 8 5 35 131 6,125 Dominican Republic
0 0.2 0 40 40 11 160 36 122 7,051 Ecuador
0.1 0 160 19 71 Egypt
0 0.7 0 80 40 9 9 31 122 6,289 El Salvador
0.6 9.4 0 50 160 15 101 69 142 6,874 Eswatini
0 35 6 72 5,548 Ethiopia
2.9 2.8 0 26 26 119 112 107 102 7,392 European Union
0 3.9 0 40 335 1 66 0 164 5,451 Fiji
0.9 0 60 6 55 Gabon
0 0.4 0 110 35 6 5 42 60 5,210 The Gambia
0.3 6.6 0 20 12 15 3 80 390 7,848 Georgia
0 0.4 0 99 35 6 5 46 60 5,210 Ghana
0 0 100 3 3 Grenada
0 19.4 0 75 20 13 5 31 119 6,226 Guatemala
0.3 0.4 0 40 35 14 5 71 60 5,210 Guinea
I SUMMARY
TABLES
Summary Tables
Non-agricultural products
Concessions Number of distinct duty
Duties > 3 * AVG Maximum duty Coefficient of variation Number of
not yet rates
implemented MFN
MFN MFN MFN
Bound in 2021 Bound MFN applied Bound Bound applied Country/Territory
applied applied applied
tariff lines
Share of HS 6 digit subhdgs in per cent
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
I SUMMARY
TABLES
Summary Tables
Non-agricultural products
Concessions Number of distinct duty
Duties > 3 * AVG Maximum duty Coefficient of variation Number of
not yet rates
implemented MFN
MFN MFN MFN
Bound in 2021 Bound MFN applied Bound Bound applied Country/Territory
applied applied applied
tariff lines
Share of HS 6 digit subhdgs in per cent
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
I SUMMARY
TABLES
The indicators related to the imports based on the standard subheading
profile are calculated from the reported nomenclature of the HS version
imports data of the country. However, used by the country) are discarded
the exports profile are based on and not taken into account. On the
mirror data or the imports reported other hand, missing subheadings
by the partner from the country. are added. Hence, all calculations
Thus, only data of reporting partners are based on the complete standard
are included in the calculation of nomenclature. All simple averages are
indicators for the exports profile. based on pre-aggregated HS six-digit
averages. Pre-aggregation means that
Only duties and imports recorded
duties at the tariff line level are first
under HS Chapters 01-97 are taken
averaged to HS six-digit subheadings.
into account. Each applied tariff
Subsequent calculations are based
schedule is validated against the
on these pre-aggregated averages.
standard nomenclature at the HS
six-digit subheading level of the HS To the extent possible, non-ad valorem
version adopted by the country for duties are converted into ad valorem
the reference year. National tariff equivalents. The methodology used
lines that do not follow this standard for the conversion is in Technical
(i.e., the first six digits should be Annex B of World Tariff Profiles 2006.
I SUMMARY
TABLES
Summary Trade Statistics
Exports Profile
Diversification Index Diversification Index Applied Weighted Tariff Faced in
Number of HS Chapters Number of HS 6-digits Major Markets
Hong Kong, China 2020 571.0 22.1 548.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Iceland 2020 5.8 0.7 5.1 2.3 20.2 0.0 94.4 51.8 99.9
India 2020 392.8 22.8 370.1 12.6 63.3 9.4 5.8 0.2 6.2
Indonesia 2020 141.3 19.3 122.0 5.6 5.9 5.5 36.4 36.0 36.4
Iran
Israel 2020 62.7 6.6 56.2 3.7 14.1 2.5 70.4 61.2 71.4
Jamaica 2020 4.7 0.9 3.7 10.0 16.7 8.3 44.1 25.4 48.8
Japan 2020 626.0 58.3 567.7 2.4 13.9 1.2 76.7 34.8 81.0
Jordan 2020 16.4 4.0 12.4 9.3 11.9 8.5 55.2 60.5 53.5
Kazakhstan 2020 37.4 3.9 33.4 5.1 14.4 4.1 38.9 10.6 42.2
Kenya 2020 15.3 2.6 12.7 11.4 27.7 8.0 47.1 32.8 50.0
Kiribati 2020 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Korea, Republic of 2020 467.6 28.5 439.1 8.9 88.0 3.7 39.4 3.6 41.7
Kuwait, the State of 2020 28.1 5.5 22.6 4.7 7.9 3.9 25.6 40.1 22.0
Kyrgyz Republic 2020 3.7 0.6 3.1 6.5 10.6 5.7 14.4 2.5 16.7
Lao People's Democratic Republic 2020 5.0 1.0 4.1 9.2 14.0 8.0 2.8 3.3 2.6
Lebanese Republic 2020 11.3 2.2 9.1 4.3 6.4 3.8 37.4 53.2 33.5
Lesotho 2020 1.5 0.4 1.1 11.9 14.8 10.9 33.1 30.7 33.9
Liberia
Libya
Macao, China 2020 11.2 1.5 9.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Madagascar 2020 3.1 0.6 2.5 9.6 7.5 10.1 18.8 35.4 14.6
Malawi 2020 2.7 0.4 2.3 9.7 16.9 8.5 43.1 15.6 47.7
Malaysia 2020 189.3 16.6 172.7 3.5 6.9 3.2 81.0 70.2 82.0
Maldives 2020 1.8 0.4 1.5 13.2 28.3 9.2 50.6 84.6 41.5
Mali
Mauritania 2020 2.9 0.9 2.0 9.0 6.3 10.2 18.2 49.7 4.8
Mauritius 2020 4.2 0.9 3.4 1.1 2.7 0.7 94.7 91.1 95.6
Mexico 2020 339.0 23.4 315.6 4.1 15.5 3.3 70.6 40.2 72.8
Micronesia, Federated States of
Moldova, Republic of 2020 5.4 0.8 4.6 4.7 12.4 3.4 47.8 6.8 54.8
Mongolia 2020 5.3 0.7 4.6 5.4 8.6 5.0 1.7 0.0 1.9
Montenegro 2020 2.4 0.5 1.9 5.4 15.8 2.7 36.3 7.9 44.5
Morocco 2020 44.4 6.6 37.7 12.8 16.7 12.1 0.0 0.0 1.4
Mozambique 2020 6.4 1.2 5.2 7.1 8.7 6.8 11.8 4.4 13.5
Myanmar 2020 18.0 2.4 15.5 5.3 8.0 4.8 5.8 1.9 6.4
Namibia 2020 6.5 0.8 5.7 6.6 18.7 5.0 61.3 18.5 67.2
Nauru
Nepal 2020 9.8 2.2 7.5 13.6 13.8 13.5 6.8 0.3 8.7
New Zealand 2020 36.4 4.9 31.5 2.3 2.2 2.4 60.3 48.8 62.1
Nicaragua 2020 4.8 1.0 3.8 6.8 14.0 5.0 48.5 21.2 55.3
Niger 2020 3.0 0.9 2.1 11.0 14.9 9.4 0.0 0.0 14.4
Nigeria 2020 53.0 6.9 46.1 8.5 9.1 8.4 0.0 0.0 9.4
North Macedonia 2020 8.7 0.9 7.8 6.1 19.7 4.5 46.8 14.6 50.5
Norway 2020 80.7 8.1 72.6 2.7 23.7 0.4 91.4 46.6 96.3
Oman
Pakistan 2020 45.3 8.4 37.0 9.6 7.2 10.1 21.5 16.2 22.6
Palau
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay 2020 9.9 1.0 8.9 6.4 12.3 5.8 36.8 18.5 38.8
Peru 2020 36.0 5.1 30.9 1.9 1.3 2.0 72.5 80.0 71.3
Philippines 2020 95.2 13.2 82.0 5.3 12.0 4.2 45.6 18.4 50.0
Qatar 2020 24.2 3.0 21.2 4.2 5.0 4.0 22.4 46.1 19.0
Russian Federation 2020 222.1 27.6 194.5 5.3 9.5 4.7 30.9 17.8 32.8
Rwanda 2020 3.5 0.6 3.0 17.5 36.9 13.8 37.9 2.8 44.5
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Lucia 2019 0.6 0.2 0.5 14.2 20.9 11.9 24.9 28.0 23.9
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 2019 0.3 0.1 0.2 13.7 19.6 11.4 11.8 25.3 6.5
Samoa 2020 0.3 0.1 0.2 8.6 11.4 7.5 31.3 26.9 33.0
I SUMMARY
TABLES
Summary Trade Statistics
Exports Profile
Diversification Index Diversification Index Applied Weighted Tariff Faced in
Number of HS Chapters Number of HS 6-digits Major Markets
Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of 2020 125.6 20.4 105.2 5.4 9.5 4.6 25.3 41.5 22.2
Senegal 2020 7.8 1.8 6.0 9.8 13.6 8.6 0.0 0.0 16.2
Serbia 2020 22.9 2.2 20.6 7.0 19.3 5.7 1.3 0.1 1.4
Seychelles 2020 1.1 0.2 0.9 4.7 8.7 3.9 82.3 76.3 83.6
Sierra Leone
Singapore 2020 325.8 13.1 312.7 0.0 0.7 0.0 99.9 98.7 100.0
Solomon Islands
South Africa 2020 63.2 5.9 57.3 6.3 12.4 5.6 64.3 33.0 67.6
Sri Lanka 2020 15.6 2.3 13.3 6.4 21.1 3.8 68.3 28.5 75.2
Sudan
Suriname 2019 1.2 0.2 1.0 12.2 22.2 10.4 2.7 6.6 2.0
Switzerland 2020 291.8 13.4 278.3 1.7 22.1 0.7 59.0 19.4 61.0
Syrian Arab Republic
Chinese Taipei 2020 270.7 12.3 258.4 2.1 10.4 1.7 73.6 34.1 75.5
Tajikistan 2020 3.1 0.8 2.3 6.4 8.0 5.9 5.4 0.1 7.3
Tanzania 2020 8.5 0.7 7.8 9.7 33.1 7.5 47.2 7.0 51.0
Thailand 2020 206.1 13.5 192.5 7.1 37.5 5.0 52.5 13.1 55.3
Timor-Leste
Togo 2020 2.1 0.3 1.8 11.4 17.4 10.4 0.0 0.0 10.5
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Türkiye 2020 189.3 14.8 174.5 4.6 21.2 3.2 38.0 33.1 38.4
Uganda 2020 8.2 1.0 7.3 14.8 27.4 13.1 35.2 3.7 39.3
Ukraine 2020 54.1 5.8 48.4 3.5 6.2 3.2 53.4 34.6 55.7
United Arab Emirates 2020 213.8 16.6 197.2 3.5 10.9 2.9 42.1 33.2 42.8
United Kingdom 2020 623.0 63.6 559.4 4.1 14.5 3.0 48.2 14.7 52.0
United States of America 2020 2,232.8 143.2 2,089.7 2.3 4.5 2.1 57.2 35.4 58.7
Uruguay 2020 7.6 1.2 6.3 9.6 11.8 9.2 28.3 10.1 31.9
Uzbekistan 2020 20.0 2.3 17.7 4.5 7.5 4.2 55.9 52.3 56.4
Vanuatu
Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
Viet Nam 2020 259.2 21.5 237.7 5.3 11.9 4.7 58.9 30.8 61.4
Yemen
Zambia 2020 5.3 0.4 4.9 9.9 15.4 9.5 44.2 23.9 45.8
Zimbabwe 2020 5.0 1.0 4.0 13.0 9.4 13.8 25.7 41.7 21.7
I SUMMARY
TABLES
Summary Trade Statistics
Exports Profile
Diversification Index Diversification Index Applied Weighted Tariff Faced in
Number of HS Chapters Number of HS 6-digits Major Markets
34
Index of tariff profiles 36
Technical notes 37
35
Index of tariff profiles
Afghanistan42 Ghana94 Norway146
Albania43 Grenada95 Oman147
Algeria44 Guatemala96 Pakistan148
Angola45 Guinea97 Palau149
Antigua and Barbuda 46 Guinea-Bissau98 Panama150
Argentina47 Guyana99 Papua New Guinea 151
Armenia48 Haiti100 Paraguay152
Australia 49 Honduras101 Peru153
Azerbaijan50 Hong Kong, China 102 Philippines154
Bahrain, Kingdom of 51 Iceland103 Qatar155
Bangladesh52 India104 Russian Federation 156
Barbados53 Indonesia105 Rwanda157
Belarus54 Iran106 Saint Kitts and Nevis 158
Belize55 Israel107 Saint Lucia 159
Benin56 Jamaica108 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 160
Bhutan57 Japan109 Samoa161
Bolivia, Plurinational State of 58 Jordan110 Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of 162
Bosnia and Herzegovina 59 Kazakhstan111 Senegal163
Botswana60 Kenya112 Serbia164
Brazil61 Kiribati113 Seychelles165
Brunei Darussalam 62 Korea, Republic of 114 Sierra Leone 166
Burkina Faso 63 Kuwait, the State of 115 Singapore167
Burundi64 Kyrgyz Republic 116 Solomon Islands 168
Cabo Verde 65 Lao People’s Democratic Republic 117 South Africa 169
Cambodia66 Lebanese Republic 118 Sri Lanka 170
Cameroon67 Lesotho119 Sudan171
Canada68 Liberia120 Suriname172
Central African Republic 69 Libya121 Switzerland2173
Chad70 Macao, China 122 Syrian Arab Republic 174
Chile71 Madagascar123 Chinese Taipei 175
China72 Malawi124 Tajikistan176
Colombia73 Malaysia125 Tanzania177
Comoros74 Maldives126 Thailand178
Congo75 Mali127 Timor-Leste179
Cook Islands 76 Mauritania128 Togo180
Costa Rica 77 Mauritius129 Tonga181
Côte d’Ivoire 78 Mexico130 Trinidad and Tobago 182
Cuba79 Micronesia, Federated States of 131 Tunisia183
Democratic Republic of the Congo 80 Moldova, Republic of 132 Türkiye184
Djibouti81 Mongolia133 Uganda185
Dominica82 Montenegro134 Ukraine186
Dominican Republic 83 Morocco135 United Arab Emirates 187
Ecuador84 Mozambique136 United Kingdom3188
Egypt85 Myanmar137 United States of America 189
El Salvador 86 Namibia138 Uruguay190
Eswatini87 Nauru139 Uzbekistan191
Ethiopia88 Nepal140 Vanuatu 192
European Union189 New Zealand 141 Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of 193
Fiji90 Nicaragua142 Viet Nam 194
Gabon91 Niger143 Yemen195
The Gambia 92 Nigeria144 Zambia196
Georgia93 North Macedonia 145 Zimbabwe197
1. The information provided by the European Union covers its 27 member States from 1 February 2020.
2. The information provided by Switzerland covers Liechtenstein.
3. For statistics on bound tariffs of the UK, the calculations are based on the UK submission of its full Schedule in HS2017 which has not yet been
approved by all members.
II COUNTRY/TERRITORY
the reference year. National tariff
TARIFF PROFILES
lines that do not follow this standard
Trade
HS six-digit MFN tariff averages weighted with HS six-digit (i.e., the first six digits should be
weighted
import flows for traded national tariff lines. based on the standard subheading
average
nomenclature of the HS version
used by the country) are discarded
Imports in and not taken into account. On the
Imports in billion US$.
billion US$ other hand, missing subheadings
are added. Hence, all calculations
Share of HS six-digit subheadings containing at least one are based on the complete standard
bound tariff line. The percentage share is also presented nomenclature. All simple averages are
Binding separately for non-agricultural (Non-AG) tariff lines. Full based on pre-aggregated HS six-digit
coverage binding coverage is indicated by 100 without further decimals. averages. Pre-aggregation means that
If some tariff lines are unbound but the result still rounds to duties at the tariff line level are first
100 this is reflected by maintaining one decimal, i.e. 100.0. averaged to HS six-digit subheadings.
Subsequent calculations are based
on these pre-aggregated averages.
Per cent of HS six-digit subheadings in the schedule of
AG: Tariff To the extent possible, non-
agricultural concession covered by tariff quotas. Partial
quotas (in %) ad valorem duties are converted
coverage is taken into account on a pro rata basis.
into ad valorem equivalents.
The methodology used for the
Per cent of HS six-digit subheadings in the schedule conversion is in Technical Annex
AG: Special
of agricultural concessions with at least one tariff B of World Tariff Profiles 2006.
safeguards
line subject to Special Safeguards (SSG). Partial
(in %)
coverage is taken into account on a pro rata basis.
II COUNTRY/TERRITORY
HS 2 digit
5 per cent of smallest bilateral tariff line trade flows.
TARIFF PROFILES
Diversification:
95 % trade in no. of
Number of HS six-digit subheadings with trade flows after exclusion of 5 per
HS 6 digit cent
of smallest bilateral tariff line trade flows
Simple Simple average of MFN duties based only on tariff lines with imports
MFN Average
of traded TL
Trade-weighted average difference between the MFN duty and the most
Preference margin Weighted advantageous preferential duty. Tariff lines where either MFN or preferential
duties cannot be expressed in ad valorem terms have been excluded.
Duty-free tariff lines in per cent of all bilateral trade flows; includes duty-
TL in % free preferential treatment. Partially duty-free subheadings are taken
into account on a pro rata basis if tariff line imports are not available.
Duty-free imports
Share of duty-free trade in per cent of all bilateral trade flows; includes
Value in % duty-free preferential treatment. Partially duty-free subheadings are taken
into account on a pro rata basis if tariff line imports are not available.
Oilseeds, fats
18 1201-08, Ch. 15 (except 150410, 150420), 2304-06, 3823
and oils
Sugars and
14 Ch. 17
confectionery
20 2009, 2201-08
Beverages and
tobacco
22 Ch. 24
x15 0904-10
Other agricultural
products Ch.05 (except 0508, 051191), 0604, 1209-10, 1212-14, 1802,
x23 230110, 2302-03, 2307-09, 290543-45, 3301, 3501-05, 380910,
382460, 4101-03, 4301, 5001-03, 5101-03, 5301-02
1. Multilateral Trade Negotiations (MTN) categories were first defined in the Tokyo Round and adapted for the Harmonized System in the Uruguay Round.
The product group breakdown in this publication deviates slightly from the previous definition, which was based on the HS 1992 nomenclature.
4 2601-17, 2620, Ch. 72-76 (except 7321-22), Ch. 78-83 (except 8304-05)
Minerals and metals
Ch. 25, 2618-19, 2621, 2701-04, 2706- 08, 2711-15, Ch.31, 3403,
9
Ch. 68-71 (except 6807, 701911-19, 701940-59), 911310-20
II COUNTRY/TERRITORY
TARIFF PROFILES
Petroleum 97 2709-10
Wood, paper, etc. 1 Ch.44, 45, 47, 48, 49, 9401-04 (except 940490), 961900
Leather, Ch. 40, Ch. 41 (except 4101-4103), 4201-05 (except 420212, 420222,
3
footwear, etc. 420232, 420292), 4302-04, Ch. 64 (except 640520, 640610), 9605
2716, 3406, 3605-06, 4206, Ch. 46, 6506-07, 6602-03, Ch. 67, 6807,
Manufactures, not
10 8304-05, 8519-23 (excluding 852352), 8710, 8715, 8805, Ch. 90‑93
elsewhere specified
(except 9113), 9405-06, Ch. 95-97 (except 9605, 961210 , 961900)
2. The part of HS subheading 330210 which relates to products originally classified as agricultural has not been taken into account in the Chemicals
product group.
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0.4 0.7 18.9 0 19.6 31.0 23.8 0 5.5
MFN applied
Imports
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 10.1 26.6 38.5 0.1 10.5 10.3 0 0 0
MFN applied
Imports
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 10.2 19.1 53.2 0.0 17.5 0 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 12.1 21.5 52.2 14.2 0 0 0 0 0
II COUNTRY/TERRITORY
Imports 2020 21.7 21.5 39.1 17.7 0 0 0 0 0
TARIFF PROFILES
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 36.3 29.5 17.4 2.0 14.8 0 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 60.0 17.3 13.4 9.3 0 0 0 0 0
Imports 2020 63.6 9.8 18.6 8.0 0 0 0 0 0
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound
MFN applied 2021 0.4 20.2 0 9.4 0 69.3 0.6 0 0
Imports
Non-agricultural products
Final bound
MFN applied 2021 1.5 22.8 0 37.5 0 38.2 0.0 0 0
Imports
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 1.3 4.3 0 0 94.3 0 0
MFN applied 2021 28.3 7.6 16.3 0 10.1 32.0 5.7 0 0
II COUNTRY/TERRITORY
Imports 2019 13.0 1.7 31.6 0 25.4 24.5 3.8 0 0
TARIFF PROFILES
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 0 100.0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 46.3 14.9 16.8 0.0 7.0 15.0 0 0 0
Imports 2019 46.1 24.7 10.7 0.0 4.1 14.4 0 0 0
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 0.5 84.8 14.5 0
MFN applied 2021 24.5 23.8 2.1 4.1 16.2 29.4 0 0 0
Imports 2019 15.5 10.8 2.6 1.5 44.7 25.0 0 0 0
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 91.5 1.9 1.0 0
MFN applied 2021 7.8 63.6 3.0 4.3 17.9 3.2 0.2 0 0.1
Imports 2019 2.5 36.7 6.4 10.3 32.4 11.7 0.0 0 0
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0.2 3.7 0.5 0.5 6.2 89.0 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 7.3 6.9 56.6 14.1 13.1 2.0 0 0 0
II COUNTRY/TERRITORY
Imports 2020 3.0 1.3 71.9 10.9 10.8 2.1 0 0 0
TARIFF PROFILES
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 0 0.1 0.3 1.4 20.2 78.0 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 6.3 16.0 13.1 26.4 23.7 14.6 0 0 0
Imports 2020 18.5 11.3 8.6 26.1 23.7 11.7 0 0 0
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 1.3 0.4 1.1 97.2 0 0 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 10.4 39.8 20.2 28.8 0.5 0.4 0.0 0 23.2
Imports 2020 9.2 36.3 20.1 27.9 2.9 3.6 0.1 0 38.5
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 40.9 7.0 6.9 45.2 0 0 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 16.9 42.5 29.2 10.7 0.6 0 0 0 6.8
Imports 2020 32.1 32.9 27.2 7.5 0.2 0 0 0 6.1
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 33.1 44.0 16.1 3.7 2.8 0.3 0 0 1.6
MFN applied 2021 76.8 22.7 0.1 0.1 0.3 0 0 0 0.9
II COUNTRY/TERRITORY
Imports 2020 52.2 44.5 0.1 2.3 0.8 0 0 0 3.3
TARIFF PROFILES
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 22.0 17.9 26.3 16.1 7.5 4.6 2.4 0 0.9
MFN applied 2021 48.0 52.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Imports 2020 46.3 53.7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound
MFN applied 2021 12.1 10.2 0.4 71.0 1.2 2.4 1.1 0.6 7.7
Imports 2020 30.3 11.2 2.9 50.0 0.4 3.0 1.9 0.4 10.4
Non-agricultural products
Final bound
MFN applied 2021 37.1 20.5 0.1 41.6 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.9
Imports 2020 28.5 22.6 0.0 42.9 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 6.0
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 96.4 1.3 2.1 0
MFN applied 2021 26.4 70.8 0 0 0 0 0.4 0.9 1.3
II COUNTRY/TERRITORY
Imports 2020 33.0 62.0 0 0 0 0 0.2 4.8 5.0
TARIFF PROFILES
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 2.3 0 0 0 0 63.2 0.1 0 0
MFN applied 2021 8.4 91.0 0 0 0.3 0 0 0 0
Imports 2020 14.4 85.2 0 0 0.5 0 0 0 0.0
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 0.0 1.7 0.2 6.5 0 91.5 0
MFN applied 2021 8.9 13.9 15.3 1.1 60.7 0 0 0 0.7
Imports
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.9 2.6 0 0.1 0
MFN applied 2021 3.7 31.5 24.7 1.5 38.5 0 0 0 0.4
Imports
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 0 81.4 18.5 0
MFN applied 2021 18.8 30.5 1.7 3.3 10.1 27.0 1.3 7.3 1.7
II COUNTRY/TERRITORY
Imports 2020 14.9 12.4 0.7 6.2 33.9 18.0 5.9 8.0 3.6
TARIFF PROFILES
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 0 90.7 3.7 0
MFN applied 2021 16.5 56.1 3.1 3.8 15.4 4.6 0.4 0.2 0.1
Imports 2020 31.7 36.2 4.5 8.7 16.1 2.2 0.0 0.6 0.0
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound
MFN applied 2021 10.0 39.8 20.3 22.8 4.6 0.9 1.5 0.3 24.1
Imports 2020 18.0 34.6 21.0 22.0 3.6 0.2 0.5 0.0 41.2
Non-agricultural products
Final bound
MFN applied 2021 16.9 42.2 29.5 10.5 0.7 0.0 0.0 0 6.8
Imports 2020 41.1 29.7 22.8 5.8 0.4 0.0 0.0 0 4.2
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 0.5 83.5 15.8 0
MFN applied 2021 17.3 32.1 1.8 3.0 7.5 31.7 4.0 2.6 3.3
II COUNTRY/TERRITORY
Imports 2020 41.3 6.7 0.3 1.4 11.0 4.0 7.4 27.8 28.8
TARIFF PROFILES
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 87.9 6.4 1.0 0
MFN applied 2021 10.1 60.0 2.7 3.7 15.9 7.4 0.2 0 0.0
Imports 2020 28.4 29.1 5.7 10.4 21.2 5.0 0.1 0 1.3
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0 0.7 1.3 0 0.1 0 97.7 0 0
MFN applied 2021 0 27.1 19.1 0 41.9 12.0 0 0 0
Imports 2020 0 4.2 52.7 0 20.9 22.2 0 0 0
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 0.9 11.5 6.4 5.0 3.8 1.2 0.1 0 0
MFN applied 2021 2.0 40.4 21.4 0 35.8 0.4 0 0 0
Imports 2020 9.6 31.3 32.8 0 24.8 1.5 0 0 0
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound
MFN applied 2021 10.7 0 85.2 0 0 0.4 3.7 0 0
II COUNTRY/TERRITORY
Imports
TARIFF PROFILES
Non-agricultural products
Final bound
MFN applied 2021 8.7 0.1 90.6 0 0.4 0.2 0.1 0 0.2
Imports
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 100.0 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 1.8 9.6 46.0 20.5 19.2 3.0 0 0 0
Imports 2020 0.8 1.2 70.7 7.0 13.4 6.8 0 0 0
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 100.0 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 8.0 32.3 28.9 10.1 13.3 7.4 0 0 0.0
Imports 2020 21.9 15.5 52.2 4.4 2.3 3.5 0 0 0.2
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound
MFN applied 2021 37.2 29.2 10.8 4.8 6.6 9.1 2.1 0.2 21.6
II COUNTRY/TERRITORY
Imports 2020 10.5 27.1 13.9 5.1 19.0 21.2 3.1 0.0 45.0
TARIFF PROFILES
Non-agricultural products
Final bound
MFN applied 2021 30.9 31.4 29.0 8.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.1
Imports 2020 27.1 27.7 33.4 11.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 21.9 2.5 1.6 1.5 14.4 36.0 19.0 2.9 0
MFN applied 2021 46.1 11.1 13.6 6.5 15.6 6.0 0.9 0.2 13.7
Imports 2020 22.5 16.3 10.1 10.5 29.1 11.4 0.0 0.1 21.5
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 12.8 5.0 22.1 20.0 19.1 13.8 0 0.0 0
MFN applied 2021 62.5 2.3 6.8 8.1 13.0 7.3 0 0.0 0.9
Imports 2020 65.2 11.8 2.9 5.0 12.7 2.4 0 0.0 11.2
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 2.7 0.0 0.4 1.2 6.5 75.1 14.1 0 0
MFN applied 2021 7.1 6.9 57.3 14.3 13.5 0.8 0 0 0
II COUNTRY/TERRITORY
Imports 2020 2.5 2.0 53.1 20.6 17.2 4.6 0 0 0
TARIFF PROFILES
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 0.7 0.1 0.6 2.1 23.9 72.5 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 4.8 16.5 13.1 27.4 24.6 13.6 0 0 0
Imports 2020 19.2 12.9 16.3 27.0 19.2 5.3 0 0 0
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0 0.9 0.1 0 83.8 11.7 0.1 1.0 2.2
MFN applied 2021 98.9 0.9 0.1 0 0 0.0 0 0 1.1
Imports 2020 99.1 0.3 0.2 0 0 0.4 0 0 0.9
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 0 0 65.7 29.4 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 95.3 4.0 0.7 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.1
Imports 2020 91.2 8.7 0.1 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 6.7
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0 0.6 1.3 0 0.1 0 97.8 0 0
MFN applied 2021 0 27.1 19.1 0 41.9 12.0 0 0 0
II COUNTRY/TERRITORY
Imports 2020 0 24.0 34.6 0 34.9 6.5 0 0 0
TARIFF PROFILES
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 0.9 11.5 6.5 5.0 3.8 0 1.4 0 0
MFN applied 2021 2.0 40.4 21.4 0 35.8 0.4 0 0 0
Imports 2020 11.9 32.9 37.3 0 17.7 0.3 0 0 0
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 2.9 0.5 0 0.3 0 2.1 94.1 0 0
MFN applied 2021 15.4 0 16.2 0 64.3 0.9 3.2 0 1.1
Imports 2020 11.7 0 10.3 0 40.8 22.5 14.8 0 14.4
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 0.5 1.6 0.5 0.5 5.7 0 1.3 0 0
MFN applied 2021 41.4 0 21.1 0 36.9 0.6 0 0 0.8
Imports 2020 53.6 0 13.1 0 29.4 3.9 0 0 3.1
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0 18.2 17.4 2.3 46.2 13.4 2.5 0 0
MFN applied 2021 33.6 19.2 8.4 0 22.9 15.4 0.4 0 0
II COUNTRY/TERRITORY
Imports 2020 17.2 33.3 6.8 0 18.2 23.0 1.4 0 0
TARIFF PROFILES
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 5.3 35.6 15.0 2.2 26.7 14.2 1.0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 48.1 12.9 8.6 0.0 15.0 15.4 0 0 0
Imports 2020 44.2 21.3 9.1 0.0 12.4 12.9 0 0 0
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0 3.8 7.3 17.1 15.7 55.4 0.8 0 0
MFN applied 2021 14.5 0 42.9 26.6 0 16.1 0 0 0
Imports 2020 16.1 0 44.6 18.9 0 20.3 0 0 0
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 0.9 0 29.3 28.6 17.2 24.0 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 17.1 0 46.5 30.9 0 5.4 0 0 0.0
Imports 2020 21.0 0 48.1 20.5 0 4.2 0 0 6.2
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 0 99.9 0 0
MFN applied
II COUNTRY/TERRITORY
Imports
TARIFF PROFILES
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.1 0 0
MFN applied
Imports
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 48.0 16.3 19.4 7.2 1.4 2.0 1.0 4.7 18.4
MFN applied 2021 68.5 5.6 11.5 5.2 1.1 2.0 0.8 5.1 11.1
Imports 2020 57.2 12.7 15.8 10.0 0.2 1.9 0.0 2.1 11.0
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 39.0 7.6 38.5 7.7 6.7 0 0 0 0.3
MFN applied 2021 79.3 3.1 10.2 1.3 6.2 0 0 0 0
Imports 2020 70.8 1.1 23.7 0.7 3.8 0 0 0 0
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 99.9 0 0 0
MFN applied
II COUNTRY/TERRITORY
Imports
TARIFF PROFILES
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 0 0 2.0 52.8 0.4 0 0
MFN applied
Imports
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 0 99.9 0 0
MFN applied
Imports
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.5 0 0
MFN applied
Imports
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 0 0 89.9 9.4 0.7 0 0
MFN applied 2021 0 0 98.9 0 0 0 0 0 1.1
II COUNTRY/TERRITORY
Imports 2020 0 0 93.4 0 0 0 0 0 6.6
TARIFF PROFILES
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 100.0 0 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 0.3 0 99.7 0 0 0 0 0 0
Imports 2020 0.3 0 99.7 0 0 0 0 0 0
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 5.9 7.0 26.0 25.5 26.2 7.0 2.3 0 0
MFN applied 2021 7.2 15.1 28.6 21.8 20.0 4.7 2.5 0 0.3
Imports 2020 1.2 34.6 22.9 28.1 2.2 6.5 4.5 0 2.3
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 6.6 18.5 47.1 14.5 11.9 1.4 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 8.6 24.4 60.8 4.7 1.0 0.4 0 0 0.3
Imports 2020 57.8 21.0 17.8 3.1 0.3 0.0 0 0 0.1
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 0 0.1 0.1 0.5 73.7 25.5 0
MFN applied 2021 1.1 13.2 27.9 38.9 0.1 0.0 3.4 0 15.4
II COUNTRY/TERRITORY
Imports 2020 0.3 3.7 13.0 20.5 0.6 1.5 6.1 0 54.4
TARIFF PROFILES
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 5.3 0 0 0 0 94.6 0.1 0.1 0
MFN applied 2021 60.0 9.5 9.9 20.3 0 0.4 0 0 0.0
Imports 2020 56.2 11.3 14.6 13.0 0 4.9 0 0 0.0
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound
MFN applied 2021 22.0 23.4 0 0 54.6 0 0 0 0
Imports 2020 73.8 7.9 0 0 18.3 0 0 0 0
Non-agricultural products
Final bound
MFN applied 2021 12.3 12.7 0 0 75.0 0 0 0 0.0
Imports 2020 65.6 14.1 0 0 20.3 0 0 0 0
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 99.9 0 0 0
MFN applied
II COUNTRY/TERRITORY
Imports
TARIFF PROFILES
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 0 0.7 1.7 0 0 1.1 0 0 0
MFN applied
Imports
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound
MFN applied 2021 95.7 0 0 0 0.2 0.2 0.3 3.6 4.1
Imports
Non-agricultural products
Final bound
MFN applied 2021 99.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.4
Imports
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0 6.1 2.0 1.2 4.2 82.5 3.0 1.0 0
MFN applied 2021 29.9 10.7 9.7 41.2 0.1 5.8 2.1 0.5 0
II COUNTRY/TERRITORY
Imports 2020 34.1 6.2 5.9 40.0 1.5 11.0 0.9 0.5 0
TARIFF PROFILES
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 2.3 0.4 0.3 0.1 3.5 92.4 1.0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 55.0 10.4 14.9 19.6 0 0.0 0 0 0
Imports 2020 64.0 8.0 8.8 19.2 0 0.0 0 0 0
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0.1 3.5 1.9 93.2 0.1 0 0.9 0 0
MFN applied 2021 0 27.2 18.7 0 42.4 11.7 0 0 0
Imports
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 0.9 10.4 5.6 2.8 2.8 0 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 2.0 40.4 21.4 0 35.9 0.4 0 0 0
Imports
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 3.6 2.5 0.5 0 0.1 93.4 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 8.5 91.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
II COUNTRY/TERRITORY
Imports 2020 9.8 23.6 41.6 19.4 1.0 4.6 0 0 0
TARIFF PROFILES
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 2.0 4.2 9.1 4.6 1.0 0.7 0.1 0 0
MFN applied 2021 6.3 93.4 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 0
Imports 2020 4.7 26.7 39.9 22.0 2.9 3.8 0 0 0.0
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 0 0.3 2.4 0 97.3 0 0
MFN applied 2020 3.7 18.6 54.3 0 23.4 0 0 0 0
Imports 2020 0.4 32.1 51.2 0 16.3 0 0 0 0
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 0 0.9 0 0.3 3.6 0.4 94.7 0 0
MFN applied 2020 0.4 39.0 31.6 0 29.0 0 0 0 0.1
Imports 2020 19.7 34.9 35.2 0 10.2 0 0 0 0
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0 0.3 0 0 0 94.4 1.0 4.3 0
MFN applied
II COUNTRY/TERRITORY
Imports
TARIFF PROFILES
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 0.0 0 0.4 0 0 99.5 0.0 0.0 0
MFN applied
Imports
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 0.6 73.2 26.0 0
MFN applied 2020 24.7 22.3 1.5 3.7 13.7 27.8 3.7 2.6 0.1
Imports 2019 9.3 6.7 0.2 4.1 46.9 21.6 8.1 3.1 0
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 90.8 0.1 0 0
MFN applied 2020 24.1 45.9 4.1 4.1 16.0 5.6 0.1 0.1 0.1
Imports 2019 14.4 26.8 18.6 11.9 21.8 5.7 0.3 0.3 0
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0 0.2 0.9 0.1 2.4 93.5 2.9 0 0
MFN applied 2021 32.6 0.7 9.0 4.7 47.1 3.2 2.8 0 0
II COUNTRY/TERRITORY
Imports 2020 35.2 0.8 4.2 14.1 34.6 1.5 9.7 0 0
TARIFF PROFILES
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 2.3 0 8.8 0.7 8.8 79.5 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 59.3 4.6 4.9 5.8 25.4 0 0 0 0
Imports 2020 53.2 4.6 4.6 9.4 28.2 0 0 0 0
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0 2.7 1.1 10.1 50.8 32.7 2.6 0 0
MFN applied 2021 26.4 3.3 5.9 8.9 33.4 20.0 2.2 0 1.4
Imports 2020 52.2 6.6 7.1 8.8 17.8 7.3 0.0 0 2.9
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 0 1.8 16.5 12.5 43.0 26.3 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 48.7 7.4 4.0 8.5 14.0 17.4 0 0 6.5
Imports 2020 62.6 9.9 4.2 5.1 8.7 9.6 0 0 2.8
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0 10.4 19.0 2.1 17.8 22.5 25.9 2.1 1.6
MFN applied
II COUNTRY/TERRITORY
Imports
TARIFF PROFILES
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 2.2 11.7 11.1 4.2 22.6 34.2 13.2 0.1 0
MFN applied
Imports
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 0 0 13.2 74.4 10.8 1.6 0
MFN applied 2021 28.2 10.4 10.5 39.2 1.8 9.7 0 0.2 0
Imports 2020 17.0 3.8 5.4 43.4 6.0 23.4 0 1.0 0
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 2.6 0 0 0 14.6 81.3 1.5 0 0
MFN applied 2021 54.1 11.6 14.7 18.9 0.1 0.7 0 0 0
Imports 2020 51.8 15.5 10.3 20.3 1.5 0.6 0 0 0
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 22.5 2.5 1.6 1.5 10.0 36.3 22.6 2.9 0
MFN applied 2021 46.1 11.2 13.5 6.4 15.6 6.1 0.8 0.2 13.7
II COUNTRY/TERRITORY
Imports 2020 38.9 14.7 10.8 8.5 20.3 6.7 0.1 0.0 20.3
TARIFF PROFILES
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 12.8 5.0 22.1 20.0 19.1 13.8 0 0.0 0
MFN applied 2021 62.5 2.3 6.8 8.1 13.0 7.3 0.0 0.0 0.9
Imports 2020 44.0 13.2 6.7 8.4 22.3 5.4 0.0 0.0 12.3
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound
MFN applied 2021 1.5 21.7 9.8 0 6.4 60.7 0 0 0
Imports 2020 0.8 65.2 4.5 0 2.9 26.7 0 0 0
Non-agricultural products
Final bound
MFN applied 2021 7.9 25.3 19.1 0 20.5 27.2 0 0 0
Imports 2020 26.8 29.8 14.5 0 11.2 17.6 0 0 0
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 30.4 11.1 18.0 13.3 10.8 10.1 3.5 0.7 33.2
MFN applied 2021 31.7 10.6 18.1 13.3 11.5 8.6 2.9 0.5 31.6
II COUNTRY/TERRITORY
Imports 2020 40.1 13.1 16.7 8.7 8.6 5.8 1.7 0.0 25.3
TARIFF PROFILES
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 30.0 33.2 27.8 7.4 1.5 0.1 0 0 0.5
MFN applied 2021 28.6 34.6 27.9 7.4 1.4 0.1 0 0 0.5
Imports 2020 51.8 25.2 16.3 5.5 1.2 0.0 0 0 0.3
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 0 0.1 0 97.6 1.2 1.0 2.2
MFN applied 2021 19.2 56.8 0.1 9.6 0.0 11.4 0.7 2.1 3.3
Imports 2020 30.0 26.7 0.4 19.7 0.0 19.3 0.9 2.9 4.7
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 0.0 0 0 42.0 0.0 0 0.0
MFN applied 2021 27.3 59.7 0.1 8.8 0.1 3.7 0.1 0.0 1.4
Imports 2020 27.5 44.9 0.4 5.1 2.1 15.3 4.8 0.0 20.3
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 0 0.7 0 5.8 93.6 0 0
MFN applied
II COUNTRY/TERRITORY
Imports
TARIFF PROFILES
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 0 2.7 50.1 1.8 13.5 30.9 0.9 0 0
MFN applied
Imports
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 0 0 2.3 3.3 1.1 93.2 0
MFN applied 2021 0 27.1 19.1 0 41.9 12.0 0 0 0
Imports 2020 0 1.4 34.0 0 55.0 9.6 0 0 0
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 0.4 0.3 0.1 0
MFN applied 2021 2.0 40.4 21.4 0 35.8 0.4 0 0 0
Imports 2020 3.1 45.4 16.5 0 34.5 0.4 0 0 0
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 7.9 1.5 6.3 71.8 10.4 2.1 0 0 2.4
MFN applied 2021 49.7 2.3 0.7 46.3 0.5 0.5 0 0 2.4
II COUNTRY/TERRITORY
Imports 2020 38.0 7.6 0.3 53.3 0.7 0.1 0 0 1.4
TARIFF PROFILES
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 27.6 17.6 22.7 31.7 0.3 0 0 0 0.0
MFN applied 2021 93.1 1.4 0 5.2 0 0 0 0 0.3
Imports 2020 89.3 3.7 0 7.0 0 0 0 0 0.0
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 4.1 95.7 0 0
MFN applied 2021 0 27.1 19.1 0 41.9 12.0 0 0 0
Imports
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 1.3 0.1 0 0
MFN applied 2021 2.0 40.4 21.4 0 35.8 0.4 0 0 0
Imports
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 1.7 0 0 0 1.1 2.4 89.4 5.4 0
MFN applied
II COUNTRY/TERRITORY
Imports
TARIFF PROFILES
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 99.9 0.1 0 0
MFN applied
Imports
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 1.4 0.8 2.1 82.8 4.2 8.7 0
MFN applied 2021 28.3 10.6 11.2 45.9 2.6 1.3 0 0 0
Imports 2020 20.7 8.7 5.2 59.6 3.5 2.3 0 0 0
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 2.3 0 1.7 2.5 8.9 84.4 0.2 0 0
MFN applied 2021 55.2 10.6 14.9 19.4 0.0 0 0 0 0
Imports 2020 49.7 17.9 16.5 15.9 0.0 0 0 0 0
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0 0.6 1.3 0 0.1 96.9 0.9 0 0
MFN applied 2021 0 27.1 19.1 0 41.9 12.0 0 0 0
II COUNTRY/TERRITORY
Imports
TARIFF PROFILES
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 0.9 11.6 6.3 5.0 4.4 0.4 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 2.0 40.4 21.4 0 35.8 0.4 0 0 0
Imports
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 100.0 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 0 27.1 19.1 0 41.9 12.0 0 0 0
Imports
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 97.2 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 2.0 40.4 21.4 0 35.8 0.4 0 0 0
Imports
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 0.6 99.4 0 0
MFN applied 2021 8.3 33.3 1.6 3.5 12.7 33.4 3.2 0 0
II COUNTRY/TERRITORY
Imports 2020 25.7 8.7 0.3 6.1 40.4 13.5 5.2 0 0
TARIFF PROFILES
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 99.8 0.2 0 0
MFN applied 2021 9.3 58.9 3.3 4.2 16.6 5.8 0.4 0 0
Imports 2020 9.9 34.9 4.3 12.1 35.1 3.7 0.0 0 0
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 16.3 1.7 12.6 3.1 27.7 37.5 0.3 0 9.2
MFN applied 2020 29.9 25.1 7.7 17.5 12.9 6.6 0 0 0
Imports
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 3.4 3.6 18.2 7.6 43.7 6.6 0 0 9.5
MFN applied 2020 48.1 31.4 10.5 6.5 3.2 0.0 0 0 0
Imports
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0 0.0 3.1 3.0 13.8 79.3 0.5 0.2 0
MFN applied 2021 27.3 11.4 10.6 45.6 1.2 3.5 0.1 0.2 0
II COUNTRY/TERRITORY
Imports
TARIFF PROFILES
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 2.2 0.7 3.2 4.9 3.2 85.8 0.2 0 0
MFN applied 2021 54.9 11.1 14.5 19.0 0.2 0.4 0 0 0
Imports
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 100.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 100.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Imports 2020 100.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 41.3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 100.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Imports 2020 100.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 25.6 2.1 6.9 1.4 7.9 12.8 3.2 40.2 24.5
MFN applied 2021 64.9 0.5 1.0 0.8 4.8 6.1 12.2 6.2 21.1
II COUNTRY/TERRITORY
Imports 2020 51.8 1.3 2.3 1.8 11.9 5.7 21.5 2.3 16.4
TARIFF PROFILES
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 46.4 6.2 8.3 6.1 16.9 9.7 0.7 0.0 0.0
MFN applied 2021 99.1 0 0.9 0 0 0 0 0 0
Imports 2020 99.9 0 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 0
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 1.3 0.4 1.9 6.9 55.5 34.1 0.3
MFN applied 2021 2.9 0 1.5 0.9 2.3 77.9 12.1 2.4 0.3
Imports 2020 0.2 0 0.8 3.8 2.6 47.6 43.4 1.7 4.1
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 2.6 0.5 0.0 0 15.6 50.1 0.3 1.0 5.7
MFN applied 2021 1.8 4.8 54.9 10.0 20.0 7.4 0.6 0.5 5.5
Imports 2020 6.2 22.1 45.7 18.1 7.2 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.4
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 0.5 0 0 87.3 8.9 3.4 0
MFN applied 2021 8.5 76.5 4.4 1.0 5.1 2.3 1.2 1.0 1.4
II COUNTRY/TERRITORY
Imports 2020 36.0 47.0 12.9 0.9 2.6 0.5 0.0 0.0 11.1
TARIFF PROFILES
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 2.2 0 0.0 3.8 0 89.3 0.0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 13.8 50.1 16.2 10.1 8.9 0.9 0 0.0 0.0
Imports 2020 36.4 38.3 12.8 8.5 3.2 0.8 0 0.0 0.0
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound
MFN applied 2020 0 30.1 7.9 5.4 6.7 17.6 32.3 0 0
Imports
Non-agricultural products
Final bound
MFN applied 2020 0 44.2 9.5 8.1 7.2 17.9 13.2 0 0.0
Imports
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 4.2 8.4 3.5 2.1 17.0 10.2 18.5 34.8 0.3
MFN applied 2021 50.7 9.1 10.6 9.2 6.1 7.8 4.5 1.6 16.8
II COUNTRY/TERRITORY
Imports 2020 61.2 9.8 4.9 5.7 2.9 10.6 3.2 1.8 11.6
TARIFF PROFILES
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 11.7 26.4 12.3 9.7 5.8 3.8 1.8 0.3 7.8
MFN applied 2021 78.9 0.6 11.2 8.4 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.9
Imports 2020 71.4 0.4 18.1 9.8 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0.3
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 1.5 0.3 0.7 0 0 0.6 96.9 0 0.3
MFN applied 2021 31.0 14.7 1.5 3.7 13.1 34.6 1.5 0 0
Imports 2020 25.4 7.3 0.7 2.9 44.4 18.6 0.8 0 0
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 0.3 4.7 13.1 0.4 0.0 81.4 0.1 0 0
MFN applied 2021 63.0 6.2 3.0 4.4 18.6 4.7 0 0 0.0
Imports 2020 48.8 6.6 7.8 12.2 21.1 3.5 0 0 0
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 34.1 18.2 16.4 7.7 10.9 5.8 2.6 4.1 15.1
MFN applied 2021 35.8 17.1 16.7 7.4 11.3 6.2 1.2 2.9 13.2
II COUNTRY/TERRITORY
Imports 2020 34.8 17.5 15.4 9.7 9.4 10.6 0.1 0.6 8.1
TARIFF PROFILES
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 55.9 25.7 15.2 2.1 0.4 0.3 0.0 0.1 1.7
MFN applied 2021 55.9 26.2 15.1 2.0 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.1 1.9
Imports 2020 81.0 10.9 6.4 1.5 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.8
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 1.4 15.1 15.6 10.1 27.9 26.3 0.3 3.3 1.2
MFN applied 2020 35.1 7.5 6.1 3.3 23.4 21.4 0.3 3.0 0.9
Imports 2020 60.5 0.8 0.7 2.6 20.8 13.1 1.0 0.6 0.9
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 7.0 22.1 16.7 8.1 25.0 21.0 0.0 0 0.1
MFN applied 2020 57.7 3.2 4.6 3.5 15.0 15.9 0 0 0
Imports 2020 53.5 5.8 5.9 1.9 16.4 16.4 0 0 0.0
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 6.0 42.4 24.0 20.9 3.4 2.3 0.7 0.3 18.2
MFN applied 2021 13.1 38.7 22.4 19.5 2.6 2.9 0.5 0.3 17.3
II COUNTRY/TERRITORY
Imports 2020 10.6 22.0 25.9 27.8 2.6 2.2 8.2 0.7 43.7
TARIFF PROFILES
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 16.3 45.1 28.8 9.6 0.1 0.0 0 0 6.2
MFN applied 2021 28.8 38.2 25.6 7.4 0.1 0 0 0 5.9
Imports 2020 42.2 27.8 23.9 5.9 0.1 0 0 0 3.6
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 0 99.9 0 0
MFN applied 2021 15.3 0 16.2 0 59.6 4.8 2.9 0 3.1
Imports 2020 32.8 0 5.2 0 16.1 30.9 14.1 0 21.8
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.3 2.3 0 0
MFN applied 2021 41.1 0 20.4 0.2 31.3 6.5 0.1 0.0 3.1
Imports 2020 50.0 0 23.1 0.0 21.0 4.5 0.1 0.0 4.7
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound
MFN applied 2021 100.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
II COUNTRY/TERRITORY
Imports 2020 100.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
TARIFF PROFILES
Non-agricultural products
Final bound
MFN applied 2021 100.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Imports 2020 100.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 2.0 5.1 8.5 7.9 23.2 33.2 10.2 9.9 5.3
MFN applied 2021 5.5 17.7 22.5 1.2 12.9 28.1 2.0 10.0 3.1
Imports 2020 3.6 19.3 21.1 1.5 11.4 26.7 1.0 15.4 3.6
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 18.0 7.4 22.6 32.6 5.6 6.4 0.0 0 0.0
MFN applied 2021 18.9 11.4 59.4 6.4 3.8 0.0 0 0 0.0
Imports 2020 41.7 24.8 29.8 3.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 0 0.0
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 0 100.0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 23.4 67.8 0 0 0 0 1.3 0 8.7
II COUNTRY/TERRITORY
Imports 2020 40.1 54.6 0 0 0 0 5.2 0 5.4
TARIFF PROFILES
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 2.3 0 0 0 0 0 97.6 0 0
MFN applied 2021 8.4 91.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.4
Imports 2020 22.0 77.9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 1.2 8.9 55.1 11.9 22.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 2.3
MFN applied 2021 10.0 39.1 20.5 27.1 2.1 0.8 0.1 0.3 24.1
Imports 2020 2.5 20.7 40.8 30.9 1.8 1.6 1.8 0.0 57.7
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 22.4 11.0 59.1 7.4 0.0 0 0 0 0.2
MFN applied 2021 16.9 41.6 29.1 11.3 0.9 0.1 0.0 0 6.8
Imports 2020 16.7 47.6 25.9 8.3 1.2 0.1 0.0 0 6.2
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 7.1 10.1 37.8 4.7 10.6 25.3 4.4 0 0
MFN applied 2021 10.0 36.4 31.6 0.4 6.3 14.6 0 0 0
II COUNTRY/TERRITORY
Imports 2020 3.3 20.8 47.6 2.2 0.5 25.6 0 0 0.0
TARIFF PROFILES
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 0.1 11.1 13.7 15.4 39.0 20.6 0.1 0 0
MFN applied 2021 0.3 58.0 33.9 0.1 5.2 2.4 0 0 0
Imports 2020 2.6 60.0 28.2 0.3 4.5 4.4 0 0 0
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound
MFN applied 2020 22.2 49.3 0.7 3.2 6.1 7.4 10.3 0.8 10.3
Imports 2020 53.2 33.8 0.6 2.2 3.7 4.0 2.3 0.1 2.9
Non-agricultural products
Final bound
MFN applied 2020 42.3 45.4 3.4 2.8 4.3 1.6 0.1 0 5.6
Imports 2020 33.5 58.3 1.9 2.4 3.1 0.7 0.0 0 15.5
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.6 99.4 0
MFN applied 2021 46.1 11.0 13.7 6.5 15.6 6.1 0.6 0.2 13.7
II COUNTRY/TERRITORY
Imports 2020 30.7 12.6 14.9 7.2 13.7 15.1 5.1 0.5 30.7
TARIFF PROFILES
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 0 99.9 0.1 0
MFN applied 2021 62.5 2.3 6.8 8.1 13.0 7.3 0.0 0 0.9
Imports 2020 33.9 15.5 5.3 6.1 32.1 7.2 0.0 0 14.9
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 4.0 23.5 52.9 19.6 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 0 27.1 19.1 0 41.9 12.0 0 0 0
Imports
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 0.1 7.3 2.9 1.1 42.7 46.0 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 2.0 40.4 21.4 0 35.8 0.4 0 0 0
Imports
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound
MFN applied 2021 6.8 87.4 1.6 0.1 0 4.2 0 0 0
II COUNTRY/TERRITORY
Imports
TARIFF PROFILES
Non-agricultural products
Final bound
MFN applied 2021 3.6 94.2 1.4 0 0 0.8 0 0 0
Imports
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 99.9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 100.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Imports 2020 100.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 19.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 100.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Imports 2020 100.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 99.9 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 5.9 15.8 19.6 0 58.7 0 0 0 0
II COUNTRY/TERRITORY
Imports 2020 35.4 17.6 30.1 0 16.9 0 0 0 0
TARIFF PROFILES
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 0.1 0.2 1.1 1.5 4.5 12.7 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 5.5 35.6 23.5 0 35.2 0 0 0 0.2
Imports 2020 14.6 20.8 22.7 0 27.2 0 0 0 14.8
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 3.5 1.3 95.1 0
MFN applied 2021 11.8 0.3 30.8 0 57.1 0 0 0 0
Imports 2020 15.6 0.0 27.2 0 57.2 0 0 0 0
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0.1 23.1 1.3 0.1 0
MFN applied 2021 36.5 0.9 28.9 0.2 33.6 0 0 0 0.0
Imports 2020 47.7 1.2 23.1 0.4 27.7 0 0 0 0
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 13.0 31.7 16.7 12.5 7.9 3.4 4.2 10.3 20.9
MFN applied 2021 74.7 11.0 4.2 1.6 2.7 3.0 1.0 1.6 4.9
II COUNTRY/TERRITORY
Imports 2020 70.2 13.1 3.8 3.5 0.9 6.3 0.8 1.3 3.7
TARIFF PROFILES
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 4.9 31.4 6.1 1.2 19.0 19.2 0.0 0 0.1
MFN applied 2021 65.2 8.6 7.8 4.5 9.9 4.0 0.0 0 0.0
Imports 2020 82.0 4.4 2.5 2.5 5.4 3.1 0.1 0 0.0
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 94.5 0 5.4 0
MFN applied 2021 75.3 0.0 0 2.5 13.2 5.6 1.2 2.1 2.6
Imports 2020 84.6 0.2 0 4.5 1.1 1.4 1.8 6.3 0.0
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 91.7 0 1.9 0
MFN applied 2021 39.4 7.2 7.5 16.6 25.6 2.9 0.3 0.4 0
Imports 2020 41.5 26.4 6.6 2.5 20.6 1.7 0.3 0.4 0
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0 0.6 1.3 0 0.1 0 97.8 0 0
MFN applied 2021 0 27.1 19.1 0 41.9 12.0 0 0 0
II COUNTRY/TERRITORY
Imports
TARIFF PROFILES
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 0.9 11.5 6.4 5.0 3.8 0 2.3 0 0
MFN applied 2021 2.0 40.4 21.4 0 35.8 0.4 0 0 0
Imports
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0 0.6 1.3 0 30.4 54.6 13.0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 3.5 28.0 16.9 0 41.1 10.4 0 0 0
Imports 2020 49.7 29.1 3.1 0 17.0 1.1 0 0 0
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 0.8 11.5 6.4 5.0 3.8 2.3 0.0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 2.0 40.2 21.3 0.0 36.0 0.4 0 0 0
Imports 2020 4.8 32.3 19.3 0 43.4 0.2 0 0 0
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 2.5 1.3 96.1 0
MFN applied 2021 92.5 0 3.1 2.7 0 1.2 0.5 0 0
II COUNTRY/TERRITORY
Imports 2020 91.1 0 1.7 4.6 0 1.4 1.1 0 0
TARIFF PROFILES
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 5.7 0 0 0 0 0 1.8 0.1 0
MFN applied 2021 96.4 0.0 0.1 2.6 0 0.9 0 0 0
Imports 2020 95.6 0 0.2 2.8 0 1.4 0 0 0
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0.4 0.2 3.8 0 11.5 75.4 2.2 6.5 7.9
MFN applied 2021 22.0 3.7 26.1 9.2 34.0 3.1 1.6 0 4.8
Imports 2020 40.2 3.1 9.7 6.1 27.4 8.0 5.6 0 6.9
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 0.2 0 0.5 0.0 2.2 97.0 0 0.0 0.0
MFN applied 2021 52.3 8.4 14.0 17.7 7.0 0.3 0 0 0.4
Imports 2020 72.8 10.1 6.1 7.4 3.3 0.3 0 0 0.0
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound
MFN applied 2021 0 92.4 0 0 4.0 3.1 0.1 0.4 1.5
II COUNTRY/TERRITORY
Imports
TARIFF PROFILES
Non-agricultural products
Final bound
MFN applied 2021 0 95.7 0 0 4.3 0 0 0 0.1
Imports
Non-agricultural products
1. Thailand 2020 98 1 2 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
2. Philippines 2020 16 1 2 4.2 4.9 0.0 0.0 0.0
3. China 2020 7 1 2 5.3 7.0 0.0 25.0 0.3
4. Japan 2020 5 1 6 4.6 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.0
5. United States of America 2020 2 7 15 6.2 0.5 0.0 53.5 88.6
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 3.2 9.8 31.4 35.1 17.2 0.9 1.9 0 8.9
MFN applied 2021 9.3 15.1 25.6 34.2 10.6 2.9 0.4 0 10.2
Imports 2020 6.8 10.7 31.4 38.6 5.9 4.9 0.7 0 15.5
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 29.0 13.4 47.4 10.2 0.1 0 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 42.1 20.8 28.5 8.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.2
Imports 2020 54.8 16.5 22.6 6.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0.9 0.9 0.8 24.0 71.7 1.5 0.3 0 0
MFN applied 2021 3.7 84.5 0.1 6.7 2.7 1.4 0 0 0
II COUNTRY/TERRITORY
Imports 2020 0.0 81.4 0.1 6.6 1.9 10.0 0 0 0.0
TARIFF PROFILES
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 1.8 0.1 20.7 0.0 73.8 3.6 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 0.9 96.8 0.2 0.0 0.4 0 0 0 0
Imports 2020 1.9 96.7 0.1 0.0 1.1 0 0 0 0.1
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 22.9 16.8 24.6 11.9 14.3 9.5 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 30.3 25.6 15.3 7.7 13.4 7.1 0 0 3.3
Imports 2020 7.9 12.2 14.0 10.0 22.6 21.6 0 0 21.8
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 32.3 26.9 32.0 8.7 0.2 0 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 32.9 47.9 18.1 1.0 0.0 0 0 0 0
Imports 2020 44.5 36.9 17.9 0.8 0.0 0 0 0 0
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 0.1 0 4.2 79.2 3.8 12.7 0
MFN applied 2021 0 35.3 13.0 0 2.0 43.2 3.6 2.8 0
II COUNTRY/TERRITORY
Imports 2020 0 50.4 6.2 0 2.1 40.9 0.1 0.3 0
TARIFF PROFILES
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 0.1 0.1 0.5 0 1.8 97.6 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 0.0 63.3 11.2 0 5.0 20.5 0 0 0
Imports 2020 1.4 62.3 7.3 0 9.8 19.2 0 0 0
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 0 99.9 0 0
MFN applied 2021 6.3 16.3 14.7 0 62.7 0 0 0 0
Imports 2020 4.4 38.7 28.4 0 28.5 0 0 0 0
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 0 0.3 0 0.1 0 0 0.1 0 0
MFN applied 2021 3.4 33.6 32.5 0 30.6 0 0 0 0
Imports 2020 13.5 44.8 28.9 0 12.9 0 0 0 0
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0.8 0.7 10.7 4.3 12.2 6.7 16.0 48.6 0.7
MFN applied 2021 8.8 42.6 2.6 38.5 3.4 4.0 0 0 0
II COUNTRY/TERRITORY
Imports 2020 1.9 59.9 6.3 24.9 4.7 2.3 0 0 0
TARIFF PROFILES
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 1.2 0 0.4 0 1.9 1.9 0.1 0.1 0
MFN applied 2021 4.0 64.9 17.1 8.6 5.1 0.4 0 0 0
Imports 2020 6.4 74.3 6.9 9.7 1.2 1.5 0 0 0
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 22.5 2.5 1.6 1.5 10.0 36.3 22.6 2.9 0
MFN applied 2021 46.1 11.0 13.6 6.6 15.7 6.1 0.7 0.2 13.7
Imports 2020 18.5 14.7 10.5 7.3 26.8 9.1 12.5 0.7 28.7
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 12.8 5.0 22.1 20.0 19.1 13.8 0 0.0 0
MFN applied 2021 62.5 2.3 6.8 8.1 13.0 7.3 0 0.0 0.9
Imports 2020 67.2 9.5 3.8 4.1 11.9 3.4 0 0.0 9.0
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound
MFN applied 2021 19.3 0 70.9 0.6 0 5.3 0.5 3.4 4.1
II COUNTRY/TERRITORY
Imports
TARIFF PROFILES
Non-agricultural products
Final bound
MFN applied 2021 1.8 0.1 94.8 0.4 1.8 0.5 0.0 0 0.9
Imports
Non-agricultural products
1. Thailand 2020 71 1 2 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
2. Philippines 2020 27 2 3 3.2 3.7 0.0 20.0 0.0
3. United States of America 2020 4 8 16 2.4 0.3 0.0 50.9 94.3
4. Korea, Republic of 2020 4 2 3 8.7 3.4 0.0 8.3 66.0
5. New Zealand 2020 3 1 1 0.6 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0 0.7 3.3 0.5 5.1 82.5 7.0 0.9 0
MFN applied 2021 0.9 8.6 62.0 13.1 2.4 9.9 1.3 1.7 5.3
Imports 2020 0.3 3.5 74.5 9.7 2.5 9.0 0.0 0.5 1.7
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 2.9 1.8 3.3 5.7 46.9 38.5 0.2 0 0
MFN applied 2021 3.7 26.4 29.8 24.2 9.5 5.5 0.7 0 0.4
Imports 2020 8.7 32.4 19.1 16.2 11.0 11.0 1.6 0 14.5
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 55.9 2.8 12.3 16.2 10.6 2.2 0.0 0 0.2
MFN applied 2021 72.4 27.6 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1
II COUNTRY/TERRITORY
Imports 2020 48.8 51.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2
TARIFF PROFILES
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 49.0 6.9 8.5 2.9 20.8 11.1 0.2 0.0 3.6
MFN applied 2021 65.1 29.0 5.6 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.4
Imports 2020 62.1 32.9 4.6 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.5
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 90.0 9.3 0.7 0
MFN applied 2021 27.2 12.4 12.1 42.8 0.2 3.8 1.5 0.1 0
Imports 2020 21.2 7.7 3.7 57.4 0.0 7.5 2.1 0.4 0
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 2.1 0 0.1 0 0 91.4 6.4 0 0
MFN applied 2021 55.2 11.0 14.7 19.1 0 0 0 0 0
Imports 2020 55.3 13.6 9.4 21.7 0 0 0 0 0
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0 0.6 1.3 0 0.1 73.6 0.8 23.5 0
MFN applied 2021 0 27.1 19.1 0 41.9 12.0 0 0 0
II COUNTRY/TERRITORY
Imports 2020 0 8.3 49.7 0 28.0 14.0 0 0 0
TARIFF PROFILES
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 0.8 11.3 6.2 5.0 3.8 69.3 0 0.0 0
MFN applied 2021 2.0 40.4 21.4 0 35.8 0.4 0 0 0
Imports 2020 14.4 39.0 19.1 0 26.1 1.4 0 0 0
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 99.9 0
MFN applied 2021 0 27.1 19.1 0 41.9 12.0 0 0 0
Imports 2020 0 60.5 28.2 0 10.6 0.8 0 0 0
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 5.3 1.3 0.1 0
MFN applied 2021 2.0 40.4 21.4 0 35.8 0.4 0 0 0
Imports 2020 9.4 43.3 33.2 0 14.1 0.0 0 0 0
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 33.6 16.4 8.7 10.2 10.5 18.7 2.0 0 9.0
MFN applied 2021 37.1 13.7 8.3 9.7 10.6 18.6 1.9 0 9.2
II COUNTRY/TERRITORY
Imports 2020 14.6 10.6 8.4 6.5 29.6 23.9 5.9 0 36.1
TARIFF PROFILES
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 39.7 18.2 18.5 15.2 8.3 0.0 0 0 0.2
MFN applied 2021 45.0 16.4 16.6 13.9 8.0 0.0 0 0 0.2
Imports 2020 50.5 20.2 15.0 10.1 4.3 0.0 0 0 0.0
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 29.1 19.7 1.0 1.1 0.7 1.6 3.3 43.5 66.2
MFN applied 2021 51.7 3.0 2.6 3.5 5.1 9.2 10.9 11.7 43.4
Imports 2020 46.6 1.1 1.2 5.4 8.0 4.6 13.7 3.7 47.9
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 53.1 24.7 12.3 9.9 0 0 0 0.0 2.4
MFN applied 2021 95.5 0.0 1.1 3.4 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.1
Imports 2020 96.3 0.0 0.3 2.8 0.6 0 0 0.0 0.6
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0 9.6 6.8 72.2 0.1 1.6 2.8 7.0 0
MFN applied 2021 23.4 67.8 0 0 0 0 6.1 1.1 2.8
II COUNTRY/TERRITORY
Imports
TARIFF PROFILES
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 7.1 6.3 22.4 59.1 5.1 0 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 8.4 91.2 0 0 0 0 0.1 0 0.3
Imports
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0 2.9 0 0.3 0.1 0.5 90.3 2.1 0.4
MFN applied 2021 2.4 33.9 2.2 14.4 44.6 0.1 2.3 0.0 4.4
Imports 2020 16.2 29.0 26.3 17.3 10.9 0.0 0.0 0.2 27.1
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 0 1.7 0.0 1.8 13.6 18.2 63.5 0 0
MFN applied 2021 27.6 15.2 0 14.1 40.5 2.4 0.3 0 0.1
Imports 2020 22.6 32.7 0 25.2 15.2 2.0 2.3 0 4.6
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound
MFN applied 2021 71.8 23.5 0 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.9 2.7 3.0
II COUNTRY/TERRITORY
Imports
TARIFF PROFILES
Non-agricultural products
Final bound
MFN applied 2021 8.0 89.6 1.5 0.0 0.4 0.1 0 0.0 2.2
Imports
Non-agricultural products
1. Türkiye 2020 9 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
2. Japan 2020 4 1 1 0.4 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
3. Chinese Taipei 2020 1 5 5 1.7 0.4 0.0 72.2 93.2
4. United States of America 2020 0 4 6 0.5 0.1 0.0 88.9 98.3
5. Korea, Republic of 2020 0 4 4 3.0 0.2 0.0 55.6 95.9
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0.5 8.3 6.0 5.6 8.5 67.0 3.3 0.7 0.1
MFN applied 2021 29.3 9.7 15.5 37.1 1.2 3.8 2.6 0.7 0
Imports
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 4.6 3.9 20.4 6.1 3.2 61.3 0.2 0 0.2
MFN applied 2021 61.2 9.3 16.2 13.1 0 0.1 0.0 0 0.1
Imports
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0 1.3 0.3 17.7 5.9 38.0 36.0 0.7 6.7
MFN applied 2021 46.7 1.1 8.5 20.6 10.9 9.4 1.6 1.2 6.2
II COUNTRY/TERRITORY
Imports
TARIFF PROFILES
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 0 0.1 0 29.4 0.0 56.6 14.0 0 0.1
MFN applied 2021 81.3 0.3 5.7 8.5 3.3 0.8 0 0 0.2
Imports
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 3.6 3.4 2.1 90.9 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 7.4 7.1 57.2 14.5 13.2 0.7 0 0 0
Imports 2020 18.5 3.4 20.4 17.5 40.2 0.0 0 0 0
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 3.4 1.6 2.4 92.6 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 17.6 18.1 18.8 16.2 28.8 0.4 0 0 0
Imports 2020 38.8 19.8 16.4 12.8 11.7 0.6 0 0 0
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 97.8 2.2 0 0
MFN applied 2021 55.2 0 42.6 2.3 0 0 0 0 0
II COUNTRY/TERRITORY
Imports 2020 80.0 0 19.1 0.9 0 0 0 0 0
TARIFF PROFILES
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 2.1 0 0 0 0 97.9 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 70.6 0 18.2 11.2 0 0 0 0 0
Imports 2020 71.3 0 22.1 6.6 0 0 0 0 0
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0 2.8 5.3 0.7 8.5 81.7 1.1 0 0
MFN applied 2021 3.7 45.3 28.4 9.4 3.2 9.6 0.4 0 0
Imports 2020 18.4 27.7 32.4 5.0 0.7 15.5 0.3 0 0
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 2.2 0.0 8.2 0.3 26.4 24.7 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 14.3 48.2 23.6 12.2 1.0 0.7 0 0 0
Imports 2020 50.0 24.4 14.3 6.1 0.7 4.5 0 0 0
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 0.7 75.5 18.5 0.1 0 5.3 0
MFN applied 2021 23.4 70.9 0 0 0 0 4.3 0 0
II COUNTRY/TERRITORY
Imports 2020 46.1 51.5 0 0 0 0 2.4 0 0
TARIFF PROFILES
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 3.5 0.3 15.8 63.5 14.7 2.2 0 0.0 0
MFN applied 2021 8.4 91.3 0 0 0.1 0 0 0 0
Imports 2020 19.0 81.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 3.0 43.4 21.7 24.2 3.9 0.9 2.8 0.0 22.9
MFN applied 2021 10.3 39.7 20.1 22.5 4.5 1.1 1.8 0.0 24.0
Imports 2020 17.8 32.8 16.7 24.8 1.3 5.0 1.6 0.0 42.5
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 3.4 51.3 30.2 14.1 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.0
MFN applied 2021 16.7 42.8 29.2 10.4 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.9
Imports 2020 32.8 34.5 23.5 8.9 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.4
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 2.9 0.7 0.7 0.3 1.8 2.3 91.3 0 0
MFN applied 2021 15.5 0 16.2 0 64.5 0.8 3.0 0 0.9
II COUNTRY/TERRITORY
Imports 2020 2.8 0 15.7 0 36.4 16.1 29.0 0 27.2
TARIFF PROFILES
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 0.8 1.4 0.5 0.2 5.8 1.2 90.1 0 0
MFN applied 2021 43.3 0 20.2 0 35.9 0.4 0.0 0 0.8
Imports 2020 44.5 0 7.5 0 46.4 0.8 0.7 0 4.0
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 0.5 0 0 1.6 78.0 19.8 0
MFN applied 2020 38.6 19.3 1.3 7.0 16.1 17.5 0.3 0 1.9
Imports
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 94.3 0.7 0
MFN applied 2020 25.9 46.3 2.8 5.5 17.7 1.6 0.2 0 0
Imports
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 0.7 62.8 36.5 0
MFN applied 2021 28.5 22.7 1.5 3.6 12.0 31.0 0.7 0 0.4
II COUNTRY/TERRITORY
Imports 2019 28.0 7.2 0.8 1.0 35.4 23.3 4.4 0 2.9
TARIFF PROFILES
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 90.5 3.8 5.5 0
MFN applied 2021 43.9 25.9 3.0 4.0 17.9 5.0 0.2 0 0
Imports 2019 23.9 8.7 17.3 7.4 33.9 8.8 0.0 0 0
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 0.5 62.6 36.8 0
MFN applied 2021 11.2 40.3 1.7 4.1 14.2 27.8 0.8 0 0
Imports 2019 25.3 17.3 2.9 1.3 34.7 11.9 6.6 0 0
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 89.4 4.8 5.4 0
MFN applied 2021 8.3 63.1 3.5 4.0 17.7 3.4 0 0 0
Imports 2019 6.5 29.5 23.2 10.3 24.5 6.0 0 0 0
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0 0.5 4.6 17.2 32.3 44.3 0.8 0.3 3.4
MFN applied 2021 5.0 3.7 39.2 1.6 46.3 3.0 0.8 0.3 3.5
II COUNTRY/TERRITORY
Imports 2020 26.9 2.4 38.7 0.0 30.1 1.8 0.1 0 1.9
TARIFF PROFILES
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 0 0.3 4.8 44.2 28.9 21.8 0.0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 2.6 0.8 71.9 0.0 24.7 0.0 0 0 0
Imports 2020 33.0 0.8 54.4 0 11.8 0 0 0 0
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0.1 5.4 32.8 48.9 4.8 0.1 0 1.3 8.9
MFN applied 2021 22.5 55.7 4.0 4.2 4.6 0.1 0.2 1.1 9.8
Imports 2020 41.5 36.8 6.7 4.6 7.4 0.0 0.0 2.9 8.7
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 8.0 5.5 33.5 52.6 0.4 0 0 0 0.1
MFN applied 2021 8.5 76.2 4.8 9.6 0.4 0 0 0 0.4
Imports 2020 22.2 64.9 4.7 8.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.2
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 0 1.2 0 98.8 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 0 27.1 19.1 0 41.9 12.0 0 0 0
II COUNTRY/TERRITORY
Imports 2020 0 33.7 33.4 0 19.6 13.3 0 0 0
TARIFF PROFILES
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 0 0.0 0 100.0 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 2.0 40.4 21.4 0 35.8 0.4 0 0 0
Imports 2020 16.2 31.5 31.8 0 20.3 0.3 0 0 0
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound
MFN applied 2021 2.9 35.1 11.2 7.8 24.0 19.0 0 0 0.1
Imports 2020 0.1 17.3 12.2 10.3 22.2 37.8 0 0 1.1
Non-agricultural products
Final bound
MFN applied 2021 1.1 60.7 25.3 4.3 8.1 0.4 0 0 0
Imports 2020 1.4 65.5 19.8 6.9 6.3 0.1 0 0 0
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 29.3 0 19.4 0 47.6 2.5 0.0 1.2 0
MFN applied 2021 79.9 0.4 0.5 7.8 6.7 2.9 0.4 1.4 3.8
II COUNTRY/TERRITORY
Imports 2020 76.3 0.3 0.0 6.6 11.1 2.7 0.9 2.1 11.2
TARIFF PROFILES
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 49.8 0 26.4 0 23.6 0.0 0.0 0.1 0
MFN applied 2021 92.5 0.3 1.5 0.1 5.4 0.0 0.0 0.1 0
Imports 2020 83.6 0.4 0.6 0.3 15.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 98.9 1.1 0 0
MFN applied 2021 0 27.1 19.1 0 41.9 12.0 0 0 0
Imports
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 99.7 0.3 0 0
MFN applied 2021 2.0 40.4 21.4 0 35.8 0.4 0 0 0
Imports
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 4.0 0.1 92.5 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3 2.4 3.5
MFN applied 2021 99.9 0 0 0 0 0.0 0.1 0 0.1
II COUNTRY/TERRITORY
Imports 2020 98.7 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.8 0 1.3
TARIFF PROFILES
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 19.5 0 47.8 0 0 0 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 100.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Imports 2020 100.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0 2.7 7.6 2.0 0.4 1.1 80.5 5.7 3.3
MFN applied 2021 0.5 14.2 81.6 0.1 0.3 0.6 0.3 2.4 3.8
Imports
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 0 0.5 1.5 0.2 0.0 0.2 94.1 3.4 0.9
MFN applied 2021 0.5 18.3 80.8 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.3
Imports
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 22.5 2.5 1.6 1.5 9.9 36.4 22.5 2.9 0
MFN applied 2021 46.1 11.3 13.6 6.3 15.7 6.0 0.8 0.2 13.7
II COUNTRY/TERRITORY
Imports 2020 33.0 10.4 19.8 2.5 21.8 9.9 2.0 0.6 25.1
TARIFF PROFILES
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 12.8 5.0 22.1 20.0 19.1 13.8 0 0.0 0
MFN applied 2021 62.5 2.3 6.8 8.1 13.0 7.3 0 0.0 0.9
Imports 2020 67.6 7.2 3.9 3.6 12.9 4.9 0 0.0 6.6
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0 0.1 0 0.1 0.3 95.8 3.5 0.0 3.0
MFN applied 2021 18.8 0.4 7.3 59.7 6.3 4.0 1.2 2.3 23.4
Imports 2020 28.5 0.3 3.7 30.6 7.2 25.7 2.9 1.1 47.6
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 0.2 7.6 6.9 0.2 6.5 8.9 0.7 0 0.2
MFN applied 2021 70.3 0.1 6.8 22.5 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 2.4
Imports 2020 75.2 0.1 2.8 21.5 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 2.5
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound
MFN applied 2021 4.8 4.9 6.4 0 24.5 59.4 0 0 0.4
II COUNTRY/TERRITORY
Imports
TARIFF PROFILES
Non-agricultural products
Final bound
MFN applied 2021 8.5 21.2 21.5 0 14.2 34.5 0 0 1.6
Imports
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0.2 0 0.0 0.3 99.3 0 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 10.0 35.1 2.9 4.0 18.6 29.5 0 0 0
Imports 2019 6.6 13.3 8.9 1.4 43.2 26.6 0 0 0
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 1.4 4.8 0.3 0 6.3 2.9 0 0 0.1
MFN applied 2021 3.7 67.8 3.2 4.2 18.3 2.8 0 0 0
Imports 2019 2.0 53.1 13.3 9.1 17.0 5.7 0 0 0
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 21.7 23.6 9.4 4.4 6.7 9.2 12.3 12.6 78.3
MFN applied 2021 29.7 28.6 8.5 4.3 5.3 5.8 8.5 8.9 70.3
II COUNTRY/TERRITORY
Imports 2020 19.4 29.4 16.4 11.5 6.6 5.6 7.1 4.0 80.6
TARIFF PROFILES
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 22.3 67.6 7.0 1.5 0.9 0.3 0.0 0 77.4
MFN applied 2021 31.6 62.2 4.8 0.7 0.5 0.1 0 0 68.4
Imports 2020 61.0 34.9 3.7 0.2 0.1 0.1 0 0 39.0
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound
MFN applied 2020 0 37.0 25.4 0 21.2 16.4 0 0 0
Imports
Non-agricultural products
Final bound
MFN applied 2020 0 49.9 26.1 0 7.4 16.5 0.0 0.0 0.1
Imports
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 24.0 15.0 12.5 10.9 25.6 7.8 1.3 2.9 6.5
MFN applied 2021 25.2 14.3 12.9 11.3 24.8 7.9 1.4 2.2 6.3
II COUNTRY/TERRITORY
Imports 2020 34.1 13.1 21.0 7.7 16.1 6.3 0.9 0.8 11.7
TARIFF PROFILES
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 31.4 37.8 19.6 7.5 3.2 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.4
MFN applied 2021 32.2 38.5 17.7 7.3 3.7 0.5 0.0 0 0.3
Imports 2020 75.5 16.0 4.2 1.3 2.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0.8 37.3 23.3 31.4 6.0 0.8 0.3 0.3 3.0
MFN applied 2021 0.7 40.6 20.7 30.6 6.1 0.8 0.1 0.3 2.8
Imports 2020 0.1 69.5 11.1 13.1 5.2 1.1 0.0 0.0 5.3
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 14.4 25.8 43.5 9.1 6.5 0.6 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 13.0 26.7 43.9 9.4 6.5 0.5 0 0 0.2
Imports 2020 7.3 53.8 34.3 2.9 1.6 0.1 0 0 0
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 99.9 0
MFN applied 2021 14.1 0 15.9 0 55.8 10.8 3.1 0 1.1
II COUNTRY/TERRITORY
Imports 2020 7.0 0 30.2 0 20.0 31.9 1.5 0 10.0
TARIFF PROFILES
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.3 0
MFN applied 2021 41.5 0 19.7 0.1 37.9 0.8 0.0 0 1.3
Imports 2020 51.0 0 24.2 0.0 21.6 3.2 0.1 0 2.1
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 2.0 1.4 3.4 1.6 2.0 74.0 12.3 3.2 44.0
MFN applied 2021 12.3 10.3 4.2 0.1 7.8 47.6 11.0 2.6 27.9
Imports 2020 13.1 15.7 6.9 0.0 4.6 24.3 23.1 9.6 16.5
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 2.3 2.9 1.3 2.4 13.3 48.7 0.4 0.1 14.9
MFN applied 2021 40.9 22.3 16.7 0.1 5.0 14.4 0.5 0.1 6.4
Imports 2020 55.3 16.0 21.1 0.0 2.0 4.8 0.7 0.1 1.2
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound
MFN applied 2021 0 99.6 0.3 0 0 0 0 0 0.4
II COUNTRY/TERRITORY
Imports
TARIFF PROFILES
Non-agricultural products
Final bound
MFN applied 2021 0 99.1 0.3 0 0 0 0 0 1.0
Imports
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 0 99.9 0 0
MFN applied 2021 0 27.1 19.1 0 41.9 12.0 0 0 0
Imports 2020 0 17.4 33.5 0 36.5 12.7 0 0 0
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.8 0 0
MFN applied 2021 2.0 40.4 21.4 0 35.8 0.4 0 0 0
Imports 2020 10.5 33.7 28.3 0 25.6 1.8 0 0 0
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 0 16.3 83.7 0 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 47.2 0 4.0 45.1 3.7 0 0 0 0.1
II COUNTRY/TERRITORY
Imports
TARIFF PROFILES
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 0 53.1 46.9 0 0 0 0.0
MFN applied 2021 16.5 14.7 0.1 61.5 7.2 0 0 0 0.0
Imports
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 5.9 2.4 0.3 3.2 0 1.0 85.1 2.1 0
MFN applied 2021 41.9 3.6 2.1 5.2 12.8 31.6 2.9 0 2.1
Imports
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 0.8 0.6 0.9 1.6 0.5 84.3 11.3 0 0
MFN applied 2021 69.5 0.2 3.0 4.2 17.3 5.7 0.0 0 0.0
Imports
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 0 0 1.7 2.9 44.0 51.4 0
MFN applied
II COUNTRY/TERRITORY
Imports
TARIFF PROFILES
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 0 0 8.1 27.2 16.3 0.1 0
MFN applied
Imports
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0.0 3.2 3.5 5.6 20.4 26.1 22.2 19.0 0
MFN applied 2021 18.1 5.9 9.5 2.5 17.4 20.6 14.0 12.1 0.5
Imports 2020 33.1 2.7 13.0 4.6 11.1 32.4 1.0 2.1 0.1
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 3.3 3.7 4.1 11.4 11.1 8.5 0.8 0.0 0.1
MFN applied 2021 23.8 36.3 27.6 6.2 0.7 4.7 0.7 0 0.6
Imports 2020 38.4 35.9 22.2 1.8 1.5 0.2 0.0 0 0.0
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 4.9 95.0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 14.9 0 16.3 0 48.7 2.5 17.6 0 1.2
II COUNTRY/TERRITORY
Imports 2020 3.7 0 48.7 0 20.7 4.8 22.0 0 18.1
TARIFF PROFILES
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 2.8 0.4 0 0
MFN applied 2021 42.0 0 20.2 0 23.5 4.2 2.7 2.0 12.4
Imports 2020 39.3 0 15.7 0 38.2 4.3 0.2 0.4 3.4
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 12.2 19.7 26.7 16.6 23.9 0.9 0 0 1.0
MFN applied 2021 21.4 22.3 25.0 13.2 17.0 1.1 0 0 1.1
Imports 2020 34.6 19.9 31.0 10.5 3.1 0.8 0 0 9.8
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 34.0 17.9 41.9 5.6 0.6 0 0 0 0.0
MFN applied 2021 44.3 28.3 22.0 5.2 0.3 0 0 0 0
Imports 2020 55.7 16.5 25.9 1.8 0.2 0 0 0 0
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 0 94.3 0 0 0 5.7 0
MFN applied 2021 23.4 67.9 0 0 0 0 0.3 1.0 8.7
II COUNTRY/TERRITORY
Imports 2020 33.2 55.4 0 0 0 0 7.7 0 3.6
TARIFF PROFILES
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 3.6 0.3 22.3 73.8 0 0 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 8.4 91.3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.3
Imports 2020 42.8 57.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 30.4 10.0 18.4 13.5 10.8 10.9 3.4 0.5 33.2
MFN applied 2021 39.5 9.5 18.8 10.0 10.2 8.6 2.7 0.1 26.4
Imports 2020 14.7 9.8 30.1 12.7 11.0 12.2 4.5 0.0 40.5
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 29.7 33.3 28.0 7.4 1.5 0.1 0 0 0.5
MFN applied 2021 54.6 18.2 19.1 6.6 1.4 0 0 0 0.3
Imports 2020 52.0 24.4 17.1 5.2 1.2 0.0 0 0 0.3
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 30.7 45.4 11.9 4.5 2.9 1.4 0.2 0.4 42.0
MFN applied 2021 30.6 46.1 12.1 4.8 2.9 1.6 0.3 0.8 41.7
II COUNTRY/TERRITORY
Imports 2020 35.4 42.1 15.5 3.2 2.5 1.2 0.0 0.1 39.1
TARIFF PROFILES
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 49.8 25.0 16.7 4.7 1.8 0.5 0.0 0 3.2
MFN applied 2021 50.0 25.3 16.6 4.6 1.8 0.4 0.0 0 3.1
Imports 2020 58.7 29.7 6.9 0.9 3.0 0.8 0.0 0 5.7
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 0.7 3.1 6.5 85.3 4.4 0 0
MFN applied 2021 8.6 7.3 56.3 13.3 13.5 1.0 0 0 0
Imports 2020 10.1 1.5 41.2 22.1 21.7 3.3 0 0 0
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 0.0 1.7 24.8 73.4 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 15.8 19.2 12.6 16.4 35.6 0.3 0 0 0
Imports 2020 31.9 13.2 10.5 9.1 34.7 0.6 0 0 0
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound
MFN applied 2021 29.4 14.2 19.2 4.7 24.5 6.9 0.9 0.1 21.0
II COUNTRY/TERRITORY
Imports 2020 52.3 12.5 10.6 4.1 11.3 9.1 0.2 0.0 14.5
TARIFF PROFILES
Non-agricultural products
Final bound
MFN applied 2021 46.9 21.0 14.9 4.8 9.4 2.3 0.1 0.3 9.0
Imports 2020 56.4 19.4 13.7 2.5 3.1 2.0 0.0 0.0 7.1
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0.1 0 0 0.5 0.2 81.5 17.6 0.1 0
MFN applied 2021 10.8 20.8 13.5 8.6 17.3 27.6 1.3 0 0
Imports
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 3.9 0.1 0 0.2 0.8 84.9 10.1 0 0
MFN applied 2021 28.7 24.4 16.6 25.2 3.3 1.3 0.4 0 0
Imports
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 0.4 0.4 7.9 63.1 13.0 14.8 0.4
MFN applied 2021 6.2 6.6 44.6 17.2 18.6 6.8 0 0 0
II COUNTRY/TERRITORY
Imports
TARIFF PROFILES
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 0.2 0.8 6.5 92.6 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 4.7 15.3 13.0 28.3 25.8 12.8 0 0 0
Imports
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 8.6 17.1 19.2 8.9 20.2 23.1 2.7 0.3 0
MFN applied 2021 15.0 18.1 14.7 10.3 17.4 22.4 1.8 0.3 0
Imports 2020 30.8 27.5 7.2 9.3 7.0 14.2 4.1 0.0 0
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 14.8 33.8 13.2 13.8 19.8 4.1 0.5 0.0 0.0
MFN applied 2021 38.6 19.7 7.2 12.7 17.6 3.7 0.4 0 0.2
Imports 2020 61.4 12.5 7.6 10.6 6.1 1.0 0.2 0 0.6
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 4.4 7.8 51.5 24.4 4.5 0 7.5
MFN applied
II COUNTRY/TERRITORY
Imports
TARIFF PROFILES
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 0.1 2.4 5.2 3.0 80.6 8.8 0 0 0.1
MFN applied
Imports
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 2.5 0.1 97.2 0
MFN applied 2021 2.4 17.9 0.5 19.4 54.5 4.9 0 0.1 7.3
Imports 2020 23.9 15.5 0 11.5 38.0 11.0 0 0 15.4
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 3.6 0.5 0.1 0
MFN applied 2021 26.3 11.0 3.9 27.1 24.5 6.9 0 0 3.2
Imports 2020 45.8 7.0 4.8 18.9 18.3 4.4 0 0 4.5
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Agricultural products
Final bound 1.1 3.0 0.1 0 2.2 0 0 93.4 2.6
II COUNTRY/TERRITORY
MFN applied 2021 4.9 22.5 18.5 3.3 3.5 40.7 3.7 2.8 10.3
Imports 2020 41.7 20.8 8.7 13.8 8.4 3.9 2.5 0.3 1.8
TARIFF PROFILES
Non-agricultural products
Final bound 3.3 3.5 1.8 0.8 1.9 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.2
MFN applied 2021 11.0 41.0 13.8 7.9 6.9 11.3 7.2 0.7 8.4
Imports 2020 21.7 30.2 15.7 15.7 8.6 5.1 2.1 0.8 2.6
198
1. Introduction 201
199
1. Introduction
Non-tariff measures (NTMs) are becoming more and more relevant in
their influence on global trade patterns as the reductions in tariff rates
over several rounds of multilateral tariff negotiations have diminished the
impact of tariffs. There is no officially agreed definition of NTMs. However,
a widely accepted definition is the one from the Group of Eminent Persons
on Non-Tariff Barriers: “NTMs are policy measures, other than [ordinary]
customs tariffs, that can potentially have an economic effect on international
trade in goods, changing quantities traded, or prices or both”.1
The definition of NTMs does not judge legitimacy, adequacy, necessity or
the discriminatory nature of any form of policy intervention. Furthermore, the
concept of NTMs is neutral and does not imply a negative or positive impact on
trade. The existence of a NTM on a specific product in a given country per se,
vis-à-vis non-existence of NTM in another country, would not mean the former
has a more restrictive trade regime. It would depend on the nature, substance
and application of the measure. Some NTMs might have a positive impact
no trade, though many NTMs are thought to have important restrictive and/or
distortionary effects on international trade regardless of whether they are applied
with protectionist intent or to address important non-trade objectives. NTMs
include technical requirements in the area of Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS)
measures and Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) that intend to protect health or
safety, or provide environmental protection. A NTM is a mandatory requirement
enacted by an official law or regulation. Voluntary measures or private or voluntary
III
standards are not included. Thus, international standards, such as ISO or Codex
NON-TARIFF MEASURES
Alimentarius standards, are not considered a NTM unless adopted and made
part of the national legislation in a country. Procedural obstacles to trade, i.e.
practical challenges and processes that make compliance with the measures
difficult, are also not considered as NTMs per se. Procedural obstacles are issues
related to the process of application of a NTM, rather than the measure itself.
1. Non-Tariff Measures: Evidence from Selected Developing Countries and Future Research
Agenda, UNCTAD/DITC/TAB/2009/3, United Nations 2010.
From
1 January to
Number of final measures implemented by
31 December Implemented
the country as importer in 2021
2021
Final
measures
Actions
Withdrawn/ Number of final measures withdrawn or revoked
taken as
Revoked by the country as importer in 2021
importer
III
or partially) by products on which final measures by the
(Number of
importing country were in force as of 31 December 2021
NON-TARIFF MEASURES
HS 6‑digit)
From
1 January to Number of final measures implemented on
31 December Implemented
products exported by the country in 2021
2021
Final
measures
Actions
Withdrawn/ Number of final measures on products exported
faced as
Revoked by the country withdrawn or revoked in 2021
exporter
Note:
All members submitting semi-annual reports of anti-dumping actions are listed individually. Where listed members take action on a customs-union-wide
basis, the figures on numbers of actions are shown for the WTO member in which the investigating authority is physically located. As indicated below, to
avoid multiple-counting, the rows for the other reporting customs union members are left blank.
8. All anti-dumping actions notified by the European Union (EU) operate across the EU, i.e., in respect of EU member states, which do not notify individually.
III
1 1 2 Cambodia
NON-TARIFF MEASURES
8 22 Canada
5 10 Chile
46 65 44 680 1085 China
1 1 3 28 Colombia
1 5 Costa Rica
1 1 4 Croatia
1 1 2 7 Czech Republic
1 3 6 Denmark
Dominican Republic
4 1 8 40 Egypt
El Salvador
4 4 4 35 156 European Union
5 9 Finland
3 2 11 41 France
2 1 1 Georgia
3 5 1 28 74 Germany
1 5 10 Greece
3 8 Hong Kong, China
1 1 1 Iceland
7 11 2 96 221 India
5 13 2 66 287 Indonesia
1 10 71 Iran
1 Ireland
1 2 2 5 Israel
1 4 1 21 78 Italy
9. All anti-dumping actions notified by the Russian Federation operate across the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), i.e., also in respect of Armenia,
Kyrgyz Republic, Kazakhstan, and Belarus (non-WTO Member). EAEU actions taken as importer are displayed under Russian Federation.
10. All anti-dumping actions notified by the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) operate across the GCC, i.e., in respect of Kingdom of Bahrain; the State
of Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, which do not notify individually. GCC actions taken as importer are
displayed under Saudi Arabia.
11. All anti-dumping actions notified by South Africa operate across the South African Customs Union (SACU), i.e., also in respect of Botswana,
Eswatini, Lesotho, and Namibia. SACU actions taken as importer are displayed under South Africa.
III
2 1 1 6 38 Netherlands
NON-TARIFF MEASURES
New Zealand
4 1 10 19 Oman
1 7 45 Pakistan
1 2 2 Peru
3 4 4 Philippines
2 5 17 Poland
3 10 Portugal
1 1 1 Qatar
1 7 29 Romania
10 7 6 54 135 Russian Federation
2 5 2 9 39 Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of
2 3 7 Serbia
2 1 2 14 38 Singapore
1 3 16 Slovak Republic
1 1 4 Slovenia
1 2 4 20 50 South Africa
3 5 21 56 Spain
1 1 3 3 Sri Lanka
6 13 Sweden
1 4 Switzerland
7 9 6 95 202 Chinese Taipei
III
NON-TARIFF MEASURES
Total number of measures Total number of final measures in the product group
QUAD Final measures of Canada, EU, Japan or the United States as importers
Final measures
Final measures of G-20 members excluding QUAD – as importers:
in effect as of
G-20 (excluding Argentina, Australia, Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Republic of Korea,
31 December 2021
QUAD) Mexico, Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Türkiye and
in the country
the United Kingdom
group as importer
Final measures
in effect as of Final measures affecting G-20 members excluding QUAD – as exporters:
31 December 2021 G-20 (excluding Argentina, Australia, Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Republic of Korea,
on the country QUAD) Mexico, Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Türkiye and
group as exporter the United Kingdom
Animal products 6 6 2 2 2
Dairy products
Coffee, tea 1 1 1
Cotton
III
Other agricultural products 11 2 5 4 1 6 4
NON-TARIFF MEASURES
Fish and fish products 5 5 2 3
Petroleum 2 1 1 2
Textiles 128 28 84 16 2 83 43
Clothing 5 5 2 3
Non-electrical machinery 64 24 35 5 1 49 14
Electrical machinery 66 26 35 5 1 52 13
Transport equipment 36 12 24 33 3
Manufactures n.e.s. 56 13 38 5 5 47 4
Total number of measures Total number of final measures affecting products in a given HS Heading
QUAD Final measures of Canada, EU, Japan or the United States as importers
Final measures
Final measures of G-20 members excluding QUAD – as importers:
in effect as of
G-20 (excluding Argentina, Australia, Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Republic of Korea,
31 December 2021
QUAD) Mexico, Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Türkiye and
in the country
the United Kingdom
group as importer
Final measures
in effect as of Final measures affecting G-20 members excluding QUAD – as exporters:
31 December 2021 G-20 (excluding Argentina, Australia, Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Republic of Korea,
against the country QUAD) Mexico, Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Türkiye and
group as exporter the United Kingdom
III
circular cross-sections and an external diameter of > 406,4 mm)
NON-TARIFF MEASURES
Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel, of a width of
< 600 mm, hot-rolled or cold-rolled “cold-reduced”, clad, plated 7212 88 50 16 22 5 59 24
or coated
Tubes, pipes and hollow profiles, seamless, of iron or steel
7304 64 38 22 4 5 38 21
(excl. products of cast iron)
Bars and rods, of iron or non-alloy steel, not further worked than
forged, hot-rolled, hot-drawn or hot-extruded, but incl. those 7214 63 45 5 13 3 31 29
twisted after rolling (excl. in irregularly wound coils)
Bars and rods of iron or non-alloy steel, hot-rolled, in irregularly
7213 61 39 11 11 2 29 30
wound coils
Other bars and rods of alloy steel other than stainless, angles,
shapes and sections of alloy steel other than stainless, n.e.s.; 7228 59 28 18 13 4 31 24
hollow drill bars and rods, of alloy or non-alloy steel
Bars and rods of alloy steel other than stainless, hot-rolled, in
7227 55 36 10 9 2 26 27
irregularly wound coils
New pneumatic tyres, of rubber 4011 45 7 35 3 1 25 19
Flat-rolled products of stainless steel, of a width of ≥ 600 mm,
7219 45 15 13 17 6 24 15
hot‑rolled or cold-rolled “cold-reduced”
Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel, of a width of
7209 42 11 13 18 5 26 11
≥ 600 mm, cold-rolled “cold-reduced”, not clad, plated or coated
Tube or pipe fittings “e.g. couplings, elbows, sleeves”, of iron
7307 42 31 11 1 27 14
or steel
Plates, sheets, film, foil and strip, of non-cellular plastics, not
reinforced, laminated, supported or similarly combined with other
materials, without backing, unworked or merely surface-worked 3920 40 8 28 4 19 21
or merely cut into squares or rectangles (excl. self-adhesive
products, and floor, wall and ceiling coverings of heading 3918)
Bars and rods, of iron or non-alloy steel, cold-formed or cold-
finished, whether or not further worked, or hot-formed and further 7215 40 37 2 1 4 20 16
worked, n.e.s.
Stranded wire, ropes, cables, plaited bands, slings and the like,
of iron or steel (excl. electrically insulated products and twisted 7312 40 24 11 5 1 23 16
fencing wire and barbed wire)
Flat-rolled products of stainless steel, of a width of < 600 mm,
7220 38 15 12 11 5 20 13
hot‑rolled or cold-rolled “cold-reduced”
Dumping and subsidies — together Dumping is an action by a company. product coverage in terms of HS-6
with anti-dumping (AD) measures With subsidies, it is the government or digit codes. It also lists by country how
and countervailing duties (CVD) — a government agency that acts, either many new investigations have been
share a number of similarities. The by paying out subsidies directly or initiated, how many final measures
reaction to dumping and subsidies is by requiring companies to subsidize have been put into effect and how
often a special offsetting import tax certain customers. Countervailing duty many measures were withdrawn.
(countervailing duty in the case of a (the parallel of anti-dumping duty) can
only be charged after the importing Tables 2.2.2 and 2.2.3 show more
subsidy). This is charged on products
country has conducted a detailed specifically which product groups
from specific countries and therefore it
investigation similar to that required have been subject to final CVD
breaks the GATT principles of binding
for anti-dumping action.12 Data on measures.14 In Table 2.2.2 the product
a tariff and treating trading partners
countervailing (CVD) measures drawn categories follow the groupings
equally (MFN). The agreements provide
from WTO members’ notifications used in this publication in Part A.2
an escape clause, but they both also
are available in the Integrated Trade of the tariff profiles whereas in
say that before imposing a duty, the
Intelligence Portal and are the Table 2.2.3 more detailed HS 4-digit
importing country must conduct a
basis for the data shown here.13 headings are used to show in detail
detailed investigation that shows that
which products are most frequently
domestic industry is hurt. But there Table 2.2.1 gives an overview of the
subject to final CVD measures.15
are also fundamental differences, and (stock of) measures in effect as of
these are reflected in the agreements. 31 December 2021. It indicates the
12. https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/scm_e/scm_e.htm
13. See http://i-tip.wto.org
14. Please note that the sum of measures in Table 2.2.2 is higher than the sum of measures in Table 2.2.1. This is due to the fact that a number of
individual measures cover products which fall in more than one product group. Therefore a single measure may be listed more than once in Table
2.2.2 as well as in Table 2.2.3.
15. The choice of the G-20 country grouping was made to align this report with the grouping chosen for the WTO trade monitoring reports.
From
1 January to
Number of final measures implemented by
31 December Implemented
the country as importer in 2021
2021
Final
measures
Actions
Withdrawn/ Number of final measures withdrawn or revoked
taken as
Revoked by the country as importer in 2021
importer
III
or partially) by products on which final measures by the
(Number of
importing country were in force as of 31 December 2021
NON-TARIFF MEASURES
HS 6‑digit)
From
1 January to Number of final measures implemented on
31 December Implemented
products exported by the country in 2021
2021
Final
measures
Actions
Withdrawn/ Number of final measures on products exported
faced as
Revoked by the country withdrawn or revoked in 2021
exporter
Note:
All members submitting semi-annual reports of countervailing duty actions are listed individually. Where listed members take action on
a customs‑union‑wide basis, the figures on numbers of actions are shown for the WTO member in which the investigating authority is physically
located. As indicated below, to avoid multiple-counting, the rows for the other reporting customs union members are left blank.
Argentina
Australia 1 2 13 23
Bahrain, Kingdom of
Brazil 2 3 33
Canada 1 4 33 95
China 1 7 7
Colombia 1 1
Egypt
European Union16 3 1 19 58
Germany
India 2 1 12 39
Indonesia
Iran
Italy
Kazakhstan
Korea, Republic of
Malaysia
Mexico 3 2
Morocco
Oman
Peru 1 2 2
Russian Federation
South Africa
Spain
Chinese Taipei 5 52
Thailand
Türkiye 1 3
Ukraine 1
United Kingdom 12 43
Viet Nam 1 1 5
16. All countervailing duty actions notified by the European Union (EU) operate across the EU, i.e., in respect of EU member states, which do not
notify individually.
4 6 Argentina
1 2 Australia
1 1 4 Bahrain, Kingdom of
4 56 Brazil
2 10 Canada
Colombia
3 7 Egypt
2 4 European Union
1 1 6 Germany
3 4 44 162 India
III
2 9 58 Indonesia
NON-TARIFF MEASURES
2 1 Iran
1 4 34 Italy
1 1 1 Kazakhstan
1 1 9 92 Korea, Republic of
1 3 5 19 Malaysia
1 2 8 Mexico
1 1 7 Morocco
1 1 2 Oman
Peru
3 2 1 2 12 Russian Federation
1 7 South Africa
1 1 Spain
1 6 Chinese Taipei
1 3 37 Thailand
3 17 60 Türkiye
Ukraine
2 2 4 United Kingdom
2 11 43 Viet Nam
Total number of measures Total number of final measures in the product group
QUAD Final measures of Canada, EU, Japan or the United States as importers
Final measures
Final measures of G-20 members excluding QUAD – as importers:
in effect as of
G-20 (excluding Argentina, Australia, Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Republic of Korea,
31 December 2021
QUAD) Mexico, Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Türkiye and
in the country
the United Kingdom
group as importer
Final measures
in effect as of Final measures affecting G-20 members excluding QUAD – as exporters:
31 December 2021 G-20 (excluding Argentina, Australia, Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Republic of Korea,
on the country QUAD) Mexico, Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Türkiye and
group as exporter the United Kingdom
Animal products
Dairy products
Coffee, tea
Cotton
III
Fish and fish products 2 1 1 2
NON-TARIFF MEASURES
Minerals and metals 165 134 26 5 1 139 25
Petroleum 6 3 3 2 4
Chemicals 47 30 15 2 5 39 3
Textiles 17 14 3 13 4
Clothing
Non-electrical machinery 13 13 11 2
Electrical machinery 15 14 1 1 12 2
Transport equipment 8 7 1 8
Manufactures n.e.s. 5 5 4 1
Total number of measures Total number of final measures affecting products in a given HS Heading
QUAD Final measures of Canada, EU, Japan or the United States as importers
Final measures
Final measures of G-20 members excluding QUAD – as importers:
in effect as of
G-20 Argentina, Australia, Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Republic of Korea,
31 December 2021
(excluding QUAD) Mexico, Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Türkiye and
in the country
the United Kingdom
group as importer
Final measures
in effect as of Final measures affecting G-20 members excluding QUAD – as exporters:
31 December 2021 G-20 Argentina, Australia, Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Republic of Korea,
against the country (excluding QUAD) Mexico, Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Türkiye and
group as exporter the United Kingdom
III
seamless tubes and pipes and tubes having internal and external
circular cross-sections and an external diameter of > 406,4 mm)
NON-TARIFF MEASURES
Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel, of a width ≥ 600 mm,
7208 15 12 1 2 14 1
hot-rolled, not clad, plated or coated
Bars and rods, of iron or non-alloy steel, cold-formed or cold-
finished, whether or not further worked, or hot-formed and further 7215 13 13 12 1
worked, n.e.s.
Other bars and rods of alloy steel other than stainless, angles,
shapes and sections of alloy steel other than stainless, n.e.s.; 7228 13 13 12 1
hollow drill bars and rods, of alloy or non-alloy steel
Tubes, pipes and hollow profiles, seamless, of iron or steel (excl.
7304 11 11 11
products of cast iron)
Structures and parts of structures “e.g., bridges and bridge-
sections, lock-gates, towers, lattice masts, roofs, roofing
frameworks, doors and windows and their frames and thresholds
for doors, shutters, balustrades, pillars and columns”, of iron or 7308 11 11 1 8 2
steel; plates, rods, angles, shapes, sections, tubes and the like,
prepared for use in structures, of iron or steel (excl. prefabricated
buildings of heading 9406)
Wire of alloy steel other than stainless, in coils (excl. bars and rods) 7229 10 10 9 1
Tubes and pipes, having circular cross-sections and an external
diameter of > 406,4 mm, of flat-rolled products of iron or steel 7305 10 10 10
“e.g., welded, riveted or similarly closed”
Articles of iron or steel, n.e.s. (excl. cast articles) 7326 10 9 1 7 3
Prepared binders for foundry moulds or cores; chemical products
and preparations for the chemical or allied industries, incl. mixtures 3824 9 5 4 3 6
of natural products, n.e.s.
New pneumatic tyres, of rubber 4011 8 6 1 1 7 1
Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel, of a width of
7209 8 7 1 7 1
≥ 600 mm, cold-rolled “cold-reduced”, not clad, plated or coated
Bars and rods, of iron or non-alloy steel, not further worked than
forged, hot-rolled, hot-drawn or hot-extruded, but incl. those 7214 8 8 8
twisted after rolling (excl. in irregularly wound coils)
Wire of iron or non-alloy steel, in coils (excl. bars and rods) 7217 8 8 7 1
Biodiesel and mixtures thereof, not containing or containing
< 70% by weight of petroleum oils or oils obtained from 3826 7 4 3 7
bituminous minerals
A WTO member may restrict imports of if there were 5 countries exporting a Table 2.3.1 gives an overview of the
a product temporarily (take “safeguard” specific product into a country, and (stock of) measures in effect as of
actions) if its domestic industry is that country imposed a safeguard 31 December 2021. It indicates the
injured or threatened with injury caused measure on this product, this safeguard product coverage in terms of HS-6
by a surge in imports. Here, the injury measure affects five countries, In this digit codes. It also lists by country
has to be serious. An import “surge” sense, care should be taken when how many new investigations have
justifying safeguard action can be a comparing the number of measures in, been initiated and how many final
real increase in imports (an absolute for example anti-dumping, where one measures have been put into effect.
increase); or it can be an increase in anti-dumping measure affects only one
the imports’ share of a shrinking market, exporting country. The WTO agreement Tables 2.3.2 and 2.3.3 show more
even if the import quantity has not sets out requirements for safeguard specifically which product groups
increased (relative increase). Industries investigations by national authorities. have been subject to final Safeguard
or companies may request safeguard The emphasis is on transparency measures.19 In table 2.3.2 the product
action by their government. After a and on following established rules categories follow the groupings used
proper investigation, a government and practices — avoiding arbitrary in this publication in Part A.2 of the
can, if the necessary conditions as methods.17 Data on safeguard tariff profiles whereas in table 2.3.3
above are met, restrict imports of actions drawn from WTO members’ more detailed HS chapters are used
the product from all sources (but not notifications are available in the to show in detail which particular
from a specific member or group of Integrated Trade Intelligence Portal and products are most frequently subject
members). This means that, for example, are the basis for the data shown here.18 to final safeguard measures.20
Egypt 1 2 16
Indonesia 1 5 12 274
Madagascar 3 11
Morocco 1 1 6 73
Philippines 1 2
South Africa 1 4 23
Tunisia 1
Türkiye 1 1 5 11
Ukraine 3 1 4 5
III
United Kingdom 1 1 109
NON-TARIFF MEASURES
United States of America 2 7
Viet Nam 2 16
21. Gulf Cooperation Council member states include Kingdom of Bahrain; the State of Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
and the United Arab Emirates.
Same product groups as used in the country tables of Part II of this publication;
Product group
for a definition see the technical notes of Part II
Total number of measures Total number of final measures in the product group
Final measures
Final measures of G-20 members excluding QUAD: Argentina, Australia,
in effect as of G-20 (excluding
Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Republic of Korea, Mexico, Russian
31 December 2021 QUAD)
Federation, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Türkiye and the United Kingdom
in the country group
Animal products
Dairy products
Coffee, tea
Cotton
III
Minerals and metals 19 1 8 10
NON-TARIFF MEASURES
Petroleum
Chemicals 7 4 3
Textiles 8 6 2
Clothing 1 1
Non-electrical machinery 2 1 1
Electrical machinery 1 1
Transport equipment
Manufactures n.e.s. 1 1
These are product groups of the Harmonized System at the HS chapter level.
Product group/HS chapter
They are ranked according to the number of total final measures in effect.
Total number of measures Total number of final measures affecting products in a given HS chapter
III
Miscellaneous chemical products 38 2 2
NON-TARIFF MEASURES
Sugars and sugar confectionery 17 2 1 1
Ceramic products 69 1 1
Cotton 52 1 1
228
1. Preferential rules of origin in international trade
Annex 235
Annex 245
229
1. Preferential rules of origin in international trade
1.1. Introduction
Over the last two decades, there has medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs), Business responses showed that
been a proliferation in the number of do not take advantage of preferential the complexity of rules of origin
preferential trade agreements (PTAs),1 tariffs. This is for a number of reasons: leads to procedural obstacles that
with the number in force exceeding 1) lack of information and arise during their implementation.
500 as of 2022.2 Governments view awareness among companies Rules of origin are needed to
them as a channel to foster economic about existing trade agreements; attribute one country of origin to
integration and to promote regional
2) inability to check whether each product. They are the criteria
value chains. A key objective of these
the product is covered by used to define where a product
agreements is to reduce tariff and
preferential tariffs and what was made and are important for
non-tariff barriers imposed on exports
origin criteria apply; implementing preferential tariffs.
from other parties to the agreement.
3) lack of knowledge of the Section II provides an overview of the
In the case of preferential trade accompanying origin provisions; new data initiative jointly undertaken by
arrangements, governments
4) lack of knowledge or the International Trade Centre (ITC) in
grant preferential tariffs to least
inability to comply with collaboration with the World Customs
developed and developing countries
certification provisions. Organization (WCO) and the WTO
on a non-reciprocal basis to help
to enhance transparency on product-
these countries achieve economic ITC business surveys on non-tariff
specific rules of origin. Sections III
development through trade. measures conducted in 38 developing
and IV elaborate on data collection
countries3 found rules of origin among
Savings as a result of preferential tariffs methodology and provide statistical
the top trade obstacles highlighted
is one of the most direct and tangible insights from the constructed database.
by manufacturing businesses,
benefits from PTAs. However, many Section V provides conclusions.
along with conformity assessments.
traders, particularly micro, small and
Consistent with its mission of coverage includes rules of origin including legal documentation such
increasing transparency in trade, ITC in preferential schemes for imports as specimen of certificates of origin.
has collaborated with the WCO and originating in least developed
Consultations are underway to expand
the WTO to build a comprehensive countries based on the notifications
the Rules of Origin Facilitator database
database on rules of origin for all active received by the WTO Secretariat.
to non-preferential rules of origin,
trade agreements in the world. This
The database and online application which are related to MFN treatment,
initiative has resulted in a database
address information gaps and application of trade remedies,
accessible via a free online tool,
challenges of using preferential tariffs. tariff rate quotas, government
the Rules of Origin Facilitator.4 As
The Rules of Origin Facilitator allows procurement, labeling and marking,
of June 2022, the database covers
users to identify available preferential and other non-tariff measures such
product-specific rules of origin in
programmes and preferential margins, as embargoes and sanitary and
484 trade agreements,5 mapped
the product-specific origin criterion, phytosanitary (SPS) measures.
with the preferential tariff rates. The
and origin and certification provisions,
1 Throughout this chapter, ‘preferential trade agreements’ and ‘trade agreements’ are used to denote all regional trade agreements, such as the EU-
Japan and Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), and non-reciprocal preferential trade arrangements, such as the Generalized
Systems of Preferences (GSP).
2 Based on the database of trade agreements available at http://findrulesoforigin.org/home/agreements accessed on 1 June 2022.
3 For details on each survey, see https://ntmsurvey.org.
4 Accessible for free and without registration at http://findrulesoforigin.org.
5 List of PTAs for which rules of origin are already available in the tool can be viewed in Agreement list after toggling on “RoO available”, http://
findrulesoforigin.org/home/agreements
Preferential origin criteria define at are in line with Standard 2 in Annex that hosts the substantial processing
which point the product acquires K of the RKC. According to this that gives it an essential character.
the origin of the country where it standard, goods ‘wholly produced
There are several ways to identify
undergoes the last economically in a given country’ will be covered in
the fulfillment of the ‘substantial
significant processing. These rules are exhaustive lists. However, in the case
transformation’ criterion. These include
subject to negotiation by PTA parties. of ‘substantial transformation’ criterion,
rules that are based on: (i) the change
They can differ from one product to ‘origin is determined by regarding as
in tariff classification, (ii) the ad valorem
another and take various forms. the country of origin the country where
percentage, or (iii) the list of specific
the last substantial manufacturing
The Revised Kyoto Convention (RKC) manufacturing or processing
or processing, deemed sufficient
of the WCO defines two main criteria operations. These three methods are
to give a commodity its essential
of origin determination: the ‘wholly interchangeable, with each having
character, has been carried out.’6 In
obtained or produced’ criterion and the certain positive and negative sides from
other words, if a product is made up
‘substantial transformation’ criterion. a business perspective. They can be
of inputs from several countries, it
applied separately or in combination.
With occasional deviations, origin obtains originating status in the country
criteria in most trade agreements
IV SPECIAL TOPICS
Note: “Presence” means % of presence of the type in origin criteria across all 3 million (PTA x HS6) combinations (as of June 2022).
1.4. O
rigin and certification provisions
IV SPECIAL TOPICS
on Preferential Rules of Origin of • Fungible materials • Supporting documents
the WCO8 as the methodological • Third party invoicing
• Sets
basis, information on the following
• Exhibitions • Verifications
16 regime-wide origin provisions9
has been extracted and coded:10 • Penalties
In addition to origin provisions, trade
• Cumulation agreements contain a number of • Advance rulings
• De minimis provisions related to certification of • Minor errors
origin. Based on WCO’s Comparative • Appeals
• Roll up
Study and origin literature, the following
• Duty drawback 14 provisions are extracted and The dataset of origin and certification
• Outward processing coded for each trade agreement: provisions in 484 PTAs reveals signs of
divergence. As an illustration, the value
• Accessories, spare parts and tools • Certification
for de minimis provision11 ranges from
• Wholly obtained products • Exemption of certification 5% to 20% (see Table A1 in the Annex).
• Non-qualifying operations • Approved exporter The most common value is 10% which
7 The additional notes and input lists are captured in the Rules of Origin Facilitator database and are offered to the user as part of the core functionality
of the tool.
8 The latest version, for 2020, can be found at http://www.wcoomd.org/en/media/newsroom/2020/june/wco-publishes-updated-version-of-the-
comparative-study-on-certification-of-origin.aspx.
9 Definition of each provision can be found at https://findrulesoforigin.org/home/help.
10 Texts of relevant articles have been mapped with key provisions and are available for display as part of the database.
11 De minimis is a provision commonly found in rules of origin. It aims to add certain flexibility to the main origin criteria by allowing a tolerance on
non-originating materials not fulfilling the origin criteria. For more details, see https://findrulesoforigin.org/en/glossary?id=XkZ1hBMAACIAuZp-
&returnto=gloscenter.
occurs in almost half of PTAs (223). thresholds (weight for textiles, value criteria, which are typically not covered
A third of PTAs (172) do not include for other goods) or separate non- by de minimis provisions. These extra
de minimis provision in their texts. percentage de minimis rules for certain layers of complexity pose challenges
types of goods, typically textiles. for cross-cutting restrictiveness
A higher value of de minimis in general
In several PTAs, certain goods are analyses of rules of origin.
is considered trade facilitating.
excluded from de minimis provision.
However, the provision has an extra A map of general origin and certification
Finally, some of the 172 PTAs that
layer of complexity in many PTAs by provisions is presented in Figure 2.
do not include de minimis provision
having various bases for de minimis
rely solely on ad valorem percentage
1.5. Conclusions
As an area of rule-making that is highly crucial data insights into different The insights from the new database
technical and complex, preferential rules aspects of preferential rules of origin. It are particularly useful for policy-makers
of origin are among the main factors permits more specific categorization of and researchers. They are useful
hindering the utilization of preferential origin criteria and offers more precise inputs for policy discussions when it
tariffs under trade agreements. statistics about the frequency of each comes to the design of rules of origin
The Rules of Origin Facilitator category. In addition, it documents in PTA negotiations. They are also
provides direct benefits to MSMEs for the first time origin provisions in expected to support economic studies
by enhancing their understanding over 484 agreements. This helps to aiming to explain under-utilization of
and application of rules of origin. illustrate their distribution and to extract, preferential tariffs and to estimate the
where applicable, the key attributes. restrictiveness of rules of origin.
Delving into the global database of
product-specific rules of origin provides
IV SPECIAL TOPICS
EFTA-Panama (CACM); EHP, Peru-Thailand; EPA, China-Hong Kong; EPA,
Japan-Mexico; EPA, Japan-Peru; EPA, UK-Cameroon; EU-Türkiye (agriculture);
EU-Türkiye (coal and steel); Egypt-Palestine; European Economic Area; FTA,
ASEAN-China; FTA, ASEAN-Hong Kong; FTA, Agadir; FTA, Australia-Chile;
FTA, Australia-China; FTA, Australia-Hong Kong; FTA, Australia-Japan; FTA,
Australia-Korea; FTA, Australia-Malaysia; FTA, Australia-Peru; FTA, Australia-
Singapore; FTA, Australia-Thailand; FTA, Australia-UK; FTA, Australia-United
States; FTA, Bahrain-Jordan; FTA, Bosnia and Herzegovina-Türkiye; FTA, CACM
& Panama-EU; FTA, CACM-Mexico; FTA, CACM-Panama; FTA, CAN-EU;
FTA, Canada-Colombia; FTA, Canada-Costa Rica; FTA, Canada-Honduras;
FTA, Canada-Israel; FTA, Canada-Jordan; FTA, Canada-Korea; FTA, Canada-
Panama; FTA, Canada-Peru; FTA, Canada-Ukraine; FTA, Chile-Hong Kong; FTA,
Chile-Indonesia; FTA, Chile-Malaysia; FTA, Chile-Panama; FTA, Chile-Thailand;
FTA, Chile-Türkiye; FTA, Chile-United States; FTA, Chile-Viet Nam; FTA, China-
Costa Rica; FTA, China-Georgia; FTA, China-Iceland; FTA, China-Korea; FTA,
China-Maldives; FTA, China-Mauritius; FTA, China-New Zealand; FTA, China-
Peru; FTA, China-Singapore; FTA, China-Switzerland; FTA, Chinese Taipei-El
Salvador and Honduras; FTA, Chinese Taipei-Guatemala; FTA, Chinese Taipei-
New Zealand; FTA, Chinese Taipei-Nicaragua; FTA, Chinese Taipei-Panama;
FTA, Chinese Taipei-Singapore; FTA, Colombia-Costa Rica; FTA, Colombia-
Israel; FTA, Colombia-Korea; FTA, Colombia-United States; FTA, Costa Rica-
Peru; FTA, Costa Rica-Singapore; FTA, EAEU-Singapore; FTA, EEU-Vietnam;
FTA, EFTA-Albania; FTA, EFTA-Bosnia and Herzegovina; FTA, EFTA-Canada;
FTA, EFTA-Chile; FTA, EFTA-Colombia; FTA, EFTA-Egypt; FTA, EFTA-GCC;
FTA, EFTA-Georgia; FTA, EFTA-Guatemala (CACM); FTA, EFTA-Israel; FTA,
EFTA-Jordan; FTA, EFTA-Korea; FTA, EFTA-Lebanon; FTA, EFTA-Macedonia;
FTA, EFTA-Mexico; FTA, EFTA-Montenegro; FTA, EFTA-Morocco; FTA, EFTA-
Palestine; FTA, EFTA-Peru; FTA, EFTA-Serbia; FTA, EFTA-Singapore;
IV SPECIAL TOPICS
Ukraine-Uzbekistan; GSTP; Group of Eight (D8); Guinea-Morocco; India for
LDCs; India-Nepal; Iran-Bosnia and Herzegovina; Iran-Pakistan; Iran-Syria;
Iraq-Jordan; Iraq-Morocco; Jordan-Oman; Jordan-Saudi Arabia; Jordan-Tunisia;
Kazakhstan (EAEC) for GSP Countries; Kazakhstan (EAEU) for Developing
Countries; Kazakhstan (EAEU) for LDCs; Korea for LDCs; Kyrgyz Republic for
Developing Countries; Kyrgyz Republic for LDCs; Libya-Morocco; MERCOSUR-
India; MSG; Malawi-Mozambique; Mauritania-Morocco; Mauritius-Pakistan;
Morocco for African LDCs; Morocco-Saudi Arabia; Mozambique-Zimbabwe; New
Zealand for GSP Countries; New Zealand for LDCs; Organization of the Islamic
Conferences (OIC); PATCRA; PICTA; PTA, Indonesia-Pakistan; Panama-Trinidad
and Tobago; Regional group, Aladi: A.REG 04; Regional group, Aladi: AAP.AG
02 (Seeds); Regional group, CAEMC; Regional group, CARICOM; Regional
group, COMESA; Regional group, ECCAS; Regional group, ECOWAS; Regional
group, GCC; Regional group, IOC; Regional group, MERCOSUR (AAP.CE
18); Regional group, SAARC; Regional group, UMA; Regional group, WAEMU;
Russian Federation (EAEC) for Developing Countries; Russian Federation
(EAEC) for LDCs; Russian Federation (EAEU) for Developing Countries; Russian
Federation (EAEU) for LDCs; SPARTECA; Tajikistan for LDCs; Thailand for
LDCs; United States for GSP countries; Zimbabwe-Botswana Trade Agreement;
Zimbabwe-Malawi Trade Agreement; Zimbabwe-Namibia Trade Agreement
not applicable 7 CEPA, EU-Armenia; CU, EU-San Marino; Inter-Korean Exchange
and Cooperation Act; Israeli-Palestinian Customs Union;
Regional Group, Eurasian Economic Union (EEU); Regional
group, SACU; Swiss-Liechtenstein Customs Union
Figure 1 presents the average results Figure 1. Global results for import/export NTMs
for all the countries in the data set
IV SPECIAL TOPICS
for 2021, or the latest year available1, 100 5
for import NTMs and export NTMs.
Thirty-one countries were added in 80 4
2020 and 2021 to the database. Number of NTMs
The first two bars in the figure are 60 3
import measures. Import NTMs are
%
1 Indicators for Grenada, Liberia and Tajikistan were not estimated as the corresponding trade information was not available.
80 4 80 4
Number of NTMs
Number of NTMs
60 3 60 3
%
%
40 2 40 2
20 1 20 1
0 0 0 0
Green Brown Green Brown
80 4 80 4
Number of NTMs
Number of NTMs
60 3 60 3
%
40 2 40 2
20 1 20 1
0 0 0 0
LDC
Developing
Developed
LDC
Developing
Developed
LDC
Developing
Developed
LDC
Developing
Developed
Green Brown Green Brown
energy products. This does not energy technologies such as hydro, (almost 60 per cent) is affected by
mean that NTMs are more trade wind and solar power generation NTMs. Moreover, there are 1.5 NTMs
restrictive for “brown products” systems and their components.3 on every green product imported in
(fossil fuel energy products).2 the world, on average, while there are
About 40 per cent of green products
three NTMs on each brown product.
Figure 2 shows indicators concerning imported in the world are affected by at
either the “green” or the “brown” least one NTM. This represents more The fact that brown products are
energy product groups. Green energy than 60 per cent of its trade value. more regulated than green products
products are products related to green A larger share of the brown products does not mean that trade policies
2 For example, the import restrictiveness of NTMs facing renewable energy products, measured as an equivalent to tariff rates (i.e. the ad valorem
equivalent of NTMs), is higher for renewable energy products than for fossil fuels.
3 Renewable energy systems and components as listed in: WTO, 2010, Renewable Energy 1st and 2nd submission of WTO member States,
Committee on Trade and Environment, TN/TE/19 (32 products at HS 6-digit level mainly from chapters 84 and 85 for machinery and mechanical
appliances, and electrical equipment)
Argentina
Argentina Argentina
Argentina Phil
Ph
Brazil
Brazil Brazil
Brazil
Philippines
Philippines Philippines
Philippines BB
Russian
RussianFederation
Federation Russian
RussianFederation
Federation Afgh
Afgh
Canada
Canada Canada
Canada Cab
Cab
Bahrain,
Bahrain,Kingdom
Kingdomof
of Bahrain,
Bahrain,Kingdom
Kingdomof
of G
European
EuropeanUnion
Union European
EuropeanUnion
Union El
ElSS
Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan Antigua
Antiguaand
andBB
Côte
Côted'Ivoire
d'Ivoire Côte
Côted'Ivoire
d'Ivoire Moza
Moza
Norway
Norway Norway
Norway EE
Georgia
Georgia Georgia
Georgia
United
UnitedArab
ArabEmirates
Emirates United
UnitedArab
ArabEmirates
Emirates Co
C
Gabon
Gabon Gabon
Gabon
Tanzania
Tanzania Tanzania
Tanzania Pa
P
Mozambique
Mozambique Mozambique
Mozambique
Saudi
SaudiArabia,
Arabia,Kingdom
Kingdomof
of Saudi
SaudiArabia,
Arabia,Kingdom
Kingdomof
of E
Tajikistan
Tajikistan Tajikistan
Tajikistan Côte
Côte
Tunisia
Tunisia Tunisia
Tunisia Ba
B
Kuwait,
Kuwait,the
theState
Stateof
of Kuwait,
Kuwait,the
theState
Stateof
of Burkin
Burki
United
UnitedStates
Statesof
ofAmerica
America United
UnitedStates
Statesof
ofAmerica
America The
TheG
India
India India
India Bang
Ban
Botswana
Botswana Botswana
Botswana
Armenia
Armenia Armenia
Armenia
Uruguay
Uruguay Uruguay
Uruguay M
M
Lebanese
LebaneseRepublic
Republic Lebanese
LebaneseRepublic
Republic
Ecuador
Ecuador Ecuador
Ecuador M
M
Cambodia
Cambodia Cambodia
Cambodia Zim
Zim
Panama
Panama Panama
Panama VV
Guyana
Guyana Guyana
Guyana United
UnitedArab
ArabEE
Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan Korea,
Korea,Rep
Rep
Colombia
Colombia Colombia
Colombia Europea
Europea
Malaysia
Malaysia Malaysia
Malaysia G
IV SPECIAL TOPICS
Indonesia
Indonesia Indonesia
Indonesia Papua
PapuaNew
New
Senegal
Senegal Senegal
Senegal TT
Rwanda
Rwanda Rwanda
Rwanda A
Malawi
Malawi Malawi
Malawi
Thailand
Thailand Thailand
Thailand
Antigua
Antiguaand
andBarbuda
Barbuda Antigua
Antiguaand
andBarbuda
Barbuda Swit
Swi
Togo
Togo Togo
Togo
Eswatini
Eswatini Eswatini
Eswatini PP
Paraguay
Paraguay Paraguay
Paraguay Aze
Az
Nicaragua
Nicaragua Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Namibia
Namibia Namibia
Namibia Ca
Ca
Kenya
Kenya Kenya
Kenya M
M
Hong
HongKong,
Kong,China
China Hong
HongKong,
Kong,China
China Bo
Bo
The
TheGambia
Gambia The
TheGambia
Gambia AA
Algeria
Algeria Algeria
Algeria C
C
Comoros
Comoros Comoros
Comoros
Brunei
BruneiDarussalam
Darussalam Brunei
BruneiDarussalam
Darussalam Su
S
Bahamas
Bahamas Bahamas
Bahamas P
Burkina
BurkinaFaso
Faso Burkina
BurkinaFaso
Faso
Burundi
Burundi Burundi
Burundi
00 20
20 40
40 60
60 80
80 100
100 00 55 10
10 15
15
Coverage
CoverageRatio
Ratio Frequency
FrequencyIndex
Index Prevalence
PrevalenceScore
Score
Philippines
Philippines Philippines
Philippines
Nepal
Nepal Nepal
Nepal
Bahamas
Bahamas Bahamas
Bahamas
Afghanistan
Afghanistan Afghanistan
Afghanistan
Cabo
Cabo Verde
Verde Cabo
CaboVerde
Verde
Guyana
Guyana Guyana
Guyana
El El Salvador
Salvador El El
Salvador
Salvador
Antigua
Antigua and
and Barbuda
Barbuda Antigua
Antigua
and
and
Barbuda
Barbuda
Mozambique
Mozambique Mozambique
Mozambique
Ecuador
Ecuador Ecuador
Ecuador
Qatar
Qatar Qatar
Qatar
Colombia
Colombia Colombia
Colombia
Brazil
Brazil Brazil
Brazil
Paraguay
Paraguay Paraguay
Paraguay
Oman
Oman Oman
Oman
Ethiopia
Ethiopia Ethiopia
Ethiopia
Côte
Côte d'Ivoire
d'Ivoire Côte
Côted'Ivoire
d'Ivoire
Barbados
Barbados Barbados
Barbados
Burkina
Burkina Faso
Faso Burkina
Burkina
Faso
Faso
The
The Gambia
Gambia The
The
Gambia
Gambia
Bangladesh
Bangladesh Bangladesh
Bangladesh
China
China China
China
Togo
Togo Togo
Togo
Morocco
Morocco Morocco
Morocco
Jordan
Jordan Jordan
Jordan
Mauritius
Mauritius Mauritius
Mauritius
Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe
Viet
Viet Nam
Nam Viet
Viet
Nam
Nam
United
United Arab
Arab Emirates
Emirates United
United
Arab
Arab
Emirates
Emirates
Korea,
Korea, Republic
Republic of of Korea,
Korea,
Republic
Republic
of of
European
European Union
Union European
European
Union
Union
Georgia
Georgia Georgia
Georgia
Papua
Papua New
New Guinea
Guinea Papua
Papua
New
New
Guinea
Guinea
Tanzania
Tanzania Tanzania
Tanzania
Armenia
Armenia Armenia
Armenia
Gabon
Gabon Gabon
Gabon
Iceland
Iceland Iceland
Iceland
Switzerland
Switzerland Switzerland
Switzerland
Norway
Norway Norway
Norway
Palestine
Palestine Palestine
Palestine
Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan
Chile
Chile Chile
Chile
Cambodia
Cambodia Cambodia
Cambodia
Myanmar
Myanmar Myanmar
Myanmar
Botswana
Botswana Botswana
Botswana
Australia
Australia Australia
Australia
Comoros
Comoros Comoros
Comoros
Guinea
Guinea Guinea
Guinea
Suriname
Suriname Suriname
Suriname
Panama
Panama Panama
Panama
Niger
Niger Niger
Niger
Israel
Israel Israel
Israel
1515 0 0 2020 4040 6060 8080 100
100 0 0 2 2 4 4 6 6 8 8 1010 1212 1414
Coverage
CoverageRatio
Ratio Frequency
Frequency
Index
Index Prevalence
Prevalence
Score
Score
IV SPECIAL TOPICS
Panel a: Import NTMs: frequency index Panel b: Import NTMs: trade coverage
SPS SPS
100 100
Export 75 Export 75
TBT TBT
50 50
25 25
80 4 80 4
Number of NTMs
Number of NTMs
60 3 60 3
%
%
40 2 40 2
20 1 20 1
0 0 0 0
Technical Non technical Technical Non technical
2.4. References
UNCTAD (2002). Quantification of UNCTAD (2016). Guidelines to Collect UNCTAD (2019). International
Non-Tariff Measures. Bijit Bora, Aki Data on Official Non-Tariff Measures, Classification of Non-Tariff
Kuwahara and Sam Laird, UNCTAD/ January 2016 version. UNCTAD/DITC/ Measures. 2019 Version. United
ITCD/TAB/19. New York and Geneva. TAB/2014/4. New York and Geneva. Nations publication. UNCTAD/
DITC/TAB/2019/5
UNCTAD (2012). Non-Tariff UNCTAD (2017). UNCTAD TRAINS:
Measures to Trade: Economic The Global Database on Non-Tariff UNCTAD and World Bank (2018). The
and Policy Issues for Developing Measures – User Guide (2017, Unseen Impact of Non-Tariff Measures.
Countries. United Nations publication. Version 2). United Nations publication. Insights from a New Database.
UNCTAD/DITC/TAB/2012/1 UNCTAD/DITC/TAB/2017/3 United Nations and the World Bank.
UNCTAD/DITC/TAB/2018/2
UNCTAD (2015). International UNCTAD (2019). Computing Non-
Classification of Non-Tariff Measures. Tariff Measures Indicators: Analysis WTO (2012). World Trade Report 2012:
United Nations publication. with UNCTAD TRAINS data. Trade and Public Policies: A Closer
UNCTAD/DITC/TAB/2012/2 UNCTAD Research Paper No. 41 Look at Non-Tariff Measures in the
UNCTAD/SER.RP/2019/13 21st Century. WTO publication.
Frequency Index
The Frequency Index (FI) is essentially the percentage of products
affected by one or more NTMs. More formally,
∑ 𝐷𝐷" M#
F! = . 100
∑ M#
The Frequency Index is a ratio calculated using two dummy variables in the
numerator: D_s, the presence (or absence) of an NTM on the product, and the
∑ 𝐷𝐷product.
M_s, which equals to 1 for every (traded) " V#
C! = .100The sum in the numerator is
∑ V#
the total “affected” products, and the denominator is the sum of all products; the
Frequency Index is simply the ratio between them.4
∑ D# 𝑁𝑁#
Coverage Ratio 𝑃𝑃! =
∑ M#
The trade Coverage Ratio (CR) is the share of trade subject to NTMs. It
can also be computed for a country, or∑for 𝐷𝐷" aMregion,
#
or a group of products. This
F! =
Index is also a ratio, but trade weighted. . 100 is represented by V_s. The
Trade value
∑ M#
numerator captures the sum of the import (export) value of those traded products
that are affected by an import (export) NTM. It is then divided by the total value of
imports (exports).
∑ 𝐷𝐷" V#
C! = .100
∑ V#
Usually, Coverage Ratio is computed using the average trade value for the last
three years (bilateral and by HS6), so that∑there
D# 𝑁𝑁#would be less zero values. This is
𝑃𝑃! traded
relevant because this indicator uses = products only.
∑ M#
Prevalence Score
The Prevalence Score (PS) is an average
∑ 𝐷𝐷" M#of how many measures apply
to a given product group. It canF! =be used, for. 100
example, to tell what group of
∑ Mof
products is affected by the largest number # NTMs on average. For instance, it
IV SPECIAL TOPICS
can be computed to see if agricultural products are affected by more measures,
compared with industrial products, or to compare the average number of measures
among different countries. ∑ 𝐷𝐷 V " #
! C = .100
The formula is similar to the previous ∑ V# D_s is defined above, N_s is the
cases;
number of NTMs on product s, and M_s is the total number of products (those with
and without NTMs).5
∑ D# 𝑁𝑁#
𝑃𝑃! =
∑ M#
4 This simplified formula does not show that it also has a bilateral dimension, but the same
principle applies. The products-partners affected in the numerator will equal 1, and all products-
partners will count in the denominator.
5 This simplified formula does not show that it also has a bilateral dimension, but the same
principle applies. In practical terms, it is double sum. If data are set for the triple “reporter-hs6-
partner”, the Prevalence Score is the simple mean of the variable that presents the number of
distinct codes for each row, considering the traded lines (rows with positive import values only).
246
A. Data sources 248
247
A. D
ata sources
The data was pooled from the following cut-off date for inclusion of new data some problems such as: missing
databases: WTO’s Consolidated in the publication was 31 May 2022. product codes, the products codes of
Tariff Schedules database (CTS) and the agreement did not correspond to
For Part B in the tariff profiles more than
Integrated Data Base (IDB) and ITC’s the product codes of the MFN tariffs
300 trade agreements with available
MAcMap and TradeMap databases. of the country; or (3) the agreement
data were included in the calculation
Additional imports were sourced from entered into force after the country
of the preference margin and duty-
the UN COMTRADE database when was uploaded in the Market Access
free access. Some trade agreements
it has more updated data than WTO Map database (in such cases the
that are currently in force have not
and ITC. The objective was to use agreements will be included in the
been included for one or more of the
for each country or customs territory subsequent update of the database).
following reasons: (1) the agreement –
the latest available information. For
or the supplementary information to it – For more detailed information on the
the summary tables and Part A of the
was not accessible (or the document full contents of each of the respective
tariff profiles, only applied tariffs for
was unworkable) at the time of the databases, the reader is referred to the
the years 2021 or 2020 and imports
publication; (2) the data presented respective websites and/or documents:
for 2020 or 2019 were retained. The
For information on RTAs notified to the WTO see also the following website: http://rtais.wto.org
Congo X
ANNEXES
1. For some countries, the data for a country period shown in the table could not be used because the data was incomplete,
inconsistent and in the case of trade statistics, without corresponding tariff data.
How do you calculate the tariff average when there are non-ad valorem
tariffs?
Whenever there is a non-ad valorem duty in a certain country schedule, it is converted to its ad valorem equivalent (AVE) to
the extent possible. For the methodology used in calculating the AVE, please refer to Technical Annex B of World Tariff Profiles
2006. As a caveat though, some non-ad valorem duties are too complex and the calculation of the AVE requires additional
data not readily available (e.g. duty expressed as “9 + EA max 18.7 + AD S/Z”). In such cases, the duty is not included in the
calculation of the tariff indicators.
Why is the applied tariff average higher than the bound tariff average?
(Related to this is the case when the maximum applied tariff is higher than the maximum
bound tariff.)
When the bound tariff is lower than the applied tariff, it implies a binding violation. However, this is not always true. The following
cases show why even if the calculated applied statistics are higher than the corresponding bound statistics, it is possible that
there was no binding violation.
• The binding coverage might be less than 100% and the applied duties for unbound products may be high thus affecting the
average and the maximum duty. Please note that the bound tariff average is based only on tariff lines that are bound. The
applied duty average is based on the full tariff schedule following a certain Harmonized System (HS) nomenclature version.
Some WTO members who acceded during the Uruguay Round had not fully bound their entire tariff schedule.
• The WTO member has only recently acceded and the concessions are still not fully implemented. As the bound duty
statistics presented in the WTP refer to the final bound duty at the end of the implementation period, the applied duties
could still be higher than the bound duties.
• The bound and applied tariff schedules are in different HS versions. For each WTO member, the publication uses the
approved or certified bound tariff data in the most recent HS version. For example, a member who joined during the Uruguay
Round has its original bound tariff schedule in HS 1992. On the other hand, applied tariff is in the HS version used by
V
the member which in practice is usually the most current version of the HS (say, HS 2017). In order for the bound tariff
information to be more aligned with the applied tariffs, the schedule of concessions is regularly transposed or adapted to
ANNEXES
newer HS versions. However, all the other members have to agree to the new schedule in a different HS version to ensure
that no change in the concessions happened during the transposition. This process of certifying a schedule in a more
recent HS version often takes a long time. Hence, it is more often the case that the bound tariff schedule is in an older
version of the HS compared to the one used for the applied tariff. The difference in HS versions is not expected to have
changed any of the member’s commitments but might have affected the aggregate statistics due to the differences in HS
subheading breakdown between versions.
• The national tariff line breakdown might be different between the bound and applied tariff schedules even within the same
HS version, which could have affected the calculated averages. In the simple example below, the applied tariff schedule was
more detailed than that for bound tariff thus having an average higher than the bound tariff even if there’s no binding violation.
• The ad valorem equivalents (AVE) may affect the comparison between bound and applied duties when the changes in
nomenclature have resulted in the use of different unit values. Please refer to Technical Annex B of World Tariff Profiles
2006 for the methodology on the AVE calculation.
• For some WTO members who have commitments on Other Duties and Charges (ODCs), the data available on applied
tariffs may include the ODCs, and it is not possible to separate the ODC from the import duty.
My country did not change its applied tariff rates from that of the previous
year but why did the average change?
• If there are non-ad valorem duties, the calculated AVEs could have changed because new reference years for imports are
used every issue.
• Even without non-ad valorem duties in a tariff schedule, it’s possible that the breakdown changed for some reasons but the
applied tariff rate for each product remained the same. Please see the example below on the average for HS subheading
0804.50 which changed because of the difference in the breakdown of tariff lines.
Why does the same year for applied tariff appear for two consecutive
WTP issues?
For each issue of the WTP, we use two reference years for the applied MFN tariff, usually the most recent two years and
select the latest year available. There is always a one-year overlap on the reference years for consecutive issues of the WTP.
For example, for WTP 2022, the reference years for tariff are 2021 and 2020 and for WTP 2021, they are 2020 and 2019. If,
during the preparation for WTP 2021, the 2020 data for Country X is already available, then 2020 data is used. However, if for
WTP 2022 Country X has no available data yet for 2021 in any of the databases, the data for 2020 is re-used.
Why did the bound tariff statistics differ from the WTP issue of
the previous year?
In theory, bound tariffs do not change unless there is a renegotiation of a Member’s commitments. Hence, the most intuitive
answer would be that the Member renegotiated some or even all of its commitments during the course of the year.
However, there could be other reasons why, even if there were no changes in the commitments, some aggregate statistics
changed. One of these could be the presence of non-ad valorem duties in the bound tariff schedule. Different reference years
on imports are used for the calculation of AVEs for each issue and hence the AVEs can change.
Another reason could be the use of an approved schedule in a more recent HS version. Please refer to the question “why is the
applied tariff average higher than the bound tariff average?” for additional explanation.
My country imports mostly from partners with whom we have a free trade
agreement and imports come in duty free. Why is the calculated trade
weighted average much higher than what is expected?
The trade weighted average presented in Part A.1 of each tariff page is based on applied MFN duty weighted by total imports
and does not take into consideration non-MFN duties (mostly preferential) applied to certain trading partners. In effect, this is
the trade weighted average assuming all imports are levied the MFN rate.
How can I get the EXCEL version of the tariff profiles and summary tables
for previous WTP issues?
At present there is no online facility yet to extract these tables. However, these can be requested from the Market Access
Intelligence Section of the WTO. Send your email request to mai@wto.org specifying which data years or WTP issues you
are interested in.
V
ANNEXES
If you would like more information on the contents of this report or if you have
any comments or suggestions for improvement please contact
the Market Access Intelligence Section (mai@wto.org).
World Tariff Profiles 2022 provides
comprehensive information on the
tariffs and non-tariff measures
imposed by over 170 countries and
customs territories. The publication
starts with a breakdown of the tariffs
imposed by these economies.
Tariff data are presented in comparative
tables and in one-page profiles for each
economy. A summary table on selected
indicators on the imports and exports
profile for these economies is also
presented. Statistics on non‑tariff
measures by country and by product
group complement the data on tariffs.
Under the special topics part, there
are two technical papers. The first one
analyses the preferential rules of origin
in international trade and the second
one focuses on non-tariff measures on
“green” and “brown” energy products.