Notation

List of Terms
A Total average cost of setting up and operating a specific process, including plant,
labour, supervision and overheads, per second in the chosen country.
B Average annual cost of tooling for processing an ideal component, including
maintenance.
Ah Basic handling index for an ideal design using a given handling process.
Af Basic fitting index for an ideal design using a given assembly process.
Cc Relative cost associated with producing components of different
geometrical complexity.
Cf Relative cost associated with obtaining a specified surface finish.
Cft Value of Ct or Cf (whichever is greatest).
Cl Labour rate.
Cma Total cost of manual assembly.
Cmp Relative cost associated with material-process suitability.
Cmt Cost of the material per unit volume in the required form.
Cs Relative cost associated with size considerations and achieving
component section reductions/thickness.
Ct Relative cost associated with obtaining a specified tolerance.
F Component fitting index.
H Component handling index.
Mc Material cost.
Mi Manufacturing cost (pence).
n Number of operations required to achieve the finished component.
N Total production quantity per annum.
Pa Penalty for additional assembly processes on parts in place.
Pc Basic processing cost for an ideal design of component by a
specific process.
Pf Insertion penalty for the component design.
Pg General handling property penalty.

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Po Orientation penalty for the component design.

Ra Roughness average (surface finish).
Rc Relative cost coefficient assigned to a component design.
T Process time in seconds for processing an ideal design of component
by a specific process.
V Volume of material required in order to produce the component.
Vf Finished volume of the component.
Wc Waste coefficient.
α Cost of setting up and operating a specific process, including plant,
labour, supervision and overheads, per second.
β Process-specific total tooling cost for an ideal design.

Units
m metre
μm micron/micrometre
mm millimetre
t tonne (metric)
kg kilogramme
l litre
g gramme
h hour
min minute
s second
rpm revolutions per minute

Abbreviations – General
CAD Computer-aided Design
Cpk Process Capability Index
DFA Design for Assembly
DFM Design for Manufacture
HV Vickers Hardness
JIT Just in Time
NDT Non-destructive Testing
OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer
PDS Product Design Specification
ppm parts per million
PRIMA Process Information Map
   

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 Notation

Abbreviations – Manufacturing Processes

3DP 3D Printing
AJM Abrasive Jet Machining
ATB Automated Torch Brazing
ATS Automated Torch Soldering
CM Chemical Machining
CNC Computer Numerical Control
CVD Chemical Vapour Deposition
CW Cold Welding
DB Dip Brazing
DS Dip Soldering
DFW Diffusion Bonding (Welding)
DFB Diffusion Brazing
DMLS Direct Metal Laser Sintering
EBM Electron Beam Machining
EBW Electron Beam Welding
ECG Electrochemical Grinding
ECM Electrochemical Machining
EDG Electrical Discharge Grinding
EDM Electrical Discharge Machining
EGW Electrogas Welding
ESW Electroslag Welding
EXW Explosive Welding
FB Furnace Brazing
FS Furnace Soldering
FCAW Flux Cored Arc Welding
FDM Fused Deposition Modelling
FRW Friction Welding
FW Flash Welding
GW Gas Welding
IB Induction Brazing
INS Iron Soldering
IRB Infrared Brazing
IRS Infrared Soldering
IS Induction Soldering
JPS Jetted Photopolymer System
LBM Laser Beam Machining
LBW Laser Beam Welding
LOM Laminated Object Manufacturing

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MIG Metal Inert-gas Welding

MIM Metal Injection Moulding
MMA Manual Metal Arc Welding
NDT Non-destructive Testing
NTM Non-traditional Machining
PAW Plasma Arc Welding
PVD Physical Vapour Deposition
RB Resistance Brazing
RP Rapid Prototyping
RPW Resistance Projection Welding
RS Resistance Soldering
RSEW Resistance Seam Welding
RSW Resistance Spot Welding
SAW Submerged Arc Welding
SGC Solid Ground Curing
SLA Stereolithography
SLS Selecting Laser Sintering
SOUP Solid Object Ultraviolet Laser Plotter
SW Stud Arc Welding
TB Manual Torch Brazing
TIG Tungsten Inert-gas Welding
TS Manual Torch Soldering
TW Thermit Welding
USM Ultrasonic Machining
USW Ultrasonic Welding
USEW Ultrasonic Seam Welding
WS Wave Soldering

Manufacturing Process Key (for Chapter 12)

AM Automatic Machining
CCEM Cold Continuous Extrusion (Metals)
CDF Closed Die Forging
CEP Continuous Extrusion (Plastics)
CF Cold Forming
CH Cold Heading
CM2.5 Chemical Milling (2.5 mm depth)
CM5 Chemical Milling (5 mm depth)
CMC Ceramic Mould Casting
CNC Computer Numerical Controlled Machining

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CPM Compression Moulding

GDC Gravity Die Casting
HCEM Hot Continuous Extrusion (Metals)
IC Investment Casting
IM Injection Moulding
MM Manual Machining
PDC Pressure Die Casting
PM Powder Metallurgy
SM Shell Moulding
SC Sand Casting
SMW Sheet-metal Work
VF Vacuum Forming

Materials Key (for Plastics Processing)

ABS Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene
BMC Bulk Moulding Compound
CA Cellulose Acetate
CP Cellulose Propionate
PF Phenolic
PA Polyamide
PBTP Polybutylene Terephthalate
PC Polycarbonate
PCTFE Polychlorotrifluoroethylene
PE Polyethylene
PESU Polyethersulphone
PETP Polyethylene Terephthalate
PMMA Polymethylmethacrylate
POM Polyoxymethylene
PPS Polyphenylenesulphone
PP Polypropylene
PS Polystyrene
PSU Polysulphone
PU Polyurethane
PVC-U Poly Vinyl Chloride – Unplasticised
SAN Styrene Acrylonitrile
SMC Sheet Moulding Compound
UP Polyester

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