3biology XII Life Science SECUP 2023-24 LP Secondary

UNIT PLAN - LESSON PLAN
BIOLOGY 12 LIFE SCIENCE

2023-24
UNIT PLAN
Unit 2 Semester: 1st

Control and Coordination Time allocated: 2 x 40”
Scope & Sequence no: 1
Expected Student Outcomes:

● Critically analyze complex and abstract problems in a collaborative
atmosphere. (3.1.E1)
● Developing effective learning according to their learning style. (3.1.E2)
● Creating beauty through various works of art individually or in groups.
(4.2.E3)
● Initiating a movement to care for the environment in the community.
(5.3.E2)
● Offering the body as true worship. (6.2.E1)
● Protects from contamination of the body. (6.2.E2)
Learning Focus: Learning Objectives: [tujuan

 Describe and explain how is pembelajaran]
control and co-ordination in ● a. compare the nervous and
mammals endocrine systems as
 Describe and explain how is communication systems that co-
control and co-ordination in ordinate responses to changes in
plants the internal and external
environment
● b. describe the structure of a
sensory neurone and a motor
neurone
● c. outline the roles of sensory
receptor cells in detecting stimuli
and stimulating the transmission
of nerve impulses in sensory
neurones (a suitable example is
the chemoreceptor cell found in
human taste buds)
● d. describe the functions of
1
2023-24
sensory, relay and motor

neurones in a reflex arc
● e. describe and explain the
transmission of an action
potential in a myelinated
neurone and its initiation from a
resting potential (the importance
of sodium and potassium ions in
impulse transmission should be
emphasised)
● f. explain the importance of the
myelin sheath (saltatory
conduction) in determining the
speed of nerve impulses and the
refractory period in determining
their frequency
● g. describe the structure of a
cholinergic synapse and explain
how it functions, including the
role of calcium ions
● h. outline the roles of synapses in
the nervous system in allowing
transmission in one direction and
in allowing connections between
one neurone and many others
● i. describe the roles of
neuromuscular junctions,
transverse system tubules and
sarcoplasmic reticulum in
stimulating contraction in
striated muscle
● j. describe the ultrastructure of
striated muscle with particular
reference to sarcomere structure
● k. explain the sliding filament
model of muscular contraction
2
2023-24
including the roles of troponin,

tropomyosin, calcium ions and
ATP
● l. explain the roles of the
hormones FSH, LH, oestrogen
and progesterone in controlling
changes in the ovary and uterus
during the human menstrual
cycle
● m. describe the rapid response of
the Venus fly trap to stimulation
of hairs on the lobes of modified
leaves and explain how the
closure of the trap is achieved
● n. explain the role of auxin in
elongation growth by stimulating
proton pumping to acidify cell
walls
● o. describe the role of gibberellin
in the germination of wheat or
barley
● p. explain the role of gibberellin
in stem elongation including the
role of the dominant allele, Le,
that codes for a functioning
enzyme in the gibberellin
synthesis pathway, and the
recessive allele, le, that codes for
a non-functional enzyme
Biblical Worldview Integration:

In the realm of control and coordination in plants and animals, it reveals the
intricate design and purpose behind these mechanisms. Just as Psalm 139:14
declares, "I praise you because I am fearfully and wonderfully made," we
understand that God's divine hand is responsible for the complex systems within
living organisms. From the coordination of growth and development in plants to
3
2023-24
the intricate nervous systems in animals, the Bible reminds us of God's

sovereignty and wisdom.
Resources: Clegg, C. J. 2014. Cambridge International AS & A Level: Biology.

Hodder Education, a Hachette UK Company. 338 Euston Road, London NW1
3BH, United Kingdom
4
2023-24
LESSON PLAN
Meeting 15 (4th September) Semester 1_

Time allocated: 2 x 40”
Structure of Neurones
Learning Objectives:
● Compare the nervous and endocrine systems as communication systems
that co-ordinate responses to changes in the internal and external
environment
● Describe the structure of a sensory neurone and a motor neurone
● Outline the roles of sensory receptor cells in detecting stimuli and
stimulating the transmission of nerve impulses in sensory neurones (a
suitable example is the chemoreceptor cell found in human taste buds)
Instructional Methods:
 Motivational Activity: Begin with a brief discussion about how our bodies
respond to changes in the environment and maintain homeostasis.

Introduce the two communication systems: nervous and endocrine.
 Main Activity:
 Activity 1: Comparing Nervous and Endocrine Systems:
 Divide the class into small groups. Provide each group with a comparison
chart template (prepared beforehand) that lists characteristics of the

nervous and endocrine systems. Have groups fill in the chart with
information from their prior knowledge. Each group presents their
findings to the class.
 Activity 2: Neuronal Structure:
 Use visual aids, diagrams, and models to explain the structure of a sensory
neuron and a motor neuron.Emphasize key components such as dendrites,

cell body, axon, myelin sheath, and axon terminals. Discuss how these
components allow neurons to transmit signals.
 Activity 3: Sensory Receptor Cells and Neuronal Impulses:
 Introduce the concept of sensory receptor cells and their role in detecting
stimuli. Present the example of chemoreceptor cells in human taste buds.

Explain how these cells detect chemical changes in the mouth and trigger
nerve impulses. Discuss the transmission of nerve impulses along sensory
5
2023-24
neurons. Show an animation or video demonstrating the process.Break the

class into pairs or small groups for a hands-on activity. Provide students
with a "taste bud" model (a simple diagram of taste bud layers). Have
students label the different layers and indicate the path of the nerve
impulse. Discuss their findings as a class.
 Conclusion: Bring the class back together for a group discussion. Ask
students to share their findings from the hands-on activity and what
they've learned about sensory receptor cells and neuronal impulses.
Summarize the key points of the lesson, highlighting the objectives
achieved. Answer any remaining questions from the students.
Evaluation of Learning:
 Q and A
 Group Activity
Resources:
● Clegg, C. J. 2014. Cambridge International AS & A Level: Biology. Hodder
Education, a Hachette UK Company. 338 Euston Road, London NW1 3BH,
United Kingdom
6
2023-24

Reflex Action and Action Potential
● describe the functions of sensory, relay and motor neurones in a reflex arc
● describe and explain the transmission of an action potential in a myelinated
neurone and its initiation from a resting potential (the importance of
sodium and potassium ions in impulse transmission should be emphasised)
● explain the importance of the myelin sheath (saltatory conduction) in
determining the speed of nerve impulses and the refractory period in
determining their frequency
 Review: Begin with a brief discussion on the significance of nerve impulses
in the body's communication and coordination.

 Main Activity:
 Activity 1: Functions of Neurons in a Reflex Arc:
 Present the concept of a reflex arc and its components: sensory neuron,
relay neuron, and motor neuron. Using diagrams, explain the roles of each
neuron in transmitting and coordinating rapid responses. Engage
students in a group discussion where they brainstorm examples of reflex
arcs and identify the involvement of different neurons.
 Activity 2: Transmission of Action Potential:
 Introduce the concept of action potential and its importance in nerve
impulse transmission. Use visual aids to illustrate the process of action

potential initiation, emphasizing the role of resting potential, sodium-
potassium pumps, and ion channels. Explain the movement of sodium and
potassium ions during depolarization and repolarization. If possible,
demonstrate an interactive simulation of action potential transmission.
Divide the class into pairs or small groups for a worksheet activity:Provide
a series of steps in the action potential process and ask students to
arrange them in the correct order. Include blanks for students to fill in key
7
2023-24
terms and explanations.

 Activity 3: Myelin Sheath and Impulse Speed:
 Introduce the myelin sheath and its role in saltatory conduction to increase
the speed of nerve impulses. Explain how myelin insulates axons and the
importance of nodes of Ranvier in impulse transmission. Discuss the
concept of the refractory period and its impact on impulse frequency.
Engage the class in a debate-style activity: Divide the class into two
groups: one supporting the importance of myelin sheath and saltatory
conduction in impulse speed, and the other emphasizing the role of the
refractory period in controlling impulse frequency. Each group presents
their arguments and counters the opposing group's points.
 Conclusion: Bring the class back together for a group discussion. Review
the key concepts of the lesson, highlighting the objectives achieved. Allow
students to ask questions and clarify any remaining doubts. Summarize
the importance of understanding these neuronal processes in the context
of human physiology..
 Q and A
 Group Activity
 Worksheet
Resources:
United Kingdom
8
2023-24

Synapse
● Describe the structure of a cholinergic synapse and explain how it
functions, including the role of calcium ions
● Outline the roles of synapses in the nervous system in allowing
transmission in one direction and in allowing connections between one
neurone and many others
 Motivational Activity: Begin by discussing the importance of synapses in
enabling communication within the nervous system.

 Main Activity:
 Activity 1: Structure and Function of Cholinergic Synapses:
 Present the concept of a cholinergic synapse and its components:
presynaptic terminal, synaptic cleft, and postsynaptic membrane. Use

diagrams to illustrate the structure of a cholinergic synapse. Explain the
process of synaptic transmission, focusing on the release of
neurotransmitters (acetylcholine) from the presynaptic terminal. Discuss
the role of calcium ions in synaptic transmission: Explain how calcium
ions are involved in triggering the release of neurotransmitters. Discuss
the importance of calcium channels and their role in regulating
neurotransmitter release.
 Activity 2: Synaptic Transmission Direction and Connections:
 Introduce the concept of synaptic transmission directionality. Explain how
the structural and functional differences between the presynaptic and

postsynaptic membranes allow for one-way transmission of nerve
impulses. Use a visual aid to demonstrate the process of neurotransmitter
binding and signal transmission from presynaptic to postsynaptic
neurons. Discuss the concept of convergence and divergence in synaptic
connections: Convergence: Explain how multiple neurons can converge
onto a single postsynaptic neuron, allowing for integration of information.
Divergence: Explain how one presynaptic neuron can communicate with
multiple postsynaptic neurons, facilitating amplification of signals.
9
2023-24
 Group Discussion and Application:

 Divide the class into small groups. Provide each group with a scenario or
case study related to synaptic transmission, directionality, or
convergence/divergence.
Have groups discuss and analyze the scenario, identifying the relevant
synaptic concepts and explaining their significance. Each group presents
their findings to the class.
 Conclusion: Bring the class back together for a final discussion. Recap the
key concepts of the lesson, emphasizing the objectives achieved. Connect
the importance of cholinergic synapses and synaptic function to overall
nervous system function. Encourage students to ask questions and
participate in a brief Q&A session.
 Q and A
 Group Activity
Resources:
United Kingdom
10
2023-24

CA - Control and Coordination:
Nervous System
● compare the nervous and endocrine systems as communication systems
environment
● describe the structure of a sensory neurone and a motor neurone
● outline the roles of sensory receptor cells in detecting stimuli and
● describe the structure of a cholinergic synapse and explain how it functions,
including the role of calcium ions
● outline the roles of synapses in the nervous system in allowing
 Read the CA Rules
 Adminsiter the CA
 Collect and check the CA
 Provide the instruction and rubrics for the PA
 Ask the students to finish their PA
 Collect and check the PA
 CA
 PA
11
2023-24
Resources:
United Kingdom
Meetings 19 & 20 (18th- 20th Semester 1_

September) Time allocated: 4 x 40”
BA - Homeostasis & Control and

Coordination: Nervous System
● discuss the importance of homeostasis in mammals and explain the
principles of homeostasis in terms of internal and external stimuli,
receptors, central control, co-ordination systems and effectors (muscles and
glands)
● define the term negative feedback and explain how it is involved in
homeostatic mechanisms
● outline the roles of the nervous system and endocrine system in co-
ordinating homeostatic mechanisms, including thermoregulation,
osmoregulation and the control of blood glucose concentration
● describe the deamination of amino acids and outline the formation of urea
in the urea cycle
● describe the gross structure of the kidney and the detailed structure of the
nephron with its associated blood vessels using photomicrographs and
electron micrographs
● describe how the processes of ultrafiltration and selective reabsorption are
involved with the formation of urine in the nephron
● describe the roles of the hypothalamus, posterior pituitary gland, ADH and
collecting ducts in osmoregulation
● explain how the blood glucose concentration is regulated by negative
feedback control mechanisms, with reference to insulin and glucagon
● outline the role of cyclic AMP as a second messenger with reference to the
stimulation of liver cells by adrenaline and glucagon
12
2023-24
● describe the three main stages of cell signalling in the control of blood
glucose by adrenaline as follows:• hormone-receptor interaction at the
cell surface• formation of cyclic AMP which binds to kinase proteins • an
enzyme cascade involving activation of enzymes by phosphorylation to
amplify the signal
● explain the principles of operation of dip sticks containing glucose oxidase
and peroxidase enzymes, and biosensors that can be used for quantitative
measurements of glucose in blood and urine
● explain how urine analysis is used in diagnosis with reference to glucose,
protein and ketones
● explain that stomata have daily rhythms of opening and closing and also
respond to changes in environmental conditions to allow diffusion of carbon
dioxide and regulate water loss by transpiration
● describe the structure and function of guard cells and explain the
mechanism by which they open and close stomata
● describe the role of abscisic acid in the closure of stomata during times of
water stress (the role of calcium ions as a second messenger should be
emphasised)
● compare the nervous and endocrine systems as communication systems
environment
● describe the structure of a sensory neurone and a motor neurone
● outline the roles of sensory receptor cells in detecting stimuli and
● describe the structure of a cholinergic synapse and explain how it functions,
including the role of calcium ions
● outline the roles of synapses in the nervous system in allowing
13
2023-24
 Read the BA Rules
 Adminsiter the BA
 Collect and check the BA
 BA
Resources:
United Kingdom
14
2023-24

Neuro-Muscular Junction
● describe the roles of neuromuscular junctions, transverse system tubules
and sarcoplasmic reticulum in stimulating contraction in striated muscle
● describe the ultrastructure of striated muscle with particular reference to
sarcomere structure
● explain the sliding filament model of muscular contraction including the
roles of troponin, tropomyosin, calcium ions and ATP
 Motivational Activity: Begin with a brief discussion on the importance of
muscle contraction in human movement and physiology.

 Main Activity:
 Activity 1: Roles of Neuromuscular Junctions, Transverse System
Tubules, and Sarcoplasmic Reticulum:

 Introduce the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) and its role in transmitting
nerve impulses to muscle fibers. Use diagrams to illustrate the structure

of an NMJ and explain the process of acetylcholine release and receptor
binding. Discuss the role of transverse system tubules (T-tubules) in
propagating action potentials into the muscle fiber. Explain the function of
the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) in storing and releasing calcium ions for
muscle contraction. Relate these concepts to the initiation of muscle
contraction.
 Activity 2: Ultrastructure of Striated Muscle and Sarcomere
Structure:
 Present the ultrastructure of striated muscle, including myofibrils,
sarcomeres, and filaments (actin and myosin). Describe the organization of

a sarcomere and the arrangement of thin and thick filaments within it.
Use visual aids to demonstrate the sliding filament mechanism within a
sarcomere. Highlight the importance of cross-bridges formed between
actin and myosin during muscle contraction.
 Activity 3: Sliding Filament Model of Muscular Contraction:
 Introduce the sliding filament model of contraction. Explain how muscle
15
2023-24
contraction occurs by the sliding of actin filaments over myosin filaments.

Describe the roles of troponin and tropomyosin in regulating the
interaction between actin and myosin. Discuss the crucial role of calcium
ions released from the SR in exposing binding sites on actin. Explain how
ATP is required for the attachment and detachment of cross-bridges
during contraction. Use diagrams or animations to help visualize the step-
by-step process.
 Conclusion: Bring the class back together for a group discussion. Review
the key concepts of the lesson, emphasizing the objectives achieved. Allow
students to ask questions and clarify any remaining doubts. Summarize
the importance of understanding muscle contraction mechanisms in
human physiology.
 Q and A
 Group Activity
Resources:
United Kingdom
16
2023-24

Hormonal Regulation of the Human
Menstrual Cycle
● explain the roles of the hormones FSH, LH, oestrogen and progesterone in
controlling changes in the ovary and uterus during the human menstrual
cycle
 Motivational Activity: Begin with a brief discussion on the importance of
the menstrual cycle and its role in reproduction.

 Main Activity:
 Activity 1: Overview of the Menstrual Cycle:
 Present an overview of the menstrual cycle, including the phases: follicular,
ovulation, and luteal. Use a visual aid to show the changes in the ovary
and uterus during each phase. Discuss the significance of hormonal
regulation in coordinating these changes.
 Activity 2: Hormonal Regulation:
 Introduce the hormones involved: FSH (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone), LH
(Luteinizing Hormone), estrogen, and progesterone. Explain the roles of

FSH and LH in the follicular phase: FSH stimulates the growth of follicles
in the ovary. LH triggers ovulation, the release of a mature egg from the
ovary. Discuss the role of estrogen in the menstrual cycle: Estrogen is
responsible for the development of the endometrial lining of the uterus. It
also plays a role in inhibiting the further release of FSH. Explain the role
of progesterone in the luteal phase: Progesterone maintains the uterine
lining and prepares it for potential implantation. It also inhibits the
release of LH and FSH, preventing new follicles from developing.
 Activity 3: Interactive Case Study:
 Divide the class into small groups. Provide each group with a case study
scenario related to menstrual cycle irregularities and hormonal

imbalances. Have groups discuss and analyze the scenario, identifying the
specific hormonal imbalances causing the issue. Each group presents their
findings and proposed solutions to the class.
17
2023-24
 Conclusion: Bring the class back together for a final discussion. Recap the
key concepts of the lesson, emphasizing the hormonal regulation of the
menstrual cycle. Discuss the real-life applications of understanding these
hormonal interactions, such as contraception and fertility treatment.
 Q and A
 Group Activity
Resources:
United Kingdom
18

3biology XII Life Science SECUP 2023-24 LP Secondary

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

3biology XII Life Science SECUP 2023-24 LP Secondary

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

UNIT PLAN - LESSON PLAN

BIOLOGY 12 LIFE SCIENCE

Unit 2 Semester: 1st

Expected Student Outcomes:

Learning Focus: Learning Objectives: [tujuan

sensory, relay and motor

including the roles of troponin,

Biblical Worldview Integration:

the intricate nervous systems in animals, the Bible reminds us of God's

Resources: Clegg, C. J. 2014. Cambridge International AS & A Level: Biology.

Meeting 15 (4th September) Semester 1_

respond to changes in the environment and maintain homeostasis.

 Activity 1: Comparing Nervous and Endocrine Systems:

chart template (prepared beforehand) that lists characteristics of the

neuron and a motor neuron.Emphasize key components such as dendrites,

stimuli. Present the example of chemoreceptor cells in human taste buds.

neurons. Show an animation or video demonstrating the process.Break the

Meeting 16 (6th September) Semester 1_

in the body's communication and coordination.

 Activity 1: Functions of Neurons in a Reflex Arc:

 Introduce the concept of action potential and its importance in nerve

impulse transmission. Use visual aids to illustrate the process of action

terms and explanations.

Meeting 17 (11th September) Semester 1_

enabling communication within the nervous system.

 Activity 1: Structure and Function of Cholinergic Synapses:

 Present the concept of a cholinergic synapse and its components:

presynaptic terminal, synaptic cleft, and postsynaptic membrane. Use

 Introduce the concept of synaptic transmission directionality. Explain how

the structural and functional differences between the presynaptic and

 Group Discussion and Application:

Meeting 18 (13th September) Semester 1_

 Collect and check the CA

 Provide the instruction and rubrics for the PA

 Ask the students to finish their PA

 Collect and check the PA

Meetings 19 & 20 (18th- 20th Semester 1_

BA - Homeostasis & Control and

neurone and many others

 Collect and check the BA

Meeting 21 (25th September) Semester 1_

muscle contraction in human movement and physiology.

 Activity 1: Roles of Neuromuscular Junctions, Transverse System

Tubules, and Sarcoplasmic Reticulum:

nerve impulses to muscle fibers. Use diagrams to illustrate the structure

sarcomeres, and filaments (actin and myosin). Describe the organization of

 Introduce the sliding filament model of contraction. Explain how muscle

contraction occurs by the sliding of actin filaments over myosin filaments.

Meeting 22 (27th September) Semester 1_

the menstrual cycle and its role in reproduction.

 Activity 1: Overview of the Menstrual Cycle:

 Present an overview of the menstrual cycle, including the phases: follicular,

 Introduce the hormones involved: FSH (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone), LH

(Luteinizing Hormone), estrogen, and progesterone. Explain the roles of

scenario related to menstrual cycle irregularities and hormonal

You might also like